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Books on the topic 'Pavlovian Conditioning'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Graham, Davey, ed. Cognitive processes and Pavlovian conditioning in humans. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1987.

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2

Rescorla, Robert. Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning (Psychology Revivals). Psychology Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315768380.

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3

Rescorla, Robert A. Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning: Studies in Associative Learning. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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4

Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning: Studies in Associative Learning. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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5

Rescorla, Robert A. Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning: Studies in Associative Learning. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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6

Rescorla, Robert A. Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning: Studies in Associative Learning. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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7

Rescorla, Robert A. Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning: Studies in Associative Learning. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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8

Rescorla, Robert A. Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning: Studies in Associative Learning. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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9

Vlaeyen, Johan W. S. Learning and Conditioning in Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0004.

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This chapter highlights the ways that individuals learn to adapt to changes due to painful experiences. Learning is the observable change in behavior due to events in the internal and external environment, and it includes non-associative (habituation and sensitization) and associative learning (Pavlovian and operant conditioning). Once acquired, new knowledge representations remain stored in memory and may generalize to perceptually or functionally similar events. Moreover, these processes are not just a consequence of pain; they may also modulate the perception of pain. In contrast to the rapid acquisition of learned responses, their extinction is slow, fragile, and context-dependent, and it only occurs through inhibitory processes. The chapter reviews features of associative forms of learning in humans that contribute to pain, pain-related distress, and disability. It concludes with a discussion of promising future directions.

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10

Bauer, Elizabeth P., and Denis Paré. Behavioral Neuroscience of Circuits Involved in Fear Processing. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0002.

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Normal fear regulation includes the ability to learn by experience that some circumstances predict danger. This process, which can be modeled in the laboratory using Pavlovian fear conditioning, appears to be disrupted in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding of the mechanisms underlying fear learning has progressed tremendously in the last 25 years, and constitutes a promising paradigm to study the neural bases of PTSD. This chapter first reviews current knowledge of the brain structures involved in fear learning, expression and extinction, including the contributions of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. It then addresses how these circuits are affected by PTSD and how fear processing is altered in PTSD. Understanding PTSD within a fear-conditioning and extinction framework provides insight into why certain individuals are susceptible to developing PTSD and suggests potential therapies.

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11

Dunsmoor, Joseph E., and Rony Paz. Generalization of Learned Fear. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0004.

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Autonomic hyperarousal and avoidance in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be triggered by a host of stimuli or situations that bear some similarity or association to the trauma event. As these triggers are often encountered in safe environments removed from the original trauma, this overgeneralization of fear and anxiety is a burden that can interfere with daily life. Recent efforts to understand the neurobiology of PTSD have relied on laboratory models of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction. This chapter reviews studies of fear generalization in animals and humans, which provide a valuable model to conceptualize the excessive fear generalization characteristic of PTSD.

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12

Jovanovic, Tanja, and Seth Davin Norrholm. Human Psychophysiology and PTSD. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0015.

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Psychophysiological measures provide useful tools for investigating neurobiological mechanisms of trauma-related sequalae. In addition, they can serve as objective biological assessments of symptom severity in clinical research. This chapter describes the methods for collection of psychophysiological measures. These include muscle contractions (startle), electrodermal skin conductance, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) at baseline, under stress, and following Pavlovian fear conditioning. These approaches are important both for understanding biology as well as for providing objective biomarkers that can be compared translationally from animals to humans. It also reviews the literature that has used these measures in PTSD. The evidence to date strongly suggests that these data provide robust correlates of PTSD severity.

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13

Gallistel, C. Randy. The Neurobiological Bases for the Computational Theory of Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0013.

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The language of thought hypothesis is one of Fodor’s seminal contributions to cognitive science. Prominent among the objections to it has been the argument that there is no neurobiological evidence for materially realized symbols in the brain. If memory is materially realized by enduring alterations in synaptic conductances, then this is true, because the synaptic-conductance hypothesis is simply the ancient associative learning hypothesis couched in neurobiological language. Associations are not symbols and cannot readily be made to function as such, thus neurobiologists are unable to say how simple information—for example, the durations of intervals in simple Pavlovian conditioning paradigms—are stored in altered synaptic conductances. Recent results from several laboratories converge, strongly suggesting that memories do not reside in altered synaptic conductances but rather at the molecular level inside neurons. The chapter reviews the experimental evidence for this revolutionary conclusion, as well as the plausibility arguments for it.

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14

Karpova, Nina N. Pharmacological Adjuncts and Evidence-Supported Treatments for Trauma. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.32.

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A large proportion of humans experienced a traumatic event in their lifetime, with more than 10% developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, phobias, and other fear/anxiety disorders. The neural circuitry of fear responses is highly conserved in humans as well as rodents, and this allows for translational research using animal models of fear. Fear/anxiety disorders in humans are most efficiently treated by exposure-based psychotherapy (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy; CBT), the main aspects of which are closely modeled by extinction training in Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction paradigms in rodents. To improve the efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacological agents potent for enhancing learning and memory consolidation processing should be developed to combine with exposure-based therapy. The purpose of these adjunctive pharmacological agents is to promote fear memory erasure and the consolidation of extinction memories, thus providing a combined treatment of increased effectiveness. This review discusses established pharmacological adjuncts to behavioral therapeutic interventions for fear/anxiety disorders. The mechanisms of action of these adjuncts, as well as the evidence for and against the pharmacological treatment strategies and their limitations are discussed.

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15

Davis, Hank, and Harry M. B. Hurwitz. Operant-Pavlovian Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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16

Operant-Pavlovian Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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17

Davis, Hank, and Harry M. B. Hurwitz. Operant-Pavlovian Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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18

Davis, Hank, and Harry M. B. Hurwitz. Operant-Pavlovian Interactions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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