Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pavlovian

Academic literature on the topic 'Pavlovian'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pavlovian"

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Geurts, Dirk E. M., Quentin J. M. Huys, Hanneke E. M. den Ouden, and Roshan Cools. "Aversive Pavlovian Control of Instrumental Behavior in Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 9 (September 2013): 1428–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00425.

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Adaptive behavior involves interactions between systems regulating Pavlovian and instrumental control of actions. Here, we present the first investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying aversive Pavlovian–instrumental transfer using fMRI in humans. Recent evidence indicates that these Pavlovian influences on instrumental actions are action-specific: Instrumental approach is invigorated by appetitive Pavlovian cues but inhibited by aversive Pavlovian cues. Conversely, instrumental withdrawal is inhibited by appetitive Pavlovian cues but invigorated by aversive Pavlovian cues. We show that BOLD responses in the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens were associated with behavioral inhibition by aversive Pavlovian cues, irrespective of action context. Furthermore, BOLD responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex differed between approach and withdrawal actions. Aversive Pavlovian conditioned stimuli modulated connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the caudate nucleus. These results show that action-specific aversive control of instrumental behavior involves the modulation of fronto-striatal interactions by Pavlovian conditioned stimuli.
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Lariviere, Nancy A., and Norman E. Spear. "Early Pavlovian conditioning impairs later Pavlovian conditioning." Developmental Psychobiology 29, no. 7 (November 1996): 613–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199611)29:7<613::aid-dev5>3.0.co;2-x.

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Brushlinsky, Andrei. "The “Pavlovian” Session of the Two Academies." European Psychologist 2, no. 2 (January 1997): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.2.2.102.

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The “Pavlovian” session of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR ordered by Stalin took place in Moscow in 1950. It marked the beginning of a period of total absolutism in Pavlovian theory in the USSR, an absolutism that was in contradiction to the theory and incompatible with the personal morals of Pavlov himself. For example, Prof. Bykow (the main Soviet physiologist-at least for Stalin) stated: “We have to divide all physiology into two stages-the pre-Pavlovian stage and the Pavlovian one. The history of psychology may be divided in the same way. The pre-Pavlovian psychology is based on idealistic philosophy, while the Pavlovian psychology is materialistic in its core.” In their reports four Soviet psychologists, Professors Teplov, Rubinstein, Kolbanovsky, and Luria, analyzed many aspects of Pavlov's theory which were useful for the development of psychology. This article describes the “Pavlovian” session, and also examines the historical background and repercussions of the event.
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Broer, Dirk J. "Pavlovian Polymers." Matter 2, no. 1 (January 2020): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.12.011.

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Ousdal, O. T., Q. J. Huys, A. M. Milde, A. R. Craven, L. Ersland, T. Endestad, A. Melinder, K. Hugdahl, and R. J. Dolan. "The impact of traumatic stress on Pavlovian biases." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171700174x.

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BackgroundDisturbances in Pavlovian valuation systems are reported to follow traumatic stress exposure. However, motivated decisions are also guided by instrumental mechanisms, but to date the effect of traumatic stress on these instrumental systems remain poorly investigated. Here, we examine whether a single episode of severe traumatic stress influences flexible instrumental decisions through an impact on a Pavlovian system.MethodsTwenty-six survivors of the 2011 Norwegian terror attack and 30 matched control subjects performed an instrumental learning task in which Pavlovian and instrumental associations promoted congruent or conflicting responses. We used reinforcement learning models to infer how traumatic stress affected learning and decision-making. Based on the importance of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) for cognitive control, we also investigated if individual concentrations of Glx (=glutamate + glutamine) in dACC predicted the Pavlovian bias of choice.ResultsSurvivors of traumatic stress expressed a greater Pavlovian interference with instrumental action selection and had significantly lower levels of Glx in the dACC. Across subjects, the degree of Pavlovian interference was negatively associated with dACC Glx concentrations.ConclusionsExperiencing traumatic stress appears to render instrumental decisions less flexible by increasing the susceptibility to Pavlovian influences. An observed association between prefrontal glutamatergic levels and this Pavlovian bias provides novel insight into the neurochemical basis of decision-making, and suggests a mechanism by which traumatic stress can impair flexible instrumental behaviours.
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Domjan, Michael, Brian Cusato, and Ronald Villarreal. "Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms in the control of social behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00002430.

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The conceptual and investigative tools for the analysis of social behavior can be expanded by integrating biological theory, control systems theory, and Pavlovian conditioning. Biological theory has focused on the costs and benefits of social behavior from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. In contrast, control systems theory is concerned with how machines achieve a particular goal or purpose. The accurate operation of a system often requires feed-forward mechanisms that adjust system performance in anticipation of future inputs. Pavlovian conditioning is ideally suited to subserve this function in behavioral systems. Pavlovian mechanisms have been demonstrated in various aspects of sexual behavior, maternal lactation, and infant suckling. Pavlovian conditioning of agonistic behavior has been also reported, and Pavlovian processes may likewise be involved in social play and social grooming. Several further lines of evidence indicate that Pavlovian conditioning can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of social interactions, thereby improving their cost/benefit ratio. We extend Pavlovian concepts beyond the traditional domain of discrete secretory and other physiological reflexes to complex real-world behavioral interactions and apply abstract laboratory analyses of the mechanisms of associative learning to the daily challenges animals face as they interact with one another in their natural environments.
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García, Luciano Nicolás. "Biologizing Psychoanalysis: Konstantin Gavrilov and Freudo–Pavlovism in Argentina (1942–1960)." Psychoanalysis and History 16, no. 2 (July 2014): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2014.0151.

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This paper examines the work of the Russian zoologist Konstantin Gavrilov (1908–82) in Argentina, in the light of a series of authors who tried to find connections between Sigmund Freud's and Ivan Pavlov's ideas. This theoretical effort is designated as Freudo–Pavlovism, and it intended to offer neurophysiological evidence to psychoanalytical thesis in order to build a holistic theory of the psyche. Freudo–Pavlovism is considered a possible extension of Freudian ideas within an evolutionary framework. Gavrilov's ideas on the compatibility of Freudian and Pavlovian theories are analysed, as well as the support given by Argentinian psychoanalysts and the criticism that his work received by communist psychiatrists.
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Peng, Ziwen, Luning He, Rongzhen Wen, Tom Verguts, Carol A. Seger, and Qi Chen. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by decreased Pavlovian influence on instrumental behavior." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): e1009945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009945.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by uncontrollable repetitive actions thought to rely on abnormalities within fundamental instrumental learning systems. We investigated cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying Pavlovian biases on instrumental behavior in both clinical OCD patients and healthy controls using a Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) task. PIT is typically evidenced by increased responding in the presence of a positive (previously rewarded) Pavlovian cue, and reduced responding in the presence of a negative cue. Thirty OCD patients and thirty-one healthy controls completed the Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer test, which included instrumental training, Pavlovian training for positive, negative and neutral cues, and a PIT phase in which participants performed the instrumental task in the presence of the Pavlovian cues. Modified Rescorla-Wagner models were fitted to trial-by-trial data of participants to estimate underlying computational mechanism and quantify individual differences during training and transfer stages. Bayesian hierarchical methods were used to estimate free parameters and compare the models. Behavioral and computational results indicated a weaker Pavlovian influence on instrumental behavior in OCD patients than in HC, especially for negative Pavlovian cues. Our results contrast with the increased PIT effects reported for another set of disorders characterized by compulsivity, substance use disorders, in which PIT is enhanced. A possible reason for the reduced PIT in OCD may be impairment in using the contextual information provided by the cues to appropriately adjust behavior, especially when inhibiting responding when a negative cue is present. This study provides deeper insight into our understanding of deficits in OCD from the perspective of Pavlovian influences on instrumental behavior and may have implications for OCD treatment modalities focused on reducing compulsive behaviors.
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Reese, William G. "Pavlovian Society Awards." Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science 20, no. 4 (October 1985): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03003652.

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Martin, Irene, and A. B. Levey. "Human Pavlovian conditioning." Biological Psychology 27, no. 2 (October 1988): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(88)90053-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pavlovian"

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Stanhope, Kelly Jean. "Reinforcer representations in Pavlovian conditioning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257041.

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Murphy, Robin A. J. "Relative contingency learning in Pavlovian conditioning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0026/NQ50226.pdf.

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Harmer, Catherine Jane. "Environmental manipulations of appetitive Pavlovian conditioning." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265664.

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Dopson, Jemma. "Fate of irrelevant stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54505/.

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This thesis investigated the fate of irrelevant stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning. In Chapter 1, several theories of learning were evaluated with respect to findings related to blocking (Kamin, 1969) and the relative validity effect (Wagner, Logan, Haberlandt & Price 1968). The majority of these theories explain such effects by assuming that little is learned about irrelevant stimuli (e.g. Rescorla & Wagner, 1972 Mackintosh, 1975a Pearce & Hall, 1980). In contrast, the comparator hypothesis (e.g. Miller and Matzel, 1988) makes the assumption that learning about irrelevant stimuli occurs, but is not expressed. The three experiments reported in Chapter 2 tested this assumption using an extended version of the blocking procedure. In each case, an arrangement which, according to the comparator hypothesis, should cause a reversal of blocking failed to produce this result. The findings were, however, consistent with theories which assume that little is learned about irrelevant stimuli. The experiments reported in Chapters 3,4 and 5 were conducted to determine whether little is learned about these stimuli because animals do not attend to them (e.g. Mackintosh, 1975a Pearce & Hall, 1980). Discrimination training designed to measure associability changes was given, using an autoshaping procedure with pigeons, and a Pavlovian conditioning procedure with rats. The results ruled out several non-attentional interpretations, and suggested that an attentional process was involved, which, rather than directing the eyes towards relevant stimuli and away from irrelevant stimuli, operated once all stimuli had been perceived. The results were consistent with the theory of attention proposed by Mackintosh, although it is acknowledged that this theory has its limitations. In the final chapter, two hybrid theories that overcome these limitations were discussed.
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Cohen, Sabrina Rachel. "Understanding the origin of Pavlovian-instrumental interactions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/51263/.

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This thesis investigates interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental processes. The first chapter provides an evaluation of various theoretical analyses of how these two processes might interact in the context of two types of phenomena: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) and the renewal of instrumental responses that have been extinguished. It is argued that the conditions under which both phenomena are observed do not sit readily with the theoretical analyses that have been offered for them. Chapter 2 reports three experiments that examined the conditions under which outcome-selective and general PIT occur in rats. Outcome-selective PIT was not increased by procedures that should increase the distinctiveness of the outcomes; but general PIT was more likely to be observed under conditions in which the distinctiveness of the outcomes should be low (Experiments 1-3). Chapter 3 contrasted the standard stimulus-outcome-response analysis of outcome-selective PIT with a novel theoretical analysis based on mediated stimulus-response associations that directly affect test performance (i.e., without the outcome becoming activated during the test). Experiment 4 demonstrated an outcome-selective PIT effect when the outcome (O) was embedded in the Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (S), and Experiments 5 and 6 showed that outcome-selective PIT was more likely to be observed after backward pairings (i.e., O-S) than after forward pairings (i.e., S-O). These results are consistent with the following analysis: Instrumental training establishes response-outcome and outcome-response associations, and during subsequent backward conditioning the outcome provokes its associated instrumental response during the stimulus and thereby allows a stimulus–response association to be acquired. This stimulus-response association then directly generates outcome-selective PIT at test. Experiment 7 provided direct evidence to support the ix assumptions upon which this analysis relies. These results, together with other paradoxical effects of the Pavlovian relationship, are incongruent with accounts of outcome-selective PIT that rely on a stimulus-outcome-response chain. Chapter 4 explored another instance where Pavlovian stimuli exert a powerful influence on instrumental performance: the case of instrumental renewal. Two fundamental issues were addressed: whether or not direct Pavlovian associations are responsible for the renewal effect, and whether or not renewed responses are controlled by goal-directed processes or stimulus-response associations. In Experiment 8, instrumental renewal was observed without concomitant involvement of any excitatory or inhibitory Pavlovian properties of the contexts involving the outcome; and in Experiment 9, renewed responding was sensitive to the current value of the outcome. Taken together, these results suggest that the extinction context exerts a direct (or hierarchical) inhibitory influence on the instrumental response-outcome association, the removal of which allows the impact of the response-outcome association of performance to be revealed. Chapter 5 explores the broader implications of these results for current theoretical analyses that rely on the idea that Pavlovian and instrumental processes interact through shared access to the features of the outcome.
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Urcelay, Gonzalo Pablo. "Potentiation and overshadowing in Pavlovian fear conditioning." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Overduin, Barend Jan Joost. "Pavlovian conditioning and binge eating some empirical explorations /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6270.

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Swan, J. "The role of predictive accuracy in Pavlovian conditioning." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378415.

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Parkinson, John Anthony. "Limbic cortico-striatal circuitry underlying Pavlovian associative learning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625012.

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Farbstein, Rebecca Ann. "Pavlovian portable art : socio-technical process, aesthetic context." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611263.

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Books on the topic "Pavlovian"

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Davis, Hank, and Harry M. B. Hurwitz. Operant-Pavlovian Interactions. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150404.

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Graham, Davey, ed. Cognitive processes and Pavlovian conditioning in humans. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1987.

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A, Angleitner, Newberry Benjamin H, and Bodunov M. V, eds. The Pavlovian Temperment Survey (PTS): An international handbook. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber, 1999.

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Singh, Mala. Role of pharmacokinetic factors in Pavlovian conditioned tolerance/cross-tolerance to various hypothermic agents. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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1950-, Pavlović Eduard, ed. Pavlovići u Hrvatskoj i Bosni-Hercegovini: Neki od poznaatijih Pavlovića. Zadar: Mjesni odbor Korlat, 1995.

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Places of art, traces of fire: A contextual approach to anthropomorphic figurines in the Pavlovian (Central Europe, 29-24 kyr BP. Leiden: Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden, 2001.

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-, Carnet Nathalie 19, ed. Pavlovas. Paris: Hachette Pratique, 2014.

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Boi͡adzhiev, Pirin. Parteniĭ Pavlovich. Sofii͡a: Izd-vo Nauka i izkustvo, 1988.

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Konstantin Pavlovich. Moskva: Molodai︠a︡ gvardii︠a︡, 2005.

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Boi︠a︡dzhiev, Pirin. Parteniĭ Pavlovich. Sofii︠a︡: Izd-vo Nauka i izkustvo, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pavlovian"

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McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, et al. "Pavlovian Conditioning." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 973–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1431.

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Gottlieb, Daniel A. "Pavlovian Conditioning." In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 2563–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1041.

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Lattal, K. Matthew. "Pavlovian conditioning." In APA handbook of behavior analysis, Vol. 1: Methods and principles., 283–306. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13937-013.

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Domjan, Michael. "Pavlovian Conditioning." In Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions, 1608. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_200120.

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Staddon, J. E. R. "Behavioral Competition in Conditioning Situations: Notes Toward a Theory of Generalization and Inhibition." In Operant-Pavlovian Interactions, 103–31. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150404-5.

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Black, A. H., B. Osborne, and W. C. Ristow. "A Note on the Operant Conditioning of Autonomic Responses." In Operant-Pavlovian Interactions, 27–45. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150404-2.

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Davis, Hank. "Response Characteristics and Control During Lever-Press Escape." In Operant-Pavlovian Interactions, 233–72. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150404-9.

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Garcia, John, Kenneth W. Rusiniak, and Linda P. Brett. "Conditioning Food—Illness Aversions in Wild Animals: Caveant Canonici *." In Operant-Pavlovian Interactions, 273–316. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150404-10.

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Seligman, Martin E. P., and Yitzchak M. Binik. "The Safety Signal Hypothesis." In Operant-Pavlovian Interactions, 165–87. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150404-7.

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Rescorla, Robert A. "Pavolovian Second-Order Conditioning: Some Implications for Instrumental Behavior." In Operant-Pavlovian Interactions, 133–64. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003150404-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pavlovian"

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Carrere, Maxime, and Frederic Alexandre. "Modeling pavlovian conditioning with multiple neuronal populations." In 2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280716.

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Hulea, Mircea, and Alexandru Barleanu. "Electronic neural network for modelling the Pavlovian conditioning." In 2017 21st International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc.2017.8107032.

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Antonietti, Alberto, Claudia Casellato, Egidio D'Angelo, and Alessandra Pedrocchi. "Bioinspired Adaptive Spiking Neural Network to Control NAO Robot in a Pavlovian Conditioning Task." In 2018 7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487202.

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Yao, Lin, Tao Xie, Xiaokang Shu, Xinjun Sheng, Dingguo Zhang, and Xiangyang Zhu. "Long-term paired sensory stimulation training for improved motor imagery BCI performance via pavlovian conditioning theory." In 2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2015.7146567.

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Sommer, C., M. Garbusow, S. Nebe, M. Sebold, S. Kuitunen-Paul, HU Wittchen, M. Smolka, et al. "Dysfunktionales Lernen und Alkoholgebrauchsstörungen: Pavlovian-to-Instrumental-Transfer bei jungen sozialen Trinkern und langjährig alkoholabhängigen Patienten." In Deutscher Suchtkongress 2017. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604544.

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Ball, John M., Ali H. Hummos, and Satish S. Nair. "A Firing-Rate Lateral Amygdala Network Model With Calcium-Dependent Synaptic Learning." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6117.

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Neurons in the nervous system communicate by spiking, which activates synaptic connections via the release of neurotransmitter molecules. Modification of the strength of these synaptic connections, known as plasticity, is a mechanism by which networks of neurons can exhibit learning. Previously, a biophysical model of a rodent lateral amygdala was developed that could learn and store auditory fear and extinction memories following classical Pavlovian fear conditioning [1]. We propose a novel reduced order model that preserves the learning capabilities of the detailed model with considerably fewer computations while providing additional insights into the synaptic learning process. To capture the dynamics of individual cells, we propose enhancements to the Wilson-Cowan firing rate model that permit “full” spike frequency adaptation and a non-zero threshold. To incorporate synaptic learning dynamics, we propose a regression technique to capture the nonlinear relationship between firing rate and synaptic [Ca2+]. The resulting method provides a general technique to develop neuronal networks that employ [Ca2+]-dependent synaptic learning.
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Kouzani, Abbas Z., Scott Adams, Russell Oliver, Yok Yen Nguwi, Bronwyn Hemsley, and Susan Balandin. "3D printing of a pavlova." In TENCON 2016 - 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2016.7848435.

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"To 60thanniversary of Professor Batura Mikhail Pavlovich." In 2010 20th International Crimean Conference "Microwave & Telecommunication Technology" (CriMiCo 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2010.5632381.

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Popov, Vladimir. "Variable world of the nutritionist N. P. Volkov." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-158-169.

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Article is devoted to life and creativity of one of outstanding representatives of a zootechny of the XX-th century — to Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov. Well-educated (the zootechnician, cyberneticist, economist), he is the author of the unique project — variable norms of cattle feeding. It considers concrete conditions of economy, age, productivity, physiological state of animals, conditions of livestock keeping, a season of year, actual availability and quality of forages. After a semi-centennial period a factorial method again has been used by workings out of norms. Volkov’s original views on topical questions of a science and production are stated: about fodder analysis, effective means of grain processing, aminoadducts theory, the advisory help to farms of experimental base of Williams fodder institute, which stuff keeps in mind the creative work of well-known scientist Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov.
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Artyushin, D. V., S. S. Makarova, E. Yu Bogdanova, N. S. Kuklin, G. V. Dolgov, N. A. Petrova, and I. G. Bogacheva. "The founder of Russian obstetric education P.Z. Condoidi." In General question of world science. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gqws-01-2022-03.

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The article presents biographical information about Pavel Zakharovich Condoidi (Panajota Condoidi) (1710 - 1760), a great Russian medical doctor of Greek origin, a court physician under the empress Elizaveta Pavlovna, the founder of the first “midwife schools” - the founder of obstetric education in Russia.
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Reports on the topic "Pavlovian"

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Reinhardt, G. C. An appreciation of a paper by Vladimir Pavlovich Akimov, Senior Scientific Associate at the Institute of US and Canadian Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129328.

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Sarafian, Iliana. Key Considerations: Tackling Structural Discrimination and COVID-19 Vaccine Barriers for Roma Communities in Italy. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.014.

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This brief highlights how structural discrimination and social exclusion shape attitudes to COVID-19 vaccines among Roma communities in Italy, and the role trusted communal and public authorities can play in supporting vaccine uptake and tackling broader exclusions. Contradictions in the Italian state’s response to COVID-19, alongside ongoing forms of exclusion can increase Roma mistrust in state initiatives and prevent vaccine participation. This brief aims to aid and inform local government and public health authorities in Italy that serve populations inclusive of Roma communities. This brief is based on research conducted in-person and remotely from November 2021 to January 2022 with Roma and Sinti communities in Milan, Rome and Catania, Italy, which have distinct historical, linguistic, geographical, religious, and other forms of identification. Similarities in how the different Roma communities experience the COVID-19 pandemic, and in their vaccine decisions were identified. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Iliana Sarafian (LSE) with contributions and reviews from Elizabeth Storer (LSE), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Dr Marco Solimene (University of Iceland) and Dijana Pavlovic (Upre Roma). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). Research was based at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Sarafian, Iliana. Considerazioni chiave: affrontare le discriminazioni strutturali e le barriere al vaccino covid-19 per le comunità rom in italia. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.024.

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Questo rapporto evidenzia come le discriminazioni strutturali e l'esclusione sociale influenzino le percezioni e gli atteggiamenti nei confronti del vaccino per il COVID-19 tra le comunità rom in Italia. Uno degli obiettivi è mettere in luce il ruolo che le autorità pubbliche e le comunità possono svolgere nel sostenere l'adozione del vaccino e nel contrasto ai più ampi processi di esclusione sociale.1 Le risposte contraddittorie che lo Stato italiano ha fornito durante la pandemia di Covid-19, insieme alle forme di esclusione già in atto, hanno comportato un aumento della sfiducia delle comunità rom nei confronti delle iniziative statali, impattando anche sull’adesione alla campagna vaccinale.2 Questo documento si propone di supportare e informare le amministrazioni locali e le istituzioni sanitarie pubbliche coinvolte nell’assistenza e nei processi di inclusione delle comunità rom in Italia. Il presente documento si basa su una ricerca condotta di persona e a distanza dal novembre 2021 al gennaio 2022 in Italia con le comunità rom e sinti di Milano, Roma e Catania. Sebbene queste comunità si caratterizzino per diversità storica e per differenti forme di identità linguistica, geografica, religiosa, sono state individuate delle somiglianze nel modo in cui hanno vissuto la pandemia di COVID-19 e nelle decisioni a proposito del vaccino. Questo documento è stato sviluppato per SSHAP da Iliana Sarafian (LSE) con i contributi e le revisioni di Elizabeth Storer (LSE), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Marco Solimene (University of Iceland), Dijana Pavlovic (Upre Roma) e Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). La ricerca è stata finanziata dalla British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058) e si è svolta presso il Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. La sintesi è di responsabilità di SSHAP.
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