Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PBDEs'
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Löfstrand, Karin. "Trends and exposure of naturally produced brominated substances in Baltic biota - with focus on OH-PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs and PBDDs." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54421.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Crosse, John D. "PBDEs in predatory birds from the UK." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658319.
Full textMuenhor, Dudsadee. "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor and outdoor environments." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2854/.
Full textMoreira, Bastos Patricia. "Comparison of experimentally and theoretically determined oxidation and photochemical transformation rates of some organohalogens to promote prediction of persistence." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljökemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26040.
Full textChow, Ka Lai. "Combined photocatalysis and phytoremediation for efficient treatment of polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDES)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/63.
Full textRydén, Andreas. "Synthesis of organobromines as a tool for their characterisation and environmental occurrence assessment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95649.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Viberg, Henrik. "Neonatal Developmental Neurotoxicity of Brominated Flame Retardants, the Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4576.
Full textSILVA, SINAI DE FATIMA GONÇALVES DA. "OCCURRENCE OF PBDES AND PCBS IN FISH AND MUSSELS FROM GUANABARA BAY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15394@1.
Full textAs bifenilas policloradas (PCBs) foram durante muitos anos usadas, principalmente, como fluidos refrigerantes e lubrificantes, em transformadores, capacitores e outros equipamentos elétricos. Os éteres difenílicos polibromados (PBDEs) ainda são amplamente utilizados como retardadores de chamas. Ambos são considerados poluentes orgânicos de extrema toxicidade e reportados como potentes interferentes endócrinos. Existem trabalhos anteriores que já detectaram PCBs na baía de Guanabara, porém, a pesquisa sobre PBDEs é pioneira. Foi desenvolvida e validada uma metodologia para extração, simultânea dos PCBs e PBDEs. Todas as amostras foram coletadas, extraídas, limpas e analisadas por GC-MS. Os PCBs foram os poluentes predominantes; entre eles o PCB-153 (bifenila-2, 2’, 4, 4’, 5, 5’-hexaclorada) provou ser o poluente mais disseminado, apresentando teor máximo de 261 ng.g-1 de peso seco no fígado de tainha. A ocorrência dos PBDEs foi significativamente menor; o PBDE-47 (éter difenílico- 2, 2’, 4, 4’-tetrabromado) foi o mais freqüente, apresentando um teor máximo de 46 ng.g-1 de peso seco no músculo de corvina. Comparando-se com outros ecossistemas, as concentrações de PCBs são maiores e as de PBDEs menores.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used mainly as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical equipments. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still widely used as additive flame retardants. Both are among the most toxic environmental pollutants and reported as powerful endocrine disruptor. In Guanabara Bay previous studies have already detected PCBs, but the PBDE investigation is pioneer. A procedure for extracting simultaneously PCBs and PBDEs was developed and validated. Samples were collected, extracted, cleaned and analyzed by GC-MS. PCBs were the predominant pollutants, among them PCB-153 (2, 2’, 4, 4’, 5, 5’- hexachlorobiphenyl) proved to be the most disseminated one, with the highest content of 261 ng.g-1 dry weight (dw) in fish liver. PBDE occurrences were significantly lower, being the PBDE-47 (2, 2’, 4, 4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether the most frequent, with the highest content of 46 ng.g-1 dry weight (dw) in fish tissue. In comparison to other ecosystems PCBs showed higher contents and PBDEs the lower ones.
Arrigoni, María Paula. "Ensayos toxicológicos de retardantes de flama polibromados (PBDEs) sobre el caracol manzana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2013. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/5461.
Full textFil: Arrigoni, María Paula. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.
Meneses, Lady Virginia Traldi. "Aspectos institucionais, legais, políticos e técnicos para a implementação da Convenção de Estocolmo sobre Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes: os éteres difenilícos polibromados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-05052017-100647/.
Full textAdditional new Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have been included to the list of Stockholm Convention, in the research exemplified by means of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) which resist degradation, are transported far from their place of release, where they accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and possess toxic properties, since they are classified as endocrine disruptive chemicals. They were used as brominated flame retardants and applied in many articles/consumer products such as electronics, textiles, vehicles, furniture and building materials. The signatories countries must comply with obligations and measures taken by Convention however they are facing many challenges in order to implement them, once few countries submitted the updated National Implementation Plans (NIPs) to the Convention. This research aims at identifying the institutional, legal, technical and politics aspects in order to transpose those measures to the national level, conducting a systematized research of literature on consumer products that may contain c-BDE put in the market besides recycling units of articles upon becoming wastes, consisting of, containing or contaminated with a chemical PBDEs and presenting the experience of two countries in implementing PBDEs actions plans of the NIPs. The comparative case studies was used as the research method, improved by the most different cases and most similar outcomes, designed for two countries as Czech Republic and Sweden, supported by the congruence analyses. Standardized interviews were applied to professionals involved in elaborating and implementing the Stockholm Convention in the countries. The systematized research indicated the increase from 2008 of the scientific number articles related to PBDEs which presented the occurrence of PBDEs in indoor house, office and recycling units dust and air internal and outdoor environments nearby waste electronic and electric equipment recycling units, with human exposure analyses related to and the researches must be continued, accordingly the conclusions. The comparative case studies of two countries revealed the requirement of a complex chemical substances management approach in order to transpose the PBDEs obligations to the national level, including the industrial chemical and environmental legislations, especially on POP-BDEs in products, a integrated institutional arrangement with the scientific institutional support, environmental monitoring programs and chemical control of the spread of POP-BDEs substances present in a number of consumer products put on the market; as the main challenges are the segregation of plastics containing PBDE in order to avoid recycled articles containing PBDEs and the importance of dialogue with the industrial sector in order to identify the PBDEs content in articles in use and to evaluate technology alternatives to PBDEs as well as promote technical capacities to raise awareness of chemicals to importers and private sector. The benefits generated by the Convention implementation are protection on healthy and environmental, the governance improvement, technical assistance promotion, POPs visibility, science and politics integration and the increase of scientific research.
Ferrari, Raíssa Santos. "Quantificação de PBDEs em amostras de sedimentos de Ribeirão Preto e avaliação da toxicidade do BDE-209 em células HepG2 sob influência de indução autofágica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-17012017-092455/.
Full textThe polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are compounds widely used as flame retardants, introduced around 1970, in a diversity of industrial products especially electronics. However, in contrast to its beneficial role as a safety device, these compounds have a chemical structure, which provides to humans worrisome toxic effects, because according to several studies, they are responsible for triggering neurotoxic and hormonal problems, as well as influence in the development of some diseases. Moreover, its chemical composition allows them to be bioaccumulated, which gives potential effects, since they are persistent in the environment. Given these factors, studies that can better describe these compounds action mechanism are important. Therefore, the proposal of this project was to analyze the effect of 2, 2\' ,3, 3\' ,4, 4\' ,5, 5\' ,6, 6\'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) using as model the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, HepG2, applying cytotoxicity assays during autophagic induction. The results showed that BDE-209, as observed in other studies of our group, induced no severe toxicity like other congeners as it showed significant results only in higher concentrations. The autophagic induction had no protective effects against the BDEs cytotoxicity, on the contrary, it was able to affect cells homeostasis and cause necrosis in the presence of 25 mol.L-1 of the congener. Additionally, sediment samples were collected from a recharge point of Guaraní aquifer in Ribeirão Preto for quantification of these compounds to determine the level of contamination in this environment. These samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (CG-ECD) after a process of extraction, clean up and preconcentration. The results showed the presence of six BDEs with total concentration of 4.03 ng.g-1 and 5.38 ng.g-1 in two samples collected, which the main congener was 2, 2\', 4, 4\' tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47).
Dahlberg, Anna-Karin. "Environmentally relevant chemical disruptors of oxidative phosphorylation in Baltic Sea biota : Exposure and toxic potentials." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115436.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
Cascaes, Mauro Juliano. "Ocorrência de PCBs, PBDEs e pesticidas organiclorados em Prionace glauca da costa sul brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-03082011-105834/.
Full textKalantzi, Olga Ioanna. "Residues and biochemical effects of PBDEs and selected organohalogen compounds in humans and seals." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423891.
Full textMerilis, Giorvanni. "Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Among Demographic Categories." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6903.
Full textKierkegaard, Amelie. "PBDEs in the Environment : Time trends, bioaccumulation and the identification of their successor, decabromodiphenyl ethane." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6779.
Full textHroch, Martin. "Studium distribuce halogenovaných difenyletherů do složek životního prostředí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233346.
Full textTollbäck, Petter. "Large Volume Injection and Hyphenated Techniques for Gas Chromatographic Determination of PBDEs and Carbazoles in Air." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367.
Full textThis thesis is based on studies in which the suitability of various gas chromatography (GC) injection techniques was examined for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and carbazoles, two groups of compounds that are thermally labile and/or have high boiling-points. For such substances, it is essential to introduce the samples into the GC system in an appropriate way to avoid degradation and other potential problems. In addition, different types of gas chromatographic column system and mass spectrometric detectors were evaluated for the determination of PBDEs.
Conventional injectors, such as splitless, on-column and programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injectors were evaluated and optimized for determination of PBDEs. The results show on-column injection to be the best option, providing low discrimination and high precision. The splitless injector is commonly used for “dirty” samples. However, it is not suitable for determination of the high molecular weight congeners, since it tends to discriminate against them and promote their degradation, leading to poor precision and accuracy. The PTV injector appears to be a more suitable alternative. The use of liners reduces problems associated with potential interferents such as polar compounds and lipids and compared to the hot splitless injector, it provides gentler solvent evaporation, due to its temperature programming feature, leading to low discrimination and variance.
Increasing the injection volume from the conventional 1-3 µL to >50 µL offers two main benefits. Firstly, the overall detection and quantification limits are decreased, since the entire sample extract can be injected into the GC system. Secondly, large volume injections enable hyphenation of preceding techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), solid phase extraction and other kinds of extraction. Large-volume injections were utilized and optimized in the studies included in this thesis.
With a loop-type injector/interface large sample volumes can be injected on-column providing low risk of discrimination against compounds with low volatility. This injector was used for the determination of PBDEs in air and as an interface for the determination of carbazoles by LC-GC. Peak distortion is a frequently encountered problem associated with this type of injector that was addressed and solved during the work underlying this thesis.
The PTV can be used as a large volume injector, in so-called solvent vent mode. This technique was evaluated for the determination of PBDEs and as an interface for coupling dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction online to GC. The results show that careful optimization of the injection parameters is required, but also that the PTV is robust and yields reproducible results.
PBDEs are commonly detected using mass spectrometry in electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode, monitoring bromine ions (m/z 79 and 81). The mass spectrometric properties of the fully brominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209, have been investigated. A high molecular weight fragment at m/z 486/488 enables the use of 13C-labeled BDE-209 as an internal surrogate standard.
Tollbäck, Petter. "Large volume injection and hyphenated techniques for gas chromatographic determination of PBDEs and carbazoles in air /." Stockholm : Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-367.
Full textCipro, Caio Vinicius Zecchin. "Poluentes orgânicos e isótopos estáveis no ecossistema da Baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Antártida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-20042012-095950/.
Full textDespite the small antropic direct influence on its territory, Antarctica cannot be considered out of pollutants\' reach. The present study evaluated the distribution and transfer of organic pollutants (PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and PBDEs) in both abiotic (snow and melting water) and biotic (lichens, mosses, invertebrates, fishes, bird eggs and bird and pinnipeds\' tissues, for which was also applied carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 stable isotopes analyses) compartments of the ecosystem from Admiralty Bay. Abiotic compartments showed concentrations between 1,4 and 156 pg L-1, only for organochlorine groups, with considerable intraseasonal variation and compatibility with lower trophic levels and vegetation samples, which in turn reflected the importance of secondary pollutants sources. In animal samples, grosso modo, the prevailing compounds were (in ng g-1 wet weight) PCBs (6,82-1821), HCB (0,060-136) and DDTs, (0,410-524), levels from two to three orders of magnitude superior to the ones found in vegetations. PBDEs occurred, in a general way, in levels from one to two orders of magnitude lower than the organochlorines. Stable isotope analyses proved useful as an indicator tool for trophic level and consumed organic matter, correlating itself in a qualitative and quantitative way with the organic pollutants by indication of factors as nutritional strees and variation in foraging areas and/or diet. As an alternative, a new biomagnifications indicator based on PCBs molecular weight was proposed, showing results statistically superior to the ?15N in the majority of the cases.
Labunska, Iryna. "Environmental contamination and human exposure to PBDEs and other hazardous chemicals arising from informal e-waste handling." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7549/.
Full textStetzer, Randy T. "Immunological and Developmental Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Birds." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1189789668.
Full textWei-Haas, Maya Li. "The Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the Environment." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1432727874.
Full textCiparis, Serena. "Bioavailability of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDES) in Biosolids and Spiked Sediment to the Aquatic Worm Lumbriculus variegatus." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617814.
Full textPereira, Lílian Cristina. "Avaliação dos congêneres BDE-100 e BDE-153 de éteres difenílicos polibromados sobre a linhagem celular HepG2 e linfócitos humanos: efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-05102016-092639/.
Full textThe brominated flame retardants are substances used in consumer goods to increase its fire resistance and/or high temperatures. Due to, the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Polybrominated diphenyl ether) are the most commonly used class in view of its efficiency in controlling the spread of flame and low cost. These compounds are considered persistent, bioaccumulative, can be transported over long distances and have toxicity. However the toxic mechanisms of action have not been well established. Thus, this project held cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic assays in HepG2, HeLa, hepatocytes and human lymphocytes cells in order to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity. The results demonstrate the ability of these compounds to induce primary DNA damage (0.5 ?M for BDE-153 and 5 ?M for BDE-100) monitored by the comet assay, it was not repaired after 24 hours of exposure. However, there was not observed nether increase in micronuclei in HepG2 cells and lymphocytes after exposure to the congeners (0.1 - 25 ?M) even in the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. However, the compounds show the ability to reduce MTT reduction, proliferation, and interfere with cell cycle evaluated in cell cultures. These cytotoxic effects are related to mitochondrial dysfunction, since both PBDE generate dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in apoptotic cell death, demonstrated by the maintenance of serine phosphatidyl on the external surface of the cell membrane, by condensation and nuclear fragmentation, the presence of pro-apoptotic factors in the cytosol of the cell, such as cytochrome c and AIF plus activating caspase 3 and 9. These data corroborate the fact of not having to intracellular lactate dehydrogenase release, excluding death cell necrosis. Finally, it was observed that exposure to the active compounds the autophagic process, at first as a cytoprotective mechanism observed by LC3I conversion in LC3II and accumulation of p62 (autophagic markers) plus imunicitoquímicas markings for LC3II and co-location lysosomes in dotted pattern, indicanto accumulations of LC3 protein and lysosomes, forming autophagosomes. Together our results show the ability to induce genomic instability and cytotoxicity of this class of compounds, reinforcing the idea that PBDEs pose a risk to the exposed population
Pountney, Angela. "Analysis of the population genetics and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) burdens of otters in England and Wales : with case studies of populations in South West England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/110261.
Full textLAVANDIER, RICARDO CAVALCANTI. "OCCURRENCE OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS) AND POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYLETHERS (PBDES) IN DIFFERENT SPECIES OF FISH FROM ILHA GRANDE BAY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17894@1.
Full textAs bifenilas policloradas e os éteres difenílicos polibromados constituem duas classes de poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs), altamente lipofílicos, capazes de resistir à biodegradação e bioacumular através da cadeia alimentar. Os PCBs foram utilizados principalmente como fluidos isolantes em capacitores e transformadores, bem como em diversos equipamentos elétricos. Os PBDEs são retardantes de chamas, os quais são aplicados em computadores, televisores e aparelhos elétricos e eletrônicos em geral. As altas concentrações destes poluentes no meio ambiente ocorrem por diversos fatores, dentre os quais podemos citar o descarte de equipamentos eletrônicos obsoletos. Ambos os poluentes são interferentes endócrinos, provocam alterações reprodutivas, possuem efeitos carcinogênicos e são neurotóxicos. Os seres humanos, por ocuparem o topo da cadeia alimentar, estão sujeitos a elevado risco de contaminação por estes compostos. No presente estudo, foram determinados os níveis de PCBs e PBDEs em diferentes espécies de peixes oriundos da Baía da Ilha Grande, localizada ao Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os PCBs foram os poluentes predominantes e os níveis de PBDEs estão abaixo do limite de quantificação. Os PCBs foram encontrados em três espécies de peixes e as concentrações variaram entre 2,29 e 27,60 ng g(-1) em peso úmido para amostras de músculos e entre 3,41 e 34,22 ng g(-1) também em peso úmido para amostras de fígados. O PCB-87 foi o congênere dominante, onde sua concentração média foi de 34,22 ng g(-1) em peso úmido nas amostras de corvinas. Foram estabelecidas correlações entre as concentrações de PCBs e variáveis biométricas dos indivíduos, tais como comprimento, peso e teor lipídico, bem como a diferenciação estatística em função da sazonalidade.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyls Ethers (PBDEs) are two highly lipophilic classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) able to resist degradation and with the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain. PCBs were primarily used as insulating fluids in capacitors and transformers, as well as in several electrical equipments. The high levels of these pollutants in the environment can occur due to several factors, among which the disposal of obsolete electronic equipment. Both pollutants are endocrine disrupters that can cause reproductive alterations. They are neurotoxic and have carcinogenic effects. Humans, by occupying the top of food chain, are subject to a high risk of contamination by these compounds. In this study, we determined the levels of PBDEs and PCBs in different fish species from the Ilha Grande Bay, located in the southern state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PCBs were the predominant pollutants and PBDEs levels were below the limit of quantification. PCBs concentrations were found in the different tissues of fish at concentrations ranging from 2.29 to 27.60 ng g(-1) wet wt in muscles and from 3.41 to 34.22 ng g(-1) wet wt in livers. PCB-87 was the major congener detected, with a mean concentration of 34.22 ng g(-1) wet wt in croaker samples. Correlations were established between the concentration of PCBs and biometric variables of the fish individuals, such as length and fat content, and a statistical variation due seasonality was also observed.
Vondráčková, Ilona. "Zhodnocení obsahu PCB a PBDE v rostlinných bioindikátorech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216534.
Full textSilva, Murilo Pazin. "Avaliação da toxicidade dos congêneres BDE-47 e BDE-99 de éter de bifenilas polibromadas (PBDEs) utilizando ensaios mitocondriais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-09042014-093150/.
Full textPolybrominated biphenyls ethers (PBDE) , widely used as flame retardants, have been detected in human blood, adipose tissue and breast milk due to their physicochemical and high bioaccumulative properties and environmental persistence. Many studies have reported liver toxicity related to exposure to PBDEs. As cytotoxic effects are often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,in the present study, we investigated the toxicity of the BDE-47 and BDE-99 on isolated rat liver mitochondria. Assessing mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption, interaction with the mitochondrial membrane, calcium release, mitochondrial swelling and ATP levels of the mitochondrial suspension in order to observe the ability of the compounds to interfere with the bioenergetic organelle, and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), GSH/GSSG levels, mitochondrial sulfhydryl groups and levels of mitochondrial NAD(P)H in order to analyze mitochondrial redox state. The congeners BDE-47 and BDE -99 were evaluated at concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 50 ?mol/L. Both PBDEs congeners showed mitochondrial toxicity affecting all parameters that assess mitochondrial bioenergetics and culminating with ATP depletion. On the other hand, no effect was observed in tests assessing oxidative stress, although they were able to inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is usually reflected in an accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These results are explained by the mechanism of action of this compounds as flame retardants, because during the combustion brominated flame retardants perform the neutralization of free radicals (OHo and Ho). It follows that PBDEs can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and thus induce bioenergetic cell death. It was also observed that The BDE-47 showed higher toxicity than BDE-99 in the studied model
Dias, Patrick Simões. "Poluentes orgânicos persistentes na biota marinha do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-04082011-152211/.
Full textSome oceanic islands, such as São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago may be considered remote areas and preserved due to its distance from the mainland. However, these areas are not exempt from the influence of anthropogenic agents from coastal regions, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This proposal aimed to determine the occurrence and distribution of POPs in marine biota of São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Samples extractions were performed with microwave and organochlorine pesticides and PCBs/PBDES was respectively analysed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. The predominant compounds were PCBs and DDTs that presented, respectively, the maximum concentrations 127.7 and 34.37 ng g-1 to Exocoetus volitans (Flying fish), 98.15 and 8.89 ng g-1 to Sula leucogaster (Brown Booby) and 90.5 and 18.86 ng g-1 to Grapsus grapsus (Sally Lightfoot crab). The low levels of contaminants suggest a relative degree of isolation and preservation, but the occurrence and distribution profiles of PCBs supports the hypothesis that the main source of contamination in remote areas is long range atmospheric transport, and demonstrates the ubiquity of those pollutants in the marine environment.
Hazrati, Sadegh. "The signiflcance of indoor air as a source of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633125.
Full textHolma-Suutari, A. (Anniina). "Harmful agents (PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs) in Finnish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and moose (Alces alces)." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206646.
Full textTiivistelmä Suomalaisessa ruokamonitorointitutkimuksessa löydettiin kohonneita dioksiinien ja polykloorattujen bifenyylien pitoisuuksia puolivillin poron vasojen lihaksista. Se johti lisätutkimuksiin pysyvien orgaanisten yhdisteiden pitoisuuksista poron lihaksessa, maksassa ja muissa sisäelimissä. Tutkimus laajeni koskemaan myös hirven (Alces alces) lihasta ja maksaa. Väitöskirjatyö lisää tietämystä polykloorattujen dibentso-p-dioksiinien (PCDD), polykloorattujen dibentsofuraanien (PCDF), polykloorattujen bifenyylien (PCB) ja polybromattujen difenyylieettereiden (PBDE) pitoisuuksista suomalaisessa maaympäristössä ja erityisesti porossa ja hirvessä. Tutkimus antaa tietoa yhdisteille altistumisesta sekä viitteitä lajien- ja yksilöiden välisistä eroavai¬suuksista yhdisteiden kertymisessä ja niiden jakaantumisessa eri kudosten välillä. Alueellista vaihtelua yhdisteiden pitoisuuksissa selvitettiin myös. Maailman terveysjärjestön (WHO) asettamia PCDD/F- ja PCB-yhdisteiden toksisuusekvivalenttiarvoja (TEQ) tarkasteltaessa pystyttiin arvioimaan kemiallista elintarvikekelpoisuutta suhteessa EU:n antamiin sallittuihin pitoisuuksiin. Työssä havaittiin laji-, yksilö-, ikä- ja kudosspesifistä dioksiinien, dioksiinienkaltaisten PCB- ja PBDE-yhdisteiden kerääntymistä porossa ja hirvessä. Tämä on todennäköisimmin seurausta vaihtelevasta altistumisesta yhdisteille, mutta myös lajien metabolisissa toiminnoissa yksilön eri ikäkausina voi olla eroavaisuuksia. Poron istukan ja maidon havaittiin olevan tärkeitä yhdisteiden kulkeutumisessa emolta sikiölle ja vasalle. Korkeimmat dioksiinien ja dioksiinien kaltaisten PCB-yhdisteiden konsentraatiot (WHO-TEQ-pitoisuuksina) havaittiin poron vasoilla tutkimusalueella, jossa eläimet olivat laiduntaneet ainoastaan luonnonlaitumilla. Huolimatta havaituista haitta-ainepitoisuuksista todettiin, että sekä luonnostaan vähärasvaisen poron että hirvenlihan syönti on turvallista suhteellisen alhaisten dioksiinien ja dioksiininkaltaisten PCB-yhdisteiden pitoisuuksien perusteella. Poron maksa puolestaan sisälsi melko korkeita dioksiinien kaltaisten yhdisteiden pitoisuuksia, mikä voi vaikuttaa sen turvalliseen käyttöön elintarvikkeena ainakin usein syötynä. Suomalainen puolivilli poro ja villi hirvi sopivat hyvin POP-kontaminoitumisen indikaattoreiksi maaympäristössä; poron erityisesti kuvaten tilannetta maan pohjoisosissa
Leung, Siu Ying. "Accumulation of DDTs, heavy metals and PBDEs in fish collected from fish ponds and mariculture zones of the Pearl River Delta, China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/880.
Full textCalvosa, Frank. "Supercritical fluid extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from standard reference material 2585 (organic contaminants in house dust) with 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a)." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1490081841&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textKhaled, Amina. "Photodégradation des retardateurs de flamme bromés dans des matériaux textiles et plastiques." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC022/document.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the photodegradation of brominated flame retardants (BFRs): decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), TBBPA bis (allyl) ether (TBBPA-BAE) and TBBPA bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA-DBPE) in solid medium and real samples. As a first step, we characterized by liquid chromatography high-resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) the BDE-209 and its degradation products in textile samples from car seats of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) of the 1990s. Then we demonstrated that these products were formed by photodegradation. In a second step, we investigated the effect of polystyrene on the photodegradation of BDE-209, TBBPA and its derivatives and the effect of these RFBs on the photodegradation of polystyrene. Analyses carried out by chromatography and spectroscopy techniques (IR, ATR-FTIR, GC-MS, SEC) revealed significant and mutual acceleration effects. SEC (exclusion size chromatography) showed a drastic increase in chain breaks of PS. Morover, additional photoproducts that may result from PS oxidation and Br • bromination has been observed for the first time. The formation of these byproducts suggests a new PS transformation mechanism in the presence of BFR. Some of these photoproducts can migrate into water and air causing environmental pollution
Blanco, Pérez Jordi. "Study of thyroid hormone disruption by the environmental contaminant bde-99 in perinatal rats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127633.
Full textThe main human concern about the environmental pollutants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are the rising concentrations accumulated in women. The aim of the present thesis is the study of the toxicity by maternal transference of BDE-99 in the offspring. Among highlights of the results, we found that exposure to BDE-99 during the gestational period produced a delayed ossification, slight hypertrophy of the heart, and enlargement of the liver in rat fetuses. A transplacental effect of BDE-99, evidenced by the activation of nuclear hormones receptors that induce the upregulation of P450 isoforms, was also found in fetal liver correlated with an increase of reactive oxygen substances. Maternal transference of BDE-99 also produced a delay in the spatial learning task and a significant dose-response anxiolytic effect when rat pups were weaned. It was also found that the serum levels of thyroid hormones decreased and signs of hepatoxicity were observed. These results indicate a clear signal of toxicity in rat offspring by BDE-99 at levels comparable to those found in humans.
Björklund, Justina. "Brominated flame retardants and perfluoroalkyl acids in Swedish indoor microenvironments : Implications for human exposure." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63701.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Accepted. Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Barbosa, Ana Paula Moreno. "Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POPs) em toninhas (Pontoporia blainvillei; Cetacea, Pontoporiidae) acidentalmente capturadas em operações de pesca no litoral sul de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21137/tde-15062015-142652/.
Full textPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are accumulated in fatty tissues of organisms in relatively high concentrations in animals in high position of the food chain such as dolphins. The aims of this study were to evaluate the distribution and accumulation of POPs in tissues (blubber, liver, kidney and muscle) of franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) collected on the southern coast of São Paulo as well as differences/similarities between genre and sexual maturity and the transplacental transfer. The values of median concentration (ng g-1; wet weight) for 16 samples of blubber, liver, kidney and muscle, respectively, were: PCBs (987; 19,2; 5,08; 4,41); DDTs (550; 10,3; 2,67; 1,89); PBDEs (32,7; 0,230; 0,095; 0,050); Mirex (21,5; 0,457; 0,168; 0,083); HCB (15,4; <0,360; <0,360; <0,144); HCHs (<0,870; 2,20; <0,218; <0,087); Chlordanes (<1,45; <0,362; <0,362; <0,145). POPs concentrations were higher in young males followed by adult males, young females, adult females and fetuses. Maternal transfer of POPs to the fetuses was between 14 to 28% for PCBs and 19 to 45% for DDTs. Blubber showed a significant correlation with the other tissues studied for PCBs, DDTs and PBDEs suggesting its representativeness for evaluation of these POPs in franciscana dolphin.
Hassanin, Ashraf Mohamed Sami. "Sources and environmental transfers of polychlorinated dibezo -p- dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their distribution in the terrestrial environment." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431468.
Full textDach, Katharina [Verfasser], and Ellen [Akademischer Betreuer] Fritsche. "Mechanistic studies on the developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human and murine 3D in vitro models / Katharina Dach. Betreuer: Ellen Fritsche." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082033731/34.
Full textGrajciariková, Eva. "Monitoring kontaminace vody a sedimentů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216732.
Full textMöller, Axel [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruck. "Alternative Halogenated Flame Retardants versus PBDEs in the Global Marine Environment - Occurrence, Distribution and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport toward the Polar Regions / Axel Möller. Betreuer: Wolfgang Ruck." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103414801X/34.
Full textCousins, Anna Palm. "Environmental fate of chemicals released from consumer products : Multimedia modelling strategies." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89370.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript
Ortuño, García Nuria. "Descomposición térmica de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos: estudio cinético y formación de contaminantes." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/41605.
Full textClarke, Bradley, and Bradley clarke@student rmit edu au. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Australian Sewage Sludge: Environmental Monitoring and Land Application Risk Assessment." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081202.113842.
Full textGandolfi, Frédéric. "Évaluation des techniques de micro-extraction/préconcentration et d’échantillonnage passif comme outils de mesure de la contamination du milieu aquatique par des composés organo-halogénés hydrophobes émergents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4387.
Full textIn order to achieve good water quality for 2015, the water framework directives (WFD 2000/60/EC and 2013/39/EU) force European countries to monitor the quality of their aquatic environment. For this purpose, all water bodies shall be monitored for all the 33 priority substances listed in annex X of WFD (annex X, decision No 2455/2001/EC) and for which environmental quality standards (EQS) were fixed (Directive 2013/39 / EU). Among these substances, we found the short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) belonging to the class of emergent halogenated micro-pollutants. From an analytical point of view, the analysis of SCCPs and PBDEs in water is still a major challenge, either in terms of sampling or sensitivity.In respect of WFD, this thesis work has, among other things, aimed to develop a method to analyze SCCPs in water by using SPME coupled with GC/ECNI-MS. The limit of quantification below 0.2 µg.L-1 and its degree of automation makes this method a tool of choice to ensure the monitoring of the aquatic environment as required by the WFD. In addition to the traditional approach, a laboratory system for passive sampler calibration was also developed and validated to calibrate MESCO for PAHs analysis. Moreover, our participation in an inter-laboratory study, has served to test the applicability of MESCO and SR for the analysis of PBDEs in a waste water treatment plant. Finally the deployment of LDPE, SR and MESCO in Berre lagoon has yielded some encouraging results about applicability of these passive samplers to analyze SCCPs and PBDE in water
Simmons, Candice. "Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediments within the Hillsborough Bay Watershed." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4944.
Full textGeesey, Mary Sophia. "Baseline Studies of Selected Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Air of the Nandamojo Watershed, Costa Rica." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5025.
Full textDavis, Ryan C. "Fireproofing the Lawn: Reclaimed Water and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Tampa Bay." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1608.
Full textLindström, Jonna. "Dietary intake estimations of brominated flame retardants for Swedish children." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1829.
Full textThe dietary intake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) have been estimated for Swedish children. A dietary survey performed in 2003, including 4, 8-9 and 11-12 year olds, and concentrations in individual food items were combined. The food included in the study was mainly of animal origin, consisting of fish and shellfish, dairy products, meat products, eggs, animal and vegetable fats and fats from miscellaneous food products. The medium-bound intake of PBDEs (9 congeners) were estimated to 23.0 ng/day, 30.9 ng/day and 27.7 ng/day for 4, 8-9 and 11-12 years olds respectively. The corresponding estimations for HBCD were 7.94 ng/day 10.7 ng/day and 9.46 ng/day for 4, 8-9 and 11-12 years olds respectively. These results show a higher daily intake for 8-9 year olds compared with the other age groups. However, when estimating the daily intake per kg bw, the intake decreases with age. BDE-47 contributed the most to the total intake of PBDEs, with approximately 40%. The food group contributing the most to the intake of PBDEs and HBCD was fish and shellfish, of which non-Baltic fatty fish was the largest contributor. There were no considerable differences between boys and girls in any of the aspects examined. The result from this study show a lower intake of PBDEs and HBCD in Swedish children compared with children in other studies made in Europe and the United States.
Bromerade flamskyddsmedel används för att skydda brännbara material från att fatta eld, till exempel skyddas textilier och plaster i bland annat elektronik, fordon och möbler. Två typer av bromerade flamskyddsmedel är polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE) och hexabromocyklododekan (HBCD). Dessa är additiva flamskyddsmedel och blandas i materialet som ska skyddas men binder inte in i produkten och kan därför lätt läcka ut i miljön, vilket också har skett. Halter har påträffats i miljön och i biota långt från plaster där ämnena produceras eller används.
PBDE och HBCD har visats ha hormonstörande och neurotoxiska effekter i studier på råtta och mus. Thyroxinnivåerna sjunker vid exponering av PBDE och HBCD, vilket skulle kunna leda till sköldkörtelproblem och störd utveckling av bland annat hjärnan om exponering sker perinatalt. De neurotoxiska effekterna inkluderar inlärnings- och minnessvårigheter och ett förändrat beteende med hyper- och hypoaktivitet som följd.
Human exponering för PBDE och HBCD sker främst via födan och speciellt via animaliska produkter då dessa ämnen är lipofila, bioackumulerande och ofta biomagnifierande vilket gör att de påträffas i högre koncentrationer högre upp i trofinivåerna. Studier från bland annat Sverige och Finland visar att fisk och skaldjur är den största källan till intag av PBDE.
De flesta intagsberäkningar av PBDE och HBCD baseras på livsmedelskonsumtionen hos vuxna och visar följaktligen endast hur intaget ser ut för den delen av populationen. För barn, som är en av de känsligaste grupperna i populationen, finns inte många studier att tillgå, varken från Sverige eller andra delar av världen. I den här studien har därför intaget av PBDE (summan av 9 kongener) och HBCD beräknats för barn i Sverige.
I en rikstäckande kostundersökning utförd 2003 deltog barn i åldrarna 4, 8-9 och 11-12 år. De fick i en matdagbok ange sin konsumtion under fyra på varandra följande dagar. Data från denna undersökning kombinerades sedan med haltdata från olika livsmedel för att räkna ut intaget av PBDE och HBCD på individbasis. Undersökningen innefattade främst animaliska livsmedel och innehöll därför fisk och skaldjur, mejeriprodukter, köttprodukter, ägg, animaliskt och vegetabiliskt fett och fett från övriga livsmedel.
Resultaten visar att födointaget av PBDE var 23,0 ng/dag, 30,9 ng/dag och 27,7 ng/dag för 4, 8-9 respektive 11-12 åringar. Intaget av HBCD beräknades till 7,94 ng/dag, 10,7 ng/dag och 9,46 ng/dag för 4, 8-9 respektive 11-12 åringar. Detta visar att 8-9 åringar har det högsta dagliga intaget av PBDE och HBCD. När intaget beräknas på kroppsvikt däremot, har de yngsta barnen det högsta intaget som sedan sjunker med åldern. Fisk och skaldjur var den största källan till intaget av PBDE och HBCD, trots att konsumtionen av dessa livsmedel var relativt lågt. Det fanns ingen större skillnad mellan pojkar och flickor, varken i intag av PBDE eller av HBCD. Jämfört med de få studier som gjorts i andra länder, är det tydligt att svenska barn har ett lägre intag av PBDE och HBCD.
Undersökningen tyder också på att intaget av PBDE och HBCD hos svenska barn, utifrån de kunskaper vi har idag, inte utgör någon risk med avseende på de effekter av PBDE och HBCD som påträffats i toxikologiska studier. Däremot är barn i ett känsligt skede i livet och upprepad exponering samt exponering för flera miljögifter samtidigt skulle kunna påverka deras utveckling negativt.