Relevant bibliographies by topics / PBD

Academic literature on the topic 'PBD'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PBD"

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Adedayo, Sosina. "Need Assessment of Farmers in Crop-Livestock Production Systems in Ido Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.02.2730.

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Agricultural projects and programmes funded by governments and donor agencies often failed to achieve the desired set objective(s) at the system levels. The study tries to assess the existing production practices with a view of coming up with a consensus farmer need in a crop-livestock production system at Ido Local Government Area (LGA). The study used a three-stage-sampling technique to elicit information from 225 respondents. Ido Local Government Area was purposively selected for the study. Three cells were randomly selected for the research, three villages were randomly selected in each cell and twenty-five farmers were selected using the snowball selection technique. The data obtained from the Participatory Rural Appraisal were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The pairwise ranking tool helped in determining the importance of the identified problems from the FGD in the study area. The researcher identified the following problems (Pb) from the focus group discussion; inadequate capital for livestock production (Pb1), poor housing for livestock (Pb2), inadequate nutrition for livestock (Pb3), diseases of crops (Pb4), livestock and predatory attack on crops (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of percentage of Pb1 versus (vs) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb1 vs Pb4 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb5 was 12/88%, Pb2 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs Pb4 was 32/68%, Pb3 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, vs Pb4 vs Pb5 was 20/80% respectively. The ultimate farmers’ problem in crop-livestock production systems (CLPS) that needs immediate intervention and technical assistance was inadequate capital as perceived from the responses of the farmers.
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Mendoza-Wilson, Ana María, and René Renato Balandrán-Quintana. "Effect of Constituent Units, Type of Interflavan Bond, and Conformation on the Antioxidant Properties of Procyanidin Dimers: A Computational Outlook." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3535148.

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Procyanidin (PC) dimers are powerful antioxidants, abundant in plant tissues, and also bioavailable. However, the role of the molecular structure of PCs on their antioxidant properties is still a controversial and not fully understood issue that needs to be addressed in a more specific way. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the constituent units, type of interflavan bond, and conformation on the antioxidant properties of PC dimers including PB3, PB4, PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8, using the density functional theory (DFT) computational method. The analysis was performed in function of parameters that allow determining the ability of the molecules to transfer or to capture electrons, among which the chemical potential, bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), gap energy, Fukui indices, and charge distribution of HOMO-LUMO orbitals. The factors that showed the most notable effects on the antioxidant properties of the PC dimers were the type of interflavan bond and the conformation. The antioxidant ability of the dimers PB3 and PB4 containing the interflavan bond C4–C8, in their Compact conformation, was very similar to each other but greater than those of dimers PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8 containing the C4–C6 interflavan bond. PB8 showed the lowest antioxidant ability.
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Lin, Peter H., Debra Leslie, Mary Levine, Garth Davis, and Caldwell Esselstyn. "Plant-Based Diet Reverses Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease." International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/ijdrp.2020v2n1a53.

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OBJECtIVE: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by impaired arterial circulation to the extremities caused in part by atherosclerosis. This study examined the effect of a plant-based diet (PBD) on vascular function in PAD patients.METHODs: Patients with PaD were randomized to plant-based dietary intervention (PBD group, n = 24) or no specific dietary advice (control group, n = 28). Biochemical parameters, including lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers, and nitric oxide were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention. Vascular function including brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness(IMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and brachial-ankle PWV were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention.RESULTS: Biochemical parameters were similar at baseline between the 2 groups. There was no change in any of the biochemical parameters in the control group at 4 months. However, patients in the PBD group had a significant improvement in lipid profile, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein a1 (APO-A1) levels. Greater nitric oxide and reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were found in the PBD group at 4 months, whereas there were no changes in the control group. at baseline, FMD was similar between the 2 groups. after 4 months, PBD participants showed significant endothelial function improvement in FMD response and arterial stiffness response, with increased carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle PWV compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A plant-based diet improves vascular endothelial function in PaD patients following 4 months of dietary intervention. This dietary intervention can result in decreased serum cholesterol and inflammatory biomarkers, which may further enhance vascular endothelial function. KEYWORDS: Plant-based diet; Vascular endothelial function; Flow-mediated dilation; Brachial artery reactivity test
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Sosina, A. O., and O. J. Babayemi. "Assessment of farmers' needs in Ibarapa East Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1352.

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Government and non-government organizations (NGOs) interventions to local farmers in the recent past had not yielded the desired result because these interventions were not tailored towards the needs of farmers. However, most information on the needs of target farmers have been very scanty thus, the need to use a bottom top approach to assess farmers' needs in Ibarapa East, Oyo state. A three-stage sampling technique was used to purposively select about 225 respondents. Parameters measured were household characteristics, farm sizes, farm labor availability, seasonal pattern and need to be assessed using a participatory rural appraisal approach comprising of focus group discussion (FGD) and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and the need assessed using the pair-wise ranking and simple matrix. Of challenges listed in FDG among crop-livestock farmers, only five (5) were prioritized as follows; wastage of agricultural products (Pb1), bad road network (Pb2), high cost of agricultural inputs (Pb3), lack of potable water (Pb4) and animal invasion (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of the percentage of Pb1 versus (vs.) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs. Pb3 was 90/10%, Pb1 vs. Pb4 was 70/30%, Pb1 vs. Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs. Pb3 was 70/30%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 30/70%, Pb2 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, Pb3 vs. Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, vs. Pb4 vs Pb5 was 30/70%, respectively. There were proffered solutions to the problem(s) itemized by the FGD. The animal invasion was ranked highest as farmers' need assessed for possible intervention in Ibarapa East. Governments and NGO funds should be addressing animal invasion for desirable project impact assessment. Les interventions des gouvernements et des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) auprès des agriculteurs locaux dans un passé récent n'avaient pas donné le résultat souhaité car ces interventions n'étaient pas adaptées aux besoins des agriculteurs. Cependant, la plupart des informations sur les besoins des agriculteurs cibles ont été très rares, ce qui nécessite d'utiliser une approche ascendante pour évaluer les besoins des agriculteurs de l'est d'Ibarapa, dans l'État d'Oyo. Une technique d'échantillonnage en trois étapes a été utilisée pour sélectionner environ 225 répondants. Les paramètres mesurés étaient les caractéristiques des ménages, la taille des exploitations, la disponibilité de la main-d'oeuvre agricole, le profil saisonnier. Ils doivent être évalués à l'aide d'une approche d'évaluation rurale participative comprenant des discussions de groupe et un questionnaire structuré. Les données ont été analysées de manière descriptive et le besoin évalué en utilisant le classement par paires et une matrice simple. Parmi les défis énumérés dans le 'FDG' chez les agriculteurs et les éleveurs, seuls cinq (5) ont été classés comme suit; gaspillage des produits agricoles (le 'Pb' 1), mauvais réseau routier (le 'Pb' 2), coût élevé des intrants agricoles (le 'Pb' 3), manque d'eau potable (le 'Pb' 4) et invasion animale (le 'Pb' 5). La comparaison par paire du pourcentage de 'Pb' 1 versus (vs) 'Pb' 2 était de 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 était de 90/10%, Pb1 vs Pb4 était de 70/30%, Pb1 vs Pb5 était de 20/80% Pb2 vs Pb3 était de 70/30%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb4' était de 30/70%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb' 5 était de 10/90%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 4 était de 20/80%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 5 etaient 10/90%,vs le 'Pb' 4 vs le 'Pb'5 était respectivement de 30/70%. Des solutions ont été proposées au (x) problème (s) détaillé (s) par le FGD. L'invasion animale a été classée au premier rang des besoins des agriculteurs évalués pour une éventuelle intervention à l'Estd'Ibarapa. Les gouvernements et les fonds d'ONG devraient s'attaquer à l'invasion animale pour une évaluation de l'impact souhaitable du projet.
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Liu, Chang, Jian-Wen Lu, Zhao-Qing Du, Xue-Min Liu, Yi Lv, and Xu-Feng Zhang. "Association of Preoperative Biliary Drainage with Postoperative Morbidity after Pancreaticoduodenectomy." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/796893.

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Background. The advantages or disadvantages of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remain unclear.Methods. A prospectively maintained database was queried for 335 consecutive patients undergoing standard PD surgery between 2009 and 2013. Clinical data and postoperative complications of the 47 patients receiving PBD and 288 patients with early surgery were compared. A matching analysis was also performed between patients receiving or not receiving PBD (no-PBD).Results. The indication for PBD was severe obstructive jaundice (81%) and cholangitis (26%) at the time of PBD. 47 PBD patients had higher bilirubin level than 288 no-PBD patients preoperatively (363.2 μmol/L versus 136.0 μmol/L,p<0.001). Although no significant difference of any complications could be observed between the two groups, positive intraoperative bile culture and wound infection seemed to be moderately increased in PBD compared to no-PBD patients (p=0.084and 0.183, resp.). In the matched-pair comparison, the incidence of wound infection was three times higher in PBD than no-PBD patients (14.9% versus 4.3%,p=0.080).Conclusions. PBD seems to moderately increase the risk of postoperative wound and bile duct infection. Therefore, PBD should be selectively performed prior to PD.
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Donfrancesco, Renato, Michela Di Trani, Elda Andriola, Daniela Leone, Maria G. Torrioli, Francesca Passarelli, and Melissa P. DelBello. "Bipolar Disorder in Children With ADHD: A Clinical Sample Study." Journal of Attention Disorders 21, no. 9 (July 11, 2014): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054714539999.

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Objective: To explore the impact of early-onset bipolar disorder (pediatric bipolar disorder [PBD]) on ADHD. Method: We compared ADHD symptom severity, ADHD subtype distribution, and rates of comorbid and familial psychiatric disorders between 49 ADHD children with comorbid PBD and 320 ADHD children without PBD. Results: Children with ADHD and PBD showed higher scores in the Hyperactive and Inattentive subscales of the ADHD Rating Scale, than children with ADHD alone. The frequency of combined subtype was significantly higher in ADHD children with PBD, than in those with ADHD alone. ADHD children with PBD showed a higher rate of familial psychiatric disorders than ADHD children without PBD. The rate of conduct disorder was significantly greater in children with PBD and ADHD compared with children with ADHD alone. Conclusion: ADHD along with PBD presents with several characteristics that distinguish it from ADHD alone, suggesting that these may be distinct disorders.
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Cordeiro, Mara L., Antonio C. Farias, Peter C. Whybrow, Erico P. G. Felden, Alexandre Cunha, Vilmar da Veiga, Cássia R. Benko, and James T. McCracken. "Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis of Screening Tools for Bipolar Disorder Comorbid With ADHD in Schoolchildren." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 10 (December 29, 2015): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715620897.

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Objective: We compared Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)-AAA (Attention Problems, Aggressive Behavior, and Anxious/Depressed) and Parent–Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS) profiles in Brazilian children with ADHD, pediatric-onset bipolar disorder (PBD), and PBD + ADHD. Method: Following analyses of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests with multiple-comparison Least Significant Difference (LSD) or Dunn’s Tests, thresholds were determined by Mann–Whitney U Tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots. Results: Relative to ADHD, PBD and PBD + ADHD groups scored higher on the Anxious/Depressed, Thought Problems, Rule-Breaking, and Aggressive Behavior subscales and Conduct/Delinquency Diagnostic Scale of the CBCL; all three had similar attention problems. The PBD and PBD + ADHD groups scored higher than the ADHD and healthy control (HC) groups on all CBCL problem scales. The AAA-profile ROC had good diagnostic prediction of PBD + ADHD. PBD and PBD-ADHD were associated with (similarly) elevated P-YMRS scores. Conclusion: The CBCL-PBD and P-YMRS can be used to screen for manic behavior and assist in differential diagnosis.
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Ferguson, Lindsay, Sanjib Bhakta, Keith R. Fox, Geoff Wells, and Federico Brucoli. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel C8-Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Adenosine Conjugate. A Study on the Role of the PBD Ring in the Biological Activity of PBD-Conjugates." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051243.

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Here we sought to evaluate the contribution of the PBD unit to the biological activity of PBD-conjugates and, to this end, an adenosine nucleoside was attached to the PBD A-ring C8 position. A convergent approach was successfully adopted for the synthesis of a novel C8-linked pyrrolo(2,1-c)(1,4)benzodiazepine(PBD)-adenosine(ADN) hybrid. The PBD and adenosine (ADN) moieties were synthesized separately and then linked through a pentynyl linker. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a PBD connected to a nucleoside. Surprisingly, the compound showed no cytotoxicity against murine cells and was inactive against Mycobacterium aurum and M. bovis strains and did not bind to guanine-containing DNA sequences, as shown by DNase I footprinting experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the PBD–ADN conjugate was poorly accommodated in the DNA minor groove of two DNA sequences containing the AGA-PBD binding motif, with the adenosine moiety of the ligand preventing the covalent binding of the PBD unit to the guanine amino group of the DNA duplex. These interesting findings shed further light on the ability of the substituents attached at the C8 position of PBDs to affect and modulate the biological and biophysical properties of PBD hybrids.
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Shi, Jishu, Guolong Zhang, Hua Wu, Christopher Ross, Frank Blecha, and Tomas Ganz. "Porcine Epithelial β-Defensin 1 Is Expressed in the Dorsal Tongue at Antimicrobial Concentrations." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 3121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.6.3121-3127.1999.

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ABSTRACT Epithelial cells and phagocytes contain antimicrobial polypeptides that participate in innate host defense. A recently cloned porcine β-defensin, PBD-1, was detected by Northern organ blots exclusively in the tongue epithelium. We generated recombinant PBD-1 peptide by using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system and obtained two forms (PBD-142 and PBD-138), which differed by N-terminal truncation. Only PBD-142 was found in scrapings of the surface of the dorsal tongue or the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining with antibody to PBD-142revealed that PBD-1 was highly concentrated in an ∼0.1-mm-thick layer in the cornified tips of the filiform (but not fungiform) papillae of the dorsal tongue and in the superficial squamous cell layers of the buccal mucosa. By scraping, extraction, and semiquantitative Western blotting, the concentration of PBD-1 in the dorsal tongue surface and the buccal mucosa was estimated at 20 to 100 μg/ml. PBD-1 had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Candida albicans in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Added NaCl progressively inhibited the activity of PBD-1 againstE. coli and C. albicans. In 10 mM sodium phosphate with 125 mM NaCl, the combinations of sublethal concentrations of PBD-1 and the porcine neutrophil peptide PG-3, PR-39, or PR-26 showed synergistic activity against E. coli or the multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium DT104. At its physiologic concentration, PBD-1 has antimicrobial effects under both low- and high-salt conditions encountered in the oral cavity and may contribute to the antimicrobial barrier properties of the dorsal tongue and oral epithelium.
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URBONIENĖ, Ramunė, Loreta KELPŠAITĖ, and Ingrida BORISENKO. "VEGETATION IMPACT ON THE DUNE STABILITY AND FORMATION ON THE LITHUANIAN COAST OF THE BALTIC SEA." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 23, no. 3 (September 29, 2015): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2015.1009079.

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The aim of this study was to estimate vegetation coverage impact on the sandy beach and protective beach dune ridge (PBD) formation. Studies of the Lithuanian Baltic Sea coastal morphometric parameters and vegetation coverage projection were carried out from 1999 to 2011. In order to evaluate the dependence of the beach and the PBD morphometric parameters on the projection of vegetation coverage changes, correlation analyses were performed. A very strong link between vegetation projection coverage of the PBD top and beach width and incline of the eastern slope of PBD, and western slope vegetation projection coverage with the incline of the western slope of PBD were observed. A strong correlation relationship was observed between vegetation projection coverage of the PBD top and width of the PBD top. A medium relationship was noted between vegetation projection coverage of the PBD top with the width of the eastern slope. A negative relationship was noticed between the PBD western slope vegetation projection coverage and beach width. It may be admitted that the projection coverage of vegetation may be used as PBD’s parameter of stability as well as in the implementation of integrated coastal zone management.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PBD"

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Smellie, Melissa. "Molecular and cellular pharmacology of rationally designed PBD dimers." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261402.

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Burger, A. M., Paul M. Loadman, D. E. Thurston, R. Schultz, H. H. Fiebig, and Michael C. Bibby. "Preclinical pharmacology of the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) monomer DRH-417 (NSC 709119)." Italian Society of Chemotherapy and the Italian Federation of Human and Animal Mycopathology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4571.

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no
The pyrrolobenzodiazepine monomer DRH-417 is a member of the anthramycin group of anti-tumor antibiotics that bind covalently to the N2 of guanine within the minor groove of DNA. DRH-417 emerged from the EORTC-Drug Discovery Committee and NCI 60 cell line in vitro screening programs as a potent antiproliferative agent with differential sensitivity towards certain cancer types such as melanoma, breast and renal cell carcinoma (mean IC(50) = 3 nM). DRH-417 was therefore tested for in vivo activity. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was established as 0.5 mg/kg given i.p. Marked anti-tumor activity was seen in two human renal cell cancers, one breast cancer and a murine colon tumor model (p<0.01). A selective HPLC (LC/MS) analytical method was developed and plasma pharmacokinetics determined. At a dose of 0.5 mg kg(-1), the plasma AUC was 540 nM h (197.1 ng h ml(-1)) and the peak plasma concentration (171 nM [62.4 ng ml(-1)]) occurred at 30 min., reaching doses levels well above those needed for in vitro antiproliferative activity. Genomic profiling of in vivo sensitive tumors revealed that the latter have an activated insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.
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Chrisospathis, Aristomenis 1969. "A new approach in blade shape adjustment in PBD-14 design mode." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8606.

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Thesis (S.M. and Nav.E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70).
The purpose of this study is to develop a more efficient and robust algorithm for adjusting the blade shape as a part of a coupled lifting-surface design/analysis code for marine propulsors developed at MIT, known as PBD-14. The algorithm for adjusting the blade shape in the current version of PBD-14 works satisfactorily in most cases. However, with more complex schemes such as ducted propulsors and/or higher load distributions, the process has to be carefully monitored by the user and the blade surface can develop corrugations in the spanwise direction. A different approach investigated in this study is based on an idea of aligning the blade shape by tracing streamlines. In order to satisfy the kinematic boundary condition, the final blade shape has to exactly match the streamlines of the flow field in which the propeller blade operates. The algorithm that is developed traces streamlines by calculating the total velocity on a grid of points and then exactly fits the blade on this grid of points. Initial tests of this algorithm have demonstrated its robustness by producing accurate blade shapes both in uniform and in more complicated flow fields. Finally, propeller fabrication is investigated, and tolerance issues as well as propeller inspection methods, traditional and modem, are examined. A cost analysis is performed that investigates the economic impact of manufacturing an example propeller according to a certain tolerance system.
by Aristomenis Chrisospathis.
S.M.and Nav.E.
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Hipps, Henry. "Developing a continuous emulsion PBD-Graft-SAN polymerization process: factors for morphology control." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10973.

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Gamom, Ngounou Ewo Roland Christian. "Déploiement d'applications parallèles sur une architecture distribuée matériellement reconfigurable." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0773/document.

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Parmi les cibles architecturales susceptibles d'être utilisées pour réaliser un système de traitement sur puce (SoC), les architectures reconfigurables dynamiquement (ARD) offrent un potentiel de flexibilité et de dynamicité intéressant. Cependant ce potentiel est encore difficile à exploiter pour réaliser des applications massivement parallèles sur puce. Dans nos travaux nous avons recensé et analysé les solutions actuellement proposées pour utiliser les ARD et nous avons constaté leurs limites parmi lesquelles : l'utilisation d'une technologie particulière ou d'architecture propriétaire, l'absence de prise en compte des applications parallèles, le passage à l'échelle difficile, l'absence de langage adopté par la communauté pour l'utilisation de la flexibilité des ARD, ...Pour déployer une application sur une ARD il est nécessaire de considérer l'hétérogénéité et la dynamicité de l'architecture matérielle d'une part et la parallélisation des traitements d'autre part. L'hétérogénéité permet d'avoir une architecture de traitement adaptée aux besoins fonctionnels de l'application. La dynamicité permet de prendre en compte la dépendance des applications au contexte et de la nature des données. Finalement, une application est naturellement parallèle.Dans nos travaux nous proposons une solution pour le déploiement sur une ARD d'une application parallèle en utilisant les flots de conception standard des SoC. Cette solution est appelée MATIP (MPI Application Task Integreation Platform) et utilise des primitives du standard MPI version 2 pour effectuer les communications et reconfigurer l'architecture de traitement. MATIP est une solution de déploiement au niveau de la conception basée plate-forme (PBD).La plateforme MATIP est modélisée en trois couches : interconnexion, communication et application. Nous avons conçu chaque couche pour que l'ensemble satisfasse les besoins en hétérogénéité et dynamicité des applications parallèles . Pour cela MATIP utilise une architecture à mémoire distribuée et exploite le paradigme de programmation parallèle par passage de message qui favorise le passage à l'échelle de la plateforme.MATIP facilite le déploiement d'une application parallèle sur puce à travers un template en langage Vhdl d'intégration de tâches. L'utilisation des primitives de communication se fait en invoquant des procédures Vhdl.MATIP libère le concepteur de tous les détails liés à l'interconnexion, la communication entre les tâches et à la gestion de la reconfiguration dynamique de la cible matérielle. Un démonstrateur de MATIP a été réalisée sur des FPGA Xilinx à travers la mise en oe{}uvre d'une application constituée de deux tâches statiques et deux tâches dynamiques. MATIP offre une bande passante de 2,4 Gb/s et une la latence pour le transfert d'un octet de 3,43 µs ce qui comparée à d'autres plateformes MPI (TMD-MPI, SOC-MPI, MPI HAL) met MATIP à l'état de l'art
Among the architectural targets that could be buid a system on chip (SoC), dynamically reconfigurable architectures (DRA) offer interesting potential for flexibility and dynamicity . However this potential is still difficult to use in massively parallel on chip applications. In our work we identified and analyzed the solutions currently proposed to use DRA and found their limitations including: the use of a particular technology or proprietary architecture, the lack of parallel applications consideration, the difficult scalability, the lack of a common language adopted by the community to use the flexibility of DRA ...In our work we propose a solution for deployment on an DRA of a parallel application using standard SoC design flows. This solution is called MATIP ( textit {MPI Application Platform Task Integreation}) and uses primitives of MPI standard Version 2 to make communications and to reconfigure the MP-RSoC architecture . MATIP is a Platform-Based Design (PBD) level solution.The MATIP platform is modeled in three layers: interconnection, communication and application. Each layer is designed to satisfies the requirements of heterogeneity and dynamicity of parallel applications. For this, MATIP uses a distributed memory architecture and utilizes the message passing parallel programming paradigm to enhance scalability of the platform.MATIP frees the designer of all the details related to interconnection, communication between tasks and management of dynamic reconfiguration of the hardware target. A demonstrator of MATIP was performed on Xilinx FPGA through the implementation of an application consisting of two static and two dynamic hardware tasks. MATIP offers a bandwidth of 2.4 Gb / s and latency of 3.43 microseconds for the transfer of a byte. Compared to other MPI platforms (TMD-MPI, SOC-MPI MPI HAL), MATIP is in the state of the art
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Kaliszczak, Maciej. "Rational design of pyrrolobenzodiazepine derivatives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4923.

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Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) derivatives interact with the minor-groove of DNA to form mono-adducts (monomers) or cross-links (dimers). They show remarkable activity in vitro and in vivo in a wide range of tumour types and one dimer, SJG-136 is currently in clinical development. Preclinical studies have shown that SJG-136 is a P-gp substrate limiting its anti-tumour activity. The work presented in this thesis identifies key physicochemical properties influencing both the interaction of PBDs with ABC transporters P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP and their growth inhibitory potency. A testable hypothesis for further optimisation of PBDs is proposed. The biological activity of 4 dimers and 12 monomers was assessed using several in vitro models presenting differential expression of ABC transporters. Biological endpoints were the growth inhibitory effect determined using a sulforhodamine B assay and γ-H2AX foci formation. In addition PBD transport was evaluated using a Caco-2 transwell assay. P-gp substrate specificity was restricted to dimers. The MW, the number of (N+O) atoms (>8), a polar surface area (>75 Ǻ2) and hydrogen bonding energy (>10) could discriminate substrates among the PBDs. P-gp polymorphism was also evaluated. The mutation in position 2677 (G/T) was associated with reduced sensitivity to the PBDs. When combined mutations in position 3435/2677 were linked, the transporter abrogated this apparent gain of function. The impact of MRP1 was identified for all dimers and 1/12 monomers. In addition, the cooperative role of glutathione in the resistance mediated by MRP1 to the PBDs was revealed. The presence of a carbonyl moiety at the extremity was shown to discriminate the 7 substrate for MRP1 among the monomers. A structure-activity-relationship study showed that negatively charged (N+O) atoms and a greater number of aromatic rings confer greater dependency to BCRP. BCRP polymorphism was also evaluated. The T482 mutant was associated with an increase in drug transport. The cytotoxicity of the PBDs correlated to the interaction of the DNA as measured by ΔTm. Compounds, being non surface active, with a greater polar surface area and number of aromatic rings and a lower solvent accessible surface area were associated with a greater cytotoxicity. Van-der-waals energy and the electrostatic forces were identified in silico as predictable features involved in the DNA binding. New PBDs were designed and were predicted to be associated with a greater affinity for DNA and with minimal interaction with ABC transporters.
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Hai, Bin. "Development and Implementation of New In Situ Techniques for the Study of Interfacial Phenomena." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1259695728.

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Hawkins, Rachel Marina. "Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel PBD-heterocycle and conjugates as potential transcription factor binding inhibitors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498774.

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Lobo, Junior Marco Aurélio. "Design para a competitividade no Brasil: o caso do Projeto Design Export." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23983.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design, 2017.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o design para a competitividade internacional de produtos brasileiros, tendo como estudo de caso o Projeto Design Export, da Agência Brasileira de Promoção das Exportações e Investimentos (Apex-Brasil). Desde o início do século XXI percebe-se que o preço competitivo e a alta qualidade do produto não são mais as garantias para manter e conquistar mercados. Destaca-se as contribuições do design para enfrentar esses novos desafios no desenvolvimento de elementos e características que identificam e diferenciam os produtos e serviços das empresas em relação aos seus competidores, tanto no mercado nacional quanto no internacional. Para isso, foi necessário pesquisar: a história recente da competitividade internacional brasileira; o Programa Brasileiro do Design (PBD) e seus resultados e consequências no setor industrial; os principais programas de apoio ao design para o aumento da competitividade, em outros países; e o papel da Apex-Brasil, na inserção do design para o aumento das exportações brasileiras, por meio dos resultados do Projeto Design Export. O trabalho em parceria dos atores envolvidos – designers, empresários, associações setoriais e gestores – esteve diretamente relacionado ao sucesso do processo de gestão do projeto, que proporcionou melhores condições de competição para as empresas exportadoras, pois demonstrou e revelou a importância da utilização do design no processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos, novas embalagens, novas marcas e novos serviços. Foram 610 empresas brasileiras sensibilizadas para o design, com 144 empresas visitadas e 114 empresas diagnosticadas quanto ao uso do design. Foram contratados 50 escritórios de design, que desenvolveram 108 projetos, em 60 cidades de 7 estados brasileiros. A experiência direta contribuiu para criar uma cultura de inovação entre as empresas brasileiras envolvidas, o que poderá resultar no aumento da excelência da produção industrial brasileira com vistas à exportação e no fomento ao mercado profissional de design e áreas afins.
The aim of the present study is to analyze the role of design in the international competitiveness of Brazilian products, through a case study from the Design Export Project from the Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (Apex-Brasil). In the beginning of the 21st century, competitive prices and higher quality of a product were not guarantees of conquering and keeping international markets. Thus, the contributions of design in the development of elements and characteristics must be noted, as they serve to identify and distinguish the companies’ products and services from their competitors. In this context, the first step was the research of four mains issues: the recent story of the Brazilian international competitiveness; the Brazilian Design Program, its results and consequences in the industrial sector; the most important design support programs to improve competitiveness abroad; and the role of the Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency in the insertion of design in the development of Brazilian exports through the Design Export Project. The partnership between designers, entrepreneurs, trade associations and project managers was directly related with the success of the Project administration, which supplied better competitive conditions to the involved export companies. In such way, the project showed and revealed the importance of using design in the development process of new products, packages, brands and services. Out of 610 companies that were made aware of the importance of design, 144 companies were visited and 144 companies were alerted to the importance of the proper use of design. 50 design agencies were hired, developing 108 projects in 60 cities of 7 Brazilian states. Such direct experience contributed to the creation of a culture of innovation within the companies involved. This culture will possibly result in an increase of the excellence of Brazilian industrial export production, and in the stimulation of the market of design and its related areas.
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Thompson, Thaddeus. "Rheological Study of Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behavior for Silica-Reinforced Polybutadiene and Polystyrene." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1134566032.

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Books on the topic "PBD"

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Smellie, Melissa. Molecular and cellular pharmacology of rationally designed PBD dimers. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 1995.

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Handbook of PI and PID controller tuning rules. 3rd ed. London: Imperial College Press, 2009.

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Handbook of PI and PID controller tuning rules. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2003.

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Malova, O. V., and V. A. Pogosyan. TERMINOLOGY OF EARLY FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION. Saint Petersburg: Knizhnyi Dom LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/pbh.978.5.94777.424.5.

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Пигров, Константин Семенович, ed. ВПЕРЕД, МЕЧТА… От стихии современного информационного общества к горизонтам общества знания. Санкт-Петербург: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Книжный дом», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/pbh.978.5.94777.430.6.

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Lypkan, T. V., and N. L. Fedotova. Theoretical phonetics. Graphics. Spelling. Textbook for foreign students-bachelors of Philology. Part I. Санкт-Петербург: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Книжный дом», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/pbh.978.5.94777.429.0.

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Christine, Lebon, ed. Essence d'architectures: PBO Architecture. Paris: Archibooks, 2015.

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Tore, Hägglund, and Åström Karl J. 1934-, eds. PID controllers. 2nd ed. Research Triangle Park, N.C: International Society for Measurement and Control, 1995.

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Tore, Hägglund, and Instrument Society of America, eds. Automatic tuning of PID controllers. Research Triangle Park, NC: Instrument Society of America, 1988.

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Lalić, Vojislav. Pad. Beograd: Zavet, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "PBD"

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Tang, Alan. "PbD for AI Solutions." In Privacy in Practice, 369–78. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003225089-31.

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Tang, Alan. "PbD in Marketing Practices." In Privacy in Practice, 293–327. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003225089-28.

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Peng, Kun, and Feng Bao. "Correction, Optimisation and Secure and Efficient Application of PBD Shuffling." In Information Security and Cryptology, 425–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01440-6_31.

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Hartley, John A. "Preclinical Evaluation of ADCs Delivering Highly Potent Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Dimers." In Next Generation Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Immunotoxins, 29–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46877-8_2.

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Bain, C. D., P. B. Davies, and T. H. Ong. "Vibrational Spectroscopy of Monolayers by Pulsed Photothermal Beam Deflection (PBD)." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena III, 158–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47269-8_39.

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Pillow, Thomas H., and Moana Tercel. "CHAPTER 11. Duocarmycin–PBD Dimers as Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads." In Cytotoxic Payloads for Antibody–Drug Conjugates, 241–58. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788012898-00241.

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Thurston, David E. "Advances in the Study of Pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) Antitumour Antibiotics." In Molecular Aspects of Anticancer Drug-DNA Interactions, 54–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12356-8_3.

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Imthurn, Bruno, Wolfgang Berger, Ervin Macas, István Magyar, Beatrice Oneda, Anita Rauch, and Min Xie. "Polar Body Diagnosis (PBD): An Alternative and Supplement to Preimplantation Diagnosis for Single Embryo Transfer." In Screening the Single Euploid Embryo, 103–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16892-0_8.

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Horowitz, H. S., J. M. Longo, J. T. Lewandowski, and J. Murphy. "Lead Ruthenium Oxide, Pb2 [Ru2-X PbX 4+ ]O6.5." In Inorganic Syntheses, 64–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132616.ch13.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "pad." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 396. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_7329.

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Conference papers on the topic "PBD"

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Nave, Eyal Itzhak, and Ran Ginosar. "PBD." In the 23rd ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2483028.2483121.

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Handzhiyski, Lachezar V., and Kevin S. Moore. "Innovative Seismic Design using Performance-based Procedures." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2063.

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<p>In modern projects, performance based seismic design (PBD) procedures are often used to design buildings in areas of high seismic activity that meet defined performance objectives instead of prescriptive building code requirements or have certain features and configurations that are not normally permitted by the building codes. Evaluating buildings with PBD is computationally intensive and time-consuming, resulting in little opportunity for iteration during the design development phase. This paper illustrates how rigorous use of PBD can result in less expensive and more sustainable buildings that meet the intent of building codes with a higher degree of precision than typical code-compliant designs.</p><p>Several examples show the relative cost of a building designed using PBD procedures compared with that of a conventional code-based design. The first example compares a PBD concrete core-only system with a code- based dual system comprising concrete core walls and moment frames. The second example presents direct benefit resulting from PBD, reducing vertical and confining steel reinforcing in concrete wall buildings. The third example shows PBD reducing column and foundation demands in structural steel braced frame buildings. Project stakeholders can use the presented data to evaluate the economic viability of PBD for their structures.</p>
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"Message from the PBD 2011 Workshop Organizers." In 2011 Sixth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2011.9.

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Augusti, G., M. Ciampoli, and F. Petrini. "Reliability of Structural Systems Under Wind Action." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12357.

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The most rational way of assessing and reducing the risks of building constructions and infrastructures subject to natural and man-made hazards is Performance-Based Design, usually indicated by the acronym PBD; this applies to both design of new facilities and rehabilitation or retrofitting of the existing ones. The basic concept of PBD has been applied for almost 30 years in the nuclear power plant industry; later, PBD has been formalized and developed primarily in seismic engineering but has been extended to other engineering field, like Blast Engineering and Fire Engineering. Also wind engineering has appeared of great potential interest for further developments of PBD. The first steps in this direction go back to an Italian research project, in which the expression “Performance-Based Wind Engineering” (PBWE) was coined. In this paper, an approach to PBWE is illustrated and applied to an example case: the assessment of the collapse and out-of-service risks of a long span suspension bridge.
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Vlahov, Iontcho, Longwu Qi, Hari K. Santhapuram, Garth Parham, Kevin Wang, Jeremy F. Vaughn, Spencer J. Hahn, et al. "Abstract 216:pro-Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (pro-PBD) bioconjugates, the legacy: Design and synthesis ofpro-PBD conjugates containing self-immolative substituted disulfide linkers." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-216.

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Zammarchi, Francesca, David Williams, Karin Havenith, Francois D'Hooge, Philip W. Howard, John A. Hartley, and Patrick van Berkel. "Abstract 637: Preclinical activity of hLL2-PBD, a novel anti-CD22 antibody-pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) conjugate in models of non-Hodgkin lymphoma." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-637.

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Vlahov, Iontcho, Longwu Qi, Hari K. Santhapuram, Garth Parham, Kevin Wang, Jeremy F. Vaughn, Spencer J. Hahn, et al. "Abstract 216:pro-Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (pro-PBD) bioconjugates, the legacy: Design and synthesis ofpro-PBD conjugates containing self-immolative substituted disulfide linkers." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-216.

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Wu, Yilong, and Chang Yu. "Real-time Physics Engine Based on MPM and PBD." In 2020 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualization (ICVRV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvrv51359.2020.00078.

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Chapagai, Danda P., Merissa Baxter, Gurusankar Ramamoorthy, Campbell McInnes, and Michael Wyatt. "Abstract 4712: Selective polo-like kinase 1 PBD inhibitor." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-4712.

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Chapagai, Danda P., Merissa Baxter, Gurusankar Ramamoorthy, Campbell McInnes, and Michael Wyatt. "Abstract 4712: Selective polo-like kinase 1 PBD inhibitor." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4712.

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Reports on the topic "PBD"

1

Michael, Thad J. Evaluation and Improvement of the PBD-X/MTFLOW Propulsor Analysis Software. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada512363.

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Harruna, Issifu I., and Malcolm B. Polk. Molecular Control of Liquid Crystalline Orientation of PBO and PBT. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251214.

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Sullivan, Gregg K. Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Measurements Using an Image Analysis System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/818148.

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Marks, Tobin J., and Stephen H. Carr. PBT (Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole)) PBO (Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole))-Based Hybrid Polymers with Nonlinear Optical Properties or High Electrical Conductivity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177213.

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Brown, Cameron. PhD Defense. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1887110.

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Solomon, Jr, O M. PSD computations using Welch's method. [Power Spectral Density (PSD)]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5688766.

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T. Saltikov. GENERATOR PAD FOUNDATIONS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862241.

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Kuhn, D. Richard. PBX vulnerability analysis :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-24.

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W. L. Jolley. Site Cleanup Report for Sites PBF-33 and PBF-34. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/912629.

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Shumway, Dean A., Kimberly S. Corbin, Magdoleen H. Farah, Kelly E. Viola, Tarek Nayfeh, Samer Saadi, Vishal Shah, et al. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer259.

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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of partial breast irradiation (PBI) compared with whole breast irradiation (WBI) for early-stage breast cancer, and how differences in effectiveness and harms may be influenced by patient, tumor, and treatment factors, including treatment modality, target volume, dose, and fractionation. We also evaluated the relative financial toxicity of PBI versus WBI. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to June 30, 2022. Review methods. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that enrolled adult women with early-stage breast cancer who received one of six PBI modalities: multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy, single-entry catheter brachytherapy (also known as intracavitary brachytherapy), 3-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton radiation therapy, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Pairs of independent reviewers screened and appraised studies. Results. Twenty-three original studies with 17,510 patients evaluated the comparative effectiveness of PBI, including 14 RCTs, 6 comparative observational studies, and 3 single-arm observational studies. PBI was not significantly different from WBI in terms of ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR), overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (high strength of evidence [SOE]). Evidence for cosmetic outcomes was insufficient. Results were generally consistent when PBI modalities were compared with WBI, whether compared individually or combined. These PBI approaches included 3DCRT, IMRT, and multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy. Compared with WBI, 3DCRT showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (moderate to high SOE); IMRT showed no difference in IBR or overall survival at 5 and 10 years (low SOE); multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 years (low SOE). Compared with WBI, IORT was associated with a higher IBR rate at 5, 10, and over 10 years (high SOE), with no difference in overall survival, cancer-free survival, or mastectomy-free survival (low to high SOE). There were significantly fewer acute adverse events (AEs) with PBI compared with WBI, with no apparent difference in late AEs (moderate SOE). Data about quality of life were limited. Head-to-head comparisons between the different PBI modalities showed insufficient evidence to estimate an effect on main outcomes. There were no significant differences in IBR or other outcomes according to patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics; however, data for subgroups were insufficient to draw conclusions. Eight studies addressed concepts closely related to financial toxicity. Compared with conventionally fractionated WBI, accelerated PBI was associated with lower transportation costs and days away from work. PBI was also associated with less subjective financial difficulty at various time points after radiotherapy. Conclusions. Clinical trials that compared PBI with WBI demonstrate no significant difference in the risk of IBR. PBI is associated with fewer acute AEs and may be associated with less financial toxicity. The current evidence supports the use of PBI in appropriately selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the outcomes of PBI in patients with various clinical and tumor characteristics, and to define optimal radiation treatment dose and technique for PBI.
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