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Cha, Ho-Seung, Chang-Hee Han, and Chang-Hwan Im. "Prediction of Individual User’s Dynamic Ranges of EEG Features from Resting-State EEG Data for Evaluating Their Suitability for Passive Brain–Computer Interface Applications." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20040988.
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With the recent development of low-cost wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) recording systems, passive brain–computer interface (pBCI) applications are being actively studied for a variety of application areas, such as education, entertainment, and healthcare. Various EEG features have been employed for the implementation of pBCI applications; however, it is frequently reported that some individuals have difficulty fully enjoying the pBCI applications because the dynamic ranges of their EEG features (i.e., its amplitude variability over time) were too small to be used in the practical applications. Conducting preliminary experiments to search for the individualized EEG features associated with different mental states can partly circumvent this issue; however, these time-consuming experiments were not necessary for the majority of users whose dynamic ranges of EEG features are large enough to be used for pBCI applications. In this study, we tried to predict an individual user’s dynamic ranges of the EEG features that are most widely employed for pBCI applications from resting-state EEG (RS-EEG), with the ultimate goal of identifying individuals who might need additional calibration to become suitable for the pBCI applications. We employed a machine learning-based regression model to predict the dynamic ranges of three widely used EEG features known to be associated with the brain states of valence, relaxation, and concentration. Our results showed that the dynamic ranges of EEG features could be predicted with normalized root mean squared errors of 0.2323, 0.1820, and 0.1562, respectively, demonstrating the possibility of predicting the dynamic ranges of the EEG features for pBCI applications using short resting EEG data.
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Park, Seonghun, Chang-Hee Han, and Chang-Hwan Im. "Design of Wearable EEG Devices Specialized for Passive Brain–Computer Interface Applications." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164572.
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Owing to the increased public interest in passive brain–computer interface (pBCI) applications, many wearable devices for capturing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in daily life have recently been released on the market. However, there exists no well-established criterion to determine the electrode configuration for such devices. Herein, an overall procedure is proposed to determine the optimal electrode configurations of wearable EEG devices that yield the optimal performance for intended pBCI applications. We utilized two EEG datasets recorded in different experiments designed to modulate emotional or attentional states. Emotion-specialized EEG headsets were designed to maximize the accuracy of classification of different emotional states using the emotion-associated EEG dataset, and attention-specialized EEG headsets were designed to maximize the temporal correlation between the EEG index and the behavioral attention index. General purpose electrode configurations were designed to maximize the overall performance in both applications for different numbers of electrodes (2, 4, 6, and 8). The performance was then compared with that of existing wearable EEG devices. Simulations indicated that the proposed electrode configurations allowed for more accurate estimation of the users’ emotional and attentional states than the conventional electrode configurations, suggesting that wearable EEG devices should be designed according to the well-established EEG datasets associated with the target pBCI applications.
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Merlino, S., M. Pasero, and N. Perchiazzi. "Crystal structure of paralaurionite and its OD relationships with laurionite." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 387 (1993): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.387.15.
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AbstractThe crystal structure of the rare lead hydroxychloride paralaurionite [PbCI(OH), monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 10.865(4), b = 4.006(2), c = 7.233(3) Å, β = 117.24(4)°] has been refined to R = 0.062, Rw = 0.048. Its Order-Disorder (OD) character and its OD relationships with the orthorhombic polytpe of PbCI(OH), laurionite, are discussed. Laurionite and paralaurionite represent the two MDO structures within a family of OD structures built up by two different kinds of layers. The structures of paralaurionite and laurionite are compared thoroughly. The first coordination of the various atoms in the two polytypes is the same, however, remarkable differences exist in the connection between adjacent Pb-centred polyhedra.
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Ratasukharom, Natchaya, Sa-Aat Niwitpong, and Suparat Niwitpong. "Confidence Intervals for the Mean and Difference of Means of Birnbaum-Saunders Distributions with Application to Wind Speed Data." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICS 23 (September 2, 2024): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23206.2024.23.54.
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This paper proposes the confidence intervals for the mean and difference of means of Birnbaum-Saunders (BirSau) distributions based on the Bootstrap confidence interval (BCI), Percentile bootstrap confidence interval (PBCI), Generalized confidence interval (GCI), Bayesian credible interval (BayCrI) and the highest posterior density (HPD). The simulation study used R statistical software to evaluate the coverage probabilities and average lengths. The concerning results of the mean suggest that HPD is the recommended method for constructing confidence intervals in the BirSau distributions, except for small sample sizes where the GCI method proves more efficient. For the difference of means, PBCI emerges as the preferred way to construct confidence intervals, except in some cases where small sample sizes with the HPD method are more efficient. Moreover, the average lengths of these proposed confidence intervals decreased as both sample size and shape parameters increased. To illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested confidence intervals, we applied them to wind speed datasets collected in Ayutthaya and Ratchaburi provinces, Thailand.
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Ratasukharom, N., S. A. Niwitpong, and S. Niwitpong. "Confidence Intervals for the Ratio between Two Means of Birnbaum-Saunders Distributions." Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences 18, no. 2 (2024): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjms.18.2.06.
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In this study, we introduced several methods to estimate confidence intervals for the ratio between means of Birnbaum-Saunders (BirSau) distributions. These methods encompassed the generalized confidence interval (GCI), bootstrap confidence interval (BCI), percentile bootstrap confidence interval (PBCI), Bayesian credible interval (BayCrI), and the highest posterior density (HPD). We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to assess their performance, focusing on coverage probabilities and average widths. The simulation results revealed that the HPD method consistently delivered strong results for small and medium sample sizes across various scenarios. However, in the case of larger samples, the BCI method emerged as the most effective option. It was observed that as the sample size increased, the average widths of the proposed confidence intervals tended to decrease. Furthermore, we applied these methods to establish confidence intervals for the ratio between the means of wind speed datasets originating from two separate industrial regions in Thailand: Samut Prakan and Rayong province. The results obtained from this real-data application closely aligned with the findings derived from our simulation results.
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Miao, Xiu, and Wenjun Hou. "Human–Computer Interaction Multi-Task Modeling Based on Implicit Intent EEG Decoding." Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010368.
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In the short term, a fully autonomous level of machine intelligence cannot be achieved. Humans are still an important part of HCI systems, and intelligent systems should be able to “feel” and “predict” human intentions in order to achieve dynamic coordination between humans and machines. Intent recognition is very important to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the HCI system. However, it is far from enough to focus only on explicit intent. There is a lot of vague and hidden implicit intent in the process of human–computer interaction. Based on passive brain–computer interface (pBCI) technology, this paper proposes a method to integrate humans into HCI systems naturally, which is to establish an intent-based HCI model and automatically recognize the implicit intent according to human EEG signals. In view of the existing problems of few divisible patterns and low efficiency of implicit intent recognition, this paper finally proves that EEG can be used as the basis for judging human implicit intent through extracting multi-task intention, carrying out experiments, and constructing algorithmic models. The CSP + SVM algorithm model can effectively improve the EEG decoding performance of implicit intent in HCI, and the effectiveness of the CSP algorithm on intention feature extraction is further verified by combining 3D space visualization. The translation of implicit intent information is of significance for the study of intent-based HCI models, the development of HCI systems, and the improvement of human–machine collaboration efficiency.
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Lisbôa, Fabrício Marinho, and Alzira Gabriela da Silva Pause. "SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE LEGUMINOSAS ARBUSTIVAS EM PASTAGEM CONSORCIADA, ITUPIRANGA, PA." Revista Agroecossistemas 2, no. 1 (2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/ragros.v2i1.1221.
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RESUMO: No sudeste paraense uma das principais atividades econômicas é a pecuária. Esta atividade apóia-se sobre extensas áreas de pastagem que, em sua maioria, encontra-se em algum estágio de degradação. Com o propósito de otimizar o sistema solo-planta, objetivou-se verificar a percentagem de mudas de leguminosas arbustivas implantadas em área de pastagem já estabelecida de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex A. Rich.) Stapf. Os tratamentos foram pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha e Cajanus cajan (PBCC); Brachiaria brizantha e Crotalaria juncea (PBCJ) com quatro repetições, sendo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram preparadas 32 mudas de cada espécie de leguminosa, das quais 8 mudas de Cajanus cajan foram plantadas em cada parcela de PBCC e 8 mudas de Crotalaria juncea em cada parcela de PBCJ. As mudas foram implantadas na área experimental no início do período chuvoso e a avaliação quantitativa foi realizada ao seu final. A sobrevivência das mudas revelou-se satisfatória, com maior percentagem de sobrevivência para Cajanus cajan. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, fixação biológica de nitrogênio, sudeste paraense.
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Kong, Linchun, Changchun Chai, Yanxing Song, Wei Zhang, Zheren Zhang, and Yintang Yang. "Structural, elastic, electronic, and anisotropic properties of Pbca-SiC and Pbcn-SiC." AIP Advances 11, no. 4 (2021): 045107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0044672.
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Ramming, David W., Franka Gabler, Joe Smilanick, et al. "A Single Dominant Locus, Ren4, Confers Rapid Non-Race-Specific Resistance to Grapevine Powdery Mildew." Phytopathology® 101, no. 4 (2011): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-10-0237.
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In the present study we screened the progeny of Vitis vinifera × V. romanetii populations segregating for resistance to powdery mildew and determined the presence of a single, dominant locus, Ren4, conferring rapid and extreme resistance to the grapevine powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator. In each of nine Ren4 pseudo-backcross 2 (pBC2) and pBC3 populations (1,030 progeny), resistance fit a 1:1 segregation ratio and overall segregated as 543 resistant progeny to 487 susceptible. In full-sib progeny, microscopic observations revealed the reduction of penetration success rate (as indicated by the emergence of secondary hyphae) from 86% in susceptible progeny to below 10% in resistant progeny. Similarly, extreme differences were seen macroscopically. Ratings for Ren4 pBC2 population 03-3004 screened using natural infection in a California vineyard and greenhouse and using artificial inoculation of an aggressive New York isolate were fully consistent among all three pathogen sources and environments. From 2006 to 2010, Ren4 pBC2 and pBC3 vines were continuously screened in California and New York (in the center of diversity for E. necator), and no sporulating colonies were observed. For population 03-3004, severity ratings on leaves, shoots, berries, and rachises were highly correlated (R2 = 0.875 to 0.996) in the vineyard. Together, these data document a powdery mildew resistance mechanism not previously described in the Vitaceae or elsewhere, in which a dominantly inherited resistance prevents hyphal emergence and is non-race-specific and tissue-independent. In addition to its role in breeding for durable resistance, Ren4 may provide mechanistic insights into the early events that enable powdery mildew infection.
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Aldibaja, Fadi Kamal, Laura Badia, Elena Mas-Marzá, Rafael S. Sánchez, Eva M. Barea, and Ivan Mora-Sero. "Effect of different lead precursors on perovskite solar cell performance and stability." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 17 (2015): 9194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta06198e.
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We present the use of halide (PbCl<sub>2</sub>) and non-halide lead precursors (Pb(OAc)<sub>2</sub>(OAc = CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COO<sup>−</sup>), Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, Pb(acac)<sub>2</sub>(acac = (CH<sub>3</sub>COCHCOCH<sub>3</sub>)<sup>−</sup>) and PbCO<sub>3</sub>) for the preparation of perovskite solar cells.
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Mahmood, Marwah S., and N. K. Hassan. "Simulation of a perovskite sandwich solar cell with the p-CZTS / p-CH3NH3PbCI3 / p-CZTS absorber layers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 877, no. 1 (2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012001.
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Abstract Perovskite solar cells attract the attention because of their unique properties in photovoltaic cells. Numerical simulation to the structure of Perovskite on p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS absorber layers is performed by using a program solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), with changing absorber layer thickness. The effect of thickness p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS, layers at (3.2μm, 1.8 μm, 1.1 μm) respectively are studied. The obtained results are short circuit current density (Jsc ), open circuit voltage (V oc), fill factor (F. F) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) equal to (28 mA/cm2, 0.83 v, 60.58 % and 14.25 %) respectively at 1.1 μm thickness. Our findings revealed that the dependence of current - voltage characteristics on the thickness of the absorbing layers, an increase in the amount of short circuit current density with an increase in the thickness of the absorption layers and thus led to an increase in the conversion efficiency and improvement of the cell by increasing the thickness of the absorption layers.
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Merli, Marcello, Fabrizio Nestola, and Luciana Sciascia. "Bader's analysis of the electron density in the Pbca enstatite - Pbcn protoenstatite phase transition." European Journal of Mineralogy 23, no. 2 (2011): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2089.
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Barker, Rosemary S., and Ivana Radosavljevic Evans. "Structural characterization of RE10W22O81 rare-earth tungstates (RE = Ce, Nd)." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 6 (2008): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108033430.
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The single-crystal diffraction study of Ce10W22O81 and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments on Ce10W22O81 and Nd10W22O81 show that the true space group of these phases is Pbnm, contrary to the previous literature reports of the space groups Pbcn and Pbcm for the rare-earth tungstates (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) with this general formula. The structure contains rare-earth cations in seven-, eight- and ninefold coordination. W atoms are found in corner-sharing WO5 groups, and also in WO6 and WO7 polyhedra which share edges and corners to form W6O17 units. The new model obtained from our single-crystal work gives better agreement with powder XRD data on both Ce10W22O81 and Nd10W22O81, and gives more plausible coordination environments and bond-valence sums.
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Britton, D., and C. J. Cramer. "Structures of four o-nitrobenzonitriles." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 2 (1996): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768195010500.
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The crystal structures of 6-methyl- (I), 6-chloro- (II) and 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile (III), as well as 2,6-dinitrobenzonitrile (IV), have been determined. (I), orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 9.969 (2), b = 14.728 (4), c = 10.179 (3) Å, T = 180 K; (II), orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 9.469 (5), b = 14.752 (7), c = 10.859 (5) Å, T = 297 K; (III), monoclinic, P21/n, a = 7.889 (2), b = 15.064 (12), c = 7.311 (4) Å, β = 118.22 (3)°, T = 189 K; (IV), orthorhombic, Pbcn, a = 13.081 (6), b = 9.027 (4), c = 6.545 (3) Å, T = 297 K. In (I)–(III) there is a short intramolecular distance [I 2.552 (4), II 2.579 (3), III 2.599 (2) Å] between one of the nitro O atoms and the adjacent nitrile C atom. These short distances plus the accompanying molecular distortions are taken as indications of incipient nucleophilic attack of the O atoms on the electrophilic nitrile C atom. Molecular orbital calculations at the Hartree–Fock level using the 6-31G* basis set support this interpretation; natural bond-orbital analysis indicates an n O1 → π*CN delocalization energy of 10–15 kJ mol−1 for (I), (II) and (III). In (III) and (IV) the molecules pack in sheets, apparently driven by two C—H...O hydrogen bonds and a CN...Cl interaction in (III) and two C—H...O and one C—H...N hydrogen bonds in (IV).
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Klepp, K. urt O., and Karl Prager. "Na2HgS2 und K2HgS2, zwei Thiomercurate mit isolierten Anionen/Na2HgS2 and K2HgS2, Two Thiomercurates with Discrete Anions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 4 (1992): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0407.
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Na2HgS2 and K2HgS2 were obtained as colourless, tabular crystals by reacting the alkali sulfides Na2S and K2S with red HgS at 970 K. Both compounds are orthorhombic: Na2HgS2, oP40, s.g. Pbca with a = 18.24(2) Å, b = 7.494(5) Å, c = 7.237(5) Å, Z = 8; K2HgS2, oP20, s.g. Pbcm a = 10.697(6) Å, b = 7.958(8) Å, c = 7.272(9) Å, Z = 4. Their crystal structures were determined from four circle diffractometer data and refined anisotropically to conventional R-factors of 0.056 (Na2HgS2) and 0.062 (K2HgS2) for 945 and 485 reflections with F02 > 3σ(F02), resp. The crystal structures represent new structure types. They are closely related with each other and can be derived from hcp-arrays of the chalcogen-atoms. Characteristic feature is the formation of discrete, almost linear [S - Hs - S]2- dithiomercurate anions with average HgS-bond lengths of 2.31 Å.
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Ocreto, Jherwin, Chester Ian Go, Jans Cholo Chua, Cyrrus Jude Apacible, and Anabella Vilando. "Competitive effects for the adsorption of copper, cadmium and lead ions using modified activated carbon from bambo." MATEC Web of Conferences 268 (2019): 06021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926806021.
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Modified activated carbon from bamboo was used as a low-cost potential adsorbent to remove cadmium, copper and lead in single, bimetal and trimetal aqueous solutions. Using the initial concentration of 40 ppm, the analysis was conducted to determine the effect of pH (2.5, 3.0, and 5.5), contact time (60, 90, 120 min) and adsorbent dosage (20, 40, 60 mg/50 mL of solution). Results showed that for single metal aqueous solution, the % adsorption for Cu, Cd, and Pb were 89.0%, 87.4%, and 99.5% respectively. For bimetal aqueous solution the % adsorption of CuCd, CuPb, CdCu, CdPb, PbCu,and PbCd were 90.6%, 98.9%, 55.1%, 80.7%, 99.6%, and 96.05%, respectively. While for trimetal aqueous solutions, % adsorption of Cu, Cd, and Pb were 87.4%, 73.0%, and 98.4%, respectively. The % removal uptake followed the order Pb > Cu> Cd gave insights into competition effects among the three solutes during the adsorption process. Using Box–Behnken Design, the effect pH of the aqueous solution is an important controlling parameter in which the % adsorption increased as the pH level is increased while other parameters were insignificant.
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Li, Guoliang, Xiaopeng Xing, and Zichao Tang. "Structures and properties the lead-doped carbon clusters PbCn/PbCn+/PbCn− (n=1–10)." Journal of Chemical Physics 118, no. 15 (2003): 6884–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1559916.
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Annan, Theodore A., Clovis Peppe, and Dennis G. Tuck. "The direct electrochemical synthesis of d10 metal ion derivatives of some anionic bidentate oxygen donors." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 3 (1990): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-064.
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The electrochemical oxidation of a sacrificial anode (M = Zn, Cd, Hg, In, Sn) in non-aqueous solutions of 3-hydroxyflavone, 1′-hydroxy-2′-acetonaphthone, or 2-ethoxyphenol (= HL) gives ZnL2, CdL2, HgL, InL3, or SnL2 (not all combinations). Adducts with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethanediamine (tmen) have also been prepared in some cases. Certain zinc and cadmium compounds produce paramagnetic species on exposure to the atmosphere. The structure of Zn(C15H9O3)2tmen has been determined; the crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, cell dimensions a = 18.817(2) Å, b = 13.886(3) Å, c = 12.567(3) Å, Z = 4, R = 0.0758 for 773 unique observed reflections. The corresponding data for Cd(C12H9O2)2bpy are orthorhombic, space group Pbca, cell dimensions a = 20.338(4) Å, b = 30.473(5) Å, c = 9.316(2) Å, Z = 8, R = 0.0457 for 2623 unique observed reflections. Both molecules have MO4N2 kernels, but each shows significant differences in the two M—O bond lengths to the dioxo ligand, and there are concomitant effects in the C—O and C—C bond distances in the ligands. Keywords: electrochemical synthesis, d10 metal ions, X-ray crystallography, zinc complex, cadmium complex.
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Labrador, M., E. Tauler, Y. Haget, T. Calvet, M. A. Cuevas, and E. Estop. "Crystal data for p-bromochlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene/p-bromochlorobenzene mixed crystals at 293 K." Journal of Applied Crystallography 18, no. 6 (1985): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889885010883.
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The powder data for p-bromochlorobenzene(pBCB) and p-dichlorobenzene/p-bromochlorobenzene mixed crystals [pDCB] x [pBCB]1 − x at 293 K are reported; their thermal stability at 293 K is given. Vertical diffractomer, graphite monochromator, Cu Kα, λ = 1.5405 Å. They are all isomorphous, monoclinic, P21/a with Z = 2. a = 15.134(4), b = 5.843(2), c = 4.073(1) Å, β = 112.53(1)°, V = 332.7 Å3, Dx = 1.911 Mg m−3 for pBCB. a = 14.890(5), b = 5.848(5), c = 4.046(2) Å, β = 112.53(2)°, V = 325.4 Å3, Dx = 1.636 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.70[pBCB]0.30. a = 15.004(6), b = 5.840(3), c = 4.059(2) Å, β = 112.48(2)°, V = 328.6 Å3, Dx = 1.755 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0.40[pBCB]0.60. a = 15.101(4), b = 5.844(2), c = 4.066(2) Å, β = 112.51(2)°, V = 331.5 Å3, Dx = 1.873 Mg m−3 for [pDCB]0. 10[pBCB]0.90. The JCPDS Nos. are: 36-1995 for pBCB; 36-1994 for [pDCB]0.70[PBCB]0.30; 36-1993 for [pDCB]0.40[pBCB]0.60; 36-1992 for [pDCB]0.10[pBCB]0.90. Data for [pDCB]0.90[pBCB]0.10, [pDCB]0.80 [pBCB]0.20, [pDCB]0.60 [pBCB]0.40, [pDCB]0.50[pBCB]0.50, [pDCB]0.30[pBCB]0.70 and [pDCB]0.20[pBCB]0.80 have also been measured and are available from the authors or as part of the Supplementary Publication.
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Weil, Matthias, and Frank Kubel. "Matlockite-type PbFI." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 57, no. 9 (2001): i80—i81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536801013678.
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Ferreirós-Martínez, Raquel, Carlos Platas-Iglesias, Andrés de Blas, David Esteban-Gómez, and Teresa Rodríguez-Blas. "Macrocyclic Receptor Showing Improved PbII/ZnII and PbII/CaII Selectivities." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2010, no. 17 (2010): 2495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200901219.
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Stock, Norbert, Barbara Jürgens, and Wolfgang Schnick. "Synthese, Kristallstruktur und Eigenschaften von Triguanidinium-tri--imidocyclotriphosphat-Monohydrat und Tetraguanidinium-tetra-/i-imidocyclotetraphosphat-Tetrahydrat, [C(NH2)3]3(PO2NH)3 · H2O und [C(NH2)3]4(PO2NH)4 · 4 H2O / Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Triguanidinium Tri-/i-imidocyclotriphosphate Monohydrate and Tetraguanidinium Tetra-/i-imidocyclotetraphosphate Tetrahydrate, [C(NH2)3]3(PO2NH)3 · H2O and [C(NH2)3]4(PO*NH)4 · 4 H2O." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, no. 10 (1998): 1115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-1007.
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AbstractCoarsely crystalline [C(NH2)3]3(PO2NH)3 · H2O (1) and [C(NH2)3]4(PO2NH)4 · 4 H2O (2) have been obtained by addition of [C(NH2)3]2CO3 to a freshly prepared solution of H3(PO2NH)3 or to a suspension of H4(PO2NH)4 · 2 H2O , respectively, followed by diffusion controlled addition of acetone. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by single crystal X-ray methods ([C(NH,)3]3(PO,NH)3 · H2O: Pbca; a = 1565.6(2), b = 1068.31(6), c = 2091.8(2) pm, Z = 8; [C(NH2)3]4(PO2NH)4 · 4 H2O: Pbcn; a = 1739.64(10), b = 1084.19(6), c = 1334.96(11) pm, Z = 4). The P3N3 and P4N4 rings of the anions exhibit the chair conformation. In 1 two cyclic anions are interconnected into pairs via hydrogen bonds. In 2 columns along [001] are formed by hydrogen bonds between the anions. Hydrogen bonding through water molecules and C(NH2)3+ ions results in a three-dimensional network in 2. Complete dehydration is achieved below 160 or 180 °C for 1 or 2, respectively. Heating to 700 °C causes condensation reactions with evolution of NH3 and H2O yielding X-ray amorphous products
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Wang, Zhi-Chang, Yan-Wen Tian, Hua-Long Yu, and Jian-Kang Zhou. "Comparative investigations among binary molten salt mixtures PbCI2- AgCI, PbCI2- UCI, and PbCI2-KCI using an isopiestic technique." Metallurgical Transactions B 23, no. 5 (1992): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02649727.
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Ertl, Andreas, and Peter Bačík. "Considerations About Bi and Pb in the Crystal Structure of Cu-Bearing Tourmaline." Minerals 10, no. 8 (2020): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080706.
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Copper- and Mn-bearing elbaitic tourmaline (“Paraíba tourmaline”) sometimes contains significant amounts of Pb and Bi. Their position in the tourmaline crystal structure was studied with correlation analysis and bond valence calculations. Correlations between the F content and the X-site charge allow predicting the X-site occupancy. Three sets of tourmaline analyses were studied: (1) Pb-rich tourmalines from the Minh Tien pegmatite, Vietnam; (2) Cu-, Pb- and Bi-bearing tourmalines from the Mulungu mine, Brazil; (3) Cu- and Bi-bearing tourmalines from the Alto dos Quintos mine, Brazil. Two correlations were plotted: (1) the charge by considering only Na1+, Ca2+ and K1+; (2) the charge by adding Pb2+ and Bi3+ to the X-site charge. When plotting correlations for the Minh Tien tourmalines, the correlation significantly improves by adding Pb2+ to the X site. For the Alto dos Quintos tourmalines, only a slight increase of the correlation coefficient is observed, while such a correlation for tourmalines from Mulungu interestingly shows a slight decrease of the correlation coefficient. Bond valence calculations revealed that Bi3+ and Pb2+ can indeed occupy the X site via BiLi(NaAl)−1, PbLi(NaCu)−1 and possibly PbCu(NaAl)−1 substitutions as seen in the investigated tourmaline samples. At the Y site, Pb4+ can be substituted via PbLi(AlCu)−1, and PbVO(AlVOH)−1, while Bi5+ does not have any stable arrangement in Cu-bearing fluor-elbaite. The occurrence of Pb4+ at the Y site could be one explanation for the results of the correlations of the Mulungu tourmalines. Another explanation could be that during the tourmaline crystallization some additional Bi and Pb came into the pegmatitic system and hence disturbed the correlation between the average X-site charge and the F content. Further plots of such correlations in “Paraíba tourmaline” samples might also help to distinguish between the worldwide localities of these rare and sought-after tourmalines.
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Li, Junfeng, Jianfeng Zhang, Mingyu Shi, et al. "Crosstalk between Inflammation and Hemorrhage/Coagulation Disorders in Primary Blast Lung Injury." Biomolecules 13, no. 2 (2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13020351.
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Primary blast lung injury (PBLI), caused by exposure to high-intensity pressure waves from explosions in war, terrorist attacks, industrial production, and life explosions, is associated with pulmonary parenchymal tissue injury and severe ventilation insufficiency. PBLI patients, characterized by diffused intra-alveolar destruction, including hemorrhage and inflammation, might deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. However, due to the absence of guidelines about PBLI, emergency doctors and rescue teams treating PBLI patients rely on experience. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of PBLI and their cross-linkages, exploring potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets of PBLI. We summarize the pathophysiological performance and pharmacotherapy principles of PBLI. In particular, we emphasize the crosstalk between hemorrhage and inflammation, as well as coagulation, and we propose early control of hemorrhage as the main treatment of PBLI. We also summarize several available therapy methods, including some novel internal hemostatic nanoparticles to prevent the vicious circle of inflammation and coagulation disorders. We hope that this review can provide information about the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of PBLI for all interested investigators.
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Tseng, Li-Ying, Erh-Chiang Chen, Jie-Mao Wang, and Tzong-Ming Wu. "Synthesis, Physical Properties and Enzymatic Degradation of Biodegradable Nanocomposites Fabricated Using Poly(Butylene Carbonate-Co-Terephthalate) and Organically Modified Layered Zinc Phenylphosphonate." Polymers 12, no. 9 (2020): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092149.
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A new biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic poly (butylene carbonate-co-terephthalate) (PBCT-85) with the molar ratio [BC]/[BT] = 85/15, successfully synthesized through transesterification and polycondensation processes, was identified using 1H-NMR spectra. Various weight ratios of PBCT/organically modified layered zinc phenylphosphonate (m-PPZn) nanocomposites were manufactured using the solution mixing process. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the morphology of PBCT-85/m-PPZn nanocomposites. Both results exhibited that the stacking layers of m-PPZn were intercalated into the PBCT-85 polymer matrix. The additional m-PPZn into PBCT-85 copolymer matrix significantly enhanced the storage modulus at −70 °C, as compared to that of neat PBCT-85. The lipase from Pseudomonas sp. was used to investigate the enzymatic degradation of PBCT-85/m-PPZn nanocomposites. The weight loss decreased as the loading of m-PPZn increased, indicating that the existence of m-PPZn inhibits the degradation of the PBCT-85 copolymers. This result might be attributed to the higher degree of contact angle for PBCT-85/m-PPZn nanocomposites. The PBCT-85/m-PPZn composites approved by MTT assay are appropriate for cell growth and might have potential in the application of biomedical materials.
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Sun, Ming, Dihua Shangguan, Huimin Ma, et al. "Simple PbII fluorescent probe based on PbII-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphodiester." Biopolymers 72, no. 6 (2003): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.10484.
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Xu, Xing, Brennan Mace, Erik Enriquez та ін. "Roles of reaction kinetics of CO2 on a PrBaCo2O5.5+δ surfaces". RSC Advances 7, № 64 (2017): 40558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06362h.
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A symmetric PBCO/YSZ/PBCO cell (where PBCO refers to PrBaCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5.5+δ</sub>, and YSZ to yttria stabilized zirconia) was designed and fabricated for the investigation of the catalytic nature and reaction kinetics of CO<sub>2</sub> on PBCO surfaces.
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Kumar, A. Arul Jeya, and M. Prakash. "Mechanical and morphological characterization of basalt/Cissus quadrangularis hybrid fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 14 (2020): 2895–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220911072.
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In today's scenario, most of the research works are carried out on the replacement of synthetic fibers using eco-friendly materials called natural fibers. Although there are many research findings in connection with natural fibers, in this work, a new combination of natural fiber having high biomedical potential is reinforced in the polymer composite. Three different weight fractions of polylactic acid, basalt, and Cissus quadrangularis fibers were melt mixed using twin-screw extruder named as PBCQ 1, PBCQ 2, and PBCQ 3. The mechanical, physical, and thermomechanical properties were studied by testing tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, water absorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis of the injection-molded biomedical composite specimens prepared as per ASTM standards. It was noticed that the PBCQ 2 composite has the maximum elongation strength, bending strength, shear strength, and shore D hardness compared to other composites taken in this study. Water absorption of PBCQ 1 and PBCQ 2 composites are relatively less than PBCQ 3. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph of PBCQ composites shows tight bonding between the matrix and fibers. The adhesion of matrix and fibers was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy graph, which indicates the stretching of molecular structure for the occurrence of O–H, C=O, and C–H links. The dynamic mechanical analysis curve of the PBCQ 2 composite indicates high storage modulus and less loss modulus compared to PBCQ 1 and PBCQ 3 due to the low weight percentage of basalt fiber in these composites.
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Xia, Y. N., and J. L. Van Etten. "DNA methyltransferase induced by PBCV-1 virus infection of a Chlorella-like green alga." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (1986): 1440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1440-1445.1986.
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A DNA methyltransferase was isolated from a eucaryotic, Chlorella-like green alga infected with the virus PBCV-1. The enzyme recognized the sequence GATC and methylated deoxyadenosine solely in GATC sequences. Host DNA, which contains GATC sequences, but not PBCV-1 DNA, which contains GmATC sequences, was a good substrate for the enzyme in vitro. The DNA methyltransferase activity was first detected about 1 h after viral infection; PBCV-1 DNA synthesis and host DNA degradation also began at about this time. The appearance of the DNA methyltransferase activity required de novo protein synthesis, and the enzyme was probably virus encoded. Methylation of DNAs with the PBCV-1-induced methyltransferase conferred resistance of the DNAs to a PBCV-1-induced restriction endonuclease enzyme described previously (Y. Xia, D. E. Burbank, L. Uher, D. Rabussay, and J. L. Van Etten, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1430-1439). We propose that the PBCV-1-induced methyltransferase protects viral DNA from the PBCV-1-induced restriction endonuclease and is part of a virus-induced restriction and modification system in PBCV-1-infected Chlorella cells.
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Xia, Y. N., and J. L. Van Etten. "DNA methyltransferase induced by PBCV-1 virus infection of a Chlorella-like green alga." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (1986): 1440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1440.
Full textAbstract:
A DNA methyltransferase was isolated from a eucaryotic, Chlorella-like green alga infected with the virus PBCV-1. The enzyme recognized the sequence GATC and methylated deoxyadenosine solely in GATC sequences. Host DNA, which contains GATC sequences, but not PBCV-1 DNA, which contains GmATC sequences, was a good substrate for the enzyme in vitro. The DNA methyltransferase activity was first detected about 1 h after viral infection; PBCV-1 DNA synthesis and host DNA degradation also began at about this time. The appearance of the DNA methyltransferase activity required de novo protein synthesis, and the enzyme was probably virus encoded. Methylation of DNAs with the PBCV-1-induced methyltransferase conferred resistance of the DNAs to a PBCV-1-induced restriction endonuclease enzyme described previously (Y. Xia, D. E. Burbank, L. Uher, D. Rabussay, and J. L. Van Etten, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1430-1439). We propose that the PBCV-1-induced methyltransferase protects viral DNA from the PBCV-1-induced restriction endonuclease and is part of a virus-induced restriction and modification system in PBCV-1-infected Chlorella cells.
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Gao, Yanmin, Zhaoyong Hu, Yan Liu, et al. "A Facile Synthesis of Ion Imprinted Mesoporous Silica Adsorbents by a Co-Condensation Pathway and Application in a Fixed-Bed Column Study for Lead Removal." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 7 (2015): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14461.
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Highly selective lead ion imprinted mesoporous silica adsorbents (PbII-IMS) were prepared through a co-condensation pathway with 3-(γ-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS) (PbII-IMS-NN) and 3-aminepropyltriethoxysilyl (APTES) (PbII-IMS-N) as monomers. The prepared adsorbents were characterised by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, power X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. The results showed that the synthesised adsorbents presented a highly ordered mesoporous structure. In comparison with PbII-IMS-N, PbII-IMS-NN demonstrated a higher adsorption capacity in a series of static and dynamic adsorption experiments, and was further applied to a continuous fixed-bed column study under different conditions. It was found that the breakthrough time of the fixed-bed increased with an increase in bed depth, but decreased with increased flow rate and initial PbII concentration, and the dynamic adsorption data was more consistent with the Thomas model than the Adams–Bohart model. Furthermore, the PbII-IMS-NN showed a greater recognition and binding affinity towards the target lead ions than PbII-IMS-N.
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Berlian Arswendo Adietya, I Ketut Aria Pria Utama, Wasis Dwi Aryawan, et al. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations into the Characteristics of Wageningen B4-70 Series of Propeller with Boss Cap Fins." CFD Letters 15, no. 10 (2023): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.10.152169.
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Applying propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) in open B-series has been studied. PBCF is able to decrease the wake effect behind the propeller which can influence the propeller’s thrust and torque. Open propeller using PBCF is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) which generate convergent result compared to experimental data. The solver is based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equation (RANSE) solutions and turbulence modeling explicit algebraic stress model (EASM). The test data was obtained from CFD simulations consisting of the open propeller and PBCF despite the experiment was done to PBCF only. All measurements were carried out from J = 0 to J = 1.0 with speeds from 0 m/s to 2.445 m/s.The results of the investigation on the B4-70 propeller with Boss cap fins convergent showed thought-provoking phenomena both on CFD and experimental work. Test results at The B4-70 Propeller without using PBCF high Pressure at J = 0.1 - 0.9, but with boss cap fins can reduce pressure at high-speed J = 0.9, so further research is needed to low-speed J = 0.1 - 0.5; Then visualization of velocity on propeller B4-70 without PBCF shows an increase in flow velocity in the boss cap fins when J = 0 to J = 0.9. The induced axial velocity in the blade propeller is the same and propeller B4-70 with PBCF decreases in speed in the boss cap fins when J = 0 to J = 0.9. However, the induce axial velocity in the blade propeller is the same. Convergent PBCF can reduce the return flow velocity in the boss cap propeller area, inversely proportional to the open propeller. Comparison of open propeller and PBCF shows that using PBCF there is an increase in the KT value at high speed of 10% to24% and a decrease in the 10KQ value on PBCF from J = 0.8 to J = 1.0 of 7% to 14%, but η_0 value at J = 0.8 to J = 1.0 increased by 3% to 8%. This Explained that the use of PBCF when the higher the value of J, greater the increase in η_0 value. Mainly, B4-70 propeller with PBCF with a converging boss cap shape with 15-degree slope exhibits increased efficiency.
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Sanjakdar, Sarah S., William J. Flerlage, Hyun S. Kang, et al. "Differential Effects of Caffeine on Motor and Cognitive Outcomes of Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury." Military Medicine 184, Supplement_1 (2019): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy367.
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Abstract This study assessed the effect of caffeine on neurobehavioral recovery in the WRAIR penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) model. Unilateral frontal PBBI was produced in the right hemisphere of anesthetized rats at moderate (7%-PBBI) or severe (10%-PBBI) injury levels. Animals were randomly assigned to pretreatment groups: acute caffeine (25 mg/kg CAF gavage, 1 h prior to PBBI), or chronic caffeine (0.25 g/L CAF drinking water, 30 days prior to PBBI). Motor function was evaluated on the rotarod at fixed-speed increments of 10, 15, and 20 RPM. Cognitive performance was evaluated on the Morris water maze. Acute caffeine showed no significant treatment effect on motor or cognitive outcome. Acute caffeine exposure prior to 10%-PBBI resulted in a significantly higher thigmotaxic response compared to vehicle-PBBI groups, which may indicate caffeine exacerbates post-injury anxiety/attention decrements. Results of the chronic caffeine study revealed a significant improvement in motor outcome at 7 and 10 days post-injury in the 7%-PBBI group. However, chronic caffeine exposure significantly increased the latency to locate the platform in the Morris water maze task at all injury levels. Results indicate that chronic caffeine consumption prior to a penetrating TBI may provide moderate beneficial effects to motor recovery, but may worsen the neurocognitive outcome.
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Zhao, Lixia, Anchang Liu, Min Sun, et al. "Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of Puerarin by Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/126562.
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The interest using novel drug delivery systems to improve oral bioavailability of drug with poor solubility is increasing. In this study, a new oral delivery system, polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (PBCNs), was introduced to improve the oral bioavailability of puerarin (PUE). PUE-loaded PBCN was successfully prepared by anionic polymerization method. Characterization of PUE-loaded PBCN was evaluated with morphology, size, zeta potential, and in vitro release study. The PBCN loading PUE exhibited a spherical shape under transmission electron microscopy with an average size of 159.4 nm, and the zeta potential was −15.0 mV. The in vitro release of PUE-loaded PBCN showed an initial burst release followed by a sustained release. Physicochemical state of PUE in PBCN was investigated by differential scanning colorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that PUE in PBCN was in a noncrystalline state. The oral pharmacokinetic study in rats showed that the relative bioavailability of PUE-encapsulated PBCN to the crude PUE was more than 550%. It can be concluded that PBCN as an oral drug carrier can significantly improve the oral bioavailability of PUE.
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Arief, M. F., and A. Manab. "The effect of various spices on functional properties of plant-based cheese analogue." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1292, no. 1 (2024): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1292/1/012023.
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Abstract This research purpose was to study the effects of various spices on functional properties of plant-based cheese analogue (PBCA). PBCA was made from Geotrichum candidum (Gc: 3%), glucono-δ-lactone (GDL: 0.25%), and bromelain: 8 × 105 U/g. The sample was commercial dairy cheese (control), PBCA 1 (Gc + bromelain), PBCA 2 (GDL + bromelain), PBCA 3 (Gc + GDL), and PBCA 4 (Gc + GDL + bromelain). The results of observations processed using ANOVA and DMRT. In this study, different spices affect the chemical and sensory features of PBCA (p<0.05). The chemical features results were ash content (1.92%; 1.51%; 1.57%; 1.74%; 1.39%), fat content (29.7%; 25.0%; 24.9%; 26.7%; 24.7%), moisture content (55.4%; 49.6%; 50.1%; 47.3%; 50.3%), protein content (6.39%; 17.5%; 17.2%; 19.5%; 17.0%), and salt content (0.69%; 0.29%; 0.31%; 0.32%; 0.28%), respectively. The sensory features results were appearance (7.52; 7.18; 7.27; 7.48; 6.85), flavor (8.05; 7.68; 7.33; 7.67; 7.71), creaminess (7.73; 7.35; 7.33; 7.67; 7.25), firmness (6.40; 7.04; 6.37; 6.66; 6.58), spread ability (7.82; 7.48; 7.40; 7.78; 7.25), and overall (8.44; 7.91; 7.80; 7.48; 8.03), respectively. The effectiveness index test result was 1.00; 0.45; 0.53; 0.00; and 1.00, respectively. In conclusion, PBCA 4 was the best treatment.
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Tomolo, Anne M., Renée H. Lawrence, Brook Watts, Sarah Augustine, David C. Aron, and Mamta K. Singh. "Pilot Study Evaluating a Practice-Based Learning and Improvement Curriculum Focusing on the Development of System-Level Quality Improvement Skills." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 3, no. 1 (2011): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00104.1.
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Abstract Background We developed a practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) curriculum to address important gaps in components of content and experiential learning activities through didactics and participation in systems-level quality improvement projects that focus on making changes in health care processes. Methods We evaluated the impact of our curriculum on resident PBLI knowledge, self-efficacy, and application skills. A quasi-experimental design assessed the impact of a curriculum (PBLI quality improvement systems compared with non-PBLI) on internal medicine residents' learning during a 4-week ambulatory block. We measured application skills, self-efficacy, and knowledge by using the Systems Quality Improvement Training and Assessment Tool. Exit evaluations assessed time invested and experiences related to the team projects and suggestions for improving the curriculum. Results The 2 groups showed differences in change scores. Relative to the comparison group, residents in the PBLI curriculum demonstrated a significant increase in the belief about their ability to implement a continuous quality improvement project (P = .020), comfort level in developing data collection plans (P = .010), and total knowledge scores (P &lt; .001), after adjusting for prior PBLI experience. Participants in the PBLI curriculum also demonstrated significant improvement in providing a more complete aim statement for a proposed project after adjusting for prior PBLI experience (P = .001). Exit evaluations were completed by 96% of PBLI curriculum participants who reported high satisfaction with team performance. Conclusion Residents in our curriculum showed gains in areas fundamental for PBLI competency. The observed improvements were related to fundamental quality improvement knowledge, with limited gain in application skills. This suggests that while heading in the right direction, we need to conceptualize and structure PBLI training in a way that integrates it throughout the residency program and fosters the application of this knowledge and these skills.
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Berlian Arswendo Adietya, I Ketut Aria Pria Utama, Wasis Dwi Aryawan, et al. "Characteristics Investigations of Ducted Ka4-70 Series Propeller with Boss Cap Fins Using Numerical and Experimental Method." CFD Letters 16, no. 2 (2023): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.2.2441.
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Unconventional system that are generally adopted for ship propulsion are Ducted Propellers. These devices have recently been studied with medium-fidelity computational fluid dynamics code (based on the potential flow hypothesis) with promising results. Numerical and experimental comparison of ducted propeller with PBCF, case studies with Propeller Ka4-70 used combination ducted and PBCF Divergent. The study was done numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The solver is based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solutions and turbulence modelling explicit algebraic stress model (EASM). The test data was obtained from CFD simulations consisting of the open propeller and combination Nozzle plus PBCF, but the experiment was done to Nozzle and PBCF only. All measurements were carried out from J = 0 to J = 1.0 with speeds from 0 m/s to 2.445 m/s. The results of the comparative investigation cases between numerical and experiment analysis from Ka4-70 propellers with Nozzle 19A and PBCF Divergent appears that between CFD and experiments, several phenomena are seen. (i) the Ka4-70 propeller without Nozzle 19A and PBCF divergent experienced large pressure at low-speed J = 0.1 to high-speed J = 0.7, but Ka4-70 propeller with Nozzle and PBCF divergent reach highest pressure at J = 0.1 to J = 0.5; (ii) the Ka4-70 propeller without 19A nozzle and PBCF divergent increases the flow velocity at the boss cap fins but does not increase the axial induce velocity, while Ka4-70 propeller using nozzle and PBCF divergent increases the axial induce velocity of the blade, but does not increase the flow velocity of the boss cap fins; (iii) Ka4-70 propeller without Nozzle and PBCF value increase of propeller η0 to 12% when ESD added in the form of Nozzle and PBCF when J is high, from J = 0.7 to J = 1.0. ; (iv) Ka4-70 propellers with Nozzle 19A and PBCF Divergent has very similar η0 from J=0 to J=1.0. CFD approach are still appropriate to be relied upon for the overall simulation.
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McClain, Elizabeth K., Stewart F. Babbott, Terance T. Tsue, et al. "Use of a Structured Template to Facilitate Practice-Based Learning and Improvement Projects." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 4, no. 2 (2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-11-00195.1.
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Abstract Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires residency programs to meet and demonstrate outcomes across 6 competencies. Measuring residents' competency in practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) is particularly challenging. Purpose We developed an educational tool to meet ACGME requirements for PBLI. The PBLI template helped programs document quality improvement (QI) projects and supported increased scholarly activity surrounding PBLI learning. Methods We reviewed program requirements for 43 residency and fellowship programs and identified specific PBLI requirements for QI activities. We also examined ACGME Program Information Form responses on PBLI core competency questions surrounding QI projects for program sites visited in 2008–2009. Data were integrated by a multidisciplinary committee to develop a peer-protected PBLI template guiding programs through process, documentation, and evaluation of QI projects. All steps were reviewed and approved through our GME Committee structure. Results An electronic template, companion checklist, and evaluation form were developed using identified project characteristics to guide programs through the PBLI process and facilitate documentation and evaluation of the process. During a 24 month period, 27 programs have completed PBLI projects, and 15 have reviewed the template with their education committees, but have not initiated projects using the template. Discussion The development of the tool generated program leaders' support because the tool enhanced the ability to meet program-specific objectives. The peer-protected status of this document for confidentiality and from discovery has been beneficial for program usage. The document aggregates data on PBLI and QI initiatives, offers opportunities to increase scholarship in QI, and meets the ACGME goal of linking measures to outcomes important to meeting accreditation requirements at the program and institutional level.
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Fan, Qingyang, Xin Ai, Junni Zhou, Xinhai Yu, Wei Zhang, and Sining Yun. "Novel III-V Nitride Polymorphs in the P42/mnm and Pbca Phases." Materials 13, no. 17 (2020): 3743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173743.
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In this work, the elastic anisotropy, mechanical stability, and electronic properties for P42/mnm XN (XN = BN, AlN, GaN, and InN) and Pbca XN are researched based on density functional theory. Here, the XN in the P42/mnm and Pbca phases have a mechanic stability and dynamic stability. Compared with the Pnma phase and Pm-3n phase, the P42/mnm and Pbca phases have greater values of bulk modulus and shear modulus. The ratio of the bulk modulus (B), shear modulus (G), and Poisson’s ratio (v) of XN in the P42/mnm and Pbca phases are smaller than those for Pnma XN and Pm-3n XN, and larger than those for c-XN, indicating that Pnma XN and Pm-3n XN are more ductile than P42/mnm XN and Pbca XN, and that c-XN is more brittle than P42/mnm XN and Pbca XN. In addition, in the Pbca phases, XN can be considered a semiconductor material, while in the P42/mnm phase, GaN and InN have direct band-gap, and BN and AlN are indirect wide band gap materials. The novel III-V nitride polymorphs in the P42/mnm and Pbca phases may have great potential for application in visible light detectors, ultraviolet detectors, infrared detectors, and light-emitting diodes.
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Herrmann, Jacob, Merryn H. Tawhai, and David W. Kaczka. "Computational Modeling of Primary Blast Lung Injury: Implications for Ventilator Management." Military Medicine 184, Supplement_1 (2019): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy305.
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Abstract Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) caused by exposure to high-intensity pressure waves is associated with parenchymal tissue injury and severe ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Although supportive ventilation is often required in patients with PBLI, maldistribution of gas flow in mechanically heterogeneous lungs may lead to further injury due to increased parenchymal strain and strain rate, which are difficult to predict in vivo. In this study, we developed a computational lung model with mechanical properties consistent with healthy and PBLI conditions. PBLI conditions were simulated with bilateral derecruitment and increased perihilar tissue stiffness. As a result of these tissue abnormalities, airway flow was heterogeneously distributed in the model under PBLI conditions, during both conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. PBLI conditions resulted in over three-fold higher parenchymal strains compared to the healthy condition during CMV, with flow distributed according to regional tissue stiffness. During high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, flow distribution became increasingly heterogeneous and frequency-dependent. We conclude that the distribution and rate of parenchymal distension during mechanical ventilation depend on PBLI severity as well as ventilatory modality. These simulations may allow realistic assessment of the risks associated with ventilator-induced lung injury following PBLI, and facilitate the development of alternative lung-protective ventilation modalities.
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Xia, Y. N., D. E. Burbank, L. Uher, D. Rabussay, and J. L. Van Etten. "Restriction endonuclease activity induced by PBCV-1 virus infection of a Chlorella-like green alga." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (1986): 1430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1430-1439.1986.
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An enzyme was isolated from a eucaryotic, Chlorella-like green alga infected with the virus PBCV-1 which exhibits type II restriction endonuclease activity. The enzyme recognized the sequence GATC and cleaved DNA 5' to the G. Methylation of deoxyadenosine in the GATC sequence inhibited enzyme activity. In vitro the enzyme cleaved host Chlorella nuclear DNA but not viral DNA because host DNA contains GATC and PBCV-1 DNA contains GmATC sequences. PBCV-1 DNA is probably methylated in vivo by the PBCV-1-induced methyltransferase described elsewhere (Y. Xia and J. L. Van Etten, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1440-1445). Restriction endonuclease activity was first detected 30 to 60 min after viral infection; the appearance of enzyme activity required de novo protein synthesis, and the enzyme is probably virus encoded. Appearance of enzyme activity coincided with the onset of host DNA degradation after PBCV-1 infection. We propose that the PBCV-1-induced restriction endonuclease participates in host DNA degradation and is part of a virus-induced restriction and modification system in PBCV-1-infected Chlorella cells.
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Beitra, Danette, Ana F. El-Behadli, and Melissa A. Faith. "Measuring emotion socialization in families affected by pediatric cancer: Refinement and reduction of the Parents’ Beliefs about Children’s Emotions questionnaire." Journal of Child Health Care 22, no. 2 (2018): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493517753086.
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The aim of this study is to conduct a multimethod psychometric reduction in the Parents’ Beliefs about Children’s Emotions (PBCE) questionnaire using an item response theory framework with a pediatric oncology sample. Participants were 216 pediatric oncology caregivers who completed the PBCE. The PBCE contains 105 items (11 subscales) rated on a 6-point Likert-type scale. We evaluated the PBCE subscale performance by applying a partial credit model in WINSTEPS. Sixty-six statistically weak items were removed, creating a 44-item PBCE questionnaire with 10 subscales and 3 response options per item. The refined scale displayed good psychometric properties and correlated .910 with the original PBCE. Additional analyses examined dimensionality, item-level (e.g. difficulty), and person-level (e.g. ethnicity) characteristics. The refined PBCE questionnaire provides better test information, improves instrument reliability, and reduces burden on families, providers, and researchers. With this improved measure, providers can more easily identify families who may benefit from psychosocial interventions targeting emotion socialization. The results of the multistep approach presented should be considered preliminary, given the limited sample size.
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Xia, Y. N., D. E. Burbank, L. Uher, D. Rabussay, and J. L. Van Etten. "Restriction endonuclease activity induced by PBCV-1 virus infection of a Chlorella-like green alga." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (1986): 1430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1430.
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An enzyme was isolated from a eucaryotic, Chlorella-like green alga infected with the virus PBCV-1 which exhibits type II restriction endonuclease activity. The enzyme recognized the sequence GATC and cleaved DNA 5' to the G. Methylation of deoxyadenosine in the GATC sequence inhibited enzyme activity. In vitro the enzyme cleaved host Chlorella nuclear DNA but not viral DNA because host DNA contains GATC and PBCV-1 DNA contains GmATC sequences. PBCV-1 DNA is probably methylated in vivo by the PBCV-1-induced methyltransferase described elsewhere (Y. Xia and J. L. Van Etten, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1440-1445). Restriction endonuclease activity was first detected 30 to 60 min after viral infection; the appearance of enzyme activity required de novo protein synthesis, and the enzyme is probably virus encoded. Appearance of enzyme activity coincided with the onset of host DNA degradation after PBCV-1 infection. We propose that the PBCV-1-induced restriction endonuclease participates in host DNA degradation and is part of a virus-induced restriction and modification system in PBCV-1-infected Chlorella cells.
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Xia, Yiqin, Da Cao, Lili Yang, et al. "Abstract OT1-12-03: Precision breast conserving surgery with the guidance of localization combined with multidetector CT 3-dimensional image reconstruction: a single center, prospective, cohort study." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (2023): OT1–12–03—OT1–12–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-ot1-12-03.
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Abstract Introduction: Precision breast conserving surgery (PBCS) requires doctors to precisely remove the tumor while preserving as much normal tissue as possible. The aims of this study were to determine whether wire-guided localization (WGL) combined with multidetector CT (MDCT) guided 3D reconstruction could guide PBCS. Methods: From 2020 to 2022, 31 patients with unifocal breast cancer were enrolled for PBCS guided by WGL combined with MDCT guided 3D reconstruction. Surrounded WGL was performed under local anesthesia, followed by an immediate contrast enhanced MDCT scan. PBCS guided by MDCT guided 3D reconstruction was performed one day after the localization. Women who underwent palpation guided BCS were included as control, and logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: PBCS were performed in 31 patients. The mean tumor size in US was 19.48±5.86mm (9-32mm). Compare with control group, a smaller specimen diameter was observed in PBCS group (P=0.005), and the rate of the largest margin greater than or equal to 20mm were significantly lower (P=0.004). The operation time of PBCS was shortened (P=0.046). Moreover, PBCS does not affect the reoperation rate (P=0.514) or the rate of positive margins (P=0.660). Conclusion: For patients with unifocal breast cancer, WGL combined with MDCT guided 3D reconstruction could guide PBCS without affecting the safety. Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients in PBCS group and control group. BMI, body mass index; US, ultrasound; HR, hormone receptor. Table 2. Surgical outcomes of patients in PBCS group and control group. Citation Format: Yiqin Xia, Da Cao, Lili Yang, Mingjie Zheng, Miaomiao Weng, Ke Shi, Ruoxi Wang, Meng Zhao, Hui Xie, Shui Wang. Precision breast conserving surgery with the guidance of localization combined with multidetector CT 3-dimensional image reconstruction: a single center, prospective, cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-12-03.
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Kandel, Hom, Milko Iliev, Nathan Arndt, and Tar-Pin Chen. "Investigation of Phonon Vibrational Modes in Ga, Al, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn Doped (110)-Oriented PBCO Thin Films." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (June 28, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5937494.
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We performed Raman scattering measurements and a comprehensive study of different types of Raman modes associated with phonon vibrations on pure and Ga, Al, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn doped (110)-oriented PrBa2Cu3O7 (PBCO) thin films to identify the substitution of Cu (1) or Cu (2) ions in PBCO lattice. In Raman spectrum of (110)–oriented PBCO thin film, we observed four prominent Ag type Raman modes at ∼130 cm−1, ∼150 cm−1, ∼440 cm−1, and ∼520 cm−1 corresponding to Ba, Cu (2), O (2)–O (3) in-phase, and O (4) apical oxygen vibration along c-axis, respectively. The Raman mode of pure PBCO at ∼520 cm−1 softened on Ga, Al, Fe, and Co doped PBCO thin films while it remained unaffected on Zn and Ni doped PBCO thin films. We explain these results in the context of their correlation with Cu (1)–O (4) and Cu (2)–O (4) bond lengths. In addition, we observed a new Raman mode near 610 cm−1 in the Raman spectra of Ga, Al, Fe, and Co doped PBCO thin films, an infrared (IR) active mode that became Raman active when the symmetry was broken at the Cu-O chain site after the partial substitution of Cu (1) ion. Moreover, the “O (2)–O (3) in-phase Raman mode” near 440 cm−1 remained unaffected in Fe, Co, Ga, and Al doped PBCO thin films but softened in Zn and Ni doped PBCO thin films. Based on these results, we argue that Ga, Al, Fe, and Co ions replace Cu (1) ion at the Cu-O chain site, break the crystal symmetry, and produce disorder locally, whereas Zn and Ni ions replace Cu (2) ion at the CuO2 plane of the PBCO lattice structure.
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Keller, Benjamin-Luca, Claudia A. Lohmann, Samuel O. Kyeremateng, and Gert Fricker. "Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) for Drug Delivery Applications." Polymers 14, no. 5 (2022): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050998.
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Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible homopolymer which is used as a carrier matrix for drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical industry. Typically, polymerization is carried out under aqueous conditions and results in molecular weights are mostly lower than 3000 g/mol due to the instability of the high molecular weight PBCA. However, the stability of polymer excipients is a major prerequisite for drug product development in the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, a reliable polymer synthesis strategy for PBCA was designed to control the molecular weight in a nonaqueous polymerization environment. The anionic polymerization process and the impact of key synthesis parameters were investigated. The results confirmed that the previously postulated depolymerization–repolymerization process (DPRP) in the literature can be used to tailor the molecular weight of PBCA. The amount of sodium methoxide present during the polymerization proved to be the key parameter to control the DPRP and the molecular weight as desired. In addition, it was discovered that end-capping the PBCA chain suppressed the DPRP and prevented monomer release by depriving the PBCA of its living character. Thus, neat PBCA polymer with varying molecular weights determined by Advanced Polymer Chromatography™ as well as end-capped PBCA were synthesized, and the improvement of the chemical and shelf-life stability were confirmed using NMR.
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Morena, Francesco, Chiara Argentati, Michelina Soccio, et al. "Unpatterned Bioactive Poly(Butylene 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylate)-Based Film Fast Induced Neuronal-Like Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 9274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239274.
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Herein, we present poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBCE) films characterized by an unpatterned microstructure and a specific hydrophobicity, capable of boosting a drastic cytoskeleton architecture remodeling, culminating with the neuronal-like differentiation of human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). We have used two different filming procedures to prepare the films, solvent casting (PBCE) and compression-moulding (PBCE*). PBCE film had a rough and porous surface with spherulite-like aggregations (Ø = 10–20 μm) and was characterized by a water contact angle = 100°. PBCE* showed a smooth and continuous surface without voids and visible spherulite-like aggregations and was more hydrophobic (WCA = 110°). Both surface characteristics were modulated through the copolymerization of different amounts of ether-oxygen-containing co-units into PBCE chemical structure. We showed that only the surface characteristics of PBCE-solvent-casted films steered hBM-MSCs toward a neuronal-like differentiation. hBM-MSCs lost their canonical mesenchymal morphology, acquired a neuronal polarized shape with a long cell protrusion (≥150 μm), expressed neuron-specific class III β-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 neuronal markers, while nestin, a marker of uncommitted stem cells, was drastically silenced. These events were observed as early as 2-days after cell seeding. Of note, the phenomenon was totally absent on PBCE* film, as hBM-MSCs maintained the mesenchymal shape and behavior and did not express neuronal/glial markers.
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Nugraha Oloan, Achdri Fauzi, I. Made Ariana, and Ahmad Baidowi. "Self propulsion Performance Analysis of Japanese Bulk Carrier with PBCF Based CFD Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1081, no. 1 (2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1081/1/012057.
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Abstract An energy-saving device (ESD) is used to obtain energy lost and convert additional energy to a propulsive coefficient. This research uses PBCF as an energy-saving device that is attached to an MP687 propeller and a Japanese bulk carrier a hull. Method for solving this research using the open water test and self propulsion method based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Added propulsive coefficient obtained from PBCF conventional can reach up to +1.52 %. PBCF with duct make smaller added for propulsive coefficient caused by duct splitting fluid flow from the propeller. PBCF with duct can increase propulsive coefficient up to +0.48 %. PBCF can eliminate a strong hub vortex at propeller MP687 and its ba e good choice for the increased propulsive coefficient of the ship
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Villányi, Zoltán, István Gyurján, Viktor Stéger, and László Orosz. "Plaque-Based Competitive Hybridization." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 13, no. 1 (2007): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057107310876.
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The authors have developed a simple, cost-saving experimental design, plaque-based competitive hybridization (PBCH), for genome-wide identification of genes differentially expressed in different tissues. PBCH offers advantages in comparison with other methods used in comparative genomics by combining the principles of differential hybridization with the subtractive hybridization. PBCH is particularly advantageous when libraries with few differences are to be analyzed. The authors demonstrate the use of PBCH by identifying 3 genes, up-regulated in the developing velvet antler of red deer ( Cervus elaphus): ApoD, C011A2, and S100a1. The fidelity and sensitivity of PBCH is also shown: 1 specific clone among a library sample of 15,000 can be recognized. Possibilities for further utilizations are discussed. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:80-84)