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Journal articles on the topic 'Pavlovian Conditioning'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Lariviere, Nancy A., and Norman E. Spear. "Early Pavlovian conditioning impairs later Pavlovian conditioning." Developmental Psychobiology 29, no. 7 (November 1996): 613–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199611)29:7<613::aid-dev5>3.0.co;2-x.

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2

Martin, Irene, and A. B. Levey. "Human Pavlovian conditioning." Biological Psychology 27, no. 2 (October 1988): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(88)90053-1.

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3

Steinmetz, Joseph E., Gabrielle B. Britton, and John T. Green. "How is the feed-forward Pavlovian control system instantiated in neurobiology?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00422430.

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While feed-forward mechanisms may be ubiquitous in biological systems that form the substrates of Pavlovian conditioning, the control system proposed by Domjan, Cusato & Villarreal seems too elaborate for Pavlovian conditioning of simple skeletal muscle responses. We discuss here how the known neural substrates of classical eyeblink conditioning can be described in feed-forward terms, but argue that the monitor/comparator part of the system is not necessary and perhaps could even be detrimental to simple, nonsocial forms of Pavlovian conditioning.

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4

Domjan, Michael, Brian Cusato, and Ronald Villarreal. "Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms in the control of social behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00002430.

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The conceptual and investigative tools for the analysis of social behavior can be expanded by integrating biological theory, control systems theory, and Pavlovian conditioning. Biological theory has focused on the costs and benefits of social behavior from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. In contrast, control systems theory is concerned with how machines achieve a particular goal or purpose. The accurate operation of a system often requires feed-forward mechanisms that adjust system performance in anticipation of future inputs. Pavlovian conditioning is ideally suited to subserve this function in behavioral systems. Pavlovian mechanisms have been demonstrated in various aspects of sexual behavior, maternal lactation, and infant suckling. Pavlovian conditioning of agonistic behavior has been also reported, and Pavlovian processes may likewise be involved in social play and social grooming. Several further lines of evidence indicate that Pavlovian conditioning can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of social interactions, thereby improving their cost/benefit ratio. We extend Pavlovian concepts beyond the traditional domain of discrete secretory and other physiological reflexes to complex real-world behavioral interactions and apply abstract laboratory analyses of the mechanisms of associative learning to the daily challenges animals face as they interact with one another in their natural environments.

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5

Grace, Randolph C., and John A. Nevin. "Behavioral momentum and Pavlovian conditioning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 5 (October 2004): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04230163.

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The constructs of behavioral mass in research on the momentum of operant behavior and associative strength in Pavlovian conditioning have some interesting parallels, as suggested by Savastano & Miller. Some recent findings challenge the strict separation of operant and Pavlovian determiners of response rate and resistance to change in behavioral momentum, renewing the need for research on the interaction of processes that have traditionally been studied separately. Relatedly, Furedy notes that some autonomic responses may be refractory to conditioning, but a combination of operant contingencies and enriched Pavlovian stimulus-reinforcer relations may prove effective.

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6

Gardner, Beatrix T., and R. Allen Gardner. "Beyond Pavlovian classical conditioning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 1989): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00024651.

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7

Bond, Nigel W., and David A. T. Siddle. "Human Pavlovian conditioning: Commentaries." Biological Psychology 27, no. 2 (October 1988): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(88)90049-x.

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8

Cheng, Yankun, Ya Lin, Tao Zeng, Xuanyu Shan, Zhongqiang Wang, Xiaoning Zhao, Daniele Ielmini, Haiyang Xu, and Yichun Liu. "Pavlovian conditioning achieved via one-transistor/one-resistor memristive synapse." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 13 (March 28, 2022): 133503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086867.

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Mimicking Pavlovian conditioning by memristive synapse is significant to implement neuromorphic computing at the hardware level. In this work, we demonstrated the Pavlovian conditioning based on the artificial synapse architecture of one-transistor/one-resistor (1T1R), which included an AgInSbTe/α-C-based memristor as a variable resistance and an N-MOS transistor. Thanks to stable resistance switching behavior of memristor and outstanding controllability of device conductance by transistor gating of 1T1R, the experimental demonstration of the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian conditioning were realized. Moreover, the temporal relation between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli was also established in which the memory time of associative learning decreased with the increase in the interval of two stimuli. This work provided an idea to biorealistically mimic the Pavlovian conditioning, paving the way for memristive neuromorphic computing.

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9

Killeen, Peter R. "Boxing Day." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00332435.

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A convincing case is made for the importance of conditioning in social interaction, but more than Pavlovian conditioning is involved: UR (unconditioned response) modification, imprinting, Skinnerian conditioning, and other forms of behavior modification are adduced as Pavlovian. Beyond its value as an icon, control theory is not brought to bear in an informative fashion on these phenomena.

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10

Crow, Terry, and Lian-Ming Tian. "Pavlovian Conditioning inHermissenda:A Circuit Analysis." Biological Bulletin 210, no. 3 (June 2006): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4134565.

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11

Lachnit, Harald, and Achim Bohn. "Pavlovian conditioning with proximal stimuli." Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science 21, no. 4 (October 1986): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02734514.

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12

Christie, John. "Spatial contiguity facilitates Pavlovian conditioning." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 3, no. 3 (September 1996): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03210760.

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13

Swartzentruber, Dale. "Modulatory mechanisms in Pavlovian conditioning." Animal Learning & Behavior 23, no. 2 (June 1995): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03199928.

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14

Rescorla, R. A. "Behavioral Studies of Pavlovian Conditioning." Annual Review of Neuroscience 11, no. 1 (March 1988): 329–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.001553.

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15

Maren, Stephen. "Neurobiology of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning." Annual Review of Neuroscience 24, no. 1 (March 2001): 897–931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.897.

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16

Domjan, Michael. "Pavlovian Conditioning: A Functional Perspective." Annual Review of Psychology 56, no. 1 (February 2005): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141409.

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17

Parra, Cristina, Francisco Esteves, Anders Flykt, and Arne Öhman. "Pavlovian Conditioning to Social Stimuli." European Psychologist 2, no. 2 (January 1997): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.2.2.106.

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Using a Pavlovian procedure, human subjects were conditioned to pictures of angry faces with a mild electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus. They were then tested with backward masking conditions preventing conscious recognition of the facial stimuli. In the first experiment a shock followed a particular nonmasked angry face which was exposed among many other faces. Although the subjects did not rate this face as familiar in a subsequent test when is was presented masked among other masked and nonmasked faces, it elicited larger skin conductance responses than did nonshocked control faces. This dissociation between explicit recognition and implicit skin conductance differentiation was replicated in the second experiment, in which the subjects rated their shock expectancy. Although conditioning resulted in much better differentiation between conditioned and control faces during nonmasked than masked test-trials, skin conductance differentiation did not differ between the two masking conditions.

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18

Bradfield, Laura, and Gavan P. McNally. "Unblocking in Pavlovian fear conditioning." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 34, no. 2 (2008): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.34.2.256.

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19

Rescorla, Robert A. "Contemporary Study of Pavlovian Conditioning." Spanish Journal of Psychology 6, no. 2 (November 2003): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005333.

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Pavlov's first report on conditioning emphasized its role in allowing the animal to adjust to its environment. Contemporary theories have seen this adjustment in terms of developing accurate knowledge of the environment. Three aspects of that thinking are explored: how the animal acquires initial knowledge, how it changes its knowledge when conditions of the world change, and how it makes use of multiple knowledge representations.

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20

Hanley, Adam W., and Eric L. Garland. "Mindfulness training disrupts Pavlovian conditioning." Physiology & Behavior 204 (May 2019): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.028.

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21

Hernández, Linda L., James D. Valentine, and D. A. Powell. "Ethanol enhancement of Pavlovian conditioning." Behavioral Neuroscience 100, no. 4 (1986): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.100.4.494.

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22

Steele-Russell, Ian, M. I. Russell, J. A. Castiglioni, J. A. Reuter, and M. W. van Hof. "Selective attention and Pavlovian conditioning." Experimental Brain Research 173, no. 4 (April 21, 2006): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0404-z.

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23

Burns, Rosalind, José E. Burgos, and John W. Donahoe. "Pavlovian conditioning: Pigeon nictitating membrane." Behavioural Processes 86, no. 1 (January 2011): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2010.10.004.

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24

Kleinschmidt, Helmut, and Harald Lachnit. "Pavlovian conditioning and rule learning." Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science 28, no. 2 (April 1993): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02691220.

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25

Vogel, Edgar H., Marı́a E. Castro, and Marı́a A. Saavedra. "Quantitative models of Pavlovian conditioning." Brain Research Bulletin 63, no. 3 (April 2004): 173–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.01.005.

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26

SIEGEL, S. "PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING, TOLERANCE, AND ADAPTATION." Behavioural Pharmacology 4, no. 4 (August 1993): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199308000-00019.

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27

Balsam, Peter D., and Michael R. Drew. "Learning theory, feed-forward mechanisms, and the adaptiveness of conditioned responding." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 5 (October 2004): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0424016x.

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The specific mechanisms whereby Pavlovian conditioning leads to adaptive behavior need to be elaborated. There is no evidence that it is via reduction in the “destabilizing effect that time lags have on feedback control” (Domjan et al. 2000, sect. 3.3). The adaptive value of Pavlovian conditioning goes well beyond the regulation of social behavior.

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28

Aguado, Luis. "Neuroscience of Pavlovian Conditioning: A Brief Review." Spanish Journal of Psychology 6, no. 2 (November 2003): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005308.

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Current knowledge on the neuronal substrates of Pavlovian conditioning in animals and man is briefly reviewed. First, work on conditioning in aplysia, that has showed amplified pre-synaptic facilitation as the basic mechanism of associative learning, is summarized. Then, two exemplars of associative learning in vertebrates, fear conditioning in rodents and eyelid conditioning in rabbits, are described and research into its neuronal substrates discussed. Research showing the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning and of the cerebellum in eyelid conditioning is reviewed, both at the circuit and cellular plasticity levels. Special attention is given to the parallelism suggested by this research between the neuronal mechanisms of conditioning and the principles of formal learning theory. Finally, recent evidence showing a similar role of the amygdala and of the cerebellum in human Pavlovian conditioning is discussed.

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29

Matthews, R. Nicolle, Michael Domjan, Mary Ramsey, and David Crews. "Learning Effects on Sperm Competition and Reproductive Fitness." Psychological Science 18, no. 9 (September 2007): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01974.x.

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Learning and other common psychological processes presumably evolved because they contribute to reproductive fitness, but reproductive outcomes are rarely measured in psychology experiments. We examined the effects of Pavlovian conditioning on reproductive fitness in a sperm-competition situation. Typically, two males mating with the same female in immediate succession sire similar numbers of offspring. In a study with domesticated quail (Coturnix japonica), we increased paternity success by presenting a Pavlovian signal that permitted one of two competing males to predict copulatory opportunity. Using microsatellite-based DNA fingerprinting, we found that signaled males sired 72% of the offspring when competing with control males, and this effect was independent of copulation order. In the absence of Pavlovian conditioning, rates of fertilization were not significantly different for two males that copulated with the same female. These findings demonstrate that Pavlovian conditioning contributes to reproductive fitness and suggest that individual past experience can bias genetic transmission and the evolutionary changes that result from sexual competition.

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30

Cardinal, Claudia D., Matthew E. Andrzejewski, and Philip N. Hineline. "Is the avoiding of operant theory a Pavlovian conditioned response?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00252436.

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The proposed heavy dependence on Pavlovian conditioning to account for social behavior confounds phylogenically and ontogenically selected behavior patterns and ignores the extension of the principle of selection by consequences from biological to learning theory. Instead of acknowledging operant relations, Domjan et al. construct vaguely specified mechanisms based upon anticipatory cost-benefit considerations that are not supported by the Pavlovian conditioning literature.

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31

Hollis, Karen L. "Strategies for integrating biological theory, control systems theory, and Pavlovian conditioning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00322439.

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To make possible the integration proposed by Domjan et al., psychologists first need to close the research gap between behavioral ecology and the study of Pavlovian conditioning. I suggest two strategies, namely, to adopt more behavioral ecological approaches to social behavior or to co-opt problems already addressed by behavioral ecologists that are especially well suited to the study of Pavlovian conditioning.

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32

Rowland, William J. "Pavlovian conditioning as a product of selection." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00372430.

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Biologists recognize Pavlovian conditioning as a mechanism by which individuals can adaptively modify their social and nonsocial behavior quickly to relevant features of the natural environment. This commentary supports Domjan et al.'s point that psychologists could gain important insights by broadening the range of species and behaviors they study and by continuing to adopt a functional perspective to investigate Pavlovian conditioning and other forms of learning.

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33

Newman, Bobby, Mairead A. O'Grady, Carolyn S. Ryan, and Nancy S. Hemmes. "Pavlovian Conditioning of the Tickle Response of Human Subjects: Temporal and Delay Conditioning." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 3 (December 1993): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3.779.

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Previous studies of the human response to a tickle have demonstrated that subjects will respond to a gesture that signals the onset of a tickle in the same way as to a tickle. Researchers have described this anticipatory response as an “expectation.” In the current study, we investigated, from the Pavlovian framework, the response to a verbal stimulus preceding the tickle stimulus. We exposed subjects to experimental phases which included the Neutral Stimulus Alone, 100% Pairing of the Neutral and Unconditioned Stimuli (tickle strokes to the foot), Random Presentation, Partial (75%) Reinforcement, and Temporal Conditioning. Pavlovian conditioning was observed in all phases, suggesting a parsimonious explanation for the expectation effect described by others.

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34

McDannald, Michael A. "Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Is More than You Think It Is." Journal of Neuroscience 43, no. 48 (November 29, 2023): 8079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0256-23.2023.

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A common neuroscience application of Pavlovian fear conditioning is to manipulate neuron-type activity, pair a cue with foot shock, then measure cue-elicited freezing in a novel context. If the manipulation reduces freezing, the neuron type is implicated in Pavlovian fear conditioning. This application reduces Pavlovian fear conditioning to a single concept. In this Viewpoint, I describe experiments supporting the view that Pavlovian fear conditioning refers to three distinct concepts: procedure, process, and behavior. An experimenter controls procedure, observes behavior, but infers process. Distinguishing these concepts is essential because: (1) a shock-paired cue can engage numerous processes and behaviors; (2) experimenter decisions about procedure influence the processes engaged and behaviors elicited; and (3) many processes are latent, imbuing the cue with properties that only manifest outside of the original conditioning setting. This means we could understand the complete neural basis of freezing, yet know little about the neural basis of fear. Neuroscientists can choose to use a variety of procedures to study a diversity of processes and behaviors. Manipulating neuron-type activity in multiple procedures can reveal specific, general, or complex neuron-type contributions to cue-elicited processes and behaviors. The results will be a broader and more detailed neural basis of fear with greater relevance to the spectrum of symptoms defining anxiety and stressor-related disorders.

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35

Domjan, Michael, Elisabeth Blesbois, and John Williams. "The Adaptive Significance of Sexual Conditioning: Pavlovian Control of Sperm Release." Psychological Science 9, no. 5 (September 1998): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00077.

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Male quail received Pavlovian conditioning trials that consisted of placement in a distinctive experimental chamber (the conditioned stimulus) paired with the opportunity to copulate with a female (the unconditioned stimulus). For control subjects, exposures to the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli were unpaired. After four and six trials, each subject was placed in the experimental chamber with a probe stimulus that included some of the visual cues of a female's head and neck. Pavlovian conditioning increased how much time subjects spent near the probe stimulus. Conditioned subjects also released greater volumes of semen and greater numbers of spermatozoa than the control subjects. Significant differences were not obtained in serum testosterone levels or in other measures of sperm quality. These results demonstrate that sexual Pavlovian conditioning can affect reflexes involved in sperm release and thereby modulate reproductive fitness.

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36

Hern�ndez, Linda L., and D. A. Powell. "Ethanol enhancement of Pavlovian conditioning: Comparison with instrumental conditioning." Psychopharmacology 88, no. 1 (January 1986): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00310516.

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37

Carey, Robert J., and Ernest N. Damianopoulos. "Serotonin and conditioning: Focus on Pavlovian psychostimulant drug conditioning." Behavioural Brain Research 282 (April 2015): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.038.

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38

Abramson, Charles I., and B. J. Boyd. "An Automated Apparatus for Conditioning Proboscis Extension in Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L." Journal of Entomological Science 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-36.1.78.

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An apparatus is described for the study of classical conditioning of proboscis extension in harnessed honey bees, Apis mellifera L., that permits automatic programming of events and recording of data. The apparatus is easy to use, accommodates a wide range of stimuli and can be used to study both associative and nonassociative learning. The technique was evaluated in a series of experiments in which the performance of bees was compared under automated and traditional methods of conditioning. The results indicated that the automated apparatus can successfully be used to study Pavlovian conditioning, discrimination learning, and habituation. A unique finding was that the odor of honeycomb can serve as an unconditioned stimulus to support Pavlovian conditioning.

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39

Vogel, Edgar H., Fernando P. Ponce, and Allan R. Wagner. "The development and present status of the SOP model of associative learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 2 (May 23, 2018): 346–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818777074.

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The Sometimes Opponent Processes (SOP) model in its original form was especially calculated to address how expected unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS) are rendered less effective than their novel counterparts in Pavlovian conditioning. Its several elaborations embracing the essential notion have extended the scope of the model to integrate a much greater number of phenomena of Pavlovian conditioning. Here, we trace the development of the model and add further thoughts about its extension and refinement.

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40

Siegel, Shepard, and Richard Kreutzer. "Pavlovian Conditioning and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity." Environmental Health Perspectives 105 (March 1997): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3433363.

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41

Vurbic, Drina, and Mark E. Bouton. "Secondary extinction in Pavlovian fear conditioning." Learning & Behavior 39, no. 3 (February 1, 2011): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-011-0017-7.

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42

Timberlake, William. "Behavior systems, associationism, and Pavlovian conditioning." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1, no. 4 (December 1994): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03210945.

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43

Colwill, Ruth M., Kevin Goodrum, and Andre Martin. "Pavlovian appetitive discriminative conditioning inAplysia californica." Animal Learning & Behavior 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03199084.

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44

Harris, Justin A., Angela E. Patterson, and Saba Gharaei. "Pavlovian conditioning and cumulative reinforcement rate." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition 41, no. 2 (2015): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xan0000054.

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45

Yau, Joanna O. Y., and Gavan P. McNally. "Brain mechanisms controlling Pavlovian fear conditioning." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition 44, no. 4 (October 2018): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xan0000181.

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46

Wasserman, E. A. "Pavlovian conditioning: Is temporal contiguity irrelevant?" American Psychologist 44, no. 12 (1989): 1550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.12.1550.b.

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47

Siegel, S., and R. Kreutzer. "Pavlovian conditioning and multiple chemical sensitivity." Environmental Health Perspectives 105, suppl 2 (March 1997): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.97105s2521.

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48

Cai, D. J., T. Shuman, E. M. Harrison, J. R. Sage, and S. G. Anagnostaras. "Sleep deprivation and Pavlovian fear conditioning." Learning & Memory 16, no. 10 (September 30, 2009): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.1515609.

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49

Thomas, Glyn V., Derek Robertson, and David A. Lieberman. "Marking effects in Pavlovian trace conditioning." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 13, no. 2 (1987): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.13.2.126.

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50

Donahoe, John W., and Rocío Vegas. "Pavlovian conditioning: The CS-UR relation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 30, no. 1 (January 2004): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.30.1.17.

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