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Riminucci, Alberto. "Electrodeposited superconducting Pb, Pb-Cu and Pb-Co nanowires." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404088.
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Chen, Yi S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Electron reconstruction in simulated Pb+Pb events in CMS." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44739.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 34).
Introduction: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) located at Geneva, Switzerland, will be the biggest particle accelerator in the world. There are a number of detectors on the LHC ring. The LHCb detector is aimed to study bottom quark physics, which will allow a measurement of the parameters of CP violation in bottom quark productions. The ALICE experiment is specialized in Pb+Pb heavy ion collisions. The ATLAS [3] detector is a general purpose detector, and it will be conducting p+p collision experiments. In addition, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is currently being commissioned. It will start taking data from as early as late 2008. The detector will be excel in muon detection, but it is also a general purpose detector for p+p and Pb+Pb collsions. The CMS experiment opens up a new window into physics at a unprecedented energy. With the new energy range, a lot of exciting new physics can be examined. The search for the HIGGS boson, which arises from scalar field and is postulated to account for the mass of vector bosons, is one of the main goals of the experiment. The energy range of the LHC is well matched for either confirming its existence or ruling it out. The LHC experiments also want to research on super-symmetry, which potentially explains a lot of open questions for physics beyond the standard model. Although the CMS detector will devote most of its time running proton-proton collisions, one month of each year it will be running lead-lead collisions at center-of-mass energy of 5.5 TeV. Through heavy ion collisions more about the properties of the quark-gluon plasma can be studied, like the viscosity or opacity. In preparation for further studies to the lead-lead collisions, it is interesting to test the basic detector capabilities by studying basic particle reconstruction capabilities. Reconstruction of prompt photon in the heavy ion background has been studied by the MIT heavy ion group last summer, and it leads to the main goal of this thesis. Electrons are one of the main background of the photons, and certainly an important particle type that future studies might need. Inside the CMS detector there will be a roughly constant magnetic field 4.0 Tesla maintained by a superconducting magnet, which allows good measurement of the particle momentum. A slice of the detector is shown in Figure 1. The detector consists of several parts, from inside to outside there are silicon trackers, electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), hadronic calorimeter (HCAL), and finally the muon chambers. The tracker is specialized of measuring the momentum of charged particles. The particles will leave a trace on the tracker as they fly through the detector. One important feature about the readout of the tracker is that the output is not binary. Instead, it has an multiple-bit ADC value which allows for better measurement of the direction and better identification of the particle that passes through the tracker. This makes the tracker good for heavy ion events. The electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters measure energies of different types of particles. Particles such as electrons and photons will deposit most of its energy into the electromagnetic calorimeters, whereas hadrons dump most of their energy into the hadronic calorimeter. The measurement of missing energy in hadronic calorimeter also provides signature of new particles. This study will be focused on the reconstruction of electrons in heavy ion back ground. The reconstructed electrons are then used to show that the reconstruction of the invariant mass of Z⁰ boson in heavy ion background is possible. The expected number for various particles is listed in section 2. In section 3 the simulated samples used for the study. In the following two sections the reconstruction procedure and the reconstruction properties for electrons. In section 6 the background sources to electrons and the reconstruction of Zo are discussed. Last but not least, additional cuts used for Z⁰ reconstruction and the results are written in section 7.
by Yi Chen.
S.B.
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BABINSKI, MARLY. "Metodologia isotopica Pb/Pb. Aplicacao aos migmatitos e rochas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1988. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9894.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Hardtke, David H. "Pion interferometry in 158 GeV/Nucleon Pb+Pb collisions /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948158627786.
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Sparrenberger, Irena. "A cassiterita da subprovíncia do Rio Paranã (GO): datações U-Pb e Pb-Pb e caracterização mineral." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44134/tde-29092015-103828/.
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Esta dissertação teve como objetivo a implantação do método de datação U-Pb em cassiterita no Centro de Pesquisas Geocronológicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, utilizaram-se amostras da mineralização estanífera da Subprovincia do Rio Paranã, extremo nordeste do Estado de Goiás. A área compreende unidades de idade mínima transamazônica, representadas pelo Complexo Granito-Gnáissico e pela Formação Ticunzal, superpostas por metassedimentos predominantemente psamíticos do Grupo Araí, com idade aproximada de 1.770 Ma, e intrudidos por granitóides estaníferos paleo a mesoproterozóicos. Pegmatitos alojados nas duas primeiras unidades correspondem a outras manifestações da mineralização de estanho na subprovíncia. Datações pelo método K-Ar em muscovita situaram a idade da mineralização nos pegmatitos entre cerca de 2.000 Ma e 2.130 Ma. As análises por U-Pb na cassiterita confirmaram estes valores na maior parte dos casos. Quanto aos granitóides, uma idade U-Pb em cassiterita de 1.535\'+OU-\'57 Ma foi obtida. A metodologia U-Pb em cassiterita mostrou-se útil, desde que tomadas precauções como a análise de várias amostras distintas e a caracterização mineral prévia da fase, a fim de selecionar amostras isentas de inclusões de minerais portadores de Pb. Datações pelo método Pb-Pb resultaram incorretas na maior parte das vezes em função de excesso de Pb comum derivado de inclusões, especialmente de feldspato. A composição isotópica de Pb mais radiogênica foi verificada em cassiterita de rocha granitóide, analogamente ao reportado em Gulson & Jones (1992), sugerindo que o método pode ter melhor resposta se aplicado em mineralizações neste tipo de rocha. Caracterizou-se a ocorrência de pelo menos duas fácies distintas mineralizadas nos pegmatitos, com base na natureza de suas inclusões.The purpose of this work was to set up the cassiterite U-Pb method of dating at Centro de Pesquisas Geocronologicas of Universidade de São Paulo. Samples of tin mineralization from the subprovíncia do Rio Paranã, Goiás State, were used to perform the experience. The area includes units of transamazonian minimum ages, represented by complexo Granito-Gnáissico and formação Ticunzal , overlayed by metamorphosed sandstones mainly, with ages close to 1.770 Ma, and intruded by paleo to mesoproterozoic tin granites. Pegmatites that cut the first and second units correspond to another manifestation of tin mineralization in the area. Muscovite K-Ar ages situated the pegmatites mineralization between 2,000 Ma and 2,130 Ma. The cassiterite U-Pb analyses confirmed these values in most cases. In relation to the granitoids, one single U-Pb age in cassiterite of 1,535 \'+ ou -\' 57 Ma was obtained. The cassiterite U-Pb methodology proved useful since caution is taken, as dating of many distinct samples and mineralogical characterization of the phase prior to dating in order to select samples without inclusions of pb-bearing minerals. The most radiogenic isotopic composition of Pb was verified in cassiterite from a granitoid rock, in analogy to what was reported by Gulson & Jones (1992). This suggests that the method can give better results if applied to mineralization in such rocks. The occurrence of at least two mineralized distinct facies was characterized in the pegmatites, based on its inclusions peculiarities.
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Maurin, Jean-Christophe. "Analyse de zônes décrochantes dans le Fossé de la Benoue (Nigéria) et systématiques U-Pb et Pb-Pb appliquées aux minéralisations uranifères et Pb-Zn associées." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594951d.
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Poirier, André. "Géochimie isotopique Re-Os et Pb-Pb : approches environnementale et météoritique /." Thèse, Montréal : Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Montréal ; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24575367.
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Thèse (D. en ressources minérales)--Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005.En tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montréal. Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique.
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Steinberg, Peter A. (Peter Alan) 1969. "Search for disoriented chiral condensates in 158 AGeV ²⁰⁸Pb+Pb collisions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50340.
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GROSA, FABRIZIO. "Strange and non-strange D-meson production in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2796753.
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Festanti, Andrea. "Measurement of the D0 meson production in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions with the ALICE experiment at the LHC." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424138.
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This thesis presents the measurement of the charmed D0 meson production relative to the reaction plane in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision of sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV, and the measurement of the D0 production in p–Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
The D0 azimuthal anisotropy with respect to the reaction plane is sensitive to the interaction of the charm quarks with the high-density strongly-interacting medium formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and, thus, to the properties of this state of matter. In particular, this observable allows to establish whether low-momentum charm quarks participate in the collective expansion of the system and whether they can reach thermal equilibrium with the medium constituents. The azimuthal anisotropy is quantified in terms of the second coefficient v2 in a Fourier expansion of the D0 azimuthal distribution and in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAA, measured in the direction of the reaction plane and orthogonal to it. The measurement of the D0 production in p–Pb collisions is crucial to disentangle the effects induced by cold nuclear matter from the final state effects induced by the hot medium formed in Pb–Pb collisions.
The D0 production is measured in both systems by reconstructing the two-prong hadronic decay D0 → K−π+ in the central rapidity region, exploiting the separation of the decay vertex from the primary vertex. The raw signal is obtained with an invariant mass analysis, and corrected for selection and reconstruction efficiency.
A positive elliptic flow v2 is observed in Pb–Pb collisions in the centrality class 30–50%, with a mean value of 0.204 + 0.099 - 0.036 in the interval 2 < pT < 6 GeV/c, which decreases towards more central collisions. Consequently, the nuclear modification factor shows a stronger suppression in the direction orthogonal to the reaction plane. The v2 and the RAA measured in two azimuthal regions with respect to the reaction plane are compared to theoretical calculations of charm quark transport and energy loss in high-density strongly-interacting matter. The models that include substantial elastic interactions with an expanding medium provide a good description of the observed anisotropy.
The D0 nuclear modification factor RpPb in p–Pb collisions is compatible with unity within uncertainties. The measured RpPb is compared to theoretical models including initial state effects, as well as to the nuclear modification factor measured in central Pb–Pb collisions. The D0 RpPb results are consistent with the modification of the nucleon parton distribution functions induced by the nuclear environment, and provide experimental evidence that the modification of the D meson momentum spectrum observed in Pb–Pb with respect to pp collisions is due to strong final state effects induced by the hot medium.La tesi presenta la misura della produzione di mesoni D0 rispetto al piano di reazione in collisioni Pb–Pb all’energia nel centro di massa di sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV per coppia di nucleoni e la misura della produzione di D0 in collisioni p–Pb all’energia di sqrt(sNN) = 5.02 TeV con l’esperimento ALICE situato al Large Hadron Collider del CERN. L’anisotropia azimutale dei mesoni D0 rispetto al piano di reazione è sensibile alle interazioni del quark charm con il mezzo ad alta densità e fortemente interagente prodotto in collisioni tra ioni pesanti ad energia ultra-relativistica e, di conseguenza, alle proprietà di questo stato della materia. In particolare, permette di stabilire se i quark charm partecipano all’espansione collettiva del sistema e se raggiungono l’equilibrio termico con i costituenti del mezzo. L’anisotropia azimutale è quantificata tramite il secondo coefficiente v2 dello sviluppo in serie di Fourier della distribuzione azimutale dei mesoni D0 e tramite la misura del fattore di modifica nucleare RAA nel piano di reazione e nella direzione ortogonale ad esso. La misura della produzione di D0 in collisioni p–Pb permette di studiare gli effetti indotti dalla materia nucleare fredda, in modo da poterli distinguere da quelli indotti dal mezzo denso fortemente interagente prodotto in collisioni Pb–Pb. La produzione di mesoni D0 è stata misurata attraverso la ricostruzione dei decadimenti adronici a due corpi D0 → K−π+ nella regione centrale di rapidità, sfruttando la separazione dei vertici secondari di decadimento rispetto al vertice primario d’interazione. Il segnale è stato ottenuto attraverso un’analisi della distribuzione di massa invariante e corretto per l’efficienza di ricostruzione e selezione dei decadimenti. Il coefficiente di flusso ellittico v2 dei mesoni D0 misurato in collisioni Pb–Pb nella classe di centralià 30–50% è positivo, il valore medio nell’intervallo 2 < pT < 6 GeV/c è pari a 0.204 + 0.099 - 0.036. Di conseguenza, il fattore di modifica nucleare è minore nella direzione ortogonale al piano di reazione. Il v2 osservato decresce all’aumentare della centralità delle collisioni. Il v2 e l’RAA misurato in due regioni azimutali ortogonali rispetto al piano di reazione sono stati confrontati con calcoli teorici per il trasporto e la perdita di energia dei quark charm nella materia densa fortemente interagente. L’anisotropia osservata è descritta dai modelli che includono le interazioni elastiche tra i quark all’interno di un mezzo in espansione. Il fattore di modifica nucleare dei mesoni D0 RpPb è compatibile con l’unità entro le incertezze. RpPb è stato confrontato con predizioni teoriche che descrivono gli effetti di stato iniziale e con il fattore di modifica nucleare misurato in collisioni Pb–Pb centrali. I risultati sono consistenti con effetti dovuti alla modifica delle funzioni di distribuzione partoniche all’interno dei nucleoni legati e dimostrano che la modifica della distribuzione del momento trasverso dei mesoni D osservata in collisioni Pb–Pb rispetto a quella in collisioni pp è dovuta alla perdita di energia dei quark charm nel mezzo denso fortemente interagente.
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Santos, Zalduegui Jose Francisco. "Evolution du complexe mafique-ultramafique du cabo ortegal (espagne) : etude isotopique des systemes u-pb, rb-sr et pb-pb." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077329.
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Le complexe catazonal de cabo ortegal fait partie de la chaine varisque en europe occidentale. Des hypotheses diverses sur l'origine et evolution de ce complexe et complexes associes dans le no du massif iberique (ordenes, braganca et morais) ont ete proposees. Cependant, il restait encore de nombreux problemes a resoudre. Une etude gechronologique et geochimique a ete effectuee sur plusieurs echantillons provenant de ces complexes. Dans le cas du complexe de cabo ortegal, l'etude d'un meta-plagiogranite confirme l'existence d'un episode magmatique a ca. 470 ma (u-pb sur zircon) dans l'unite ophiolitique. L'existence d'un composant herite dans les zircons et la composition isotopique du sr initial suggerent une participation de materiaux crustaux dans la formation d'une croute oceanique. Cet episode magmatique est comparable a celui deja reconnu dans les granulites et eclogites du meme complexe. La datation u-pb et rb-sr sur quatre echantillons appartenant a l'unite granulitique/eclogitique indique l'existence d'un processus metamorphique majeur a ca. 390-400 ma. Il serait accompagne d'une fusion partielle du manteau et la croute. Cet age a ete interprete en relation avec un evenement de subduction suivi d'une obduction rapide des complexes. Dans le meme complexe, on a effectue une etude u-pb-pb et rb-sr des pyroxenites et peridotites exposees aux massifs d'herbeira et uzal. Les resultats indiquent que ces roches derivent d'une source avec de rapports u/pb et rb/sr plus elevees que ceux des sources morb a present. Finalement, dans l'unite de malpica tuy, situee structurellement au dessous du complexe du cabo ortegal, on a etabli l'age du magmatisme calc-alcalin a 480 ma (u-pb sur zircon) avec la participation d'un ancien composant de croute continentale (> 1800 ma). La datation rb-sr des roches metamorphiques en facies eclogite de cette unite indique un age de ca. 360 ma pour le refroidissement subsequent au metamorphisme de haute pression
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Gabler, Frank. "Produktion doppelt seltsamer Hyperonen in ultrarelativistischen Pb+Pb Kollisionen bei 158 A·GeV." Frankfurt a.M, 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979028167.
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Lowe, Geoffrey T. "The columnar to equiaxed transition in Pb-Sn and Sn-Pb alloys." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29658.
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The columnar to equiaxed transition has been studied experimentally using accurate temperature measurements and with a heat transfer mathematical model in Pb-1.5%Sn and Sn-10%Pb alloys. The behaviour of the two alloys was markedly different. In the Pb-1.5%Sn alloy, the transition did not occur until a large portion of the liquid thermally supercooled. At this point the temperature gradient in the liquid is very low, approximately O℃/mm. For Sn-10%Pb, the transition occurred at a positive temperature gradient of approximately 0.12℃/mm which confirms earlier work by Mahapatra and Weinberg. Supercooling was also found to occur in this alloy but it is not certain whether the supercooling is constitutional or thermal. The difference in the behaviour of the two alloys is related to the density of nuclei prior to directional solidification. Altering the method to release latent heat by using the Scheil equation or the Lever rule instead of the traditional linear assumption in the mathematical model did not have a significant effect on the predicted temperatures or temperature gradients in the Pb-1.5%Sn alloy. The effect was seen when the Sn-10%Pb alloy was considered. The difference is attributed to the total amount of latent heat to be released by a particular alloy.Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Fronze, Gabriele Gaetano. "Study of quarkonium production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions with ALICE at the LHC : and optimization of the muon identification algorithm." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0132/document.
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ALICE est dédié à l'étude d'un état de la matière nucléaire dans lequel les quarks et les gluons ne sont plus confinés dans les hadrons, qui est appelé Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). La production de bottomonia (états liés beauté antibeauté) est sensible au QGP parce-que les états du bottomonium sont formés avant la formation du QGP et traversent le plasma pendant son évolution. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est la mesure des modification des mésons Upsilon dans le canal de désintégration en deux muons en collisions Pb-Pb à √SNN = 5.02 TeV. En outre, un nouveau framework pour l'analyse des performances des détecteurs utilisés pour l'identification des muons a été réalisé et utilisé pour l'analyse des données du RUN1 et RUN2 du LHC. Enfin, et avec l’objectif d’optimiser des résultats de l’analyse, un nouvel algorithme d’identification de muons a été développé. Cet algorithme deviendra nécessaire pour faire face aux nouvelles conditions de prise de données du RUN3, pendant lequel une reconstitution quasi-en ligne du détecteur est prévueALICE is devoted to the study of a deconfined state of nuclear matter called Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), in which quarks and gluons behave as free particles. The bottomonium (bound states of beauty-anti beauty quark) production is affected by the presence of the QGP, since bottomonium states are produced sooner than the QGP and witness the whole evolution of the plasma. In this analysis the data coming from Pb-Pb collisions have been analysed in order to detect possible modifications of the production rates in the dimuon decay channel, with respect to the rates observed in proton-proton collisions. Furthermore, the performances of the detectors involved in the muon identification during the LHC RUN1 and RUN2 has been tested using a new analysis framework implemented as part of this thesis. Finally, in order to optimize the results of future analyses, a new muon identification algorithm has been developed and tested. This algorithm will become necessary in the LHC RUN3 running conditions, when the much higher luminosity will require a quasi online reconstruction of data
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WANDERLEY, Helmara Giccelli Formiga. "Cotidiano, cultura e lazer em Pombal: contradições do progresso (1927 - 1959)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2009. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1905.
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HELMARA GICCELLI FORMIGA WANDERLEY - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2009..pdf: 24011889 bytes, checksum: 75268137eb7e29ecf910d43f9df250c4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T15:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELMARA GICCELLI FORMIGA WANDERLEY - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2009..pdf: 24011889 bytes, checksum: 75268137eb7e29ecf910d43f9df250c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04
Este trabalho analisa o processo de urbanização ocorrido na cidade de Pombal, no Alto Sertão da Paraíba, bem como a formação de novas sensibilidades e subjetividades e as tensões que marcaram a vida dos habitantes dessa cidade no período entre 1927 e 1959. Objetivamos compreender como as elites letradas e econômicas daquela urbe e os populares apropriaram-se dos discursos modernizantes em vigor na época, e como experienciaram as mudanças materiais e simbólicas que perpassaram a cidade naquele momento. Também desejamos mostrar algumas das práticas diversionais que marcaram o cotidiano dos pombalenses das diversas classes sociais. Para atingirmos os nossos objetivos, discutimos inicialmente o conceito de modernidade e modernização, compreendendo o primeiro termo, como o processo de remodelamento urbanístico típico das capitais européias, ocorrido no século XIX, especialmente em Paris e Londres, e que se caracterizavam pela velocidade na implantação de algumas conquistas materiais. No que se refere ao segundo termo, entendemos como a introdução de alguns elementos modernos, que chegavam lentamente à cidade desprovidos do ritmo frenético típico das referidas capitais. Igualmente importantes são os conceitos de lazer e diversão, entendendo-se este último conceito como as práticas diversionais não programadas e aquele como as atividades calculadas, programadas que visavam policiar os divertimentos populares e /ou das elites. Assim sendo, pretendemos mostrar os usos e práticas, mas também algumas representações que os pombalenses construíram para a cidade no momento em que ela se problematizava.
his work analyse the urbanization process occurred in the Pombal's town in the Paraíba high backwoods, well as the formation of new sensibilities and subjectivity and the tensions that appoint the inhabitants life of this town in the period between 1927 and 1959. Aim to understand as the literate and economic elite of that urban and populars appropriate of the modernize discourse in effect in the epoch, and had as experienced the material and symbolic changes that went the town in that moment. Desire to show some diversion practices too that appoint the everyday of the pombalenses of the diverses social classes. To catch our aims , argue at the beginning the modernity and modernization concept understanding the first as the process of remodeling urbanistic typical European Capitals, occurred in the XIX century, especially in Paris and London and that characterized by speed in the implantation some materials conquest. Already in relation to the second term knows as the introduction of some elements that arrived slowly modern the town devoid of frenzied rhythm typical of the refer capitals. Equally important are the leisure and amusement concept, understand that this last concept as diversion practices non programmed and that as the calculable activities, programmed that propose to police the elite and/or popular entertainment. So, we intend to show the uses and practices, but some representations too that the pombalenses built to the town in the moment in that it problematised itself.
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Souza, Carla Verônica D'Amato de. "Predicados inacusativos no PB." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/182817.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2017.Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T03:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 349641.pdf: 1617780 bytes, checksum: ee8d9dc4c39fcbdb0c49950f49551353 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo propor uma subdivisão na classe dos predicados inacusativos a partir do comportamento heterogêneo dos membros dessa classe em construções que se pressupõe um argumento agentivo. Inacusativos são verbos monoargumentais que selecionam apenas argumento interno (PERLMUTTER 1976; BURZIO 1986). Não seria esperado, portanto, que figurassem em construção pseudoclivada do tipo O que X fez foi; nem com advérbios , como deliberadamente, cautelosamente e cuidadosamente; ou sob o escopo de modais deônticos; assim como seria esperada também uma restrição desses predicados à flexão no imperativo Nossa hipótese, baseadas nos estudos de Rothstein (2004), Pires de Oliveira e Rech (2016) e Rech e Varaschin (2017), é de que a possibilidade de um inacusativo figurar em construções que pressupõe um participante agentivo, como as citadas acima, está relacionada ao controle que o argumento do inacusativo pode exercer sobre as fases preparatórias do evento descrito pelo VP. Desta maneira, fundamentamos nossa proposta de subdivisão da classe dos inacusativos entre aqueles que permitem e os que não permitem um controle por parte de um participante com a mesma referência do argumento do inacusativo. Em um grupo, inserimos inacusativos que são achievements incrementados, nos quais um participante correferente ao argumento tema do inacusativo pode controlar as fases preparatórias do evento descrito pelo VP: emagrecer, chegar e entrar; em outro, inserimos os inacusativos não passíveis de controle, tais como florescer, sobreviver, cair.
Abstract : This dissertation aims to propose a subdivision in the class of unaccusatives predicates from the heterogeneous behavior of class subjects in constructions that assumes an agentive argument. unaccusatives are monoargumentary verbs that select only internal argument (Perlmutter 1976; BURZIO 1986). It would not be expected, therefore, that they appear in pseudoclivada construction of type O que X fez foi; Nor with adverbs, as deliberadamente, cautelosamente e cuidadosamente; Or under the scope of deontic modes; As would be expected also a restriction of these predicates to flexion in the imperative. Our hypothesis, based on studies of Rothstein (2004), Pires de Oliveira and Rech (2016) and Rech and Varaschin (2017), is that the possibility of an unaccusative figure in constructions that presupposes an agentive participant, as mentioned above, is related to the control that argument of unaccusative can exert on preparatory phases of the event described by the VP. In this way, we base our proposal of class subdivision of unaccusatives between those that allow and those that do not allow a control by the participant with the same reference of the unaccusative argument. In a group, we insert unaccusatives that are incremental achievements, in which a correferent participant to theme argument of unaccusative can control the preparatory phases of the event described by the VP: emagrecer, chegar and entrar; in another, we insert non-controllable unaccusatives, such as, florescer, sobreviver, cair.
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Ferreira, Éricka Sales. "A agricultura familiar no município de Solânea (PB) : o capital social no contexto do desenvolvimento territorial." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8066.
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Ao falar em desigualdades e dificuldades do meio rural, o Nordeste brasileiro tem sido uma das regiões que reflete esta realidade. Não só pela presença dos fatores físicos (provavelmente o de menor peso na balança), mas, principalmente, por fatores sociais e históricos, como a concentração de terras, a produção baseada na monocultura, a grande desigualdade no meio rural, a falta de políticas públicas voltadas para as suas necessidades e interesses e, como conseqüência, a fuga de grande parte da população rural para os centros urbanos. Uma forma de amenizar essas desigualdades é incentivar a agricultura familiar. Frente ao desengajamento e às carências do Estado, os coletivos ou as organizações de agricultores passam a assumir novos papéis. Um exemplo de busca de superação das dificuldades encontradas no espaço rural por meio de coletivos de agricultores é o município de Solânea (PB), localizado no agreste paraibano, em uma área de transição entre duas unidades morfoclimáticas, o Brejo e o Curimataú, sendo uma úmida e outra semi-árida. O município vem desenvolvendo projetos de convivência com a seca e fortalecimento da agricultura familiar com apoio de órgãos governamentais e não governamentais. Tais iniciativas foram desenvolvidas após a década de 1980 quando as lavouras de algodão (principal produto da época) foram praticamente dizimadas pela praga do bicudo, fazendo com que houvesse a fragmentação das grandes fazendas em parcelas menores. Para desenvolver esta discussão, as abordagens teóricas sobre o capital social, vinculado ao desenvolvimento territorial servirão de referencial. Assim, compreender o capital social como potencializador da agricultura familiar, articulando-se ao desenvolvimento territorial, tendo como espaço de análise o município de Solânea (PB) constitui o objetivo geral da pesquisa. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
When speaking of the inequalities and problems of rural areas, the Northeast of Brazil has been one of the regions that reflects this reality. Not only the presence of physical factors (probably the least weight on the scale), but mainly by social and historical factors, such as concentration of land, production based on monoculture, the great inequality in rural areas, lack of political public policies for their needs and interests and, consequently, the flight of much of the rural population to urban centers. One way to mitigate these inequalities is to encourage familiar agriculture. Faced with the disengagement and the needs of the state, collectives or organizations of farmers are taking on new roles. A sample search for overcoming the difficulties encountered in rural areas by groups of farmers is the city of Solana (PB), located in the Caatinga in a transition area between two units morphoclimatic, the Heath and Curimataú, a wet and a semi-arid. The city has been developing projects coping with drought and strengthening of familiar agriculture with the support of government agencies and nongovernmental organizations. These initiatives were developed after the 1980s when the cotton fields (the main product of the time) were virtually decimated by the bicudo plague, were causing the fragmentation of large ranches into smaller portions. To develop this discussion, the theoretical boardings on the capital, linked to regional development will serve as a reference. Thus, understanding social capital as an enhancer of familiar agriculture and is linked to territorial development, with the space analysis of the city of Solânea (PB) is the aim of the research.
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Canile, Fernanda Maciel. "Geologia isotópica em zircões detríticos (U-Pb, Hf e O) e em rocha total (Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb) das rochas da Bacia do Paraná em Santa Catarina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-24022016-140417/.
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Dados isotópicos U-Pb, Hf e de O foram obtidos em zircões detríticos das unidades do final do Paleozoico e início do Mesozoico da Bacia do Paraná, sudeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a proveniência dos sedimentos, assim como contribuir para o entendimento da evolução tectônica da bacia. Assinaturas isotópicas Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb em amostras de rocha-total também foram obtidas com o intuito de auxiliar na interpretação sobre as áreas fontes. A seção estudada, Coluna White em Santa Catarina, inclui rochas de 11 unidades estratigráficas (da base para o topo): Formação Rio do Sul, Formação Rio Bonito, incluindo os membros Triunfo, Paraguaçu e Siderópolis, Formação Palermo, Formação Irati, Formação Serra Alta, Formação Teresina, Formação Rio do Rasto, subdividida nos membros Serrinha e Morro Pelado, e Formação Botucatu, Idades U-Pb foram obtidas em 1941 grãos de zircão detrítico e variam de 242 Ma a 3,4 Ga. Todas as unidades sedimentares apresentam quatro grupos principais de zircões detríticos, Neoarqueano (2,7-2.5 Ga), Paleoproterozoico Médio (2,0-1,8 Ga), Grenviliano (1,1-0,9 Ga) e Brasiliano (850-490 Ma), refletindo a importância do embasamento Pr-e-Cambriano que bordeja a parte leste da bacia como áreas fontes, tais como as Faixas Dom Feliciano, Kaoko e Namaqua-Natal, incluindo o embasamento local datado em 584 Ma. O Membro Siderópolis apresenta uma importante mudança nas fontes dos sedimentos que preencheram a Bacia do Paraná, pois é a partir dessa unidade que o pico de idade permiana (266 a 290 Ma) é observado. Esse pico persiste até o topo da seção, a Formação Botucatu. As assinaturas isotópicas de O e Hf dos zircões detríticos mostram que parte dos grãos do Paleoproterozoico Médio é provavelmente de rochas do embasamento atualmente recoberto, que estava exposto até a deposição da Formação Rio Bonito. Os isotópos de Hf e O também mostram que parte dos zircões com idade grenviliana é proveniente de rochas argentinas, o que implica em longas distâncias de transporte. As assinaturas isotópicas de parte dos grãos permianos os ligam a fontes da Argentina e Chile, sendo que parte desses grãos possui forma mais arredondada, o que sugere que eles alcançaram a bacia pelo transporte em ambientes subaquáticos e não somente pelo ar (quedas de cinzas vulcânicas) como é comumente apontado. Outros picos de idade mais jovens (Ordoviciano ao Carbonífero), observados a partir da Formação Palermo e nas unidades superiores, também são provenientes de fontes argentinas e chilenas, mostrando a importância dos detritos de fontes distantes durante o preenchimento da bacia. Os dados Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb em rocha total mostram que os sedimentos da Bacia do Paraná apresentam predominância de fontes de origem crustal. As assinaturas são semelhantes aos granitoides de Santa Catarina, rochas da Faixa Ribeira, do Escufo Brasileiro, das Faixas Namaqua-Natal e Kaoko, Terreno Arequipa-Antofalla (embasamento dos Andes) e granitoides do Norte da Patagônia. Esses dados corroboram os padrões de zircões detríticos observados, que apontam para áreas fontes tanto proximais quanto distais. Além disso, as idades modelo Sm-Nd (\'T IND. DM\') obtidas são mais antigas que 1,4 Ga e mais negativas (-10 a -15) nas unidades inferiores (Formação Rio do Sul até o Membro Paraguaçu), enquanto que as unidades superiores apresentam valores de \'\'épsilon\' IND.Nd(0) entre -6 a -12 e idades modelo \'T IND.DM\' mais jovens que 1,5 Ga, sugerindo a participação de uma fonte mais jovem a partir da deposição do Membro Siderópolis, conforme foi observado pelos dados de zircão detrítico (pico de idade permiana)U-Pb, Hf and O isotope data were obtained from detrital zircons from late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic units from Paraná Basin, southeastern Brazil, in order to constain the provenance of the sediments, as well as to contribute to the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the basin. Whole rock Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb isotopic signatures were also taken in order to help the interpretation. The studied section, White Column in Santa Catarina state, includes rocks from 11 stratigraphic units (from base to top): Rio do Sul Formation, Rio Bonito Formation (Triunfo, Paraguaçu and Siderópolis members), Palermo Formation, Irati Formation, Serra Alta Formation, Teresina Formation, and Rio do Rasto Formation (Serrinha and Morro Pelado members) and Botucatu Formation. U-Pb ages were obtained on 1941 detrital zircons and range from 242 Ma to 3400 Ma. All sedimentary units show four main detrital age groups, Neoarchean (2700-2500 Ma), mid-Paleoproterozoic (2000-1800 Ma), Grenvillian (1100-900 Ma) and Brasiliano (850-490 Ma), reflecting the importance of the Precambrian basement bordering the east side of the basin, such as Dom Feliciano, Kaoko and Namaque-Natal Belts as source areas, including the local basement that was dated at 584 Ma. The Siderópolis Member shows an important change in the source of sediments with a Permian age-peak (266 to 290 Ma). This age-peak persists towards the top of the section until the Botucatu Formation. O and Hf isotopic signatures from the detrital zircons show that a portion of the mid-Paleoproterozoic grains is probably from rocks of the presently covered basement, which was exposed until the deposition of the Rio Bonito Formation. O and Hf isotopes also show that some Grenvillian aged zircons are from Argentinian rocks, which implies a long transport distance. Isotopic signatures of part of the Permian grains also link them to sources from Argentina and Chile, and part of these grains has more rounded shapes, suggesting that they reached the basin after long distance traveling on subaquatic environment and nor only through the air (ash falls) as it is commonly accepted. Other younger age peaks (Ordovician to Carboniferous) found from Palermo Formation upsection are also linked to Argentinian and Chilean sources, showing the importance of distant sources during the filling of the basin. The Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb data on whole rocks show that the sediments from the Paraná Basin present predominance of sources with crustal origin. Osotopic signatures are similar to granitoid rocks from Santa Catarina, Ribeira Belt, Brazilian Shield, Namaqua-Natal and Kaoko Belts, as well as the Arequipa-Antofalla terranes (Andes basement) and granitoids from North Patagonia. These data corroborate the observed detrital zircon patterns thar point to both proximal and distal source areas. \'T IND.DM\' model ages older than 1.4 Ga and more negative (-10 to -15) epsilon values were observed in the lower units (Rio do Sul Formation to Paraguaçu Member), while the upper units show \'\'épsilos\' IND.Nd(0)\' values ranging from -6 to -12 and \'T IND. DM\' model ages younger than 1.5 Ga, corroborating the addition of a younger source starting from the Siderópolis Member deposition upwards, as noted by detrital zircon data (Permian age-peak).
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Büsching, Henner. "Azimutale Photonen-Korrelationen in ultrarelativistischen p+A-, Pb+Pb- und Au+Au-Reaktionen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967352363.
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Reichhold, Dennis M. "Two-Kaon and Two-Proton Interferometry in 158 GeV/Nucleon Pb+Pb Collisions /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318508921.
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Lindén, Tomas. "Strangelet search and particle production studies in Pb-Pb collisions at 158A GeV /." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/fysii/vk/linden/.
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Lea, Ramona. "Produzione di ipernuclei leggeri in collisioni Pb-Pb con l'esperimento ALICE a LHC." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8582.
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2011/2012The subject of the present PhD thesis is the study of the production of light hypernuclei in ultra-relativistic Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment), one of the four major experiments at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The main physics goal of the ALICE experiment is the investigation of the properties of the strongly interacting matter at high energy density ($>$ 10 GeV/fm$^3$) and high temperature ($\approx$ 0.2 GeV) conditions. According to the lattice Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) calculations, under these conditions (i.e. high temperature and large energy density) hadronic matter undergoes a phase transition to a ``plasma'' of deconfined quarks and gluons (Quark Gluon Plasma, QGP). In the first chapter of the thesis a general introduction to the heavy-ion physics will be given. Then the main quantities related to QGP formation (i.e. \textit{probes}) will be described. Finally the most important results obtained at SPS, RHIC and LHC experiments will be shown and discussed. In the second chapter a short description of the LHC and its experimental conditions will be reported and an overview of the ALICE experiment will be given. A description of the different detectors and their performances during data taking will be described; in addition a description of the computing framework will be given. The third chapter will be devoted to an introduction of the (anti)(hyper)nuclei production in heavy-ion collisions. The two main approaches which are believed to govern nuclei production (i.e. coalescence and thermal models) will be described, and an overview on the results at different energies will be shown. A comparison of the theoretical results will be also shown, with particular regards to the energies at the LHC. The fourth chapter is devoted to the description of the analysis method used to get (anti)hypertriton production yield in \PbPb~collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 2.76~TeV with the ALICE experiment via its mesonic decay \hyp~$\rightarrow$ \he + \pim (\antihyp $\rightarrow$ \antihe + \pip). In the beginning of the chapter the analysis technique used for particle identification and for the determination of secondary vertices will be described. The analysis will be divided into two distinct parts: the first one based on the data sample collected by the ALICE experiment during the first LHC heavy-ion run held at the end of 2010, while the second one based on data collected at the end of 2011. A detailed description of the study on efficiency evaluation and signal extraction will be shown for both analysis, together with a study of the systematic uncertainties. The results on the production yield of (anti)hypertriton will also be shown. The estimation of the hypertriton lifetime will be provided in the final section of the chapter.\\ In the fifth chapter the method used to obtain the \pt~spectrum of \he~will be presented. The raw spectra, the efficiency evaluation, systematic errors and feed-down from \hyp~will be presented. The final spectrum will be used to evaluate the production yield of \he(\antihe) in the whole \pt~region, from 0 to $\infty$. \\ Finally, in the last chapter, the present experimental results will be compared with published relevant results and with the most recent theoretical findings. Moreover, the measurement of the ``Strangeness Population Factor'' [S$_{3}$= \hyp/\he/($\Lambda$/p)] at the LHC energies will be provided. This quantity is a valuable tool to probe the nature of dense matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and to validate theoretical models.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Questa tesi è dedicata allo studio della produzione di ipernuclei leggeri in collisioni ultra-relativistiche di ioni piombo (Pb) con l'esperimento ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment), uno dei quattro grandi esperimenti del Large Hadron Collider (LHC) del CERN. Il principale obiettivo scientifico dell'esperimenento ALICE è lo studio delle proprietà della materia in condizioni estreme di energia (> 10 GeV/fm^3) e di temperatura (~ 0.2 GeV) mediante lo studio di collisioni di ioni piombo. Calcoli di Cromo Dinamica Quantistica (QCD) su reticolo prevedono, infatti, che in condizioni di alta temparatura e grande energia la materia adronica subisca un transizione di fase verso un ``plasma'' di quark e gluoni deconfinati (Quark Gluon Plasma, QGP). Nel primo capitolo della tesi verranno descritte in maniera generale la fisica degli ioni pesanti e le grandezze caratterische usate per provare la formazione del QGP (probes). Verranno quindi mostrati e discussi i risultati sperimentali che possono provare l'esistenza di uno stato deconfinato della materia nucleare ottenuti agli esperimenti a SPS, RHIC e LHC. Nel secondo capitolo saranno brevemente presentati il Large Hadron Collider (LHC) e le condizioni sperimentali di lavoro durante i primi tre anni di presa dati; in seguito verrà data un'ampia panoramica dell'esperimento ALICE. Saranno descritti i differenti sotto-rivelatori che formano l'esperimento e verranno inoltre mostrate le loro performance durante l'acquisione dati; inoltre verrà fornita una descrizione del framework di calcolo utilizzato nell'analisi dei dati. Il terzo capitolo sarà dedicato alla descrizione dei maccanismi di produzione di (anti)(iper)nuclei in collisioni di ioni pesanti: verranno descritti i due meccanismi di produzione che si ritiene governino la loro produzione (coalescenza e modello termico) e verrà mostrata una panoramica sui risultati ottenuti a diverse energie. Inotre saranno presentati diversi calcoli teorici, ponendo particolare attenzione ai risultati aspettati all'energia di LHC. Il quarto capitolo contiene la descrizione del metodo di analisi utilizzato per valutare lo yield di pruduzione dell'(anti)ipertritone attraverso il suo canale di decadimento mesonico \hyp~$\rightarrow$ \he + \pim (\antihyp $\rightarrow$ \antihe + \pip) in collisioni \PbPb~con energia nel centro di massa $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 2.76~TeV. Inizialmente verrà descritta la tecnica di analisi utilizzata per l'identificazione di particelle e dei vertici secondari, quindi sarà fornita la descrizione dettagliata della tecnica di analisi. L'analisi dei dati è stata siddivisa in due distinte parti: la prima è dedicata alla descrizione della procedura utilizzata per l'analisi dei dati raccolti da ALICE durante la prima acquisizione di collisioni Pb--Pb alla fine del 2010; nella seconda parte, invece, verrà descritta la procedura di analisi dei dati raccolti durante la seconda presa dati nel Dicembre 2011. Verranno quindi descritte in modo dettagliato l'estrazione del segnale, lo studio del fondo combinatoriale e gli errori sistematici. Infine, nella parte finale del capitolo, varrà fornita una stima della vita media dell'ipertritone.\\ Nel quinto capitolo sarà presentato il metodo usato per ottenere lo spettro in pT di (anti-3He)3He. Verranno descritti: la procedura di estrazione del segnale, la stima dell'efficienza in funzione del momento trasverso, la valutazione degli errori sistematici e la procedure usata per sottrarre il feed-down dovuto al decadimento dell'ipertitone. Lo spettro verrà quindi utilizzato per valutare lo yield di produzione di (anti-3He) 3He. Infine, nel sesto e ultimo capitolo, i risultati sperimentali ottenuti verranno confrontati con i risultati teorici discussi nel Capitolo 3.
XXV Ciclo
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BABINSKI, MARLY. "Idades isocronicas Pb/Pb e geoquimica isotopica de Pb das rochas carbonaticas do grupo Bambui na porcao sul da bacia do Sao Francisco." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1993. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10339.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Sao Paulo
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Lagos, Markus. "Das Verteilungsverhalten von Pb und anderen Chalkophilen : Implikationen für die Pb-Isotopenentwicklung der Erde /." Münster, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000252693.
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Menezes, Wanessa Basílio de. "Caracterização Molecular de isolados do vírus rábico dos Estados do RN,PB e PB." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2013. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/336.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system, causing encephalitis and almost 100% lethality once the signs and symptoms start. This study describes the genetic characterization of rabies virus strains isolated in samples from domestic and wild animals acquired in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco in the period of 2001 to 2012, aiming to contribute to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of rabies. Eighty fivesamplespositivethrough direct immunofluorescenceandbiological test,provided by theCentral Laboratoryof Public Healthof RioGrande do Norte(LACEN-RN) and theRabies Laboratoryof the Federal Universityof CampinaGrande(UFCG-Campos Patos) were analyzed, and underwent RT-PCR directedto thenucleoprotein geneand subsequentlysequencing was performed.In this study67% ofsampleswere positiveinRT-PCR and 40% presented viablesequences. Theaggregation patternobtainedin the phylogenetic treeresulted in the formationof the main expectedgroupsof rabies virussamples, i.e., antigenic variants2, 3; insectivorous batvariant;andfixed sample(CVS).The study andconstant monitoringof these variantsare extremely important, sincegenetic changescanlead toproteinmodifications, andwith itvaccineinefficiency
A raiva é uma enfermidade de origem viral, que afeta o sistema nervoso central, ocasionando encefalite e praticamente 100% de letalidade uma vez iniciados os sinais e sintomas. Este estudo descreve a caracterização genética das cepas de vírus rábico isoladas de amostras de animais domésticos e silvestres nos Estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco no período de 2001 a 20012 visando contribuir para o entendimento da epidemiologia molecular da raiva. Foram analisadas 85 amostras positivas pela imunofluorescência direta e prova biológica cedida pelo Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Norte (LACEN-RN) e o Laboratório de Raiva da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG-Campus Patos) e submetidas a RT-PCR direcionada ao gene da nucleoproteína e posterior sequenciamento.No presente estudo 67% da amostras apresentaram positividade na RT-PCR e 40% apresentaram sequencias viáveis. O padrão de agregação obtido na árvore filogenética resultou na formação dos principais grupos esperados de amostras do vírus da raiva, ou seja, variante antigênica 2, 3 e variante de morcego insetívoro e amostra fixa (CVS). O estudo e a monitoração constante dessas variantes são de extrema importância, pois alterações genéticas podem levar a modificações protéicas, e com isso ineficiência vacinal
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Wheaton, Spencer Miles. "The centrality dependence of thermal parameters in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6512.
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Includes bibliographical references.A review of the Hardon Gas model and its application to Pb+Pb CERN SPS collision data at a beam energy of 158 GeV/nucleon. The centrality dependence of the freeze-out parameters, characterizing both the hadron multiplicities and the transverse momentum spectra, are determined. This privides valuable information on the effect of the system size on chemical-and thermal frees-out and contributions towards the systematic understandig of the experimental data.
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Salzwedel, Jai. "Lambda femtoscopy in √sNN = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions at ALICE." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1483568167792529.
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Arsenescu, Renius. "Pion production studies in Pb D+ Pb collisions at 1587 A Ge V/c /." Bern : [s.n.], 1999. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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SOUZA, Maria Rodrigues de. "Traçando destinos, entrecruzando territórios: sociabilidade dos redeiros de Patos-PB." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1489.
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SOUZA, Maria Rodrigues de. Traçando destinos, entrecruzando territórios: sociabilidade dos redeiros de Patos-PB. 2004. 163f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2004.Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2011-12-06T11:16:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_DIS_MRSOUZA.pdf: 812716 bytes, checksum: 2f6721e1286fb2cb070dcb4f87a7f777 (MD5)
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In this work I analyse forms of sociability among hammock sellers from Patos, PB, including living experiences with their marital partners, using the methodology of interviews and the direct observation of aspects of their daily lives. The theoretical perspective has as main founts: (1) contributions done by Marcel Mauss on the theme of sociability nets, which are built around structures of giving and reciprocity; (2) the contributions done by Bourdieu on the theme of honour among the Kabila; (3) the contributions done by Simmel, with his discussion on sociability forms. In order to understand the social organisation of hammock sellers and theirs wives in the context of hammocks and other sales and other craft-works sales, I used the ethnographic method and did semi-structured interviews. Besides it I made direct observation and participated in informal chats between hammock sellers I chose, in order to have some life stories. Among the main outcomes of my research I bring out the following: (1) the honour of the hammock sellers from Patos-PB is built with reference to the debt logic; (2) the sociability of hammock sellers is determined by the imposed reciprocity of debt, which helps them in building and make strong social links; (3) the hammock sellers honour expresses itself in varied forms according to the different places in which hammock sellers circulate. It varies as well as a function of social roles they play at the community.
Neste trabalho analiso as formas de sociabilidade dos redeiros de Patos-PB, incluindo as vivências com seus cônjuges, a partir da observação e mergulho nos aspectos do cotidiano de suas vidas. A perspectiva teórica adotada tem como principais matrizes:os conceitos de dádiva e reciprocidade na constituição de redes de sociabilidade (MarcelMauss0; a noção de honra (Bourdieu)e forma de sociabilidade (Simmel) (1) a contribuição de Marcel Mauss, com sua discussão relativa às redes de sociabilidade constituídas em torno das estruturas de dádiva e de reciprocidade; (2) a contribuição de Bourdieu, em seus estudos sobre a honra entre os Kabilia; (3) a contribuição de Simmel, com sua discussão a respeito das formas de sociabilidade. Para compreender a organização social dos redeiros-vendedores e das suas mulheres no contexto das vendas das redes, cangas e mantas, bem como as maneiras pelas quais eles constroem e reconstroem as mais diversas formas de sociabilidade e trabalho frente a outros sujeitos sociais nos múltiplos espaços por onde transitam ao efetivarem suas vendas, utilizei a etnografia como metodologia, realizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas, conversas informais, observação participante e sistematizando algumas histórias de vida. Dentre as principais conclusões do trabalho destaco as seguintes: (1) a honra entre os redeiros de Patos-PB é construída a partir da lógica da dívida; (2) a sociabilidade dos redeiros é determinada pela reciprocidade obrigatória da dívida, que favorece a construção e fortalecimento de laços sociais; (3) a honra se expressa de várias formas nos diferentes lugares e papéis sociais ocupados e desempenhados pelos redeiros na relação da dádiva
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Nóbrega, Lara Santina Santos da. "O desvelar do centro histórico de João Pessoa pelo turista/flâneur." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15052.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Excelência em Turismo, 2013.Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2014-01-13T10:44:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_LaraSantinaSantosdaNobrega.pdf: 7285978 bytes, checksum: 39ee4abc852175ab6fc06d70722760d9 (MD5)
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Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de discutir a relação entre a experiência de caminhar/passear e o desvelar do Centro Histórico de João Pessoa pelo turista/flâneur. O fenômeno turístico, a experiência turística, o tempo, o caminhar/passear, o turista/flâneur, a paisagem e o olhar do turista são abordados como conceitos essenciais para esta discussão. Inicialmente, o turismo é tratado a partir dos discursos tidos como mais pertinentes, e que o concebem como fenômeno, como experiência do sujeito, considerando-se os sentidos daqueles que o envolvem. Nesse processo de desvelar da cidade, o tempo é um fator relevante e se configura como um elemento diferencial para a experiência do turista. Caminhar/passear pela cidade transcende, aqui, a noção de uma mera atitude locomotiva do corpo, posto que tais ações englobam o local, a maneira como se passeia e o olhar daquele que passeia. Propõe-se, assim, a concepção de um turista diferente daquele indivíduo tido apenas como mero consumidor de cartões-postais. O turista/flâneur evocado neste projeto é aquele que passeia pelos lugares com desenvoltura e atenção, sempre disponível às diferentes percepções. Descreve-se, ainda, a capital paraibana e a consolidação do seu Centro Histórico, com o intuito de fazer uma breve apresentação do estudo de caso em questão. A partir do Centro Histórico de João Pessoa, empreenderam-se as considerações sobre a experiência singular de caminhar/passear pela cidade. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This thesis aims to discuss the relationship between the experience of roaming/walking and the unveiling of João Pessoa’s Historic Center by the tourist/flaneur. The phenomenon of tourism, the tourist experience, the time, the roam/walking, the tourist/flâneur, the landscape and the tourist gaze are discussed as essential concepts to this discussion. Initially, tourism is treated from the speeches considered more relevant, and that conceive it as a phenomenon, as the subject experience, considering the senses of those who involve them. In this process of uncovering the city, the time is a relevant factor and is configured as a differential element to the tourist experience. Roam/walking through the city transcends, here, the notion of a mere locomotive attitude of the body, since such actions include the location, the way you walk and the look of that who walks. It is proposed, thus, the conception of a different tourist than that individual had as a mere consumer of postcards. The tourist/flâneur evoked in this dissertation is one who walks through places with ease and attention, always available to different perceptions. It describes, also, Paraiba’s capital and the consolidation of its Historic Center, in order to make a brief presentation of the case study in question. From the Historic Center of João Pessoa, the considerations were undertaken on the unique experience of roaming/walking in the city.
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SANTANA, Flávio Carreiro de. "Recriando espaços, inventando lugares: Memória e oralidade sobre as transformações urbanas em Pombal (1930-1950)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2007. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1787.
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FLAVIO CARREIRO DE SANTANA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2007..pdf: 12837167 bytes, checksum: 493e34e5376d3c339f3792a0f65c2fef (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T16:37:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FLAVIO CARREIRO DE SANTANA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2007..pdf: 12837167 bytes, checksum: 493e34e5376d3c339f3792a0f65c2fef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Cidade, memória, passado, representações, transformações materiais e suas implicações simbólicas, eis algumas das preocupações dessa narrativa escrita que pretende ser, antes de tudo, uma incursão científica pela qual convidamos o leitor a percorrer conosco. Motivados por tais interesses, esta incursão pretende apresentar os resultados de nossa pesquisa referente às representações criadas para as transformações materiais e simbólicas vividas em Pombal - Pb, entre 1930 e 1950. Enquanto problematizações, procuramos entender se estas transformações sofridas no espaço urbano pombalenses foram vividas e lembradas de forma coletiva, quais as alterações mais representativas e que ficaram presentes na memória dos nossos narradores, e quais as lembranças e sentimentos dessas pessoas pata com o acontecimento pesquisado. Paia tanto, buscamos explorar tais significações a partir das falas de seus antigos (re)memoradores, possibilitadas peio emprego metodológico da história orai Consoante às evidências orais também foi possível perceber outras representações criadas para o mesmo acontecimento e diversas daquelas, através de evidencias escritas enunciadas peio discurso oficial da Câmara Municipal, bem como pelas representações agenciadas peia historiografia local. Neste sentido, nossos narradores enunciaram representações sobre tais transformações ocorridas em Pombal menos como uma experiência marcada peia pessoalidade e idealizações de progresso, e mais como significações envoltas em estranheza e exclusão social provocadas por essas transformações materiais. Para tanto, as narrativas da memória dos nossos antigos (re)memoradores puderam reconstruir e reinventar no presente, práticas culturais compartilhadas socialmente. São representações criadas para a cidade naquele instante de suas transformações materiais e simbólicas, compondo pela oralidade outros cenários, personagens, tramas e apropriação dos espaços pombalenses.
City, memory, past, representations, materiai transformations and its symbolic questions arc some concerns of me written narrative presented here, ft intends to be a scientifical path through which we invite the reader to walk with us. Moved by these interests, this path intends to present the results of our research related to representations generated by symbolic and material transformations experienced in the municipality of Pombal, State of Paraíba between 1930 and 1950. As analytical issues, we seek to understand if those transformations happened in the urban space in the municipality of Pombal were experienced and are recalled collectively, what are the more significant changes which we kept in the memories of our narrators and which are the memories and feelings of those people related to the events under study. By using the methodology of oral history, we explored the meanings constructed in the memories of old people. According to oral evidence, it was also possible to observe other representations created about the same event than those in the written document constructed by official discourse of the Munieipiialy Board and the local historiography, in this sense, our narrators told representations about transformations happened in Pombal which were less a personal experience and idealizations of progress and more meanings attached to the íèeiing of social exclusion. The memories of old people reconstruct in the present some cultural practices shared in the past. They are representations about the city in that historical moment and its material and symbolic transformations, construction through oraliry other sceneries, people, stories and uses of space.
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CONSTANS, NICOLAS. "Etude du mecanisme de suppression anormale du meson j/psi dans les collisions pb-pb." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077045.
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Cette these a pour objet l'analyse de donnees accumulees pendant les mois d'octobre et novembre 1998 par l'experience na50, situee dans la zone nord du cern. Il s'agit de collisions de noyaux de plomb, realisees par l'envoi d'un faisceau de 158 gev /nucleon cree dans le super proton synchroton (sps), sur une cible de 3 mm d'epaisseur. La finalite de cette experience est de mettre en evidence le deconfinement des quarks dans ces collisions. Cette phase de la matiere, jamais observee jusqu'ici, a ete predite par des calculs numeriques de qcd sur reseau. Elle doit se traduire par un net amoindrissement de la production du meson j/psi. Ce phenomene, appele suppression du j/psi est provoque par une propriete fondamentale du milieu deconfine, l'ecrantage de l'interaction forte. Le j/psi est detecte dans na50 par sa desintegration en paires de muons. La specificite des donnees de 1998 par rapport aux precedentes (1995 et 1996), a ete d'utiliser une cible tres fine pour diminuer les reinteractions, qui biaisaient les collisions les plus centrales auparavant. L'analyse de la production du j/psi est realisee dans cette these en fonction de 2 parametres : l'energie transverse et celle des fragments spectateurs. Deux methodes sont proposees pour y parvenir. L'une, classique, rapporte la section efficace du j/psi a celle du processus de reference drell-yan, en les tirant tous deux d'un ajustement du spectre de masse des muons. L'autre realise le meme rapport, mais determine le drell-yan a partir de modeles theoriques reliant parametre d'impact de la collision et energies emises, afin de diminuer les erreurs statistiques. Les resultats obtenus pour la suppression du j/psi, cumules avec ceux de 1996, montrent 2 brusques changements de regime en fonction des energies mesurees, qui sont semblables a un processus d'ecrantage successif des resonances charmees. Ceci plaide donc en faveur de l'obtention au cern, dans les collisions centrales pb-pb, d'un milieu de quarks deconfines.
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Wu, Tao. "Production de phi et oméga dans les collisions Pb-Pb à 158 Gev par nucléon." Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004516.
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Dans les collisions les plus centrales d'ions lourds aux énergies accessibles au SPS du CERN la matière est porté fugitivement dans des conditions de densité et d'énergie (quelques GeV/fm^3) qui pourraient conduire à une transition vers un nouvel état de la matière, le plasma de quarks et de gluons. La caractérisation de la production d'un tel état transitoire repose sur l'observation de phénomènes associés comme l'effet d'écran sur les paires liées de quarks lourds comme le J/psi(grec), où l'augmentation de la production de particules étranges comme le phi. La collaboration NA50 mesure les paires de muons produites dans les collisions , en coi͏̈ncidence avec diverses observables destinées à caractériser la collisions. Cette thèse traite principalement de la production de mésons phi mesurés par la collaboration NA50 au cours de l'année 2000, pour laquelle le dispositif de détection bénéficiait de plusieurs améliorations. Un nouveau déclenchement pour le dénombrement des collisions permettait un meilleur accès aux collisions les plus périphérique et aux collisions centrales. On a pu effectivement obtenir un très bon accord entre le spectre expérimental et celui obtenu par un modèle géométrique (Glauber), et vérifier par des comparaisons croisées des multiplicités de plusieurs catégories de paires de muons que celles ci ne montraient pas de biais systématique pour les collisions les plus centrales. Des comparaisons croisées (J/psi, minimum bias, en fonction de l'énergie transverse) ont aussi été utilisées pour déterminer les efficacités dues aux coupures sur les événements. Finalement la multiplicité du J/psi observée dans ces résultats ne confirme pas une brutale décroissance pour les collisions très centrales, qui pouvait être suggérée par des résultats précédents. Inversement, il n'y a pas non plus d'évidence pour une saturation de la suppression, comme prédit par plusieurs modèles théoriques ne faisant pas appel à la formation de plasma pour expliquer la suppression anormale de J/psi observée dans le rapport J/psi/DY au dessus de Et=40 GeVIn the most central collisions of Pb-Pb nuclei at SPS CERN, sufficiently high values of energy density could be reached so that a transient new state of matter, the plasma of quarks and gluons (QGP) could be formed. The identification of the production of this state relies on consequences it could induceon final products of the collision, like J/psi suppression due to screening effect on the quark pair potential, or increase of the strangeness production in the plasma. Measuring muon pairs in coincidence with observables characterising the PbPb impact parameter, like the transverse energy E-T produced, the NASO experiment bas observed the anomalous suppression of the J/psi and the enhancement of the phi(grec) production. This thesis deals mainly with the phi production study in the data collected by NA50 in year 2000, with an improved experimental setup, in particular concerning the trigger used for measurement of the transverse energy distribution of the Pb-Pb collisions, and rejection of collisions not occurring in the target. These improvements have given a better access to peripheral and central collisions. The transverse energy spectrum obtained is nicely reproduced by a Glauber geometrical model of the collision, from a low E-T threshold. A cross check between various muon pairs multiplicities do not exhibit systematical bias for the most central collisions. Similarly a cross comparison between J/psi and minimum bias events as a function of E-T bas been used to determine the effect on the efficiency of signal determination, of rejections performed on the events. The behaviour of J/psi multiplicity with E-T which is obtained in this study does not confirm the additional drop that could have been suggested by previous results. Inversely the observed decrease of the J/psi multiplicity divided by the number of n-n collisions determined in the Glauber calculation does not seem to saturate for the most central collisions, as predicted by several models which does not suppose the formation of a QGP. The multiplicities and cross sections that we obtain with 2000 datas for phi and w(omega) are in agreement with the ones obtained with previous data sets. The change in the phi branching ratio into dimuons partly reconciles NA50 phi multiplicities with the one measured by NA49 experiment, but the slopes of the MT spectra remains very different. In summary this study confirms the results previously obtained, and brings additional information about most central collision, for J/psi and phi multiplicities. The interest of the phi/w(omega) ratio as a direct estimate of the square of the strangeness saturation factor γs is underlined
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Glidle, A. "Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of Prussian Blue systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384757.
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Poujol, Marc. "Etude U-Pb et Pb-Pb de la Murchison Greenstone Belt et du bassin aurifère d'Evander, Afrique du Sud : implications pour l'évolution du Kaapvaal Craton." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20196.
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Cette étude présente de nouvelles données U-Pb et Pb-Pb sur le Central Rand Group du bassin aurifère d'Evander et sur la Murchison greenstone belt, Afrique du Sud. Le bassin aurifère d'Evander, non encore étudié d'un point de vue géochronologie, est localisé à l'est du bassin du Witwatersrand. L'étude des zircons détritiques donne une population essentiellement comprise entre 3050 et 2850 Ma, le plus vieux étant âgé de 3180 Ma. Elle permet aussi la mise en évidence d'une phase de croissance de zircon (ou de remise à zéro du système U-Pb de grains détritiques) reliée à la mise en place des laves de Ventersdorp à ca. 2. 7 Ga. Des pyrites détritiques provenant du mur du Kimberley Reef donnent des âges plus anciens que l'âge minimum du dépôt des sédiments du bassin du Witwatersrand. Les pyrites authigènes ainsi que certaines pyrites détritiques provenant des zones altérées du Kimberley Reef définissent deux événements. Le premier, daté à 2370 Ma, est à relier à la subsidence du bassin liée au dépôt des séquences supérieures du Transvaal et semble associée à la circulation de fluides fortement radiogéniques. Le second, daté aux alentours de 2020 Ma, est contemporain de la mise en place du Bushveld Complex et de l'impact météoritique de Vredefort. , les fluides ayant ici une signature beaucoup moins radiogénique. Cette étude démontre une évolution complexe multi-phase des minéralisations d'or et d'uranium au niveau du bassin du Witwatersrand. La Murchison greenstone belt représente une des régions les plus riches en antimoine. Elle renferme aussi des minéralisations d'or, de Cu-Zn et d'émeraude. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer l'âge de la ceinture ainsi que celui des minéralisations, mais aussi d'estimer le rôle potentiel que les granitoïdes ont pu jouer lors des processus de formation des minéralisations. La mise en place de la ceinture est ainsi datée entre 3. 09 et 2. 97 Ga. Trois phases magmatiques majeures ont pris place à 2. 97, 2. 82 et 2. 68 Ga. Les pyrites associées avec les minéralisations d'Au-SB et de Cu-Zn définissent un âge isochrone de 2. 97 Ga suggérant qu'elles sont à relier à la mise en place du Maranda batholith et des roches volcaniques de la Rubbervale Formation à 2. 97 Ga. Les pyrites associées aux émeraudes au sud de la ceinture reflètent un mélange entre le plomb provenant d'un socle ancien à 3. 23 Ga et celui de l'événement magmatique à 2. 97 Ga. La Rubbervale formation et le Maranda batholith représentent par conséquent une importante métallothèque dont l'importance de ne s’applique pas à la seule région de Murchison, mais aussi à l'importante question de l'origine de l'or dans le Witwatersrand.
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Ståhl, André. "Measurement of W bosons in p-Pb at 8.16 TeV and charmonia in Pb-Pb at 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX079/document.
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Les collisions d’ions lourds à haute énergie du grand collisionneur de hadrons, permettent d'étudier les propriétés de la matière nucléaire et de produire l'état chaud et dense de la matière déconfinée connu sous le nom de plasma de quarks et de gluons (QGP). Afin d'étudier les effets dus à la matière nucléaire dans les collisions d'ions lourds, la production de deux sondes dures importantes est étudiée dans cette thèse: les bosons W et les charmonia (mésons J/ψ et ψ(2S)).Les effets de la matière nucléaire froide, associés à la modification nucléaire des fonctions de distribution des partons (PDF), peuvent être caractérisés en étudiant la formation des bosons W dans les collisions d'ions lourds. En effet, la production des bosons W est déterminée par la diffusion dure initiale, puisque ces bosons n'interagissent pas fortement avec le milieu induit par la collision. L'analyse de la production des bosons W dans les collisions p-Pb à sqrt(s[NN]) = 8,16 TeV avec le détecteur CMS est présentée dans la première partie de cette thèse. Les résultats sont en bon accord avec les calculs des PDFs incluant les modifications nucléaires, alors qu'ils excluent significativement l'hypothèse de nucléons libres, pour des fractions d’impulsion x petite. Puisque les mesures sont plus précises que les calculs des modèles, les résultats des bosons W ont le potentiel de contraindre les paramétrisations des PDF nucléaires, ce qui pourrait améliorer notre compréhension des effets des PDF sur d'autres sondes dures, comme les charmonia.La production des charmonia est sensible à la formation et à l'évolution du milieu forte interaction formé lors de collisions d'ions lourds, en faisant ainsi une excellente sonde du QGP. La suppression ou l'augmentation des différents états du charmonium sont considérées comme des signatures de la présence du QGP. Dans cette thèse, la production prompte et non-prompte des mésons J/ψ est mesurée dans des collisions Pb-Pb à sqrt(s[NN]) = 5,02 TeV. De plus, la modification des mésons ψ(2S) par rapport aux mésons J/ψ est mesurée pour le même système de collision. Le facteur de modification nucléaire des charmonia est déterminé en fonction de la centralité, de la rapidité et de l'impulsion transverse pT. La production des mésons J/ψ prompts est supprimée dans les collisions Pb-Pb par rapport aux collisions p-p normalisés par le nombre de collisions binaires, bien qu'une suppression plus faible soit observée à 3 < pT < 6,5 GeV/c dans les collisions centrales. La production des quarks b, sondés par les charmonia non prompts, est également supprimée dans toute la région cinématique mesurée, et une plus faible suppression est observée à haut pT. En ce qui concerne les mésons ψ(2S), ils se révèlent plus fortement supprimés que les mésons J/ψ dans les collisions Pb-PbHeavy ions are collided at high energies at the Large Hadron Collider, allowing to study the properties of nuclear matter and to produce the hot and dense state of deconfined matter known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). In order to probe the nuclear matter effects present in heavy-ion collisions, this thesis study the production of two important hard probes: W bosons and charmonia (J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons).The cold nuclear matter effects, associated to the nuclear modification of the parton distribution functions (PDFs), can be characterised by studying the formation of W bosons in heavy-ion collisions. The production of W bosons represents an important tool to asses the PDF modifications, which impact the initial hard scattering, since these bosons do not interact strongly with the collision-induced medium. The analysis of the W-boson production in p-Pb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 8.16 TeV with the CMS detector is presented in the first part of this thesis. The results are in good agreement with PDF calculations including nuclear modifications, while they strongly disfavour the free-nucleon hypothesis at small momentum fractions x. Since the measurements are more precise than the model calculations, the W-boson results have the potential to constrain the nuclear PDF parametrisations, which could eventually improve our understanding of the PDF effects on other hard probes, such as charmonia.The production of charmonia is sensitive to the formation and evolution of the strongly-interacting medium formed in heavy-ion collisions, thus making of it an excellent probe of the QGP. The suppression or enhancement of the different charmonium states is considered a signature of the presence of the QGP. In this thesis, the production of prompt and nonprompt J/ψ mesons is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV. In addition, the modification of the ψ(2S) mesons relative to J/ψ mesons is reported for the same collision system. The nuclear modification factor of charmonia is determined as a function of centrality, rapidity and transverse momentum pT. The production of prompt J/ψ mesons is suppressed in Pb-Pb collisions compared to binary-scaled p-p collisions, although a weaker suppression is observed at 3 < pT < 6.5 GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions. The production of b quarks, probed by the nonprompt charmonia, are also suppressed over the full kinematic region measured, and a reduced suppression is observed at high pT. Regarding the ψ(2S) mesons, they are found to be more strongly suppressed than J/ψ mesons in Pb-Pb collisions
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Tarhini, Mohamad. "Mesure de la production du boson Z et du J/ψ dans les collisions p-Pb et Pb-Pb à √sNN = 5.02 TeV avec ALICE." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS283/document.
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Les collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes sont considérées comme un outil unique pour produire, enlaboratoire, un milieu chaud et dense interagissant fortement, le Plasma de Quarks etde Gluons (PQG). Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude de deux sondes, les J/ψ et les bosons Z, qui peuvent aider àatteindre une meilleure compréhension des propriétés du PQG.Dans les collisions d’ions lourds, il existe une observable importante pour étudier la formation du PQG, c’est lamesure de la production des J/ψ. L’importance des différents effets qui peuvent augmenter ou supprimer cetteproduction varie avec l’énergie de la collision. Dans cette thèse, la production des J/ψ est mesurée avec lescollisions Pb-Pb à √sNN =5.02 TeV, en utilisant principalement le spectromètre à muons du détecteur ALICE. Lefacteur de modification nucléaire des J/ψ est présenté en fonction de la centralité des collisions, la rapidité etl’impulsion transversale (pT). En outre, les résultats sur le pT moyen du J/ψ sont présentés. La comparaison entreles résultats expérimentaux et divers calculs théoriques suggère que la production du J/ψ est affectée dans le milieupar deux processus concurrents : le dissociation et le régénération.Dans les collisions d’ions lourds, l'état initial de la collision peut aussi affecter les résultats, en l'absence deformation du PQG. La compréhension et la quantification des tels effets est crucial pour les séparer de ceuxprovoqués par la présence du PQG. Un de ces effets est la modification nucléaire des fonctions de distribution despartons (PDFs). La mesure de production du boson Z dans les collisions d’ions lourds est un outil puissant pourétudier la modification nucléaire des PDFs car il n’est pas affectés par la présence d'une matière en forteinteraction. La seconde partie de cette thèse est dévolue à la mesure de la production des bosons Z, pour lapremière fois dans ALICE, avec les collisions p-Pb et Pb-Pb à √sNN =5.02 TeV. Dans les collisions Pb-Pb où laprécision de la mesure est plus élevée, l'accord entre les données et des calculs théoriques est meilleur lorsque cesderniers prennent en compte la modification nucléaire des PDFsUltra relativistic heavy-ion collisions are considered as a unique tool to produce, in the laboratory, thehot and dense strongly-interacting medium, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). This thesis is dedicated to the studyof two powerful probes, the J/ψ and Z-boson, that can help reaching a better understanding of the properties of theQGP.An important observable to study the QGP formation in heavy-ion collisions is the measurement of the J/ψproduction. The sizes of the different effects that can enhance or suppress this production vary with the collisionenergy. In this thesis, the J/ψ production is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV using mainly themuon spectrometer of the ALICE detector. The J/ψ nuclear modification factor is presented as a function ofcollision centrality, rapidity and transverse momentum (pT). In addition, results on the J/ψ average pT and squaredaverage pT are also obtained. The comparison between the results and various theoretical calculations suggests thatthe J/ψ production is affected in the medium by an interplay between dissociation and regeneration mechanisms.In heavy-ion collisions, the initial state of the collision can affect the results even in the absence of the QGP.Understanding and quantifying such effects is crucial in order to separate them from the ones caused by thepresence of the QGP. One of these effects is the nuclear modification of the parton distribution functions (PDFs).The measurement of Z-boson production in heavy-ion collisions is a powerful tool to study the nuclearmodification of PDFs since it is not affected by the presence of the strongly-interacting medium. The second partof this thesis is devoted to measure the Z-boson production, for the first time with ALICE, in p-Pb and Pb-Pbcollisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. In Pb-Pb collisions where the precision of the measurement is higher, the agreementbetween data and theoretical calculations is better when the latter take into account the nuclear modification of thePDFs
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LOPES, Guilherme Sobreira. "Microanomia e valores humanos: contribuições para compreensão do comportamento antissocial." www.teses.ufc.br, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11780.
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LOPES, Guilherme Sobreira. Microanomia e valores humanos: contribuições para compreensão do comportamento antissocial. 2015. 103f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-05-04T12:20:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_gslopes.pdf: 854978 bytes, checksum: 8a831e0a43311b1815c2dc0e3ac5facd (MD5)
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Anomie is a condition of the social structure characterized by the absence or weakening of social norms. At the individual level, is the state of decompensation or imbalance on the prioritization of personal values front to social values. In this sense, a psychological construct appears to be particularly associated with anomie: human values. This dissertation aimed to evaluate the value basis of anomie and its relations with antisocial behavior. Therefore, two studies were performed. Study I aimed to evaluate the relationship between value decompensation between low congruence values and demographics. Participated of this study 1147 students of primary and secondary school and college city of João Pessoa - PB, aged between 10 to 45 years (m = 16.1, SD = 4.5, and 64.8% between 11 and 17 years ) with majority women (60.1%), Catholic (60.6%) and from public schools (52.1%). They answered the Basic Values Questionnaire - QVB and demographic issues. The application of the instruments occurred in schools and universities. The results indicated that microanomie does not depend of social class, but varies according to gender and age group. Study II aimed to test the hypothesis of consistency and compatibility of human values and evaluate the microanomie in samples of general population and imprisoned. To do so, two samples were considered. The first included 994 individuals from the general population, aged between 14 to 56 years (m = 21.7, SD = 6.3, and 49.8% between 18 and 25 years), mostly female (50.6%), heterosexual (87.6%) and Catholic (49.5%). The second included 762 prisoners aged between 19 to 66 years (m = 29.6, SD = 8.5, and 49.5% between 19 and 27 years), predominantly male (71.9%), heterosexual (87 7%) and Catholic (42.1%). The first sample responded to the QVB and demographic issues. The sample of incarcerated answered the QVB and 73 items that addressed different facets of their lives, namely: prison history, educational profile, employment profile, family structure, experiences in the prison system, mental health indicators and demographic questions. The results confirmed the hypothesis of consistency and compatibility. On the other hand, the assumptions related to the comparison of microanomie levels in the general population and prisoners were refuted. This study brings contributions to the understanding of antisocial behavior and to the development of theoretical models.
Anomia é um estado patológico da estrutura social caracterizado pela ausência ou enfraquecimento das normas. Em nível individual, é o estado de desequilíbrio valorativo referente à priorização de valores pessoais frente a valores sociais. Neste sentido, um construto psicológico parece estar especialmente associado à anomia: os valores humanos. A presente dissertação teve por objetivo avaliar as bases valorativas da anomia e suas relações com os comportamentos antissociais. Para tanto, realizaram-se dois estudos. O Estudo I tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre os desequilíbrios valorativos de baixa congruência e aspectos demográficos. Participaram do estudo 1147 estudantes de ensino fundamental, médio e universitário da cidade de João Pessoa – PB, com idades entre 10 e 45 anos (m = 16,1; dp = 4,5, sendo 64,8% entre 11 e 17 anos), sendo a maioria feminina (60,1%), católica (60,6%) e da rede pública (52,1%). Estes responderam ao Questionário de Valores Básicos – QVB e a questões demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que a microanomia independe da classe social, mas varia conforme a gênero e a faixa etária. Apresentam-se questões teóricas e metodológicas que podem explicar os dados. O Estudo II objetivou testar a hipótese de congruência e de compatibilidade dos valores humanos e avaliar a microanomia em amostras da população geral e encarcerados. Para tanto, contará com duas amostras. A primeira contou com 994 indivíduos da população geral, com idades entre 14 e 56 anos (m = 21,7; dp = 6,3, sendo 49,8% entre 18 e 25 anos), majoritariamente feminina (50,6%), heterossexual (87,6%) e católica (49,5%). A segunda contou com 762 encarcerados com idades entre 19 e 66 anos (m = 29,6; dp = 8,5, sendo 49,5% entre 19 e 27 anos), majoritariamente masculina (71,9%), heterossexual (87,7%), católica (42,1%). A primeira amostra respondeu ao QVB e a questões demográficas. A amostra de encarcerados respondeu, além do QVB, a 73 itens que abordaram diferentes facetas da vida dos detentos, a saber: histórico prisional, perfil educacional, perfil laboral, estrutura familiar, experiência no sistema carcerário, indicadores de saúde mental e, por fim. , questões demográficas. Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses de congruência e compatibilidade. Por outro lado, as hipóteses relacionadas à comparação dos níveis de microanomia em indivíduos da população geral e encarcerados foram refutadas. Propõem-se possíveis explicações teóricas e metodológicas. O presente estudo traz contribuições para a compreensão do comportamento antissocial, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de modelos teóricos.
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Araujo, Luciana Gomes de 1970. "Etnobotanica caiçara : diversidade e conhecimento de recursos vegetais no litoral paulista." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315743.
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Orientador: Alpina BegossiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este estudo trata do conhecimento sobre recursos vegetais em três comunidades caiçaras do litoral de São Paulo. Caiçaras são descendentes de colonizadores europeus e índios, residem no litoral sudeste do Brasil e têm um longa história de interação com a Mata Atlântica, através do uso de recursos da floresta e do mar e outras atividades de subsistência, como a agricultura e a pesca. Hoje, os sistemas de conhecimento e manejo de recursos naturais das populações caiçaras passam por mudanças conseqüentes do crescimento do turismo, urbanização e implantação de unidades de conservação. As análises sobre o conhecimento e uso de recursos naturais por essas populações devem considerar como os aspectos históricos, ecológicos e econômicos afetam o modo de vida caiçara. Este estudo tem como objetivos descrever o conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas pela população da Praia do Bonete, situada no litoral norte de São Paulo e entender de que forma mudanças sociais, culturais, políticas e ecológicas afetam o conhecimento e o uso de plantas na Praia do Bonete e em mais duas comunidades caiçaras do litoral sul de São Paulo: Barra do Una e Praia do Una. No primeiro capítulo foi realizada uma descrição da área de estudo, especificamente das comunidades da Praia do Bonete, Barra do Una e Praia do Una e de suas populações. O segundo capítulo descreve o conhecimento de plantas da população do Bonete e a distribuição desse conhecimento na população, de acordo com sexo e idade. São consideradas plantas usadas na alimentação, para fins medicinais, construção de casas e canoas, confecção de manufaturas e lenha. No terceiro capítulo, buscou-se entender como as atividades de turismo, a urbanização e as restrições de uso de recursos naturais agem sobre o conhecimento e uso de plantas nas três comunidades caiçaras. Nos dois últimos capítulos são utilizadas medidas de diversidade para quantificar e analisar o conhecimento caiçara sobre plantas. Os caiçaras das comunidades estudadas conhecem e usam espécies vegetais nativas e exóticas da Mata Atlântica, cultivadas em quintais e roças e coletadas em ambientes naturais. No Bonete, há diferenças nesse conhecimento, entre homens e mulheres e entre os mais jovens e mais velhos. As mudanças ambientais, econômicas e sociais, pelas quais passam as populações caiçaras do litoral de São Paulo, afetam o conhecimento que elas possuem sobre os recursos vegetais, refletindo em mudanças no seu modo de vida. O papel da educação é essencial para a sobrevivência e transformação do conhecimento caiçara sobre recursos naturais e seus ambientes. Os aspectos que representam as principais tendências de mudança no conhecimento e uso de recursos naturais pelos caiçaras devem ser enfatizados em programas de manejo de recursos pelas populações locais, educação ambiental e alternativas de geração de renda
Abstract: This study focuses on knowledge and use of plant resources among the Caiçaras populations from three communities located in the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Caiçaras are rural inhabitants of the Atlantic Forest coast, descendants of native indians and portuguese. They represent populations who have a strong interaction with the natural environment, mainly by small-scale agriculture and fishing. Caiçaras' knowledge and management systems have experienced considerable social and economic changes. Here, tourism, urbanization and environmental restrictions on the use of natural resources were considered as agents of change, in a historical context. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the knowledge and use of plant resources by the population of Bonete, located in the northern portion of São Paulo coast, and to understand how economic and ecological changes affect knowledge and use of plants by the populations of three communities, located along São Paulo coast: Bonete, Barra do Una e Praia do Una. Data were collected from 1999 to 2004 during several trips. Adults, both men and women, were interviewed. Diversity measurements were used to compare the diversity of plant use among the three communities and between men and women, and people older than 40 years and less than 40 years old. The first chapter presents a description of the study area and its populations. The second chapter analyses plant knowledge among Caiçaras from Bonete and according to sex and age. Plants for different uses were considered, such as food, medicine, canoe construction and firewood. In the last chapter, it was verified the influences of tourism, urbanization and environmental restrictions on knowledge and use of plant resources in the communities of Bonete, Barra do Una and Praia do Una. The results show that Caiçaras use native and exotic species which are cultivated and also collected in the forest. The plants have different uses, such as food, medicine, and firewood. There are differences, found in Bonete, in the knowledge about plants between men and women and younger and older people for each kind of use (medicinal, food, construction, firewood). Tourism, urbanization, and less access to cultivated areas affect Caiçara livelihood, modifying the use of local resources. The main trends of changes found in Caiçara ethnobotanical knowledge should be emphasized in educational and resource management programs with local participation, as well as in alternatives for income generation
Mestrado
Mestre em Ecologia
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Russell, Jonathan. "Investigation of the potential of Pb/Pb radiometric dating for the direct age determination of carbonates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c28f08cd-9a27-4ed1-b7eb-eda43ecb469b.
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Recent studies have demonstrated the potentially robust nature of U-Pb and Pb/Pb systematics within certain sedimentary and metamorphic carbonates (e.g. Moorbath et al., 1987; Jahn, 1988; Jahn et al., 1990; DeWolf and Halliday, 1991). During the course of this work, the Pb/Pb dating technique has been applied successfully to the direct dating of Proterozoic stromatolitic carbonates from Western Australia and India, Silurian stromatoporoidal carbonates from Sweden and Archaean marbles from India, permitting the direct age determination of depositional/early diagenetic, late diagenetic and metamorphic events. Results indicate that large variations in μ value (238U/204Pb) and virtually homogeneous initial Pb isotopic compositions are a recurrent feature of sedimentary and metamorphic carbonates. Authigenic marine carbonates may incorporate U and Pb through a variety of geochemical mechanisms; - organic complexing;
- crystal lattice substitution;
- adsorption onto particulate oxyhydroxides and
- early diagenetic reduction.
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CONIN, LAURENT. "Etude de la dynamique des collisions pb + pb a 158 agev / c par interferometrie de particules." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112098.
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Nous avons etudie la dynamique des collisions pb + pb a l'aide de l'interferometrie de particules. Nous avons plus particulierement analyse l'emission des protons et des kaons, en veillant a degager une image coherente de la source en accord avec les resultats precedemment obtenus par l'etude des pions. La premiere etape a consiste a construire les fonctions de correlation experimentales proton-proton et kaon-kaon a partir des donnees enregistrees par le spectrometre de l'experience na44. Nous avons ensuite extrait les proprietes spatiales de la source au moyen d'une parametrisation gaussienne de celle-ci. L'interaction nucleaire et coulombienne des particules a ete prise en compte dans notre analyse en utilisant le modele developpe par r. Lednicky. Nous avons alors procede a l'analyse des dimensions longitudinales r l et transverses r t en comparant aux predictions de deux types de modeles : un modele hydrodynamique et deux modeles de cascades (rqmd et nexus). Cette etude a permis de mettre en evidence l'emission retardee des protons comparee aux pions. Un tel effet est predit par les modeles de cascades. Nous avons egalement montre que les protons subissent une expansion radiale comparable a celles des pions. Cette expansion semble induite dans les modeles de cascades lors de la phase de reinteraction entre les hadrons. Il apparait qu'un traitement detaille des processus mis en jeu est necessaire pour reproduire quantitativement les donnees. Nous avons egalement observe une expansion radiale de la source de kaons. Il est par contre necessaire, pour reproduire les donnees, que l'intensite de cette expansion soit inferieure a celle des pions et des protons. Une explication pourrait etre que la section efficace d'interaction des kaons avec les pions est suffisamment faible pour qu'ils ne soient pas entierement entraines par ceux-ci. Malgre tout, un tel effet n'a pas ete observe dans la version actuelle des modeles de cascades que nous avons utilises.
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SILVA, José Barbosa da. "Educação de Jovens e Adultos: o aprender a aprender e a prática pedagógica de professores na Rede Municipal de Ensino de João Pessoa." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3127.
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SILVA, José Barbosa da. Educação de jovens e adultos: o aprender a aprender e a prática pedagógica de professores na rede municipal de ensino de João Pessoa. 2007. 240f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Fortaleza-CE, 2007.Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-10T11:12:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_JBSilva.pdf: 1323885 bytes, checksum: 4af92b6aadf7b29fea9c7d7d7196282d (MD5)
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The theme of this paper is the concept and practice of learning to learn for Youth and Adults Education (EJA), carrying out research, analysis and description of the method of how this process is understood and experienced by teachers and students of literacy to fourth grade in public schools that operate in Youth and Adults Education (EJA), Given the complexity of the issue, this study is based on a methodological multi-referenced basis for, highlighting both the knowledge documented by authors from various schools of thought and science - Psychology, Education, Sociology, Philosophy, History – and that of research subjects, teachers and students of adult education as located in their circumstances of life and learning. The data shows that learning to learn in municipal schools practice combines the needs of each teacher, their teaching beliefs, and the improvisations that are necessary to fit the classes in the reality of adult education, which was deliberately taught and which was discovered by pupils and students in and out of school. The theoretical contributions of the sciences can act as auxiliaries to educators in this process, but does not offer recipes to follow. In conclusion, this research shows that learning to learn has not and does not follow a single method that can be systematically described and reproduced. Any and all information that reaches the student helps their learning. Both in and outside of the school this practice is the wide experience of all people,from birth.
O tema central deste trabalho é o conceito e a prática do aprender a aprender na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), procedendo-se à investigação, à análise e à descrição do modo de como esse processo é compreendido e vivenciado pelas docentes e pelos estudantes, da alfabetização à quarta série, em escolas municipais que atuam na EJA. Dada a complexidade do tema, este estudo apoia-se numa base metodológica multirreferencial, valorizando tanto os conhecimentos sistematizados por autores de diversas linhas de pensamento e áreas científicas - Psicologia, Pedagogia, Sociologia, Filosofia, História -, como os dos sujeitos pesquisados - professores e alunos da EJA -, situados em suas circunstâncias de vida e de aprendizagem. Os dados revelam que o aprender a aprender, na prática das escolas municipais, mescla as necessidades particulares de cada professora, as convicções pedagógicas delas, as improvisações que se fazem necessárias para o ajuste das aulas na realidade da EJA, o que foi deliberadamente ensinado e o que foi descoberto pelos alunos e alunas na e fora da escola. As contribuições teóricas das ciências podem atuar como auxiliares dos educadores nesse processo, mas não lhe oferecem receitas a seguir. Como conclusão, esta pesquisa apresenta que o aprender a aprender não seguiu nem segue um único método que possa ser sistematicamente descrito e reproduzido. Toda informação que chega ao indivíduo ajuda-o no traçado de sua aprendizagem. Fora da escola essa prática é corrente vivida por todas as pessoas, desde o nascimento.
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Chin, Lily. "Investigations into Lead (Pb) Accumulation in." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2692.
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Lead (Pb) is the number one heavy metal pollutant in the environment. The high cost and environmental concerns of conventional remediation technologies has led to an emerging alternative technology for heavy metal remediation: phytoremediation. This study was set out to advance Pb phytoremediation by investigating plant-associated factors (e.g. polyphenol levels, Pb-tannin chelation, and superoxide dismutase activity) and chemical-based factors (e.g. concentration of Pb, and the type and dosage of chelating agents in treatments) that may affect Pb accumulation. Using a hydroponic system, sand-grown Symphytum officinale L. plants were exposed to nutrient solutions with or without lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (to measure Pb content) and bovine serum albumin-protein precipitation (to measure polyphenol and tannin levels), a significant in vivo correlation between tannin level and Pb accumulation level was observed in roots of plants exposed to all Pb treatments. Higher tannin containing-lateral roots accumulated significantly more Pb than lowertannin main roots. Transmission electron micrographs of unchelated Pb-treated plants supported these findings, whilst dialysis-based in vitro Pb-chelation studies with crude S. officinale root polyphenol extracts did not. The dialysis method was likely to be subject to fructan interference. A new, more accurate and simple method based on tannin immobilisation was consequently developed. Results using this method supported the hydroponic trends. This new method was also verified with purified tannic acid (from Sigma). Together, these findings demonstrate that S. officinale root tannins have the ability to chelate Pb. This may be a mechanism to cope with Pb stress (adaptive tolerance). Despite the typical signs of Pb stress at root level (e.g. root growth inhibition, and degraded cytoplasms), shoots showed no signs of stress under any Pb treatments. Most importantly, since this chelation-based tolerance mechanism also influences the accumulation levels, the phytochemical composition of plants should also be considered when screening plants for phytoremediation. The level of Pb accumulated in the shoots depended on the concentration of Pb(NO₃)₂ and presence of chelating agents (EDTA or N-[2 acetamido] iminodiacetic acid (ADA)) in the nutrient solution. The highest level of Pb in shoots was between 0.05-0.06% (d.w. on average) using EDTA or ADA, well short of the 1% (d.w.) shoot accumulation target for Pb phytoextraction. The highest level of Pb in the roots (and of all measurements) was with unchelated 500 µM Pb(NO₃)₂; on average 2% (d.w.) accumulated in root. Overall, since S. officinale accumulated Pb predominately in the roots, it is most suited for rhizofiltration and phytostabilisation. Whilst chelating agents enhanced Pb accumulation in shoots, root levels were unexpectedly reduced compared to unchelated Pb treatments. The level of Pb translocated did not completely account for this loss. Minor factors relating to EDTA desorption of roots, EDTA specificity, and charge repulsion of the PbEDTA complex may account for some of the loss, but the main cause remains unclear. In vitro S. officinale cultures were developed and somaclonal variation (involving Pb pre-treatment of petioles) was used as a tool to further investigate, and attempt to improve its Pb phytoremediation potential. The shoots and roots of plants produced from petioles pre-treated with Pb(NO₃)₂ appeared more stressed than those without Pb pre-treatment. After re-treatment with Pb (Pb(NO₃)₂ or PbADA), plants developed from most Pb pre-treated petioles appeared to have reduced Pb accumulation and polyphenol levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity in roots (although no statistically significant trends were found). Overall, plants produced from Pb pre-treated petioles in this study may have less phytoremediation potential.
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Sample, Tony. "Materials behaviour in liquid Pb-17Li." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276224.
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Lazar, Laura [Verfasser]. "Fe/Pb layered systems / Laura Lazar." Bochum : Universitätsbibliothek, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2003. http://d-nb.info/116793296X/34.
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Salles, Adriana Amaral Flores. "O fenômeno "sujeito duplo" no PB." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, 2004. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000100651.
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Mudança na representação do sujeito pronominal, a perda da inversão livre do sujeito, as construções de tópico... são inúmeros estudos acerca das diferentes mudanças por que passa o português brasileiro (doravante PB). Alguns desses importantes estudos revelaram a existência de sujeitos duplicados, que estariam condicionados lingüisticamente e seriam conseqüência de mudanças em processo no sistema do PB, como a predominância de sujeitos plenos e a perda do estatuto de língua pro-drop. A duplicação do sujeito tem sido apresentada em diversos estudos, contudo, na maior parte das vezes, como um item de um trabalho maior sobre outro tema. Com isso muitas dúvidas têm surgido acerca dessa estrutura, também chamada de deslocamento à esquerda. Não se tem um consenso, por exemplo, quanto à sua caracterização, os fatores que condicionam sua presença no PB, nem sua origem. Este trabalho tem por base o arcabouço teórico da Sintaxe Paramétrica e uma pesquisa em tempo aparente, com que pretende estudar mais profundamente a duplicação do sujeito no PB, visando: a) definir adequadamente tópico e sujeito; b) caracterizar o fenômeno sujeito duplo; c) observar- por meio da análise de 2.400 sentenças da fala de 120 informantes - seus contextos condicionadores; d) analisar estudo indicador da origem do sujeito duplo.Changes in the representation of the pronominal subject, loss of free subject-inversion, constructions of topic? there are several studies about the different changes Brazilian Portuguese (BP) undergoes. Some of these important studies show the existence of double subjects that would be linguistically licensed and would be the consequence of changes in progress in BP, like the predominance of full subjects and the loss of the status of pro-drop language. The duplication of the subject has been presented in many studies; most of the time it has been appeared as an item of a broader work another topic. As a result, many doubts have appeared about structure, which has been called "left-dislocation", and more recently, "double subject". There isn't a consensus about its characterization, the factors that license its presence in BP or even about its origin. This paper has Parametric Syntax as a theoretical framework. It's a research in apparent time, with which we intend to study the double subject in the BP more deeply, aiming at: a) defining topic and subject correctly; b) characterizing the left-dislocated phenomena; c) observing - through the analysis of 2.400 speaking sentences of 120 informants - its conditioning contexts; d) analyzing the indicator study of the double-subject origin.
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Perona, Moreno Joaquín. "Mineralizaciones de Zn-Pb asociadas a los diapiros de Murguía y Orduña (Cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399579.
Full textAbstract:
La Cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica (CVC) se formó durante el episodio de rifting del Mesozoico entre las placas Europea e Ibérica (Vergès y García-Senz, 2001). El registro estratigráfico Mesozoico incluye rocas sedimentarias desde el Triásico hasta el Cretácico Superior. Durante el Cretácico Inferior, la intensa actividad tectónica dió como resultado la acumulación de una potente secuencia de sedimentos. En las regiones alrededor de los depocentros, las evaporitas del Triásico generaron estructuras diapíricas (García-Mondéjar et al., 1996), activas desde el Cretácico Inferior hasta el Campaniense. Posteriormente, se reactivaron durante la compresión Alpina (Paleoceno-Eoceno).
En dos de estas estructuras, los diapiros de Murguía y Orduña, existen mineralizaciones de Zn-Pb. Encajan en sedimentos siliciclásticos del Albiense superior (Fm. Valmaseda), y rocas carbonatadas del Cenomaniense superior (Serie Rítmica Cenomaniense) y del Turoniense (Margas de Zuazo, Calizas de Gárate), así como en una franja de rocas carbonatadas en la zona de contacto que tienen afinidad con la litología conocida como cap rock. Las mineralizaciones consisten en filones y cuerpos estratoligados, constituidos por esfalerita, galena, pirita, barita, dolomita, calcita y cuarzo. Se ha reconocido la presencia de materia orgánica (betunes sólidos) asociada espacialmente a los sulfuros en prácticamente todas las localidades. Los fluidos mineralizantes consisten en salmueras de hasta un 26% en peso equivalente de NaCl, con unas relaciones de halógenos compatibles con disolución de halita (Grandia et al., 2003). Los datos microtermométricos de las inclusiones fluidas, la madurez de la materia orgánica y los geotermómetros isotópicos indican temperaturas de formación entre 160 y 200ºC.
Los valores de δ34S en esfalerita y galena (+4,1 a +14,6‰) y barita (+16,2 a +24,3‰) son compatibles con la reducción de los sulfatos evaporíticos del Triásico (+13,5 a +17,4‰). En la pirita, la mayoría de los valores de δ34S están entre +3,4 y +28,8‰. Los carbonatos asociados a la mineralización presentan unos valores δ13C / δ18O menores respecto a los carbonatos marinos de la CVC. Los valores de δ13C más negativos (hasta -14‰) indican una fuente de carbono relacionada con materia orgánica, mientras que la variación de δ18O (de +17,7 a +27‰) se explica mediante la interacción de los fluidos con las distintas litologías encajantes (siliciclástica o carbonatada).
En la zona de contacto del diapiro de Murguía, se ha identificado una franja de carbonatos brechificados, de hasta 50 m de potencia interpretada como un antiguo cap rock. Está constituida principalmente por dolomita, con unos valores de δ13C negativos (hasta -20‰) y una δ18O alrededor de +25‰. Sin embargo, estos valores isotópicos iniciales han sido modificados tras la circulación de los fluidos mineralizantes.
Uno de los rasgos distintivos de las mineralizaciones peridiapíricas es la relación entre la formación del cap rock y los sulfuros Sin embargo, tanto las relaciones texturales entre la materia orgánica y los sulfuros como la composición isotópica de los carbonatos, sugieren que las mineralizaciones no están relacionadas con la génesis del cap rock.
Las relaciones 87Sr/86Sr de las fases carbonatadas varían de 0,70801 a 0,70949 en las mineralizaciones encajadas en carbonatos y de 0,70986 a 0,71202 cuando el encajante es la Fm Valmaseda. Esta relación sugiere que los valores de 87Sr/86Sr en el fluido fueron tamponados por la litología del encajante. Los valores de los isótopos de plomo en galenas son homogéneos, y están dentro del rango de los depósitos MVT encajados en Cretácico de la CVC (Velasco et al., 1996) sugieriendo una fuente de los metales similar a escala de cuenca.The Basque Cantabrian Basin (BCB) is related to rift systems that developed between the European and Iberian plates during the Mesozoic (Vergès and García-Senz, 2001). The Mesozoic stratigraphic record includes sedimentary rocks from Triassic up to Upper Cretaceous ages. The intense fault activity during the rifting led to the deposition of a very thick succession of sedimentary rocks, mainly during the Early Cretaceous. Evaporite diapirs consisting of Upper Triassic rocks developed in the regions surrounding the depocenter, and were active from Early Cretaceous to Campanian ages. During the Alpine compression (Palaeocene-Eocene) the halokinesis was reactivated. Stratabound Zn-Pb deposits are known to occur in association with the Orduña and Murguía diapirs, which are located SW of the BCB. The host rocks are sandstones of Upper Albian ages (Valmaseda Formation) and carbonates of Cenomanian and Turonian ages (Rhythmic Cenomanian Series, Zuazo Marls and Gárate Limestones). The mineralizations are also hosted in a carbonated rocks band in the diapiric contact, which are related to the cap rock lithology. The mineralizations consist on veins and stratabound bodies of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, barite, dolomite, calcite and quartz. Organic matter as solid bitumen is ubiquitous and spatially related to sulphide minerals. Sulphide stage fluid was a brine up to 26 wt % NaCl equivalent salinity with halogen ratios compatible with halite dissolution (Grandia et al., 2003). Thermal indicators (fluid inclusion, organic matter data and isotope geothermometry) show formation temperatures between 160ºC and 200ºC. δ34S values of sphalerite and galena (+4,1 a +14,6‰) and barite (+16,2 a +24,3‰) are compatible with evaporite sulphate reduction of Triassic age (+13,5 a +17,4‰). δ34S of most pyrite samples range between +3,4 and +28,8‰. Carbonates associated to sulphides show lower δ13C / δ18O values than the Mesozoic marine carbonates of the BCB. The low δ13C values (up to -14‰) indicate a carbon source related to organic matter, whereas variantions in δ18O (from +17,7 to +27‰) are explained from fluid interaction with different host rock lithologies (silicilastics and carbonates). In the Murguia diapir, a brecciated carbonate band (up to 50 m thick) at the contact zone has been interpreted as a cap rock-related lithology. Isotopic composition of carbonates shows δ13C negative values (up to -20‰) and a δ18O of about +25‰. Those original values have been modified to higher δ13C and lower δ18O values after the circulation of hydrothermal fluids, related to ore formation.. However, textural relationship between organic matter and sulphides and carbonate isotope data point to ore precipitation unrelated to cap rock formation. 87Sr/86Sr values of gangue carbonates range from 0,70801 a 0,70949 when host rocks are carbonates and from 0,70986 to 0,71202 when mineralizations are hosted in siliciclastics. This relationship suggests that 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the fluid was buffered by host lithologies, in agreement with the δ18O data conclusions. Pb isotope values in galena are homogeneous and fall within the Cretaceous field defined for other MVT deposits in the BCB (Velasco et al., 1996), pointing to similar source rocks for the metals at basin scale.
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Queiroz, Marcus Vinicius Dantas de. "Quem te vê não te conhece mais: arquitetura e cidade de Campina Grande em transformação (1930-1950)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18142/tde-01122008-171846/.
Full textAbstract:
Estuda as transformações no urbano e na arquitetura da cidade de Campina Grande, interior do Estado da Paraíba, entre os anos de 1930 e 1950. A partir de levantamento de fontes primárias, investiga como discursos e práticas de circulação nacional e internacional aportaram, repercutiram e foram apropriados no município. O intuito é compreender como as investidas do poder público e da iniciativa privada, alicerçadas nos debates médicos e técnicos da época, romperam com formas anteriores de produção e uso da cidade e do edifício, instaurando novas estéticas, sensibilidades e rotinas para circular, habitar e gerenciar as necessidades do corpo. Inicialmente, analisa a cidade à luz dos 1930, como se configuraram sua modernidade e suas formas, usos, edifícios e infra-estrutura ao longo do tempo. Em seguida, estuda como os discursos e as práticas higienistas ordenaram o cotidiano e os espaços da cidade, redefinindo suas apropriações e paisagens. Por fim, examina as ações que adaptaram a arquitetura e a antiga estrutura urbana campinense a novos padrões estéticos e de circulação viária.Studies the changes in architecture and urban spaces, in the city of Campina Grande (State of Paraiba), between the 1930s and 1950s. Using primary sources, researches how practices and speeches that had worldwide and nationwide circulation reached the city, how they were thought of, and how they were internalized by population. The aim is to understand how public and private attempts, based on medical and technical discussion of the time, departed from previous forms of production and use of the city and its buildings, and how these attempts introduced new aesthetics, sensitivities and habits in circulating, living and dealing with body needs. Initially, analyzes how modern shapes, uses, buildings and facilities rose in the city during the 1930s. Then, studies how hygienist speeches and practices disciplined daily life and urban spaces, redefining its uses and landscapes. Finally, examines the efforts in order to adapt ancient architecture and urban structure to new aesthetics and traffic standards.
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Freitas, Vivian Azor de. "A geração de magmas ácidos na Província Magmática Paraná, região de Piraju-Ourinhos (SP): uma contribuição da geoquímica isotópica e de elementos traço em rochas e minerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44143/tde-08062009-153408/.
Full textAbstract:
Os dacitos da região de Piraju-Ourinhos (SP), que se estendem por cerca de 60 km acompanhando o curso do rio Paranapanema, são as exposições mais setentrionais do magmatismo ácido da Província Magmática Paraná. Estratigraficamente, jazem sobre os arenitos eólicos da Formação Botucatu e são sobrepostos por derrames de basaltos de alto Ti tipo Pitanga. Diques e soleiras de basaltos presentes na região têm afinidades químicas variadas, podendo ser comparados aos tipos Paranapanema, Urubici e Pitanga. Os traquidacitos, classificação química dessas rochas, apresentam textura porfirítica com 5 a 15% de fenocristais de plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio, minerais opacos e apatita. A matriz afanítica a fanerítica fina é composta por vidro, plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio, quartzo e feldspato alcalino. Vidro pode constituir de 10 a 90% da matriz e em muitos casos está devitrificado, mostrando texturas reliquiares de quenching. Vesículas e amígdalas são abundantes em certas variedades de traquidacitos, podendo chegar a 40% da rocha. Foi obtida neste trabalho a idade U-Pb do magmatismo ácido por TIMS em concentrados de badeleíta e zircão. O valor, 134,4 ± 0,9 (2\'sigma\'), é mais exato e preciso que as idades obtidas previamente nos traquidacitos da região, 133 -134 ± 6 Ma (K-Ar, 1\'sigma\') e 128,7 ± 1 Ma (\'ANTPOT.40 Ar\'/\'ANTPOT.39 Ar\', 1\'sigma\'), e encontra-se no curto intervalo de tempo atualmente admitido para o clímax do vulcanismo na Província. As razões iniciais \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' dos traquidacitos (0,7078 a 0,7080) são pouco mais radiogênicas que as dos basaltos (0,7056 a 0,7068), enquanto os valores de \'épsilon\'\'Nd IND.134\' são mais negativos (~ -5 versus -4). Tais diferenças sugerem que, embora os basaltos devam ter vínculo genético com o magmatismo ácido da região, deve existir alguma contribuição crustal na gênese das rochas vulcânicas ácidas. As razões iniciais \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' obtidas por LA-ICPMS mostram valores idênticos na matriz e em fenocristais de plagioclásio e apatita (~0,7077), consistentes com cristalização em equilíbrio. Com exceção de um cristal de plagioclásio que é fortemente mais radiogênico (~0,7083) e outro menos radiogênico (~0,7074), podendo corresponder a duas diferentes suítes de antecristais. A maioria dos fenocristais de clinopiroxênio tem razões iniciais \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' diferentes da matriz [em geral menores, entre 0,7045 e 0,7071; somente um cristal é mais radiogênico, 0,7084]. Junto com dois fenocristais de plagioclásio (com \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' inicial de 0.7083 e 0.7074), eles não se formaram em equilíbrio com a matriz, e são prováveis antecristais. Modelamentos geoquímicos utilizando elementos maiores e elementos traço compatíveis e incompatíveis mostram que é possível obter o magma ácido após a cristalização fracionada de 60 a 80% de basalto tipo Pitanga. O principal obstáculo para esse modelo seria o hiato composicional de sílica entre os magmas ácidos e básicos; no entanto, esse hiato pode resultar de limitações físicas impostas à separação cristal-líquido em composições intermediárias e à extração por filter pressing de líquidos residuais mais evoluídos. As pequenas diferenças nas razões isotópicas de Sr e Nd entre as rochas ácidas e básicas podem ser explicadas por um modelo de AFC com 60% de cristalização de um magma basáltico e assimilação de 10-30% de líquido granítico derivado do embasamento pré-Cambriano. Por outro lado, o modelo de refusão de underplates basálticos prevê a geração de magmas ácidos com teores de elementos compatíveis (Ni, Cr e V) mais elevados, e portanto demandariam fracionamento para alcançar as composições observadas nos traquidacitos.Dacitic rocks from Piraju-Ourinhos, State of São Paulo, outcrop for ca. 60 km along the Paranapanema River valley, and constitute the northernmost expositions of the Parana Magmatic Province acid magmatism. They rest directly over the Botucatu Formation eolic sandstones and are recovered by Pitanga-type high Ti basalt flows. Basalt dykes and sills that occur in the region show different chemical relationship and can be compared to the Paranapanema, Urubici and Pitanga basalt types. Chemically classified as trachydacites, these rocks are porphyritic with 5 to 15% plagioclase, clinopyroxene, opaque minerals and apatite phenocrysts. Aphanitic to phaneritic groundmass is composed of glass, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, quartz and alkali feldspar. Glass can make up 10 to 90% of the original groundmass and is usually devitrified, being recognized by relict quenching textures. Vesicles and amygdalas are abundants in such trachydacites varieties and can achieve to 40% of rock. In this work, the age of the acid magmatism was obtained by U-Pb TIMS in baddeleyite and zircon concentrates. The value [134.4 0,9 (2\'sigma\')], is more accurate and precise compared with ages previously obtained in the trachydacites from region [133 -134 ± 6 Ma (K-Ar); 128.7 ± 1 Ma (\'ANTPOT.40 Ar\'/\'39 ANTPOT.Ar\')], and within the short age interval currently admitted for the Paraná volcanism climax. Initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\' ANTPOT.86 Sr\' ratios of the trachydacites (0.7078 to 0.7080) are slightly more radiogenic than those of associated basalts (0.7056 to 0.7068), whereas \'épsilon\'\'Nd IND.134\' are more negative (~ -5 versus -4). These differences suggest that, although the basalts must have a genetic link with the acid magmatism of region, some crustal contribution may exist in the acid magmas. Initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' obtained by LA-ICPMS show identical values for the groundmass and plagioclase and apatite phenocrysts (~0.7077), consistent with equilibrium crystallization. Most of the clinopyroxene phenocrysts have initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\' different from the groundmass (usually smaller; 0.7045-0.7071; only one crystal is more radiogenic, 0.7084). Together with two the plagioclase phenocrysts (with initial \'ANTPOT.87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT.86 Sr\'= 0.7083 and 0.7074), they did not crystallize in equilibrium to the groundmass, and are likely antecrysts. Geochemical modelling using major elements and both compatible and incompatible trace-elements show that it is possible to obtain the acid magmas after 60 to 80% fractional crystalization of a Pitanga-type basalt. The main obstacle for such model would be the wide compositional silic gap between acid and basic magmas.; however, this gap could result from physical limitations to crystal-liquid separation at intermediate compositions and to the extraction by filter pressing of more evolved residual liquids. The small differences in Sr-Nd isotopic signature between acid and basic rocks can be explained by an AFC model, with 60% of basaltic magma crystalization plus ~10-30% assimilation of a granitic liquid derived from the pre- Cambrian basament. On the other hand, a model of remelting of basalt underplates generates acid magmas with higher contents of compatible elements contents (Ni, Cr, V) and therefore would demand some fractionation to achieve the observed trachydacite compositions.
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Hanratty, Luke David. "Λ and K\(^0\)\(_S\) production in Pb-Pb and pp collisions with ALICE at the LHC." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5311/.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, the transverse momentum spectra of Λ and K\(^0\)\(_S\) measured with the ALICE experiment at the LHC are discussed. Measurements are presented for colliding systems of protons, at centre of mass energies 2.76 TeV and 7 TeV, and for lead ions at a centre of mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon. The spectra are discussed within a theoretical framework of a thermally equilibrated, hydrodynamically evolving system, which serves to explain the shape of the spectra for p\(_T\) < 2 GeV/c. For p\(_T\) > 6 GeV/c jet quenching is evident, but no evidence of particle species dependance in jet quenching is observed. The Λ/K\(^0\)\(_S\) ratio shows an enhancement for 2 < p\(_T\) < 6 GeV/c, peaking at 1.5 for the 5% most central Pb–Pb collisions compared to 0.6 for pp. This is discussed in terms of a coalescence model. It cannot be explained purely by enhanced baryon production, but must also involve a redistribution of particles within p\(_T\). This supports the hydrodynamical picture of hadron production. A brief comparison to the results presently available in p–Pb collisions at the LHC is also given.