Academic literature on the topic 'Pays émergents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pays émergents"
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Darouichi, Oussama, Philippe Lamb, Satyadeep Rajan, and Divya Badri. "L�innovation frugale, la r�volution silencieuse issue des pays �mergents." Gestion 44, no. 1 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riges.441.0092.
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Khawaja, M. Idrees, and Musleh-Ud Din. "Banking: Interest Spread, Inelastic Deposit Supply, and Mergers." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 4II (December 1, 2006): 1055–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i4iipp.1055-1070.
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Interest spread, the difference between what a bank earns on its assets and what it pays on its liabilities, has been on an upward trend during the last few years: during 2005 the average interest spread of the banking sector has increased by 2.14 percent. An increase in the interest spread implies that either the depositor or the borrower or both stand to loose. In the context of developing economies, the lack of alternate avenues of financial intermediation aggravates the adverse impact of increase in spread.1 Interest spread also has implications for the effectiveness of the bank lending channel. For example, with a commitment to market based monetary policy, the central bank influences the yield on treasury bills (T. bill hereafter) that in turn affects the deposit and lending rates.2 The change in these rates influences the cost of capital that in turn affects the level of consumption and investment in the economy. If the pass-through of the changes in yield on T. bill rate to the deposit and lending rates is asymmetric then this changes the spread, for better or worse, depending upon the nature of asymmetry. If the increase in spread is due to lower return to depositors then this discourages savings; alternatively if it is due to higher charge on loans, investment decisions are affected. In either case the increase in spread has an adverse bearing upon the effectiveness of bank lending channel of monetary policy and has therefore important implications for the economy......
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BEREZOVSKIY, Eduard Eduardovich, Anatolii Aleksandrovich KIZIM, Vladimir Ivanovich GAYDUK, and Vladimir Dmitrievich SEKERIN. "Logistics Tools during Mergers and Acquisitions." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 8, no. 8 (September 3, 2018): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v8.8(30).05.
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The article considers basic areas of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) that are peculiar of modern companies based on logistics tools as auxiliary elements when planning various stages of preparing, carrying out and completing the integration or corporation. On this basis modern understanding of the M&A changes both globally and regionally is formed. The article pays special attention to the control over M&A transactions through the efficient implementation of logistics in intercompany processes of various business structures regardless of the scale and sector. It defines modern trends on accelerating M&A transactions in various areas (financial, industrial, energy) based on the extended tools of generally accepted approaches that make it possible to maximize the synergetic effect.
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Froeb, Luke, Steven Tschantz, and Gregory J. Werden. "Pass-through rates and the price effects of mergers." International Journal of Industrial Organization 23, no. 9-10 (December 2005): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.08.008.
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Lowatcharin, Grichawat, Charles Crumpton, Charles E. Menifield, and Pummin Promsorn. "What influences success of small local government amalgamations: a comparison of cases in Thailand and the United States." International Journal of Public Sector Management 34, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 568–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-10-2020-0271.
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PurposeMunicipal amalgamation (or merger or consolidation) is commonly employed in countries around the world to improve efficiency in public service. While mergers occur among jurisdictions of all sizes, the municipal amalgamation discourse is typically limited to one national setting and a focus on mergers of larger local jurisdictions. The existing municipal amalgamation literature pays little attention to predicate conditions for successful mergers. This study seeks to address these deficiencies by examining the premerger conditions and effects of municipal amalgamations that recently took place in four small jurisdictions of similar size in Thailand and the United States.Design/methodology/approachA holistic multiple case study approach was employed. These two cases share a geographical attribute: one municipal jurisdiction encircled by another.FindingsThe evidence indicates that factors associated with what the researchers refer to as “familiarity” facilitated both successful approval of and outcomes resulting from the amalgamation actions. While the study's findings align with international research regarding the potential for reducing administrative support costs through consolidation, its findings diverge from existing international evidence in that the evidence indicates operating effectiveness and efficiency improvements. Economies of scope and marginal economies of scale are in evidence. Although findings from this study indicate that there might be problematic effects regarding political representation and participation, in that the consolidated jurisdictions remain small in size, negative citizen engagement and participation consequences may be less than that evidenced in larger consolidated jurisdictions.Originality/valueThe study introduces the “familiarity” theorem as a theoretical lens to assist in understanding the cases.
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Piran, Tsvi. "Gamma-Ray Bursts and Binary Neutron Star Mergers." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 165 (1996): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900055959.
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Neutron star binaries, such as the one observed in the famous binary pulsar PSR 1913+16, end their life in a catastrophic merger event (denoted here NS2M). The merger releases ∼5 1053 ergs, mostly as neutrinos and gravitational radiation. A small fraction of this energy suffices to power γ-ray bursts (GRBs) at cosmological distances. Cosmological GRBs must pass, however, an optically thick fireball phase and the observed γ rays emerge only at the end of this phase. Hence, it is difficult to determine the nature of the source from present observations (the agreement between the rates of GRBs and NS2Ms providing only indirect evidence for this model). In the future a coinciding detection of a GRB and a gravitational-radiation signal could confirm this model.
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Baker, A. C., and D. L. Clements. "The Fate of Ultraluminous Mergers." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 186 (1999): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900112963.
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Galaxy formation is a diverse range of ongoing processes. Numerical simulations suggest that disk galaxies in collision pass through a massive burst of star formation, and produce ‘elliptical–like’ remnants similar to bone fide elliptical galaxies. The observed relative numbers of merging systems and elliptical galaxies are consistent with this picture (Toomre 1977). We here investigate further by studying the distribution of old stars in a sample of merging galaxies : the ultraluminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs). We selected ten ULIRGs from the literature (Clements & Baker 1996; Leech et al. 1994; Zhenglong et al. 1991; Melnick & Mirabel 1990) by two criteria: proximity (redshifts z < 0.15), for good spatial resolution; and confirmed signs of merging. We obtained deep K–band images (tint ~ 1000 - 2700s) in good seeing using MAGIC on the Calar Alto 3.5m telescope. Our data have a field–of–view roughly equivalent to 10 - 20 effective radii for the galaxies. We have fitted analytic surface brightness profiles to the data for the exponential disk and the de Vaucouleurs r1/4 elliptical descriptions. We strongly favour the elliptical-like description in 8 out of 10 cases, supporting the picture that collision and merger of classical spiral galaxies can produce classical elliptical galaxies, through tidal disruption, violent star formation accompanied by prodigious infrared emission, and gravitational relaxation. These data can also constrain the properties of the ULIRG (double) nuclei and hence the lifetime of the ULIRG phase (Baker & Clements 1998).
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Rees, Martin J. "Agns: Demography and Remnants." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600012028.
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In this contribution I shall first briefly review the arguments suggesting that most galaxies pass through a quasar or AGN phase early in their lifetime, perhaps concurrent with bulge formation. Then, as a footnote to the paper by van der Marel, I will discuss how relic black holes in quiescent galaxies could reveal themselves by the occasional flares resulting from tidal disruption of stars. In conclusion, I shall briefly discuss the phenomena associated with binary black holes, arguing that these are the likely outcome of galaxy mergers.
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Valette, Justine, Paul Amadieu, and Patrick Sentis. "Cooperatives versus Corporations: Survival in the French Wine Industry." Journal of Wine Economics 13, no. 3 (May 15, 2018): 328–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2017.1.
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AbstractThis article examines the survival rates of cooperatives in the French wine industry. Traditional theory claims that cooperatives are inefficient and consequently are prone to failure, but recent literature suggests a higher resilience. Can cooperatives cope better? We find that French wine cooperatives survive longer than corporations. This result is robust in semi-parametric and parametric models, even when we control for mergers and acquisitions. The higher survival rate of wine cooperatives seems to be associated with their ability to pass changes in their business environments on to their members. (JEL Classifications: C41, G30, Q13)
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Barou, Jacques. "Retrouvailles avec le père." Migrations Société N° 192, no. 2 (July 7, 2023): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/migra.192.0055.
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À partir des années 1950, la France a développé une politique migratoire envers l’Afrique qui favorisait l’arrivée d’hommes seuls ayant laissé leur famille dans leur pays d’origine. Cette absence prolongée du père, rythmée par des retours au pays une fois ou deux dans l’année, ne pouvait manquer d’avoir des répercussions sur la vie familiale et sur l’image du père aux yeux des enfants. Dans certains cas, le père a complètement disparu des préoccupations des enfants, laissant sa place à un autre adulte exerçant une fonction éducative envers eux : grand-père, oncle, frère aîné, voire voisin… mère, grand-mère ou tante, plus rarement. Dans d’autres cas, son absence a été source de souffrances et les retrouvailles ont été marquées par des conflits. Certains hommes ont fait venir dans le pays d’accueil un de leurs enfants sur le tard pour les accompagner dans leur vieillesse. La plupart du temps, ces enfants ont eu beaucoup de mal à s’adapter à leur nouvel environnement. Parfois ces retrouvailles ont pu, au contraire, favoriser l’émergence d’une image beaucoup plus positive du père. À partir d’une recherche menée au début des années 2000 1 , cet article se propose d’analyser les diverses configurations que peuvent prendre les retrouvailles avec un père vivant à distance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pays émergents"
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Kwok, Wai Paik. "Subordinate—leader trust in mergers and acquisitions in multicultural emerging economies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0229.
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Cette thèse met en lumière la confiance dans les nouvelles relations entre un subordonné et sa hiérarchie qui s’établissent après une fusion-acquisition (fusac) dans un pays émergent multiculturel. Un grand nombre de chercheurs s’est intéressé à la question du taux d’échec de plus de 50% des fusac. De nombreuses difficultés caractérisent le processus d’intégration d’une entreprise après son acquisition, y compris pour les employés. L’établissement de la confiance est un facteur clé du succès. S’appuyant sur des travaux effectués sous l’angle culturel des fusacs, ces trois essais traitent d’une lacune dans la connaissance de la dynamique de confiance et de la dynamique culturelle lors de l’intégration d’entreprises dont le personnel est multiculturel. L'essai 1 développe un cadre théorique pour l’étude de la confiance d’un subordonné issu d’une entreprise multiculturelle acquise envers la direction des acquéreurs étrangers, sur la base de la similitude ethnique ou religieuse. L’essai 2 teste plusieurs hypothèses sur la (dis)similitude religieuse et la confiance à partir du cadre théorique élaboré, modérées par trois facteurs spécifiques à l’acquisition. L’essai 3 examine la dynamique culturelle et la dynamique de confiance au travers de deux études de cas : une acquisition malaisienne locale comparée à l’acquisition d’une entreprise malaisienne par une entreprise sud-africaine. L’analyse par abduction de 35 interviews d’employés des entreprises acquéreuses et acquises met en évidence que la perméabilisation des frontières managériales a facilité le développement de la confiance entre les subordonnés et leur directionThis dissertation illuminates trust in new subordinate—leader relationships arising from mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in multicultural emerging economies. A large body of researchers has probed the notorious M&A failure rate of over 50%. Complexity and uncertainty characterize post-acquisition integration including for the personnel. Trust is a key success factor. Building on research into the cultural perspective of M&As, three related essays address a knowledge gap in trust and cultural dynamics when integrating firms with multicultural personnel. Essay 1 develops a theoretical framework of multicultural acquired-firm subordinate trust in foreign acquirer leaders, based on ethnic or religious similarity. The M&A concept of multiculturalism is combined with self-categorization and similarity-attraction theories to explicate how subordinates alleviate integration uncertainty to develop trust. Essay 2 tests religious (dis)similarity—trust hypotheses from this framework, moderated by three acquisition-specific factors. Policy-capturing data from 411 multifaith Malaysian personnel demonstrates the nuanced role of religion as a catalyst (constraint) of trust in cross-border M&As. Essay 3 examines the cultural and trust dynamics in two case studies, comparing a domestic Malaysian acquisition and a South African—Malaysian acquisition. Abductive analysis of 35 interviews of acquirer and acquired-firm personnel reveals that managerial boundary spanning facilitated subordinate—leader trust development. Paradoxically, integrating the domestic rather than cross-border acquisition was more complex when within-country religious diversity and linguistic diversity are considered
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Kwok, Wai Paik. "Subordinate—leader trust in mergers and acquisitions in multicultural emerging economies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0229.
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Cette thèse met en lumière la confiance dans les nouvelles relations entre un subordonné et sa hiérarchie qui s’établissent après une fusion-acquisition (fusac) dans un pays émergent multiculturel. Un grand nombre de chercheurs s’est intéressé à la question du taux d’échec de plus de 50% des fusac. De nombreuses difficultés caractérisent le processus d’intégration d’une entreprise après son acquisition, y compris pour les employés. L’établissement de la confiance est un facteur clé du succès. S’appuyant sur des travaux effectués sous l’angle culturel des fusacs, ces trois essais traitent d’une lacune dans la connaissance de la dynamique de confiance et de la dynamique culturelle lors de l’intégration d’entreprises dont le personnel est multiculturel. L'essai 1 développe un cadre théorique pour l’étude de la confiance d’un subordonné issu d’une entreprise multiculturelle acquise envers la direction des acquéreurs étrangers, sur la base de la similitude ethnique ou religieuse. L’essai 2 teste plusieurs hypothèses sur la (dis)similitude religieuse et la confiance à partir du cadre théorique élaboré, modérées par trois facteurs spécifiques à l’acquisition. L’essai 3 examine la dynamique culturelle et la dynamique de confiance au travers de deux études de cas : une acquisition malaisienne locale comparée à l’acquisition d’une entreprise malaisienne par une entreprise sud-africaine. L’analyse par abduction de 35 interviews d’employés des entreprises acquéreuses et acquises met en évidence que la perméabilisation des frontières managériales a facilité le développement de la confiance entre les subordonnés et leur directionThis dissertation illuminates trust in new subordinate—leader relationships arising from mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in multicultural emerging economies. A large body of researchers has probed the notorious M&A failure rate of over 50%. Complexity and uncertainty characterize post-acquisition integration including for the personnel. Trust is a key success factor. Building on research into the cultural perspective of M&As, three related essays address a knowledge gap in trust and cultural dynamics when integrating firms with multicultural personnel. Essay 1 develops a theoretical framework of multicultural acquired-firm subordinate trust in foreign acquirer leaders, based on ethnic or religious similarity. The M&A concept of multiculturalism is combined with self-categorization and similarity-attraction theories to explicate how subordinates alleviate integration uncertainty to develop trust. Essay 2 tests religious (dis)similarity—trust hypotheses from this framework, moderated by three acquisition-specific factors. Policy-capturing data from 411 multifaith Malaysian personnel demonstrates the nuanced role of religion as a catalyst (constraint) of trust in cross-border M&As. Essay 3 examines the cultural and trust dynamics in two case studies, comparing a domestic Malaysian acquisition and a South African—Malaysian acquisition. Abductive analysis of 35 interviews of acquirer and acquired-firm personnel reveals that managerial boundary spanning facilitated subordinate—leader trust development. Paradoxically, integrating the domestic rather than cross-border acquisition was more complex when within-country religious diversity and linguistic diversity are considered
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Singal, Manisha. "Corporate Governance and Strategic Behavior: A Study of Acquisitions and CEO Compensation Practices of Publicly-Owned and Family-Controlled Firms in S&P 500." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77369.
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Recent research has suggested that interest alignment, i.e., the degree to which members of an organization are motivated to behave in line with organizational goals, is a source of competitive advantage that can generate rents for the firm (Gottschlag and Zollo, 2007). Drawing on agency theory, this dissertation tests whether the interest alignment premise manifests itself differently in the strategic behavior of family-controlled firms when compared to their nonfamily peers. In particular, for firms in the S&P 500, I evaluate the results of two important strategic policies; mergers and acquisitions, as well as CEO compensation practices.
In studying acquisitions made by family and nonfamily firms in the S&P 500 index from 1992-2006, I find that family firms are more careful when embarking on actions leading to mergers than non-family firms, as evidenced by their selection of smaller targets and targets who are in related businesses. I also find that there is a preponderance of cash purchases by family firms that does not vary with market movements and that completion times for merger transactions are shorter than for non family firms. The care and concern with which family-controlled firms choose their "mates" translates into higher stock returns when compared with non-family firms. Overall, I believe that family-controlled firms derive value from their merger and acquisition strategy.
With regard to CEO compensation practices, I find that family firms provide strong incentives to the CEO for superior performance but pay significantly lower than nonfamily firms in terms of both salary and stock-based pay. The pay-for-performance sensitivity between annual stock returns and total compensation is significantly greater for family firms in general, and for family CEOs when compared with compensation of CEOs in nonfamily firms. The pay-for-performance sensitivity is in turn positively related to firm performance, suggesting that firms with greater pay-for-performance sensitivity (family controlled firms) also perform better.
The analyses in my thesis thus illustrate that family-controlled firms and non-family firms in the S&P 500 differ in their strategic decision-making. It would be fair to say that family firms have longer investment horizons and give deliberate thought to expending resources whether for acquisitions or for CEO pay, and may suffer lower agency costs than nonfamily firms due to family governance (and public monitoring) which may lead to their relative superior performance. This dissertation finds that each acquisition made by a family controlled firm generates an extra return of 0.50% when compared with a nonfamily firm, and family controlled firms earn 0.50% every year directly attributable to pay-for-performance sensitivity.
The study thus underlines and reiterates the importance of instilling the long-term view in the management of all firms, lowering agency costs, and aligning the interests of managers with those of stockholders for superior financial performancePh. D.
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Dupin, Coralie. "Les fusions transfrontalières de sociétés de capitaux dans l'Union européenne : aspects de droit social." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020006.
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Les fusions transfrontalières de sociétés de capitaux n’intéressent pas uniquement le droit des sociétés mais revêtent aussi d’importants aspects de droit social. Si la directive du 26 octobre 2005 facilite ces opérations, le renvoi aux législations nationales opéré soulève de nombreuses difficultés en l’absence de traitement harmonisé de leurs conséquences sociales. Les interrogations suscitées par la mise en oeuvre de la participation des travailleurs aux organes de gestion de la société issue de l’opération n’en sont qu’une illustration. D’autres questions relatives notamment au devenir des instances de représentation du personnel existant au sein des sociétés parties à la fusion, aux normes collectives ou aux contrats de travail, restent en suspens. A celles-ci et à d’autres, cette étude tente d’apporter des réponses. Les enjeux dont les fusions transfrontalières sont porteuses l’exigentCross-border mergers of incorporated companies do not only interest Company Law but also comprise important aspects of Labour & Employment Law. If the European Directive dated 26 October 2005 facilitates these transactions, the reference made to national legislation raises many difficulties in the absence of harmonized treatment of the social consequences of transactions. The questions raised by the implementation of workers' participation in management bodies of the company resulting from the transaction are an illustration. Other issues include the fate of employees’ representative bodies of existing staff within the merging companies, collective norms and employment contracts, remain unresolved. To these and others, this study attempts to provide answers. The consequences of the cross-border transactions require that answers be given to the unresolved issues
Books on the topic "Pays émergents"
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L'enjeu mondial: Les pays e mergents. Paris: SciencesPo Les Presse, 2008.
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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Politiques agricoles: Suivi et e valuation 2011 : pays de l'OCDE et e conomies e mergentes. Paris: OCDE, 2011.
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BenDaniel, David J. The handbook of international mergers and acquisitions. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.
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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Politiques Agricoles : ?Conomies ?Mergentes Et Pays En Transition: 1999. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation & Dev, 1999.
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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Politiques Agricoles : ?Conomies ?Mergentes Et Pays En Transition: 2000. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation & Dev, 2000.
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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Politiques Agricoles : ?Conomies ?Mergentes Et Pays En Transition: Regards Sur Les Mesures Non Tarifaires 2001. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation & Dev, 2001.
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Dahiya, Surbhi. Indian Media Giants. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190132620.001.0001.
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Abstract The establishment of mass media organizations in India is contemporaneous with that of its counterparts in the developed world. Indian Media Giants: Unveiling the Business Dynamics of Print Legacies is an analytical chronicle of six Indian mega media conglomerates' individual odyssey from their humble, incipient beginnings in the pre-independence era to their transformation into powerful business empires in the digitised world. The book traces Indian Media metamorphosis, the birth, phase-wise contours of growth and development, travails and trajectories, organizational structures, editorial policies and business dynamics of print majors in India, namely, The Times Group, The Hindu Group, The Hindustan Times Limited, The Indian Express Group, Dainik Jagran Limited and DB Corp Limited. It unravels their understanding of the values of co-dependence, collaboration, and competition with their contemporaries. It is an untold story of how these organizations leapt over the perimeters of conventional greatness to achieve unmeasured success that spans the globe. The book analyses how innovations have been brought in the management policies of these print businesses, with respect to production, distribution, consumption, while accrediting the visionary leadership that drives each organisation forward in its endeavours. What the case studies also details, is the wide extent of strategic intent enunciation; the role of product lines, development and diversification into radio, TV, digital and other segments; geographical spread, expansion, regional penetration and international footprint; the role of technological advancements in throwing up unimaginably new business opportunities; strategic alliances, mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and takeovers; manpower management policies; CSR activities and financial performance of these media giants. The theoretical implications of the growth of media organisations in terms of the nature of mass media and its products are also underlined. The book focuses on the theoretical framework of media management and pays attention on the changing media management practices from one era to another, gradually orienting and re-orienting the strategic positioning of respective media giants to the pulse of the media market and the opportunities under various regulatory regimes. It is replete with the meticulous analysis of the editorial values and business dynamics upon which their legacies are founded, changing business models adopted by the media moguls, the ripples they have created in the media world and how they are constantly being modified to suit the tastes of the modernising market. With this, and more, Indian Media Giants is a holistic compendium that offers multiple perspectives on how print media organizations in India have grown from strength to strength and have become platform agnostic. The book also details the changing media landscape in India and also underlines the efforts of media giants in retaining print while embracing the digital. The book will be of immense value to the academic fraternity and industry professionals to gain an incisive as well as panoptic view and understanding of the Indian media conglomerates. Compressed in these pages is the analytical story of the past, present and future of the Indian print legacies for the pleasure and curiosity of the readers.
Book chapters on the topic "Pays émergents"
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Bissaya Bessaya, Euloge Thierry. "Chapitre 3 : Quelle(s) langue(s) pour l’émergence au Cameroun ? Enjeux d’un nouvel aménagement linguistique." In Re-penser les politiques linguistiques en Afrique à l’ère de la mondialisation, 89–108. Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oep.bigir.2023.01.0089.
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Le Cameroun compte 205 langues maternelles, deux langues étrangères et deux langues hors phylum. Depuis les indépendances, le pays a toujours adopté des politiques linguistiques qui sont fonction de son orientation à la fois politiques et économiques. En 2003, il s’est lancé dans un vaste programme d’émergence. Et la linguistique, en tant que pan entier de la stratégie économique, n’est pas en reste. Seulement, depuis quelques années, le pays s’est retrouvé en proie aux questions de cohésion nationale. Cohésion qui, si elle n’est pas assez bien maîtrisée, se présente comme un frein à l’objectif d’émergence. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une nouvelle orientation des politiques linguistiques qui tienne en compte le pouvoir de chacune des langues en présence dans une aire socio-ethnique afin de déterminer le profil linguistique que devrait adopter chaque Camerounais en vue de maintenir un certain équilibre pour que l’idéal d’émergence soit atteint. À partir de la théorie des régulations, l’on arrive à la conclusion selon laquelle le profil linguistique du Camerounais serait le quadrilinguisme extensible.
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Maddox, Matthew L., and Jonathan E. MacDonald. "Reflexive constructions in German, Spanish, and French as a product of cyclic interaction." In Continuity and Variation in Germanic and Romance, 137–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841166.003.0006.
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German sich and Spanish se can have reflexive or anticausative interpretations but only Spanish se can have a passive interpretation. We argue that Spanish Passse is the result of interaction between the subject agreement cycle and the reflexive object cycle. We make two claims: i) pro merges in Spec-Voice in Passse, due to the subject agreement cycle; and ii) se heads Voice due to the reflexive cycle. The types of reflexive constructions a language has depends on the presence/absence of pro and the categorial status of the reflexive pronoun (head or DP). French appears problematic since it has Passse but lacks subject pro. However, Passse existed in Old French (Cennamo 1993), which was a null subject language (Vance 1997). Thus, French is consistent with this claim; i.e., it developed Passse when it had subject pro and se as a head. Passse survived into Modern French as a historical remnant.
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DiIulio, John Peter. "Liberal Justice." In Completely Free, 140–205. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691211220.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses John Stuart Mill's liberal theory, confirming what principle ought to govern the relationship between the individual and society and when it is permissible for society to interfere with the individual. It explicates the general value Mill places on what is known as liberty as non-interference and argues that Mill both echoes and exceeds the core Benthamite reasons for valuing liberty. It also addresses the meaning of the so-called Harm Principle, wherein “harm” for Mill is to act “unjustly” and it merges Mill's liberal theory with his moral theory. The chapter reconstructs Mill's absolutist defense of intellectual liberty and pays special attention to Mill's conception of individual originality, including how it deepens and refines his theory of happiness.
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Kovats, Ildiko. "Hungary." In Regulating the Changing Media, 177–99. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198267812.003.0006.
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Abstract criticism of the exclusive concession granted to the Hungarian Telecom company Matav following the ending of the state monopoly telephone service in 1993; fierce competition, mergers and strategic alliances as industry prepares for deregulation of telecommunications within the European Union; recognition of the need for an integrated telecom infrastructure and a fight for dominance of such a structure between telephone, cable, and broadcasting companies; the emergence of commercial radio and television stations and a proliferation of channels, most recently pay-TV and a satellite channel following the establishment of the legal preconditions for independent broadcasting; and the emergence of commercial Internet services.
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Gugler, Klaus. "Takeovers and the market for corporate control." In Corporate Governance and Economic Performance, 32–41. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199245703.003.0004.
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Abstract Like a lot of people, you may still think of the 1980s as the era of merger mania. Well, wake up: Todays mergers and acquisitions make the ‘80s look small-time. The global M&A market broke all records last year at $1 trillion and at its current pace will hit$ 1.3 trillion this year. (The biggest year of the ‘80s was 1989: $600 billion.) The reasons aren’t mysterious. Technological change, deregulation, and globalization are driving many industries consolidate; perhaps most important, with equity markets booming, CEOs are comfortable using their stock to pay what they might in other times consider ridiculously full prices.
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Barney, Jay B. "Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy." In Resources, Firms, And Strategies, 146–60. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198781806.003.0012.
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Abstract Research on corporate growth through acquisitions and mergers suggests the existence of markets for buying and selling companies (Porter 1980, p. 350; Schall 1972; Mossin 1973; Copeland and Weston 1979). Most empirical evidence seems to suggest that these markets are reasonably competitive. That is, the price an acquiring firm will generally have to pay to acquire a firm in these markets is approximately equal to the discounted present value of the acquired firm (Mandelkar 1974; Halpern 1973; Ellert 1976). Indeed, if above normal returns accrue to anyone in markets for companies, research seems to suggest that they will most likely go to the stockholders of the acquired, rather than the acquiring firms (Porter 1980, p. 352; Ellert 1976).
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Chnane-Davin, Fatima, Phemelo Kewagamang, Moises Mabunda, Ousseynou Thiam, and Lahoucine Ait Sagh. "Chapitre 15 : La recherche pour repenser les politiques linguistiques. Orientations, enjeux et défis de l’enseignement du français dans les pays francophones, anglophones, arabophones et lusophones." In Re-penser les politiques linguistiques en Afrique à l’ère de la mondialisation, 367–405. Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oep.bigir.2023.01.0367.
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L’Afrique est marquée par une forte diversité linguistique. La décolonisation s’est caractérisée par l’adoption de la langue coloniale comme langue officielle et académique dans l’immense majorité des pays. Dans la plupart des cas, cette langue cohabite avec une ou plusieurs langues nationales. Les politiques linguistiques éducatives attribuent à cette langue, le statut de langue officielle, de langue seconde, de langue de scolarisation. Dans des contextes voisins, cette langue peut également avoir un statut lui permettant d’avoir une place dans le pays pour des raisons d’échanges économiques, politiques, culturelles ou autres. Le marché linguistique est complexe puisque plusieurs langues et variétés linguistiques y coexistent. En effet, la mondialisation en tant que processus historique interroge aujourd’hui les dynamiques des langues déterminant leurs places et invitant les politiques linguistiques à repenser leur statut, leur place à l’école et dans la société. Des changements notables ont été enregistrés, au niveau des statuts et des champs réservés pour chaque idiome. En effet, une concurrence symbolique anime les rapports entre ces langues. Ainsi, cette diversité et complexité linguistique avaient et ont toujours des répercussions sur les différentes politiques linguistiques éducatives. C’est le cas de langue française en contact avec d’autres langues dans les différents contextes sociolinguistiques francophones, anglophones, arabophones et lusophones. Si elle demeure langue officielle, langue de scolarisation dans les pays francophones, elle est sans statut mais considérée comme langue étrangère dans les pays anglophones et lusophones. Mais dans tous les cas, elle cohabite avec des langues locales, maternelles. Par conséquent, des questions émergent : Quelle est la place du français et des autres langues à l’école ? Comment les États africains s’assurent de la survie de leurs langues marginalisées dans ce monde tant globalisé ? Après la décolonisation, la mondialisation met en avant la communication globale qui sous-tend la diffusion, l’usage et la valorisation des langues internationales. Ainsi, les décideurs politiques se voient obligés d’établir un terrain d’entente sur le rôle des langues locales et coloniales.
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Drobak, John N. "Belief Systems and Confirmation Bias." In Rethinking Market Regulation, 101–14. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197578957.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 uses lessons from the new institutional economics and the concepts of confirmation bias and belief systems to explain why so many people are reluctant to change their views about the U.S. markets and about the desirability of additional government regulation. The chapter begins by describing the development of belief systems, the filter through which people see the world. It explains how people create mental models of the world to simplify things and how people use heuristics and rules of thumb to help make decisions. Once people develop their views of how the world works, confirmation bias makes it difficult to change them. People have a tendency to pay attention to the information that reinforces their prior beliefs and to disregard information that challenges them. In addition, the vast majority of people have much more to think about than the relationship between the market and the government, so they do not pay much attention to details. The chapter uses studies about the rigidity of political views as an example to show the difficulty in changing the public’s acceptance of the harm done to workers by mergers and outsourcing.
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Hannan, Michael T., and Glenn R. Carroll. "Density and Organizational Mortality." In Dynamics of Organizational Populations, 116–42. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071917.003.0006.
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Abstract We turn now to density dependence in rates of organizational mortality. Even though the main questions are the same as those in Chapter 4, this chapter’s structure differs in three main ways. First, the relevant stochastic processes have different state spaces. Founding, as we defined it, denotes a unitary event. (Recall that we do not regard starts by mergers or secessions as foundings.) Each founding means the creation of a new organization from scratch, and each presumably responds to the same causal processes. Mortality, as we shall see, is not a unitary event because organizational lifetimes end in several different ways. The rates of different types of mortality may be governed by different causal processes. Therefore, we pay considerable attention to different types of organizational mortality. We argue that the theory of legitimation and competition does not apply to all types, and we conduct empirical analyses to learn whether this is so.
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Kokanova, Elena, Aleksandra Epimakhova, Maxim Berendyaev, Nikolay Kulikov, Maria Evgrafova, and Natalya Pak. "Traduction automatique, un nouveau défi pour la formation des traducteurs : le cas de l’Université fédérale Arctique (Russie)." In Traduction automatique et usages sociaux des langues. Quelle conséquences pour la diversité linguistique ?, 101–14. Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oep.beacc.2021.01.0101.
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L’article est fondé sur l’expérience scientifique et pédagogique d’une équipe de professeurs et étudiants du Département des technologies de traduction joint au Bureau de traduction « AKM-WEST » de l’Université fédérale Arctique (Arkhangelsk). C’est le premier département russe de ce type en traduction. Une enquête menée auprès des enseignants d’école à Arkhangelsk en 2018 révèle que la traduction automatique (TA) était jugée tabou par 95 % de participants. Cela s’explique par le fait que leurs élèves l’utilisent souvent sans respecter la consigne, mais aussi par l’idée reçue sur la mauvaise qualité de la TA. Pourtant, sa qualité s’améliore (surtout pour l’anglais) avec l’émergence de la traduction automatique neuronale (TAN). Notre expérience de 2019 parmi les étudiants en traduction révèle que 90 % des participants ne distinguent pas la TAN de la traduction humaine alors qu’ils identifient facilement la TA statistique. Cela pose problème, vu que beaucoup d’étudiants utilisent la TA avant d’avoir acquis les connaissances sur les erreurs typiques de la TA. Ils doivent apprendre la typologie de ces erreurs, les critères du contrôle qualité et la post-édition en même temps que la traduction en elle-même. L’émergence de la TA redéfinit donc tout le système de formation de traducteurs.
Conference papers on the topic "Pays émergents"
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Pennacchi, P., R. Ricci, S. Chatterton, P. Borghesani, A. Vania, G. D’Antona, C. Pensieri, and C. Rolla. "Dynamic Effects of Electrical Pitting in Steam-Turbine Tilting-Pad Thrust-Bearings." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71132.
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This paper merges the analysis of a case history and the simplified theoretical model related to a rather singular phenomenon that may happen in rotating machinery. Starting from the first, a small industrial steam turbine experienced a very strange behavior during megawatt load. When the unit was approaching the maximum allowed power, the temperature of the babbitt metal of the pads of the thrust bearing showed constant increase with an unrecoverable drift. Bearing inspection showed that pad trailing edge had the typical aspect of electrical pitting. This kind of damage was not reparable and bearing pads had to replaced. This problem occurred several times in sequence and was solved only by adding further ground brushes to the shaft-line. Failure analysis indicated electrodischarge machining as the root fault. A specific model, able to take into consideration the effect of electrical pitting and loading capacity decreasing as a consequence of the damage of the babbitt metal, is proposed in the paper and shows that the phenomenon causes the irretrievable failure of the thrust bearing.
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Chung, So-Ra, Sangtak Park, Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman, John Yeow, and Mahmoud Khater. "MEMS Demodulator." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87968.
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This paper presents research focusing on developing and simulating a new way of digital demodulation for the front end Radio frequency (RF) mechanically using MEMS electrostatic actuator by sensing the displacement of a parallel-plates. The operating principle based on the coupling multi-physics of the proposed demodulation device is explained. The analytical modeling and simulation results with experimental data are presented. Recent developments in the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology have shown the benefits of reliable mechanical strength that merges with electrical properties. Interest has increased and thus on to improve their performance by applying MEMS technology as to replace existing industrial parts and tools. A typical RF receiver consists of a front end, a band-pass filter, low noise amplifier (LNA), a local oscillator, and a mixer that recovers a baseband signal from a modulated RF signal. In a heterodyne receiver there is more than one intermediate stage. ASK and FSK digital demodulation using electrostatic actuator indicates better feasibility at lower frequency lower than 100 Hz for digital demodulation while indicating wide range of potential baseband range up to 1 kHz.
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Collins, Laurie E., Yankui Bian, Chris Penniston, and Paul Weber. "Skelp End Welding in Helical Pipe Production." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31277.
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The production of large diameter pipe by the helical welding process requires that consecutive coils be welded together to facilitate the advance of each subsequent coil through the forming section of the pipe mill. Traditionally, the skelp ends have been joined by a single-pass submerged arc weld simply designed to join the skelp ends together and provide sufficient strength and ductility to survive the pipe forming operation. Subsequent to pipe forming, the length of pipe containing the skelp end weld (SEW) has been cut off and discarded. This process results in both a substantial yield loss as well as additional processing costs as the shortened pipes are later double jointed to produce full size lengths. To overcome these inefficiencies, a process has been developed for making high quality skelp end welds which meet API and CSA requirements. In this paper, the welding process will be described and evaluation of the integrity of the skelp end weld is discussed. Of particular interest are the properties of both the weld and associated heat affected zone in the vicinity of the “T” where the skelp end weld merges with the helical weld. This paper demonstrates that skelp end welds meeting rigorous integrity specifications can be successfully produced. Incorporation of suitable skelp end welding and inspection procedures in the pipe production process significantly enhances the efficiency of helical pipe production.
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Mizoguchi, Tomohiro, Hiroaki Date, Satoshi Kanai, and Takeshi Kishinami. "Quasi-Optimal Mesh Segmentation Via Region Growing/Merging." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35171.
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Recently meshes of engineering objects are easily acquired by 3D laser or high energy X-ray CT scanning systems, and these meshes are widely used in product developments. To effectively use scanned meshes in engineering applications, such as inspection, CAD model reconstruction, and convergent-type CAE, we need to segment meshes and extract desirable regions and their approximating surfaces as preprocessing. Engineering objects are commonly represented as a set of analytic surfaces, such as planes, cylinders, spheres, cones, and tori. Therefore, the mesh surface of engineering objects needs to be approximated as a set of analytic surfaces. Moreover, a mesh surface should be approximated with a minimum number of analytic surfaces and their approximating error should be minimized as a result of segmentation. We call the segmentation that satisfies these two conditions the optimal segmentation as proposed in [1]. However, optimal segmentation algorithms need a long calculation time. Today’s high energy X-ray CT scanning systems generate large meshes with millions of triangles from objects including hundreds of regions. Thus, computationally expensive algorithms, such as [1], cannot be directly applied to these large and complex meshes from the aspect of efficiency. In this paper we propose an efficient new quasi-optimal mesh segmentation algorithm via region growing and region merging. First, our algorithm robustly and accurately estimates mesh principal curvatures using the local surface fitting by two-pass algorithm. Second, it uses the curvatures to appropriately create seed regions, and then it quickly grows each seed region and extracts grown regions and their approximating analytic surfaces from a whole mesh. Finally, our region merging algorithm efficiently merges extracted regions in order to minimize the number of regions while keeping the user specified tolerances of the surface fitting, and it results in quasi-optimal segmentation. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm with scanned meshes acquired from real engineering objects by 3D laser and X-ray CT scanning systems.