Relevant bibliographies by topics / PBF-LB

Academic literature on the topic 'PBF-LB'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PBF-LB"

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Zhang, Wenyou, William M. Abbott, Arnoldas Sasnauskas, and Rocco Lupoi. "Process Parameters Optimisation for Mitigating Residual Stress in Dual-Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing." Metals 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030420.

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Laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) additive manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing technology that manufactures metal components in a layer-by-layer manner. The thermal residual stress (RS) induced by the repeated heating–melting–cooling–solidification processes of AM is considered to limit the wider uptake of PBF-LB. A dual-laser beam PBF-LB strategy, with an additional auxiliary laser and reduced power, working in the same powder bed simultaneously, was recently proposed to lower RS within the manufactured components. To provide insights into the optimum PBF-LB AM configurations and process parameters for dual-laser PBF-LB, this study proposed three different coordinated heating strategies (i.e., parallel heating, post-heating, and preheating) of the auxiliary heat source. The temperature fields and RS of dual-laser beam PBF-LB, for Ti-6Al-4V with different process parameters, were computationally investigated and optimized by the thermo-mechanically coupled 3D models. Compared with the single beam PBF-LB, parallel heating, post-heating, and post-heating strategies were proved as effective approaches to reduce RS. Among these, the preheating scanning is predicted to be more effective in mitigating RS, i.e., up to a 10.41% RS reduction, compared with the single laser scanning. This work could be beneficial for mitigating RS and improve the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metal components.
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Nilsson Åhman, Hanna, Lena Thorsson, Pelle Mellin, Greta Lindwall, and Cecilia Persson. "An Enhanced Understanding of the Powder Bed Fusion–Laser Beam Processing of Mg-Y3.9wt%-Nd3wt%-Zr0.5wt% (WE43) Alloy through Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Characterization." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020417.

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Powder Bed Fusion–Laser Beam (PBF–LB) processing of magnesium (Mg) alloys is gaining increasing attention due to the possibility of producing complex biodegradable implants for improved healing of large bone defects. However, the understanding of the correlation between the PBF–LB process parameters and the microstructure formed in Mg alloys remains limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to enhance the understanding of the effect of the PBF–LB process parameters on the microstructure of Mg alloys by investigating the applicability of computational thermodynamic modelling and verifying the results experimentally. Thus, PBF–LB process parameters were optimized for a Mg WE43 alloy (Mg-Y3.9wt%-Nd3wt%-Zr0.5wt%) on a commercially available machine. Two sets of process parameters successfully produced sample densities >99.4%. Thermodynamic computations based on the Calphad method were employed to predict the phases present in the processed material. Phases experimentally established for both processing parameters included α-Mg, Y2O3, Mg3Nd, Mg24Y5 and hcp-Zr. Phases α-Mg, Mg24Y5 and hcp-Zr were also predicted by the calculations. In conclusion, the extent of the applicability of thermodynamic modeling was shown, and the understanding of the correlation between the PBF–LB process parameters and the formed microstructure was enhanced, thus increasing the viability of the PBF–LB process for Mg alloys.
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Metel, Alexander, Tatiana Tarasova, Evgenii Gutsaliuk, Roman Khmyrov, Sergei Egorov, and Sergey Grigoriev. "Possibilities of Additive Technologies for the Manufacturing of Tooling from Corrosion-Resistant Steels in Order to Protect Parts Surfaces from Thermochemical Treatment." Metals 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101551.

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The structure and physical–mechanical properties of products made from powders of corrosion-resistant steel 12X18H10T by the laser-beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) and subsequent ion-plasma nitriding in the work were investigated. Comparative studies of the physical mechanical properties of specimens made by the LB-PBF and conventional method from steel of the same grade were carried out. The density of the specimens and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) after the LB-PBF are almost the same as those of the conventionally manufactured specimens. Our analysis of the obtained dilatograms in the temperature range from 20 to 600 °C showed that the CLTE of steel after the LB-PBF is within acceptable limits (18.6 × 10−6 1/°C). Their hardness, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are higher than those of a conventionally manufactured specimen. The phase composition and structure of specimens of steel 12X18H10T made by the LB-PBF after the process of ion-plasma nitriding were investigated. The obtained results show that the mode of ion-plasma nitriding used in this case (stage 1—570 °C for 36 h; stage 2—540 °C for 12 h) does not lead to deterioration of the characteristics of the selected steel. A technological process for the manufacture of modified tooling from 12X18H10T steel by the LB-PBF was developed. It protects the surfaces that are not subject to nitriding and makes it possible to obtain a uniform high-quality nitrided layer on the working surface of the part made from spheroidal graphite iron.
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Schneck, Matthias, Max Horn, Maik Schindler, and Christian Seidel. "Capability of Multi-Material Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion—Development and Analysis of a Prototype Large Bore Engine Component." Metals 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010044.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) allows the manufacturing of functionally graded materials (FGM). This includes compositional grading, which enables the allocation of desired materials corresponding to local product requirements. An upcoming AM process for the creation of metal-based FGMs is laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) utilized for multi-material manufacturing (MM). Three-dimensional multi-material approaches for PBF-LB/M are stated to have a manufacturing readiness level (MRL) of 4 to 5. In this paper, an advancement of multi-material technology is presented by realizing an industry-relevant complex part as a prototype made by PBF-LB/M. Hence, a multi-material injection nozzle consisting of tool steel and a copper alloy was manufactured in a continuous PBF-LB/M process. Single material regions showed qualities similar to the ones resulting from mono-material processes. A geometrically defined transition zone between the two materials was achieved that showed slightly higher porosity than mono-material regions. Nevertheless, defects such as porosity, cracks, and material cross-contamination were detected and must be overcome in further MM technology development.
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Rautio, Timo, Jarmo Mäkikangas, Aappo Mustakangas, and Antti Järvenpää. "Module platform for hybrid PBF-LB manufacturing." Journal of Laser Applications 34, no. 4 (November 2022): 042018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000722.

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This study presents a module platform for additive manufacturing (AM) of parts with the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) technique. The proposed configurable platform enables hybrid manufacturing, because the bulk of the part can be manufactured with traditional methods and the complex part with AM combining the best qualities of both. The main objective was to find a new way of combining manufacturing techniques to reduce costs both in printing and in the postprocessing phase of production. Mechanical testing and microstructural analysis were used to verify the joint quality and strength between the printed part and the sheet metal. PBF-LB manufacturing was experimented directly on 316L and P355GH sheet metal steels, and in both cases, the results showed that the joints did not degrade the material properties. In addition to specimens for tensile testing, parts for a flexural bending machine were manufactured as a proof of concept. The module platform was successfully used to manufacture parts with reduced material cost and printing time, and the print job could be performed without any support structures, obviating the need for post processing. The proposed platform design can be used not only as a new tool for improving the production efficiency of the PBF-LB technique, but also to overcome some of the limitations in part design.
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Heiland, Steffen, Benjamin Milkereit, Kay-Peter Hoyer, Evgeny Zhuravlev, Olaf Kessler, and Mirko Schaper. "Requirements for Processing High-Strength AlZnMgCu Alloys with PBF-LB/M to Achieve Crack-Free and Dense Parts." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 7190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237190.

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Processing aluminum alloys employing powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) is becoming more attractive for the industry, especially if lightweight applications are needed. Unfortunately, high-strength aluminum alloys such as AA7075 are prone to hot cracking during PBF-LB/M, as well as welding. Both a large solidification range promoted by the alloying elements zinc and copper and a high thermal gradient accompanied with the manufacturing process conditions lead to or favor hot cracking. In the present study, a simple method for modifying the powder surface with titanium carbide nanoparticles (NPs) as a nucleating agent is aimed. The effect on the microstructure with different amounts of the nucleating agent is shown. For the aluminum alloy 7075 with 2.5 ma% titanium carbide nanoparticles, manufactured via PBF-LB/M, crack-free samples with a refined microstructure having no discernible melt pool boundaries and columnar grains are observed. After using a two-step ageing heat treatment, ultimate tensile strengths up to 465 MPa and an 8.9% elongation at break are achieved. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that not all nanoparticles used remain in the melt pool during PBF-LB/M.
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Martucci, Alessandra, Alberta Aversa, and Mariangela Lombardi. "Ongoing Challenges of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Al Alloys and Potential Solutions from the Literature—A Review." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031084.

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Their high strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity have exponentially increased the interest in aluminium alloys in the context of laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) production. Although Al-based alloys are the third most investigated category of alloys in the literature and the second most used in industry, their processing by PBF-LB/M is often hampered by their considerable solidification shrinkage, tendency to oxidation, high laser reflectivity and poor powder flowability. For these reasons, high-strength Al-based alloys traditionally processed by conventional procedures have often proved to be unprintable with additive technology, so the design and development of new tailored Al-based alloys for PBF-LB/M production is necessary. The aim of the present work is to explore all the challenges encountered before, during and after the PBF-LB/M processing of Al-based alloys, in order to critically analyse the solutions proposed in the literature and suggest new approaches for addressing unsolved problems. The analysis covers the critical aspects in the literature as well as industrial needs, industrial patents published to date and possible future developments in the additive market.
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Huber, Florian, Dominic Bartels, and Michael Schmidt. "In-Situ Alloy Formation of a WMoTaNbV Refractory Metal High Entropy Alloy by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M)." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113095.

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High entropy or multi principal element alloys are a promising and relatively young concept for designing alloys. The idea of creating alloys without a single main alloying element opens up a wide space for possible new alloy compositions. High entropy alloys based on refractory metals such as W, Mo, Ta or Nb are of interest for future high temperature applications e.g., in the aerospace or chemical industry. However, producing refractory metal high entropy alloys by conventional metallurgical methods remains challenging. For this reason, the feasibility of laser-based additive manufacturing of the refractory metal high entropy alloy W20Mo20Ta20Nb20V20 by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is investigated in the present work. In-situ alloy formation from mixtures of easily available elemental powders is employed to avoid an expensive atomization of pre-alloyed powder. It is shown that PBF-LB/M of W20Mo20Ta20Nb20V20 is in general possible and that a complete fusion of the powder mixture without a significant number of undissolved particles is achievable by in-situ alloy formation during PBF-LB/M when selecting favorable process parameter combinations. The relative density of the samples with a dimension of 6 × 6 × 6 mm3 reaches, in dependence of the PBF-LB/M parameter set, 99.8%. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements confirm the presence of a single bcc-phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show a dendritic and/or cellular microstructure that can, to some extent, be controlled by the PBF-LB/M parameters.
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Kessler, Olaf, Evgeny Zhuravlev, Sigurd Wenner, Steffen Heiland, and Mirko Schaper. "Correlation between Differential Fast Scanning Calorimetry and Additive Manufacturing Results of Aluminium Alloys." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 7195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207195.

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High-strength aluminium alloy powders modified with different nanoparticles by ball milling (7075/TiC, 2024/CaB6, 6061/YSZ) have been investigated in-situ during rapid solidification by differential fast scanning calorimetry (DFSC). Solidification undercooling has been evaluated and was found to decrease with an increasing number of nanoparticles, as the particles act as nuclei for solidification. Lower solidification undercooling of individual powder particles correlates with less hot cracking and smaller grains in the material produced by powder bed fusion of metals by a laser beam (PBF-LB/M). Quantitatively, solidification undercooling less than about 10–15 K correlates with almost crack-free PBF-LB/M components and grain sizes less than about 3 µm. This correlation shall be used for future purposeful powder material design on small quantities before performing extensive PBF-LB/M studies.
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Czink, Steffen, Jan Holoch, Robert Renz, Volker Schulze, Albert Albers, and Stefan Dietrich. "Process-Specific Topology Optimization Method Based on Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg Components: Material Characterization and Evaluation." Processes 11, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030648.

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In the laser powder bed fusion process (PBF-LB), components are built up incrementally by locally melting metal powder with a laser beam. This process leads to inhomogeneous material properties of the manufactured components. By integrating these specific material properties into a topology optimization algorithm, product developers can be supported in the early phases of the product development process, such as design finding. For this purpose, a topology optimization method was developed, which takes the inhomogeneous material properties of components fabricated in the PBF-LB process into account. The complex pore architecture in PBF-LB components was studied with micro-computed tomography (µCT). Thereby, three characteristic regions of different porosity were identified and analyzed. The effective stiffness in each of these regions was determined by means of resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS) as well as finite element analysis. Afterward, the effective stiffness is iteratively considered in the developed topology optimization method. The resulting design proposals of two optimization cases were analyzed and compared to design proposals derived from a standard topology optimization. To evaluate the developed topology optimization method, the derived design proposals were additionally manufactured in the PBF-LB process, and the characteristic pore architecture was analyzed by means of µCT.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PBF-LB"

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Sevastopolev, Ruslan. "Effect of conformal cooling in Additive Manufactured inserts on properties of high pressure die cast aluminum component." Thesis, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50949.

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Additive manufacturing can bring several advantages in tooling applications especially hot working tooling as high pressure die casting. Printing of conformal cooling channels can lead to improved cooling and faster solidification, which, in turn, can possibly result in better quality of the cast part. However, few studies on advantages of additive manufactured tools in high pressure die casting are published.The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify the effect of conformal cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast aluminum alloy. Two tools each consisting of two die inserts were produced with and without conformal channels using additive manufacturing. Both tools were used in die casting of aluminum alloy. Aluminum specimens were then characterized microstructurally in light optical microscope for secondary arm spacing measurements and subjected to tensile and hardness testing. Cooling behavior of different inserts was studied with a thermal camera and by monitoring the temperature change of cooling oil during casting. Surface roughness of die inserts was measured with profilometer before and after casting.Thermal imaging of temperature as a function of time and temperature change of oil during casting cycle indicated that conformal insert had faster cooling and lower temperature compared to conventional insert. However, thermal imaging of temperature after each shot in a certain point of time showed higher maximum and minimum temperature on conformal die surface but no significant difference in normalized temperature gradient compared to the conventional insert.The average secondary dendrite arm spacing values were fairly similar for samples from conventional and conformal inserts, while more specimens from conventional insert demonstrated coarser structure. Slower cooling in conventional insert could result in the coarser secondary dendrite arm spacing.Tensile strength and hardness testing revealed no significant difference in mechanical properties of the specimens cast in conventional and conformal die inserts. However, reduced deviations in hardness was observed for samples cast with conformal insert. This is in agreement with secondary dendrite arm spacing measurements indicating improved cooling with conformal insert.Surface roughness measurement showed small wear of the inserts. More castings are needed to observe a possible difference in wear between the conventional and conformal inserts.Small observed differences in cooling rate and secondary arm spacing did not result in evident difference in mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy but the variation in properties were reduced for samples cast with conformal cooling. Future work may include more accurate measurement of cooling behavior with a thermocouple printed into the die insert, casting of thicker specimen for porosity evaluation and fatigue testing and longer casting series to evaluate the influence of conformal cooling on tool wear.
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Book chapters on the topic "PBF-LB"

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Meiners, Wilhelm, S. Heer, J. Volkert, F. Schaede, and P. Wagenblast. "Methodik zur Quantifizierung der Laserstrahl-Schmauch Interaktion in Multilaser PBF-LB/M Anlagen." In Proceedings of the 17th Rapid.Tech 3D Conference Erfurt, Germany, 22–23 June 2021, 67–79. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446471733.005.

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Yakout, Mostafa, and Mohamed A. Elbestawi. "Residual Stress Formation in Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) of Invar 36." In Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials & Parts, 34–44. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp163120190149.

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Drechsel, K., M. Frey, V. Schulze, and F. Zanger. "Thermomechanical Multiscale PBF-LB-Process Simulation of Macroscopic Structures to Predict Part Distortion Recoater Collisions." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 366–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18318-8_38.

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Baig, Shaharyar, Seyed R. Ghiaasiaan, and Nima Shamsaei. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of LB-PBF AlSi10Mg and Scalmalloy." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 119–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_18.

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Winkler, Karl Jakob, Matthias Schmitt, Thomas Tobie, Georg Schlick, Karsten Stahl, and Rüdiger Daub. "Characterization and Influences of the Load Carrying Capacity of Lightweight Hub Designs of 3D-Printed Gears (16MnCr5, PBF-LB/M-Process)." In Proceedings of the Munich Symposium on Lightweight Design 2021, 160–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65216-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "PBF-LB"

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Feng, Shaw C., Yan Lu, and Albert T. Jones. "Measured Data Alignments for Monitoring Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion Methods." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22478.

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Abstract The number and types of measurement devices used for monitoring and controlling Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals (PBF-LB/M) processes and inspecting the resulting AM metal parts have increased rapidly in recent years. The variety of the data collected by such devices has increased, and the veracity of the data has decreased simultaneously. Each measurement device generates data in a unique coordinate system and in a unique data type. Data alignment, however, is required before 1) monitoring and controlling PBF-LB/M processes, 2) predicting the material properties of the final part, and 3) qualifying the resulting AM parts can be done. Aligned means all data must be transformed into a single coordinate system. In this paper, we describe a new, general data-alignment procedure and an example based on PBF-LB/M processes. The specific data objects used in this example include in-situ photogrammetry, thermography, ex-situ X-ray computed tomography (XCT), coordinate metrology, and computer-aided design (CAD) models. We propose a data-alignment procedure to align the data from melt pool images, scan paths, layer images, XCT three-dimensional (3D) model, coordinate measurements, and the 3D CAD model.
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Moe, Ole-Bjørn Ellingsen, and Bertrand Henri Benoit Maillon. "Qualification of AM-Parts for The Offshore Industry." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30971-ms.

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Abstract Use of additive manufacturing (AM) technology is quite mature in medicine and aerospace industries but adoption of the technology has been limited in the oil and gas industry. One of the reasons behind the slow adoption is the non-availability of industry standards and recommended practices. DNV aims to help the adoption of AM in the oil and gas industry by providing the needed industry standards and recommended practices. DNV is one of the largest classification societies in the world and provides classification, technical assurance, software and independent expert advisory services to the maritime, oil & gas and energy industries. DNV has been running several projects globally to help the industry qualify materials and products produced by additive manufacturing. DNV has been working since January 2018 together with main stakeholders in a joint Industry Project (JIP) to develop requirements necessary to introduce components made by AM for oil and gas and related applications. The outcome of the JIP was released to the industry in 2020; a standard that describes the qualification and quality assurance of AM parts. The AM technologies addressed in the standard are laser based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). In this paper, the standard is presented, and a systematic way to qualify parts made by PBF-LB and WAAM technologies described. A case study, leading to a qualified part according to the standard will be presented. It has been led by Vallourec, a world leader in tubular solutions for the energy sectors. Vallourec embraced additive manufacturing a few years ago and is currently developing and offering WAAM components for various industries.
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Rautio, Timo, Matias Jaskari, Mikko Hietala, and Antti Jarvenpaa. "Comparison of Polishing Methods: The Effect on The Surface Roughness and Fatigue Performance of PBF-LB manufactured 316L Stainless Steel." In 2022 7th National Scientific Conference on Applying New Technology in Green Buildings (ATiGB). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atigb56486.2022.9984097.

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Schmelter, Tobias, Benedict Theren, Magnus Thiele, Marvin Schuleit, Cemal Esen, and Bernd Kuhlenkötter. "Integration of SMA Wires Into the Additive Manufacturing Process Using PBF-LB/M and Long-Term Tests of the Specimens to Validate the Functional Properties." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67650.

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Abstract The integration of shape memory (SM) wires in additive manufacturing (AM) processes and components, either as actuators or sensors, holds enormous potential for future developments. For example, a sensor or an actuator function could be integrated into a component already during the manufacturing process. This integration can eliminate downstream assembly steps and improve the flexibility of the component design. In addition to (complex) components, the AM process can also be used to attach connecting elements to the wire, ensuring an improved connection of the wire to other components like an actuator housing. The integration of SM wires into an AM process will be further investigated in the following and feasibility validated by initial trials. Powder bed fusion – laser beam/metal (PBF-LB/M) is used as an AM process; thereby blocks are welded to the wire in the context of this work as proof of concept. Long-term and tensile tests are carried out to evaluate the functional and mechanical properties of the manufactured compounds. Moreover, images of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) provide further information about the generated compound.
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