Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paysage productif'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Paysage productif.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lacourt, Simon. "Agroforesterie et paysages en mouvement : un projet territorial et transversal. Une agroforesterie en France métropolitaine à travers divers cas d’étude, de l’exploitant à l’aménageur, l’arbre vecteur de transition territoriale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB073.
Full textThis thesis aims to examine the role of agrosystems, specifically agroforestry, through the lens of land use planning from the perspective of developers. Promoted as one of the solutions for adapting to climate change and as a future model for agrosystems, can a collaborative agroforestry approach among stakeholders offer a viable proposal for territorial transition? Urban areas have expanded onto agricultural lands over the past sixty years. This sprawl has led public authorities to regulate territories with zoning plans, resulting in specialization and homogenization of landscapes in peri-urban fringes, within a complex web of logistical and commercial zones. Simultaneously, mechanical optimization and profound changes in agricultural practices have caused disruptions in rural landscapes, where lands have also become specialized and more productive, leading to the rapid disappearance of trees.At a moment of innovation and a shift in agricultural practices, France launched an agro-ecological project in 2015, one of the levers of which is a development plan for agroforestry. Existing research primarily focuses on agronomic and environmental sciences, with little attention given to landscape, geography, or sociology, which often involve transdisciplinary approaches that blend theory and practice.While it is acknowledged that farmers are inherently landscape creators, their actions within the territory are not viewed as a major component of land use planning, and agricultural parcels are often considered as "land reserves." Farmers tend to see themselves more as resource producers rather than landscape creators. In a context where this production is facing significant crises, research questions the transformation of practices that is underway and its implications for society, economy and landscape production. How do developers position themselves to anticipate and project these changes? And how do operators engage in this planning?In this sense, the objective of the thesis is to contribute to the discussion on agroforestry as both a mode of landscape creation and as a response to new societal challenges through collaborative projects. It aims to propose reflections on the essential intersections between the complementary fields of land use planning and agronomy in the future of metropolitan territories.This research employs a methodology that combines geoagronomy and landscape studies, centered on fieldwork, engaging with the expertise of operators, territorial stakeholders, and landscape architects to achieve objective results.The findings of this research reveal contrasting results regarding the place of trees between rural and urban worlds, illustrating the pragmatic, political, and economic challenges faced by both territories and operators. Despite the emphasis on transversality and the integration of the agrosystem within territorial projects, reality shows that farmers do not see themselves as a major component of land use planning. Although trees are considered as essential elements for the future of cities and countryside, their integration into the territory remains a complex challenge that requires a holistic and cross-disciplinary approach
Foltête, Jean-Christophe. "Production sociale et dimension visible du paysage : analyse géographique." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA1001.
Full textA theoretical analysis of the production of landscape led us to tackle two questions related to land use: social production and visible dimension. We used socio-economic data produced by general census and corine land cover concurrently. The process, which is based on statistical modeling, was applied principally to the french department of Doubs, and then extended to the departments of Jura and Lozère. In an initial phase, land use is considered within the communal zoning. Different experiments show a strong correlation with social data, linked primarily to the distance from urban centers and to the altitude. The substitution of corine land cover by satellite data produced similar results. Mesological parameters did not improve the prediction of landscape types. In a second phase, land use is at the origin of a simulation of visible landscape from each point of the image, in combination with a digital elevation model. A number of spatial parameters, calculated over neighborhood variables, are compared to visual data ; they allow to recognize the most characteristic landscape types. The integration of visual data within communal zoning data allows to identify discrepancies between social, spatial and visible gradients which are determined from the urban centers all the way to rural areas. Finally, the measurement of the relationship between social and landscape data in the Jura as well as the correlation of spatial and visual data in the Lozère shows similar results, which validates the results obtained for the Doubs. In the region of Besançon (capital of the Doubs), a diachronic approach gives an improved perception of the social production
Amalric, Jean-Pierre. "Peuplement, paysage, production en vieille castille au xviiie siecle." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20021.
Full textThis study is based on the answers - known as "respuestas generales" - to the inquiry undertaken from 1750 to 1754 at the initiative of que marquis of ensenada. The territory studied, covering some 20 500km2, takes in approxi- mately today's provinces of burgos and palencia (old castile). The data extracted from the source have been submitted to computer treatment consisting of the creation of a data bank concerning 1326 localities. Each of the variables was analyzed statistically and spatially by means of computer cartography. Vomume 2 contains a selection of 169 maps obtained by this method. Their interpretation is set forth in volume 1 and treats successively : - structure of the habitat and population distribution, - extension and diverse forms of natural settings as well as their practices and forms of farming, - presence of different kinds of catlle-breeding and their respective productions, - perception of space based on an inventory of local measures, - nature of cultivated areas, particularly plowed land (crop rotation, sowing densities, crop yieeds per grain sowed and per hectare, geography of prices), irrigated lands and vineyards
Menadier, Lydie. "Paysages de fromages : sensibilités au paysage, pratiques des agriculteurs et ancrage territorial des AOC fromagères de moyennes montagnes d'Auvergne et de Franche-Comté." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942947.
Full textDepigny, Sylvain. "Le modèle PAYSAGRIExpérimentation de la sensibilité au paysage des agriculteurs comme facteur des évolutions du paysage rural." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203110.
Full textsuggère l'hypothèse d'une sensibilité au paysage de l'agriculteur comme facteur de l'entretien des couverts végétaux des surfaces agricoles.
La parcelle agricole, unité élémentaire choisie du paysage, est définie par un État Fonctionnel Physionomique (EFP), qui renseigne l'agriculteur sur ses potentialités fourragères et paysagères. Chaque système de production agricole est à la fois associé à un objectif de
production et à une finalité paysagère, dictée par la sensibilité au paysage de l'agriculteur. Les pratiques de production courante, considérées optimales, modifient les EFP du parcellaire. Chaque année, les pratiques d'entretien permettent de corriger les physionomies des parcelles agricoles inadaptées aux attentes paysagères de l'agriculteur ; elles initient également une modification pluriannuelle de la conduite du système de production agricole, afin de répondre plus justement aux objectifs fixés.
Les simulations réalisées testent l'impact paysager de différentes populations d'agriculteurs sur un territoire virtuel comportant vingt exploitations agricoles. Chaque population représente une proportion donnée des deux types d'agriculteurs, respectivement deux sensibilités au paysage opposées. Les différences significatives observées soulignent la pertinence de considérer la
sensibilité au paysage des agriculteurs comme un facteur important de la modification des paysages ruraux.
De, Almeida Claudio Aparecido. "Paysage des systèmes de production agropastoraux de l'État du Rondônia - Amazonie brésilienne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT123/document.
Full textRecent global agreements sponsored by UN to sustainable development and reduction of greenhouse gases emission, undergo by the reduction of deforestation and an increase of productivity of the areas occupied by agricultural production systems. In 2014 the Brazilian Amazon deforestation reached 760.305,5 km2. This area has different land uses with different financial and social returns and different environmental impacts. To know the land use and land cover (LULC) and the predominant production systems in this deforested area is a basic condition for planning actions and public policies for sustainable development. This study developed methodologies for detailed LULC mapping, and to regionalization of agricultural production systems. The mapping of LULC of Brazilian Amazon confirmed previous studies, showing that most of the deforested area is used for livestock activity (about 60%), followed by secondary vegetation (about 20%) and annual crops (about 5%). Regionalization of agricultural production systems was carried out in two stages. The first one was carried out at local administrative boundary, using spatially explicit data of LULC and deforestation, analyzed in conjunction with municipal socioeconomic data spatialized at local level. Based on these results we identified, among five agricultural production systems at the state level. The dimension of territorial configuration showed that each agricultural production system form different types of landscapes. The second stage was conduced with cells of 10 X 10 Km, with LULC spatially explicit data, deforestation and a matrix of distance to infrastructure elements, and using landscape metrics. Was possible to classify the predominant agricultural production system in each cell, and identify the effect of these systems on the landscape. Nine agricultural production systems were found: two in forest domains (Forest Domain, Initial Front), three in agriculture domain (Strict Agriculture, Dominant Agriculture and Coexistence Area) and four in livestock domain (Intensified Beef, Not Intensified Beef, Intensified Beef-Milk and Not Intensified Beef-Milk). The methodologies resulted from this thesis will enable the creation of an operational monitoring system of LULC, continuous and at low cost, and also of the prevailing agricultural production system in each of the deforested territory. With this monitoring system, it will be possible to follow up the effect of public policies in the region, looking for sustainable development
Huang, Hui. "Un paysage culturel dynamique : géographie historique et économique des musées parisiens." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010627/document.
Full textParis has an exceptional cultural landscape, in which museums play an important role. This PhD thesis insists that this landscape has never ceased to change and is still changing. As for the museums themselves, far from being institutions opposed to change and to a modern economy, we have shown that they participate in the productive economy, specifically in the symbolic production, and that they manage to adapt to the public demand, to adjust their statutes, to rethink their links with other institutions and so on. Finally, we claim that museum activities are characterized by their similarities with other forms of symbolic consumption, and their spatial proximity with the areas of symbolic consumption
Tannous, Joseph. "Wine production in rural area of Bekaa - Lebanon." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28568.
Full textLotfi, Ali. "Durabilité écologique des paysages agricoles et production de bois, bocage et néobocage." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588228.
Full textGakalla, Jean-Pierre. "Politique vivrière agricole et organisation productive paysanne au Congo." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10019.
Full textTrom, Danny. "La production politique du paysage : éléments pour une interprétation des pratiques ordinaires de patrimonialisation de la nature en Allemagne et en France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0027.
Full textStarting from the fact that local mobilization against de the destruction of landscape is encreasing, this work seekes to explore their meaning. Founded on a set of contemporary and historical case studies of local mobilization, crossculting synchronic and diachronic dimensions, this work focuses on the formalization of the cognitive construction of demand itself. The central position of the aesthetic question in this type of conflicts and its reintegration in the theoretical realm of rational discourse allows for the identification of four dinstinct elmentary operations, forming a frame trough which nature becomes an objet of public demands. The actualization of theses elementary operations is a prerequisit to the interjection of nature in the sphere of social and political conflict. Elaborated by a large social network at the turn of the twenteeth century, corresponding to the advent of nature's first political spokesmen, they are today available and effectivelly actualized each time ordinary people engage themselves publicly in the defense of spatialized nature. Each of these elementary operations suppose that acting people master a range of specific skills, which are explored one by one. In order to attest to the existence of landscape in conflictual situations and to impose it on the largest possible public, activists engage altogether the four elementary operations and simultaneously mobilize the four skills, performing an activity that has been defined as an "ordinary hermeneutics of objects". This productive reception of landscape, which consist in inscribing an intentional structure in space, has to be understood as the revieling of an evidence of the conflicted space's beauty. It encloses a political efficiency while relying on a specific, and today, widely shared way to relate visually to the material world. In this context, the national pecularities of France and Germany appears as incidental forms of a more structural set of changes
Guimaraes, Ferrer Carrilho Maria Clara. "Devenir-paysage de la scène contemporaine. Le dépaysement du drame." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030160.
Full textThe present thesis falls within Gertrude Stein’s legacy and explores the concept of landscape as a driving force of scenic action and audience emotion that is independent of the plot.Although it is now common in the theatrical discourse, the association between theatre and landscape is not a given one. It is a sort of “counter-natural alliance” between two different realms and scales. The stage, which belongs to the realm of theatre, is built both poetically and architecturally to the human scale, whereas a landscape, which belongs to the realm of nature, can only be conceived of on an infinite scale. This “counter-natural alliance” can only be fertile if two emancipations occur: that of the landscape from the pictorial frame from which it was born, and that of drama from the Aristotelian matrix which constructed it.The thesis starts from a study of the evolution of the pictorial genre of the landscape and the concept of the same to examine how it infiltrated theatrical art. Contemporary theatrical writing followed in the footsteps of Gertrude Stein’s concept of the landscape play introduced in 1934 and was free of the necessity to tell a story. It conjures up a mental stage for actions which can only be envisaged in the infinitely small and infinitely large spaces of thought.Robert Wilson’s work crystallized Stein’s dramaturgic intuitions. It acted as a prism through which the stage esthetics of landscape was focused; therein, man and speech are decentralized within a space which opens towards the horizon. Many contemporary scenic works echo this, including those of Claude Régy, Maguy Marin, Joël Pommerat, Heiner Goebbels and François Tanguy, who play with the esthetic criteria of the landscape play which Robert Wilson’s work initially forged.The stage becomes a landscape through the disorientation of drama and its audience
Steenhuyse, Séverine. "Histoire de la production d'un site inqualifiable : du paysage perdu de l'Etang-de-Berre aux valeurs des territoires modernes." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0156.
Full textLocated between the city of Marseille and the Camargue region, the territory known as the "Etang-de-Berre" is centered on a 15. 500 hectares lagoon. This territory was created soon after the end of world war II in relation with the settlement of the industrial port of Fos-sur-Mer. Despite the positive and original qualities of this region, the global amount of industrial pollution greatly affected a potential outcome engaged ten years ago. The present analysis is conducted through the historical study and classification of social representations from the process of disqualification to today's effort of rehabilitation. It is based on the three anthropological scales of space : the planning, the landscape and the individual perception. Finally, the descrption of this modern space contributes to elaborate new ways of conceiving recent territories with the definition of an "inhabitant body" and its values, which could become essential figures for imagining a "modfern landscape"
Ndiaye, Mbaye. "Systèmes de production et mutations des paysages ruraux dans la basse vallée du Ferlo au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519417.
Full textSorel, Luc. "Paysages virtuels et analyse de scénarios pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux des systèmes de production agricole." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440205.
Full text- l'analyse de successions culturales parcellaires observées afin d'identifier les déterminants spatiaux et temporels des transitions de cultures ; l'occupation du sol spatialisant les pratiques agricoles ;
- à partir du bassin versant de Naizin (12 km2, Morbihan, France) caractérisé par des activités d'élevage bovin et porcin intensives, la construction d'un jeu de paysages agricoles virtuels différant par leur milieu physique, les forçages climatiques et les pratiques agricoles auxquels ils sont soumis ;
- la réalisation d'une évaluation environnementale multi-cibles et multi-critères de ces agrosystèmes en permettant le couplage et l'intégration des sorties entre le modèle agro-hydrologique TNT2 et un modèle de bilan de phosphore du sol. Stochastree, un modèle de transition de cultures basé sur des arbres de décision stochastiques a été développé. Il a notamment permis de maintenir la distribution spatiale des cultures autour du corps d'exploitation, tout en respectant des contraintes d'hydromorphie des sols et d'objectif de production des exploitations. L'évaluation environnementale des paysages virtuels a quantifié l'influence du climat, du milieu et des systèmes de culture sur différents indicateurs agricoles, pédologiques et hydrologiques. Nous avons constaté que l'adoption d'un système de culture modéré (réduction d'intrants, intercultures hivernales) réduit significativement les flux excédentaires de phosphore vers les sols et accroît l'efficience des apports d'azote et de phosphore. Cependant, cet effet s'atténue pour des indicateurs incorporant des processus de transformation et de transfert de la matière organique, comme la concentration en nitrate à l'exutoire. De plus, les effets des interactions sol-climat sur cette concentration sont du même ordre qu'une réduction de 15% des apports totaux d'azote. Ainsi, la définition de pratiques agricoles alternatives devant satisfaire un objectif environnemental précis (cf. le non-dépassement du seuil des 50 mg NO3.l-1 dans les cours d'eau) ne peut se faire qu'en lien avec les caractéristiques du paysage et que leur transposition directe à un autre paysage peut ne pas atteindre l'effet escompté.
Sorel, Luc. "Paysages virtuels et analyse de scénarios pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux des systèmes de production agricole /." Rennes : Géosciences Rennes, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41428862d.
Full textMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Virtual landscapes and scenario analysis to assess the environmental impacts of agrosystems. Bibliogr. p. 151-160.
Delcros, Philippe. "Écologie du paysage et dynamique végétale post-culturale en zone de montagne." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10007.
Full textBrunel, Marie-Claude. "Analyse des systèmes productifs paysans dans une région agricole de l'État de Colima, Mexique." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10031.
Full textThe mexican agriculture is one of the most affected sectors by the crisis. In this context, the peasant economics faces growing difficulties in playing the part wich it has been attributed. This thesis analyses the peasant economics in its internal dynamics and its historical, economical and social context. It refers to the agricultural region of tecoman, located on the pacific coast where the peasant sector stands as the counterpart of a capitalist agriculture, linked to the agro-industries and the international market. The inquiry realized to some peasant families of this zone permits to stand out three production systems wich represent different behavious within one peasant logic : the subsubsistence, subsistence and transition production systems. Their production resources disposal stands as the main criterion for differenciation, together with their interactions within the different markets. In this actual context, the evolution of this groups is difficult to apprehend. They suffer from a lack of interest from public authorities and infavourable relations with the rest of society. Nevertheless, the peasant economics has got qualities of adaptation wich could allow her to be the basis of an alternative rural development
Le, Drezen Yann. "Dynamiques des paysages de la vallée du Yamé depuis 4 000 ans : Contribution à la compréhension d'un géosystème soudano-sahélien (Ounjougou, Pays dogon, Mali)." Caen, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348161.
Full textDupoux, Julien. "Production et exercice du pouvoir en milieu paysan sur le plateau de Millevaches." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20021/document.
Full textHow a farmer can have some power on his activity, on his life? To find several levels of power used by farmers, I'm travelling the "Plateau de Millevaches"(Limousin, France) where are growing several original initiatives. Farmers are approached by qualitative interviews. Concerning the way of being farmer, there’s a choice: to privilege a sectorial and professional identity, or to affirm a local one; and this choice is link to several way to conceive and use power. Indeed, power is not restricted to domination, proper to hierarchical relations in which farmers, following an institutional model, are plunged, but power also consists in influence or creation, used by farmers who claim their local ownership.Through power, liberty and our ethical choices are challenged
Pierret, Pascal. "Activité agricole, organisation de l'espace rural et production de paysage : une démarche de modélisation multi-échelle testée dans le département de la Haute-Marne." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOL033.
Full textJiménez, Esquerra Maria Luisa. "Mobilisation productive et relations de pouvoir dans une organisation paysanne : L'Union de ejidos General Lazaro Cardenas." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT1043.
Full textThis work deals with the advantages, obstacles, and challenges faced by rural farmers in Mexico-particularly those with rights to communal farmlands known as "ejidos"-as they take part in collective action and farmer organizations, as well as the present importance of these organizations and activities in Mexico's countryside. The context of the study is the current of peasant farmer organization that has emphasized and guided its mobilization according to the principles of productive management. The analysis uses as an example the experience of the Union de Ejidos de la Ex Laguna de Magdalena, a group comprising 11 ejidos in Jalisco state. Its 2,253 members are communal farmers who grow mainly maize and share the interests of remainning in agriculture and obtaining better access to local markets for maize and fertilizer. The study deals with the make-up of organization starting from its daily, internal activities : the participation of key actors, the interactions of power, the rules, the agreements, the negotiations, and the conflicts that drive collective action
Bas, Yves. "Décomposition des effets des changements des paysages et des pratiques d'exploitation sur la biodiversité des milieux agricoles et forestiers." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066339.
Full textChabert, Ariane. "Expression combinée des services écosystémiques en systèmes de production agricole conventionnels et innovants : étude des déterminants agroécologiques de gestion du sol, des intrants et du paysage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17569/1/Chabert_Ariane_INPT.pdf.
Full textTigroudja, Farid. "Les interventions de la puissance publique affectant la production agricole et ses effets sur le paysage : applications à la zone montagne sud du département des Vosges /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41150201q.
Full textBibliogr. p. 123-128. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Corrales, Roa Elcy. "Caractérisation des espaces et pratiques de conservation dans les systèmes de production familiale en Colombie : quelles contributions pour la conservation des paysages?" Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857385.
Full textTsafack-Menessong, Noëlline. "Abondance et origine trophique de la noctuelle de la tomate (Helicoverpa armigera) dans les paysages ruraux de production cotonnière au Nord Bénin." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0053/document.
Full textThe development of strategies independent of pesticides is a fundamental objective for sustainable crop protection against pests as well as for maintaining of a healthy environment for human populations. The rationale of the research presented here was to improve our ability to control the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera by non-pesticide methods via habitat conservation. We analyzed the influence of agricultural practices and landscape composition and diversity on the abundance and trophic origin of H. armigera and assessed gossypol and tomatine in individual H. armigera as cotton and tomato biomarkers respectively. Gossypol was shown to be a stable cotton biomarker, even in adult H. armigera 12 days after emergence. In contrast, tomatine was only detected in larvae of H. armigera and not adults; thereby tomatine can not be considered as a marker of tomato plants. Subsequently, in north Benin, the abundance of H. armigera larvae and adults was monitored in cotton fields. We found a strong effect of agricultural practices on H. armigera larvae abundance. Delay sowing date and increase frequency of weeding reduced the abundance of H. armigera in cotton fields; whereas the proportion of cotton and tomato in the landscape increased. This study also highlights the role of the previous landcover in the infestation of a cotton field: A previous tomato landcover increased infestation three times more than a previous maize landcover. At nested scales ranging from 100 m, 250 m to 500 m, we studied the effects of landscape composition and diversity firstly on the abundance of adult H. armigera and secondly on their trophic origin. We found that, landscape diversity was the main factor that influenced both the abundance adult and their trophic origin at 500 m scale. Analyses of stables isotopes of Carbone showed that proportion of hosts plants with C3 photosynthetic pathway in the landscape was positively related to H. armigera moths with C3 trophic origin signal at 500 m scale. Only 10% of moths were positive to gossypol signal. The proportion of cotton in the landscape seems not important to explain the trophic origin of individual which were positive to gossypol signal. Therefore, for integrated management of H. armigera our results suggest it is necessary to consider the following agricultural practices and crop diversity regimes (in regard to the resource use strategies of this polyphagous pest). A tomato previous landcover should be avoid; shift sowing date between cotton fields, and have at less three manual weedings. In additional, we suggest employing maize around cotton fields rather than other crops
Cassard, Laura. "Systèmes de production céramique des premiers paysans du domaine liguro-provençal (VIème millénaire BCE) : Traditions techniques des décors." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2030.
Full textThe diffusion and evolution of the Neolithic during the 6th millennium BCE in the north-western Mediterranean has been particularly studied from the pottery decoration, which is one of the main fossiles directeurs used to define chrono-cultural frameworks. Decorated mostly by impression, ceramics illustrate a strong polymorphism due to the presence and interaction of groups bearing different technical traditions. The stylistic and technological approaches to decoration implemented so far have allowed defining the various entities acting at the scale of the cultural area; however these approaches are struggling to establish a fine phylogeny of decorative modes at the regional and local scale.This thesis focused on renewing the methods for analyzing decors at the site level. Each link of the decorative chaîne opératoire has been broken down and described in order to restore the general dynamic of the decor. The approach, based on three-dimensional imaging and experimentation, offers relevant and quantified demonstrations, from the scale of the imprint to that of the vase. Analyses were systematically undertaken on each individual ceramic. All the data on the decoration subsystem was then placed back into the ceramic production system to have an integrated view.Implemented on the Castellar-Pendimoun site, the method delivered multiple results. Previously undetermined tools were identified, ornamentation processes were specified, but above all, the operating pattern for the realization of the decorations were highlighted. The latter aspect, which is a brand new one within the study of Impresso-Cardial decors of north-western Mediterranean, has allowed a better understanding of the rules of construction of ornamentation, as well as the methods of handling the pots during their decoration. The metric methods used to identify the types and sizes of shells used as decoration tools were revised. Methods developed in Forensics and other fields have been adapted to digito-nail imprints in order to discuss the identity of the potters: on the one hand their age, through nail negatives, and on the other hand their gender, through fingerprints. Multivariate analyses combining types of tools and decorative gestures allowed to identify on robust qualitative and quantitative bases the distinctive and evolutionary trends for one of the rare decorated pottery series of the first Neolithic period in Western Europe, between 5720 and 5020 BCE. The results were put into perspective at the scale of Liguria and Provence, notably by comparing them with data from Arene Candide and, more broadly, in the context of the Impressed Ware complex, from southern Italy to the shores of Languedoc. This new study thus contributes to a better perception of the dynamics at work during the 6th millennium BCE in this cultural area
Fenin, Coralie. "Le paysage sonore du théâtre du Palais-Royal : diffusion, perception et transcription des sons, de l'installation de Molière à celle de Lully (1660-1674)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20080.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to compose Palais-Royal’s soundscape, from the establishment of Molière theatre company to Lully’s establishment. This spatial and temporal centering allows to circumscribe many of the most famous theatrical works of the second half of the seventeenth century and to approach less known works like those of the Italian actors. Our study is carried along pluridisciplinary lines: acoustics of the hall, actors’ voices, their diction, sounds effects, musical insertions and songs, the audience’s voice… Through this soundscape, we trace the history of a theater hall of the seventeenth century and in the same time, we make a history of sensibilities, trying to detect emotions of the past. This study is aimed at demonstrating that the question of theatre’s sounds is finally a theatre history by the sounds: one of the most evanescent composites of dramatic art but, always, in the perspective of writing
Gaujour, Etienne. "Evaluation des sources d'espèces et des déterminants de la diversité végétale des parcelles agricoles : interchamps, stock semencier, pratiques agricoles et paysage de l'Installation Expérimentale Inra ASTER Mirecourt." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL020N/document.
Full textOne of the means to offset the decrease of pesticide use is to favour agro-ecological services of plant diversity. In this aim, farmer will have to adapt its farming management. My work partly answers to the following applied objective: to bring to the farmer some advices for the management of plant diversity on the farm territory. I have two scientific objectives: i) to verify if field boundaries and soil seed bank are potential sources of plant species for field centres; ii) to quantify the relative influence of dynamics of two factor groups, characterized as field paths, on plant diversity: farming practices and characteristics of landscape mosaïc.I have carried out this study on the experimental farm of INRA ASTER Mirecourt. Its farming systems (mixed crop-dairy systems) have been converted to organic farming since 2004. I have characterized vegetation - established vegetation in field boundaries and in field centres, and vegetation in the soil seed bank - of permanent grasslands and arable fields with complementary approaches: taxonomical approach based on the species, and functional approach based on seven functional properties about dispersal, establishment and persistence of plant species. I have characterized field paths, along nine years, either from farming practices set up on field, either from annual characteristics of landscape mosaïc. I have represented this landscape mosaïc as a mosaïc of distinct land-uses. All of them and their spatialization have been determined from farmer surveys or landscape observations.My results show that soil seed bank and field bboundaries are not potential sources of plant species for field centres, in both permanent grasslands and arable fields. On the other hand, they are efficient refuges for a large part of grassland species. According to my results, I hypothesize that field boudaries are species sinks in arable fields. I also highlight that functional gradient of grassland vegetation in the field edge, between field margins and field centres, is spread until 2 m only.Finally, plant diversity in studied fields is mainly influenced by field path according landscape mosaïc and by farming practices set up the same year of vegetation sampling. Soil characteristics have a minor influence. These three groups of influent factors explain more than 75 % of the functional composition variability of the vegetation in field centres.The management of plant diversity in agricultural fields of a given farm can be partly reach by the farmer. However, according to the effects of field paths about landscape mosaïc, it is necessary to set up a collective management of plant diversity with all actors sharing the studied territory
Calvo, Valenzuela Verónica. "Les trames de soi : régime d'autonomie et production du sujet indigène originaire paysan en Bolivie (Municipalité de Tarabuco)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0006.
Full textIn 2010 was approved, in Bolivia, a brand new Constitution giving the right to the indigenous people to self-government according to each nation and indigenous people customs. The right to self-government was incorporated within the framework of the Peasant-Native-Indigenous Autonomy (PNIA). Nevertheless, The municipalities need to respond to the identity and identification criteria proposed by the PNIA in order to have access to a certain number of rights offered by the new dispositive. The Wefts of the Self aim to explain how the inhabitants of a small municipality located in southern Andes, weave themselves between different cosmopolitics in order to internalize a brand new legal category: subject of law “Peasant Native Indigenous”. Indeed, several and strong struggles appeared between different social organizations inside the Tarabuco Municipality, the peasant union, the indigenous communities and the neighbor’s assemblies. These conflicts had interrupted the conversion process. The three different social organizations fight over the values and norms that should regulate the incoming society. However, this fieldwork demonstrate that despite the conflicts the three social organization members share a underlying universe of meaning which the adoption of the PNIA force to redefine, transform or remove in order to produce a “indigenous subject” fitted with objective culture and nature. This phenomenon takes place under the decolonization injunction promoted by the coming Plurinational State. This work will contribute to understand how the State withdrawal in favor of indigenous people, in terms of decentralization of prerogatives, goes along with a normative redeployment through forms of identity categorization and assignment. And, subsequently, how local actors deal with these forms of categorization and assignment in the design of values and norms of their incoming society
Sabatier, Rodolphe. "Arbitrages multi-échelles entre production agricole et biodiversité dans un agroécosystème prairial." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00619730.
Full textMesclier, Évelyne. "Les paysans face au marché dans des situations d'instabilité : étude comparative dans les Andes du Pérou." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070059.
Full textMboka, Ingoli Jean-Claude. "Les champs-écoles paysans en Afrique subsaharienne : une approche d'analyse des réseaux complets." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36943.
Full textMarie, Maxime. "Des pratiques des agriculteurs à la production de paysage de bocage : étude comparée des dynamiques et des logiques d'organisation spatiale des systèmes agricoles laitiers en Europe (Basse-Normandie, Galice, Sud de l'Angleterre)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441117.
Full textCruz, Daily Barbara Vega. "La production du rhum et du sucre à Cuba. Valorisation du patrimoine industriel de la ville de Cárdenas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27743.
Full textPalou, Madi Oumarou. "Déterminants socio-économiques de la gestion paysanne des plantations d'Acacia sénégal et de la production de la gomme arabique au Nord-Cameroun." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20145.
Full textThe North Cameroon like all arid and semi-arid zones of African sub-Saharan is facing desertification caused by climatic factors and over exploitation of natural resources.One of the consequences is the decline of crop yields due to degradation of arable land. In this situation, promotion of multipurpose trees plantations can improve the farmers’ livelihood. The introduction of A. senegal in the 90’s in agricultural farms had the aim to restore soil fertility and diversify sources of income for farmers through the production of arabic gum. Despite the multifunction aspect of this tree and the involvement of different development projects for its extension, the results and reactions of local people to its plantation remain inconclusive and selective. The thesis identifies and analyzes the socio-economic factors and their effects on the farmers decision to plant A. senegal. The method is based on surveys and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the best gum yield observed on the exploitation is 50 kg / ha / year. However, the revenue can be increased with the sale of byproducts of A. senegal. Not all farmers are sufficiently informed or trained. A platform for dialogue is to be set in order to redefine the roles of stakeholders in the market chain. For the sustainable management of A. senegal plantations, development projects and policy makers need to meet the standards of gum price differentiation
Vallières, Pascal. "Biocarburants : instruments de la gouvernance internationale de l’environnement : écologie politique des projets de production de jatropha en contexte paysan au Mali." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68345.
Full textPropelled by the energy crisis, the production of jatropha, an oilseed plant cultivated as a biofuel, has benefited from massive investments on a global scale since 2007. This expansion is due to both incentive energy policies, the economic support of various governments and the power of the industrial lobby. The objective of non-oil-producing countries to reduce part of their energy bill through biofuel production is combined with the interest of national and foreign investors in the new profit opportunities offered by offsetting carbon emissions through jatropha plantations. Adopting a multiscalar perspective and an approach derived from political ecology and development anthropology, the case study proposed in this thesis examines the roles and economic and political implications of the various national and transnational actors (state of Mali, transnational institutions, private sector, non-governmental organizations) associated with the promotion and production of jatropha as an energy crop in southern Mali, while providing a critical analysis of the discourses they produce and the developmental configuration on which they rely. The international environmental governance mechanism, which draws on both discursive strategies and normative practices in the fight against climate change, is examined in order to understand how it participates in the construction of public policies in favour of biofuels in general and jatropha in particular. The political and economic mechanisms involved in the establishment of the jatropha sector are also studied in the light of their impacts on local socioeconomic dynamics. Finally, this thesis demonstrates how, faced with the attempt to integrate contract farmers into the market economy in a "participatory" and subsidized manner, the latter, disappointed by the low yields and insignificant incomes associated with jatropha cultivation, are putting up passive resistance by gradually abandoning jatropha plantations or diverting the small quantities harvested in favour of domestic processing into soap by women.
MARCON, ALESSANDRA. "Déconstruire les paradigmes des territoires productifs contemporains. L'urbanisme de la petite industrie et l'agriculture paysanne dans les cas du Bocage vendéen et du Val-de-Marne." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319228.
Full textThe current transformations of the global production system is leading to territorial changes that are bringing the theme of production back to the core of contemporary urban studies. Inscribed in a process of reterritorialization, these transformations give rise to a plurality of tensions, conflicts and imaginaries that call into question certain paradigms and spatial binomials, such as the urban-rural one, on which the Western society - and with it much of its urban culture - has been built. The main hypothesis is that the tensions, conflicts and renewed imaginaries arising from the observation and situated description of contemporary productive territories make it possible to deconstruct the urban-rural paradigm and formulate useful lessons for the renewal of urban culture. The agro-industrial territories and the spaces of small-scale industry and agriculture are studied in two different forms of European inhabited territories, that is the dispersed and hybrid Vendée Bocage and the compact and dense Val-de-Marne. This thesis attempts to deconstruct three paradigms that describe these territories and from which lessons can be drawn. They are the local development paradigm, the productivism paradigm and the transition paradigm. Based on these lessons, the thesis concludes with the formulation of four future scenarios for the Vendée Bocage.
Plassin, Sophie. "Élever des bovins dans des paysages éco-efficients. Comprendre et modéliser le processus d’intensification dans les fermes d’élevage d’Amazonie orientale brésilienne." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0028.
Full textAfter 50 years of agricultural expansion in Eastern Brazilian Amazon, environmental policy to reduce deforestation and a set of socio-economic drivers are putting constraints on extensive cattle ranching systems. In response, land use intensification has been gaining momentum as a way to improve livestock production in limited land areas and conserve forest. The process of land-use intensification is poorly understood in this region, particularly in its spatial dimension and in its contribution towards building eco-efficient landscapes, i.e. landscapes where practices and their spatial distribution optimize the use of natural resources. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to document and model the interactions between cattle ranchers’ decisions, landscapes and natural resources in a diversity of cattle farms.Firstly, we conducted a field research in two livestock-oriented regions of Pará state, Paragominas and Redenção. Drawing on interviews, landscape and farm trajectories analysis, we characterized six patterns of intensification, studied what perceptions cattle ranchers have on certain types of natural resources and described the effects of land-use management on such resources. Secondly, we developed an Agent-Based Model to simulate over 20 years the effects of intensive farming strategies on landscape and their natural resources, and assess the feasibility of adopting such management in various agrarian situations. We used the model to compare two scenarios of intensification: one semi-intensive solely based on improved pasture managenement and one intensive based on crop-livestock integration and irrigation.The results show that the process of intensification has led to a spatial rearrangement of land uses. Cattle ranchers prefer to intensify fields with the best biophysical conditions for forage production, as well as those closest to and most accessible from the farmstead. The intensification strategies aim at enhancing the use of multiple natural resources (topography, soil fertility, soil drainage, access to surface and groundwater for irrigation) and optimizing land-use configuration at farm scale. By contrast, during the colonization period, land-use organization was much less correlated to the spatial distribution of natural resources (except for soil fertility from forest ash and surface water), the main goal of farmers being land appropriation. Nevertheless, choice of farming practices and their spatial location differ among farms and according to the degree of heterogeneity of biophysical conditions. Moreover, simulation results show that the process of intensification can reduce the area necessary for animal production. Thus, cattle ranchers can increase herd size while sparing land for forest regeneration. However, low labor availability limits the spatial extent of land-use intensification at farm scale. In terms of landscape dynamics, cattle ranchers locate land-uses according to geomorphological units differently, which leads to various spatio-temporal dynamics of natural resources.Reconciling cattle ranching production and forest conservation in eco-efficient landscape remains an important challenge for Brazilian Amazon. The findings illustrate the importance of assessing the landscape areas most suitable for agricultural intensification and for conservation drawing on knowledge about cattle ranchers projects and the effects of their practices and spatial location on natural resources. Several opportunities and challenges are identified to tackle such challenge. New research perspectives related to decisions understanding, modeling and extension of the scale of analysis are proposed in order to take into account the influence of external factors on decisions and include more ecological and social interactions
Séhouéto, Lazare Maurice. "Savoirs locaux ou savoirs localisés? la production et la diffusion des savoirs agricoles paysans au Bénin: éléments empiriques pour une anthropologie sociale des savoirs locaux /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1996. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/186/index.html.
Full textBouvard, Adeline. "Complexité de la crise agraire d’un écosystème de montagne en Haïti. Quelles voies d’amélioration des conditions de vie paysanne et de préservation du milieu ?" Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0015.
Full textHaiti has experienced significant deforestation during the last century. On the slopes, reduced forest cover results in severe soil erosion and generates important damages downstream. In response to this problem, agricultural land use restrictions and reforestation of areas most exposed to erosive risk have been the main response of the Haitian government and international organizations for several decades. Thanks to the case study of the area of La Borne, located in the Matheux mountain range and uphill the large rice plain of the Artibonite, this study aims to analyze the impact on farmers of projects that prevent the use of rural lands other than for reforestation purposes. We also consider alternative ways of development that would reach both objectives to preserve mountainous ecosystem while improving the food and economic situation of peasants.This research was based on extensive fieldwork. It has shown that the area’s population growth during recent decades has been associated with an increase in cultivated areas. This has been made possible by a reduction in the duration of fallow and an extension of crop area to the steepest slopes. The reproduction of soil fertility in cultivated areas, which is permitted by association with livestock, is compromised by fodder availability and farmers’ investment capacity. They evolve indeed in a socio-economic context economically very unfavorable. These factors limit the size of their livestock. Yields and organic matter content of soil quickly decline, leading to a increasing erosion on the slopes. The analysis of the agrarian system of La Borne made it possible to understand that agricultural land use limitation in the most eroded areas, except for reforestation purposes, would result in further reduction of fodder supplies and would accentuate existing imbalances. The poorest farmers, whose farming activity depends mostly on the exploitation of targeted areas, would be the first to be affected.Some farmers in the region have begun implementing profound transformations that contribute to solving the fertility crisis of the ecosystem. They have adapted and used with a systemic approach several techniques acquired during development projects. Thanks to a strong intensification of work, they have built terraces on the slopes and managed to better control runoff water. It enables them to develop new farming systems which rely on fodder introduction and associated crops under tree cover. The outcome is increased soil organic matter rate, better infiltration capacity and improved crop yields. Implementation of these practices requires a secure land tenure and an access to suitable equipment, which is relatively expensive. These new farming systems offer an alternative way of development that both limit soil erosion and increase food production on mountains areas, taking into account peasants interests
D'ALMEIDA, VIGNOE AMAKOE. "Dynamiques paysannes au togo contribution a l'etude des strategies alimentaires et de production des menages paysans a agou. Les cas des sous-secteurs d'agou-gare et d'avetonou." Strasbourg 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20057.
Full textVivallo, Pinares Ángel Gabriel de María. "L'Agriculture et le peuple mapuche." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0030/document.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates that, throughout history, before the Spanish conquestuntil the 21st Century, agriculture has been an important activity of the mapuchepeople. Research conducted points out the ability of the mapuche to resist andbattle against powerful and ferocious foes, and in addition, their intelligentadaptation to foreign invasions, including that of the State of Chile. The thesisdemonstrates the changes that took place in agriculture and the ability of themapuche people to innovate, since the Inca invasion in the 15th century, theSpanish conquest through the 16 to 19th centuries, and the Chilean occupationthat extends reaching the 21st century. At the start of the Spanish conquest,mapuches constituted people that autonomously occupied a territory, were fullysedentary, communities populated clearly delimited areas, and conductedagriculture of cultural subsistence, in addition to harvesting native vegetation,fishing and hunting. Society was matricially organized by lineages, by groups,had a cosmic view, culture and social organization. During the Colony, theyadopt and appropriate European technology, develop a powerful animalhusbandry that extends through the Argentinian pampa; this activity generates astrong and diversified commercial exchange between the mapuche territory andthe Kingdom of Chile, of animal products, handicrafts and food products.Exchange was unfavorable for the mapuche and had to be regulated throughparliaments. The Chilean Republic at first recognized the mapuche territories,but later, for reasons of economic expansion, occupies them through war.Mapuches resist and are defeated by the Chilean army that had recently wonthe Pacific Ocean War against Peru and Bolivia. The mapuche enter the 20thcentury deprived of 95% of their territory, almost the total of their powerfulanimal husbandry, their capital goods, machinery, equipment, annual andperennial crops. But above all, they are excluded, segregated, faced withassimilation and extermination strategies, they die from hunger, diseases andpests. The real historical debt of the State of Chile with the mapuche generatesat that point. Agrarian reforms, in particular that of the Popular Unity (1970-73)political government faces the problem of usurped lands and initiates solutions,later reversed by the Military Government (1973-90). Concertation forDemocracy governments (1990-2010), recognizes the specificities of themapuche people and partially solves land conflicts. At present, rural mapucheface powerful strategies of assimilation and cultural extermination; however, atthe rural communities’ level, the ability of the mapuche people to adapt tochanges, adequate, resist, and impose the basic terms of the conditionsnecessary to reconstruct themselves as a Chilean original people has becomeclearly evident
Esta tesis demuestra la existencia de la agricultura como actividad importantedel pueblo mapuche a través de la historia antes de la conquista hasta el sigloXXI. La investigación demuestra la capacidad de los mapuches para resistir ycombatir a enemigos poderosos y feroces y además la inteligente adaptación atodas las irrupciones extranjeras incluidas las del Estado de Chile. La tesismuestra los cambios en la agricultura y la capacidad del pueblo mapuche parainnovar, desde la invasión de los incas en el siglo XV, la conquista de losespañoles entre los siglos XVI y XIX y la ocupación chilena hasta llegar alsiglo XXI. Los mapuches al momento de la conquista española eran un puebloque ocupaba un territorio en forma autónoma en plena sedentarización, lascomunidades poblaban terrenos delimitados y desarrollaban agricultura desubsistencia cultural, además de la recolección, la pesca y la caza. La sociedadestaba organizada por linajes matricialmente, por grupos, tenían unacosmovisión, una cultura y una organización social. Durante la colonia, adoptany se apropian de tecnologías europeas, desarrollan una poderosa ganaderíaque se extiende por la pampa Argentina; esta actividad genera un fuerte ydiversificado intercambio comercial entre el territorio mapuche y el Reino deChile, de productos animales, artesanado y productos alimentarios. Elintercambio era desfavorable a los mapuches y debió ser regulado medianteparlamentos. La República comienza reconociendo los territorios mapuche,pero luego, por razones de expansión económica los ocupa a sangre y fuego.Los mapuche resisten y son derrotados por el ejército Chileno que ganó laguerra del Pacifico. Los mapuches entran al siglo XX despojados del 95% desus tierras de casi toda su poderosa ganadería, de sus bienes de capital,maquinas, equipos, arreos, siembras y plantaciones. Pero sobre todo sonexcluidos, segregados enfrentados a estrategias de asimilación y exterminio,mueren de inanición, por enfermedades y por la peste. Allí se genera laverdadera deuda histórica del Estado de Chile con los mapuches. LasReformas Agrarias, especialmente la de la Unidad Popular, levantan elproblema de tierras usurpadas y propones y ejecuta soluciones, que ladictadura militar anula. La Concertación por la Democracia reconoce lasespecificidades del pueblo mapuche y soluciona una parte de los conflictos porla tierra. Actualmente los mapuche del campo enfrentan poderosas estrategiasde asimilación y exterminio de su cultura, sin embargo a nivel de lacomunidades rurales se pone de manifiesto la capacidad del pueblo mapuchepara adaptarse a los cambios, adecuarse, resistir e ir imponiendo los términosbásicos de las condiciones necesarias para reconstruirse como pueblooriginario de Chile
Bertolami, Miguel Angel. "Structures paysagères, production et dégradation des steppes de Patagonie argentine, Département d'Escalante, Province de Chubut." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20032.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the primary production and degradation of the landscape units in the Escalante Department of Chubut Province in the Argentine Patagonia. The sheep grassing has be the most important element in the population development processes at regional level along the XXth century and also the causes of the desertification processes in the arid natural landscapes. In the southeast area of Chubut Province, with a strong rain gradient are delimitated landscape units, from the climatic; geomorphological; topographics and phytogeographical characteristics. In these units the primary production and degradation levels are evaluated, to the field measures and the LANDSAT 5 and 7 data. The results confirm the higher level of carrying capacity in the eastern units, but in some cases the floristic composition is most important than the simple biomass measures. In relation to environmental degradation, the western units are high values than the eastern ones; with the exception the edaphic conditionated units in the east. The vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of the remote sensings products of 1986, 1997 and 2001, with strong climatic differences, are an moderate correlation to the primary production and environmental degradation. By other hands, the use of NDVI to delimitation the primary production in the most degradated soils is very complex and the floristic composition indetected in the satellital data, take an important place in the primary productivity evaluation. The analysis of these results shows the satellital imagery importance to asses and monitoring arid environment and also the fragility of predictions in ecosystems with high level of climatical interannual variability
Palliere, Augustin. "" Un sac de riz vide ne tient pas debout ". Dynamiques agraires régionales et marginalisation de la paysannerie sierra-léonaise." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055562.
Full textKazic, Dusan. "Plantes animées. De la production aux relations avec les plantes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA027.
Full textThis thesis deals with animated relationships between peasants and their plants in French fields. For some, plants are sentient and intelligent beings, for others they are working beings, accompanying beings, game beings, suffering beings. Some peasants speak to their plants, others weave loving relationships, and let their plants teach them how to cultivate them in the fields. In describing these relationships, the thesis shows that, thanks to the sensitive relations that these peasants weave with their plants, they animate them by leaving naturalist epistemologies aside. By taking these words seriously, literally, the thesis defends the hypothesis that, in order to prevent the agricultural world from becoming ruins, we must no longer seek to "produce differently", but we must break with the paradigm of production to anchor peasants and their plants in co-evolutionary relationships. By plunging into the history of modernity, that is to say by revisiting the conflict between the peasant world on one side and the modern world on the other, with the arrival of the physiocrats among the French intellectual and policy-making bodies, this thesis shows that the concept of production is based on a universalist and naturalized approach that has been imposed without any empirical basis in the agricultural world and in the modern world more widely
Gatien-Tournat, Amandine. "Spécificités de l'agriculture dans les vallées principales du bassin versant de la Maine." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3003/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis analyzes relationships betweenfarming activity and its local environment,precisely in the valleys. In these valleyenvironments that have specific features in termsof soils, topography and water flows modes,farming activities have to adapt, take advantage orcope with the natural features, as well as satisfyresource management requirements (such aswater and landscapes quality, riverbankmanagement, biodiversity...). The case study fieldis made of the three main valleys of a basin inwestern France, Maine river basin (Loir, Mayenneand Sarthe rivers). In these valleys areconcentrated several functions and social uses, inwhich agriculture represents one of the mostdominant elements. First, it is shown thatagriculture is specific in these valleys in terms ofenvironmental conditions and socio-economicalcontext, at different scales (from basin level tostudy areas level composed of a few municipalitiesin valleys), and throughout time (from 19th centuryuntil today). Then, interviews with farmers at thefarming system level give access to the variety ofassessments of a same local environment, namelythe bottom of the valley characterized by wet soilsand sloped sides. Specific land uses in the valleysare revealed from these investigations: kinds ofcrops, plots accessibility, grass forage types, etc.Finally, the selection of eight qualitative andquantitative criteria, such as distribution of plots,land use dynamics or nature of the relationship towater resources in the valley, has allowed us tobuild a typology of three types of farms, based onthe level of appreciation of the valley environmentby farmers
Gatien, Amandine. "Spécificités de l'agriculture dans les vallées principales du bassin versant de la Maine." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949507.
Full textRicci, Benoît. "Dynamique spatiale et dégâts de carpocapse dans la basse vallée de la Durance." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453639.
Full text