Journal articles on the topic 'Pavements Australia Maintenance and repair'
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1
Ganjave, Shubham, Samarth Chavan, Lalit Chaudhari, Ajay Gaikwad, Rushikesh Avhad, S. E. Shinde, P. H. Chavanke, and P. G. Chavan. "Polymer Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pavements." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42750.
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Abstract: The old method for using the traditional bituminous pavements have to be needs for continuous maintenance and repair work .In India there are several advantages of cement concrete pavements over bituminous pavements because of india has to leading growth country than other. This paper explains on POLYMER FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, which is a recent advanced in the field of reinforced concretepavement in designs. In this project showing that how can Fibers help to improve the ductility performance, pre-crack tensile strength, fatigue strength, impact strength and shrinkage cracks. FRC satisfies two of the much demanded requirements of pavement material in economy and reduced pollution. Fibre reinforcement pavement has to reduce the cost of additional maintenance required on concreted pavement. It is ecofriendly and long life sustainability pavement.
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Ramadhani, Ardhi, Haris Muhammadun, and Wateno Oetomo. "STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF ROAD DAMAGE TO CAPTAIN HARUN TOHIR STREET, GRESIK EAST JAVA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND INFORMATION SYSTEM (IJATEIS) 1, no. 3 (December 8, 2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/ijateis.v1i3.457.
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This study aims to make a study and technical planning of the road following the traffic of heavy vehicle loads through the Harun Tohir road. Road maintenance is an activity to maintain, repair, add or replace existing physical buildings so that their functions can be maintained or enhanced for a longer period. This maintenance guideline is intended to regulate the procedures for carrying out rigid pavement maintenance activities, and maintain stable serviceability conditions, to provide safety and comfort to road users. This guideline for the maintenance of rigid pavements includes descriptions of the types of damage that commonly occur in rigid pavements, their possible causes, follow-up consequences, recommendations for handling, and methods.
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Breitenbücher, Rolf, Christoph Schulte-Schrepping, and Sebastian Kunz. "Bond behaviour of thin concrete overlays for maintenance of concrete pavements." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819908005.
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Concrete pavements are exposed to a number of stresses during their service life, mostly resulting from traffic and climate conditions. In consideration of the continuously rising traffic volume, the durability requirements of concrete pavements become more and more significant. In this context, maintenance and repair become increasingly important. Small-scale repairs like spalling at edges up to the replacement of whole slabs are proven in several cases. In contrast, large-scale maintenance techniques for partial repairs of whole pavement sections are not available, yet. If the upper layer concrete is deteriorated, while the lower layer and the base course are still intact, the whole pavement needs to be replaced, due to a lack of alternatives. Therefore new maintenance techniques like the application of concrete overlays are needed for an economic rehabilitation and the prevention of an unnecessarily long traffic disruption by time-consuming maintenance of complete pavements. The relevant questions how a durable bond between old and new concrete can be ensured and which parameters affect this bond, were investigated in representative studies on large-scale concrete beams with a thin concrete overlay on existing concrete.
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Cho, Nam-Hyun, Hong-Joon Kwon, Young-Chan Suh, and Jangrak Kim. "Development of Korea Airport Pavement Condition Index for Panel Rating." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 8320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168320.
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Airports strive to prevent safety issues, such as foreign object debris (FOD), by pavement management using the pavement condition index (PCI). The index is used in decision-making processes for overall pavement maintenance and repair, such as the prevention of additional damage due to cracks and the like. However, considering the current situation in Korea where mostly mid-sized and large commercial airports exist, problems regarding direct applications of the existing PCI deduct value have been consistently pointed out. In addition, as the relationship between the PCI and whether maintenance and repair are required is unrealistic, there have been difficulties in communication between maintenance and repair staff and decision makers. Therefore, to resolve these problems, this study first analyzed the calculation procedure of the existing PCI and then redefined the main distress type of Korean airport pavements. In addition, a deduct value curve (DVC) in terms of the severity level for six main distress factors of asphalt pavements and eight main distress factors of concrete pavements and a corrected deduct value curve (CDVC) for multiple distresses in terms of the pavement form were developed using panel rating, which is an engineering approach, by forming an airport pavement expert panel. Finally, a Korea airport pavement condition index (KPCI) was proposed using the curves, and the field application results were compared against the existing PCI to examine the adequacy of the KPCI. As a result, the developed criteria showed an overall trend lower than existing PCI. Moreover, it was verified that this trend increases with worsening pavement condition. It appears that a more discriminating evaluation may be possible when determining pavement conditions by PCI results of the developed criteria.
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Khahro, Shabir Hussain, Yasir Javed, and Zubair Ahmed Memon. "Low Cost Road Health Monitoring System: A Case of Flexible Pavements." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 10272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810272.
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A healthy road network plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of any country. Road management authorities struggle with pavement repair approaches and the finances to keep the existing road network to its best functionality. It has been observed that real-time road condition monitoring can drastically reduce road and vehicle maintenance expenses. There are various methods to analyze road health, but most are either expensive, costly, time-consuming, labor-intensive, or imprecise. This study aims to design a low-cost smart road health monitoring system to identify the road section for maintenance. An automized sensor-based system is developed to assist the road sections for repair and rehabilitation. The proposed system is mounted in a vehicle and the data have been collected for a more than 1000 km road network. The data have been processed using SPSS, and it shows that the proposed system is adequate for detecting the road quality. It is concluded that the proposed system can identify the vulnerable sections to add to the pavement maintenance plan. In the future, the created application can be launched as a smart citizen app where each car driver can install this application and can monitor the road quality automatically.
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Yaqoob, Saima, Johan Silfwerbrand, and Larissa Strömberg. "Evaluation of Rapid Repair of Concrete Pavements Using Precast Concrete Technology: A Sustainable and Cost-Effective Solution." Nordic Concrete Research 65, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2021-0018.
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Abstract Concrete and asphalt are the two competitive materials for a highway. In Sweden, the predominant material for the highway system is asphalt. But under certain conditions, concrete pavements are competitive alternatives. For example, concrete pavements are suitable for high-traffic volume roads, roads in tunnels, concentrated loads (e.g., bus stops and industrial pavement). Besides the load-carrying capacity, the concrete pavement has many advantages such as durability (wear resistance), resistance against frost heave, environment (pollution, recycling, and low rolling resistance leading to fuel savings), fire resistance, noise limitations, brightness, evenness and aesthetics. Concrete pavements are long-lasting but need final repair. Single slabs may crack in the jointed concrete pavement due to various structural and non-structural factors. Repair and maintenance operations are, therefore, necessary to increase the service life of the structures. To avoid extended lane closures, prevent traffic congestions, and expedite the pavement construction process, precast concrete technology is a recent innovative construction method that can meet the requirement of rapid construction and rehabilitation of the pavement. This paper evaluates rapid repair techniques of concrete pavement using precast concrete technology by analysing three case studies on jointed precast concrete pavements. The study showed that the required amount of time to re-open the pavement to traffic is dramatically reduced with jointed precast concrete panels.
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Youssef, Medhat Abdelrahman, and Abdelbary Altayb Elbasher. "Optimal Maintenance Works for the Aborshada Road in the Western Region of Libya." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2014-0016.
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Abstract In this research, the condition of a road pavement was investigated for the Aborshada Road in the Gharian region of Libya to determine the optimal maintenance works. Previously, a simple engineering judgment was the only procedure followed by the Gharian municipal engineers for evaluating pavements and prioritizing maintenance. The surface condition of the Aborshada Road pavement was investigated using “the Pavement Condition Index (PCI)” visual technique. The pavement was inspected to survey the different distresses in each sample unit. Ninteen pavement distresses were classified according to the PCI standards (PCI for roads and parking lots became an ASTM standard in 2007 (D6433-07)). It was necessary to know the most common distresses of the Aborshada Road to provide assistance for the decision maker in his evaluation of the pavement and the optimum repair method to be selected. This study reveals the actual performance of the pavements and suggests the research required for dealing with the pavement maintenance problem in Libya, especially in the western region. The best maintenance alternative for Aborshada Road was Case No. 3 (Potholes, Long. & Trans. Cracking and Alligator Crack Maintenance). Also, the most common pavement distresses on the Aborshada Road were Distress Nos. 1, 3, 6, 7, 10 and 13 according to the ASTM - D6433-07 classification
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Keegan, Katherine, Scott D. Murrell, Guy Zummo, and Gonzalo Rada. "Assessment and Rehabilitation of Foreign Object Damage Potential on Airfield Shoulder and Blast Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1915, no. 1 (January 2005): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191500113.
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Foreign object damage (FOD) is a term used by the aviation industry to describe damage caused by any object that can be ingested by an aircraft engine or flight control mechanism. FOD is estimated to cost the global aerospace industry up to $4 billion annually. Deteriorated pavements are one source of FOD and fall into two categories: runway, taxiway, and apron pavements that aircraft traverse and shoulders and other infield pavements that are not traversed but are subjected to jet blast. Widely recognized procedures for the assessment of pavements traveled on by aircraft are well documented. However, procedures for the assessment of FOD potential for shoulder and blast pavements at commercial airports are not widely recognized. In an effort to manage shoulder and blast pavements proactively and eliminate pavement-related FOD incidents, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey undertook to assess the current condition of these pavements, rehabilitate and repair areas with unacceptable FOD potential, and initiate periodic inspections on these pavements to facilitate the implementation of an effective pavement maintenance and rehabilitation program. To achieve this goal, a dual project- and network-level inspection approach was implemented. The project-level objective was to identify immediate repairs needed to address unacceptable FOD potential. The network-level objective was to assess the current condition and initiate a proactive inspection regime to assist in maintaining these pavements. The approaches to assessment and rehabilitation are detailed and steps to implement a pavement management system for these pavements are discussed.
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Li, Luo Ke, Yun Liang Li, Yi Qiu Tan, and Zhong Jun Xue. "Research on Load Transfer Efficiency of GFRP Dowel in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1152.
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In a jointed plain concrete pavements, the dowel bar system are used to provide lateral load transfer across transverse joint. Corrosion of commonly used steel dowel in engineering practice reduces their service life and costs considerable maintenance and repair spending for concrete pavements. The objective of this study focus primarily on the performance of none eroded GFRP dowel on LTE( load transfer efficiency) with the help of a three-dimensional finite-element model. The amount of LTE can be obtained directly from comparing the maximum deflection of the concrete slab and the level tensile stress under the concrete slab. According to the finite element results, the larger-diameter GFRP dowel are found to perform the best in this study.
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Yao, Kai, Fu Hua Wang, Zhong Ming Hou, Xiao Wen Zhao, and Zhan Bin Wen. "Design and Experiment on the Road Pavement for Rush to Repair." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.797.
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For the problems such as layering and splitting of traditional sandwich structure composite, a resin matrix composite with lattice and interface reinforced structure has been designed, The composite material has high specific strength and stiffness. On this basis, a road pavement developed by this composite material used in engineer urgent was designed. The connection between the pavements was designed for quick assembling, which could make the pavement assemble operation was simple, fast and reliable. Experiments and engineer application indicate that the composite pavement has characters of low cost, simple maintenance, corrosion resistant and reusable, which has a great application prospect.
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Ehsani, Rojina, Alireza Miri, and Fariborz M. Tehrani. "A Numerical Simulation of Electrical Resistivity of Fiber-Reinforced Composites, Part 2: Flexible Bituminous Asphalt." Modelling 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/modelling3010012.
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Asphalt concrete pavements are vulnerable to freeze-thaw cycles. Consecutive cracking and penetration of corrosive agents can expedite the degradation of asphalt pavements and result in weight loss and reduced strength. Fiber reinforcement in flexible bituminous asphalt bridge cracks limits the crack width and enhances the toughness of the composite. Furthermore, steel fibers facilitate asphalt heating during maintenance and repair operations. Electrical resistivity is a vital parameter to measure the efficiency of these operations and to identify the state of degradation in fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete. The significant difference between conductivities of steel fibers and bituminous matrix warrants in-depth investigations of the influence of fiber reinforcement on the measured surface electrical resistivity of placed pavements. Numerical simulations endeavor to predict the resistivity and associated deviations due to randomly distributed fiber reinforcement. Results and discussions reveal the sources and magnitudes of fiber geometry and content adjustments. Outcomes investigate associated errors for practical applications.
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Liu, Juanya, Dan G. Zollinger, Shiraz D. Tayabji, and Kurt D. Smith. "Application of Reliability Concept in Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation Decision Making." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1905, no. 1 (January 2005): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190500103.
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The application of reliability analysis during pavement design is essential to an understanding of the effects of variability on the quality of pavements so that those pavements can provide safe and comfortable service to the public. As well as being durable in service, these pavements must have minimum life-cycle costs (LCCs). Strategic analysis of pavement evaluation and repair (SAPER) software (Version 2.0) is an analysis tool developed on behalf of FHWA to assist with the evaluation and selection of appropriate strategies for the maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction (MRR) of concrete pavements at the project level, where design reliability is incorporated through a decision-making process (DMP). This paper describes the current practice for including reliability concepts in the SAPER software. It addresses the reliability approach used in a DMP and for prediction of pavement life extension for various distress models and the associated LCCs that incorporate reliability analysis for candidate MRR strategies. It shows that the reliability approach used in a DMP provides a simple, practical, and precise way to take into account the various factors that control pavement performance. The results for typical examples of pavement strategy selection approaches with various reliability parameters indicate that these parameters play an important role and must be considered through MRR strategy selection.
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Burke, Martin P. "Pavement Pressure Generation: Neglected Aspect of Jointed Pavement Behavior." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1627, no. 1 (January 1998): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1627-04.
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A number of recent rigid pavement research reports and papers and new pavement research projects either ignore effects of contraction joint behavior on the generation of pavement pressure or recommend the retention of high pavement pressures to protect contraction joints. In either case, research methods appear to be inappropriate, and conclusions suspect or counterproductive. It also appears that some researchers have completely lost sight of one of the primary reasons for sealing and resealing contraction joints in the first place. In addition, these reports either ignore entirely or significantly underestimate the effects that generating pavement pressure can have on the integrity of bridges that abut such pavements. Consequently, pavement maintenance engineers who uncritically implement the recommendations given in some of these reports and papers may, during the extreme heat of some distant summer, find themselves dismayed by structures (pavements and bridges) subject to destructive pressures and stresses, widespread structural damage, massive repair costs, restrictive traffic flow at structure repair sites, vehicular accidents, and the personal injuries that usually accompany such restrictions. Based on a brief introductory description of the pavement pressure generation phenomenon, a critique of some of the statements and recommendations given in these reports is provided. Recommendations for basic replicable research to clarify this phenomenon, and for subsequently qualifying future pavement joint research with respect to the effect of design, maintenance, and environmental factors on pavement pressure levels, are also provided. Ultimately, such pressure-generation-focused research will give less subjective and more reliable direction for achieving cost-effective structural designs, more durable structures, more effective maintenance practices, and a safer, more dependable highway environment.
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Vyacheslav Savenko, Sergii Illiash, and Tetiana Stasiuk. "FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE APPLICABILITY OF APPLYING THE HOT RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY FOR REPAIR OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS." World Science 1, no. 5(57) (May 31, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31052020/7070.
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The main technological solutions for the current repair of non-rigid pavement in Ukraine are identified. The cost assessment of repair technologies was carried out depending on the cost of arrangement of the pavement and its maintenance. The technical and economic comparison of traditional technologies of current repair of asphalt concrete pavement and technologies of hot regeneration of asphalt concrete is carried out. An expert method and a method of comparison were used in the research. To calculate the comparative economic efficiency, the indicator of reduced costs was taken into account with the risk-free discount rate. Estimate calculations were performed using the software CMETA_8_Online. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it is established when comparing only the cost of repairs, the most cost-effective methods of renovating the riding qualities of roads are surface treatment and hot recycling technology by the Reshape method. Technologies of hot regeneration of asphalt concrete and arrangement of wear layers from cast emulsion and mineral mixes are cost-effective when carrying out the comparison for interrepair (5 years for current average repair) period.
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Orlowsky, Jeanette, Markus Beßling, and Vitalii Kryzhanovskyi. "Prospects for the Use of Textile-Reinforced Concrete in Buildings and Structures Maintenance." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010189.
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This paper discusses the state of the art in research on the use of textile-reinforced concretes in structural maintenance. Textile-reinforced concretes can be used in structural maintenance for various purposes, including the sealing and protection of the existing building structures, as well as for the strengthening of structures. The first-mentioned aspects are explained in this paper on the basis of example applications. A special focus is placed on the maintenance of heritage-protected structures. The development, characterization, and testing of a textile-reinforced concrete system for a heritage-protected structure are presented. Examples of the application of textile-reinforced concrete for strengthening highway pavements and masonry are also given. In particular, the possibility of adapting the textile-reinforced concrete repair material to the needs of the individual building is one advantage of this composite material.
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Cheaitani, Atef, and Samir Cheytani. "New developments for corrosion protection of concrete structures in Australia." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928903003.
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The corrosion protection, repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures located along the coast of Australia has been a challenging task for engineers and asset owners over the past thirty years. Most of these structures are bridges and wharves which are situated in marine environments and are subject to tidal exposure. These environmental conditions create challenges in planning repair work, especially if electrochemical systems such as cathodic protection are installed for corrosion protection of these assets. While impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) is a proven technology which can provide long-term corrosion prevention solutions for marine structures, this technology has been viewed by many asset owners as overly complex and expensive. There is the perception that ICCP systems require costly permanent monitoring programs and have high maintenance costs. These perceptions have been supported by the frequent failure of power supply units, and in some cases, widespread defects associated with ICCP systems such as grout acidification in concrete elements situated in tidal zones. The perception about the complexity of ICCP technology has led to the selection of less effective galvanic-based systems for the protection of assets, and systems which require no monitoring and have low maintenance requirements. This paper will present information on the new developments which have emerged from long-term experience and research work related to the simplification in the design, installation and improved monitoring of ICCP systems.
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Vyas, Vidhi, Ajit Pratap Singh, and Anshuman Srivastava. "Quantification of airfield pavement condition using soft-computing technique." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 6 (October 7, 2020): 877–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2020-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is the development of an objective approach to prioritize and rank airfield pavement sections based on their condition and justify their funding requirements using a soft-computing technique. Design/methodology/approach The airfield pavement condition is evaluated by collecting data through field tests and visual surveys. The performance indicators are selected as deflection, structural index, subgrade modulus and pavement condition index, by taking the help of field experts. The condition of pavement sections is analyzed by obtaining scores for each sections using Buckley’s fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The sections are finally ranked for performing their maintenance and repair activities. Findings The condition of pavements is represented using a single score that takes an account of cumulative impact of various parameters as well as any subjectivity associated with human perceptions. Practical implications The developed methodology is very useful for its practical implications, and it is explained using a case study of an international airport. Originality/value Decision-making for maintenance and repair practices is often based on subjective decisions and lacks a robust and judicious approach. Thus, obtaining sufficient budget for repair and maintenance becomes one of the primary challenges. This study adds a value to prevailing practices by developing an objective decision-making methodology. Additionally, the use of non-destructive testing techniques, which pose little or no necessity to destructive coring and boring, eases this task.
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Lukashevich, O. D., and V. N. Lukashevich. "IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION AND ROAD SERVICE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-5-200-210.
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The paper considers the road transportation sector in the context of the negative impacts of the global economic and financial crises on the environment. The ecology-oriented development of the road construction, road repair and maintenance are described herein. The promising research and innovation development in Siberia includes the ways to increase the stability of asphalt concrete pavements, studying the possibilities of waste utilization produced by the local industrial enterprises (for example, stillage residues of the chemical industry) for the road asphalt modification; replacement of rock materials used in the upper and lower layers of the pavement coatings by by-passed stone, utilization of plastics scrap and rubber in polymer modification.
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Romero-Chambi, Eduardo, Simón Villarroel-Quezada, Edison Atencio, and Felipe Muñoz-La Rivera. "Analysis of Optimal Flight Parameters of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Detecting Potholes in Pavements." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 4157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124157.
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Pavement maintenance seeks to provide optimal service conditions. Before maintenance, it is necessary to know the condition of the pavement by inspection, a crucial step in deciding on the repair to be carried out. In this sense, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) seem to be an economic substitute compared to the ground laser scanner for pavement inspection tasks. This research seeks to develop a method to measure potholes using 3D models generated with photographs acquired by a UAV and process them using a software based on the Structure from Motion-MultiView Stereo (SfM–MVS) technique. The contribution of this document is the proposal of recommendations for the acquisition of photographs for the realization of the models. To develop these recommendations, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the accuracy in the reconstruction of 3D models using images obtained from the variation and combination of flight planning parameters and data capture. Then, to validate these recommendations, a bumpy section of pavement was modeled using the SfM–MVS method. The results show that for heights of 10 and 15 m the use of this methodology is applicable for the measurement of the width and depth of potholes.
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Mustonen, Jyri, Janne Lintilä, and Tauno Mäkiö. "Turning Deteriorated Paved Roads Back into Gravel Roads: Sheer Lunacy or Sustainable Maintenance Policy?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-15.
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In the late 1980s, many Finnish low-volume gravel roads were paved. This option was reasonable at that time because the price of bitumen was exceptionally low. No heavy structural rehabilitation was carried out on these roads before paving. It was assumed that these cheap and light pavements would last some 5 years. Now many of those roads have reached 10 to 15 years in age, still without any proper reconstruction, and are becoming increasingly deteriorated. For almost a decade now, the Finnish government has been reducing its spending on public roads. Maintenance and repair efforts have been concentrated on the main road network, and the minor network has deteriorated more and more. Calculations show that from the road agency’s point of view, upkeep of gravel roads is economically feasible compared with maintaining paved roads that are in poor condition. Therefore, road authorities have converted some of these paved low-volume roads back to gravel roads. In 2001, the Häme, Turku, and Uusimaa road districts agreed on common principles for these actions. Furthermore, they described minimum requirements for each case in which a paved road in poor condition was turned into a gravel road. Public opposition and political resistance were quite strong before these actions, since the gravel roads are seen as a decline of service level. People living along the road, however, generally admit that new gravel roads are more comfortable to drive on throughout the year than old deteriorated pavements. The road agency still has to focus on problems such as dust.
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Blab, Ronald. "Performance-Based Asphalt Mix and Pavement Design." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjti-2015-0009.
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Abstract Prediction and optimization of in-service performance of road pavements during their live time is one of the main objectives of pavement research these days. For flexible pavements the key performance characteristics are fatigue and low-temperature, as well as permanent deformation behavior at elevated temperatures. The problem facing pavement designers is the need to fully characterize the complex thermo-rheological properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) over a wide temperature range on the one hand, while on the other also providing a realistic simulation of the traffic- and climate-induced stresses to which pavements are exposed over their design lives of 20 to 30 years. Where heavily trafficked roads are concerned, there is therefore an urgent need for more comprehensive test methods combined with better numerical forecast procedures to improve the economics and extend the service lives of flexible pavements under repair and maintenance programs. This papers therefore focus on performance-based test methods on the basis of existing European standards that address effective mechanical characteristics of bituminous materials and which may be introduced into national requirements within the framework of European HMA specifications. These test methods comprise low temperature tests, i.e. the tensile stress restrained specimen test or the uniaxial tensile strength test, stiffness and fatigue tests, i.e. the four point bending beam test or the uniaxial tension compression test, as well as methods to determine permanent deformation behavior by means of dynamic triaxial tests. These tests are used for the performance-based mix design and subsequently implemented in numerical pavement models for a reliable prediction of in-service performance, which, in combination with performance-based tests, enables a simulation of load-induced stresses and mechanogenic effects on the road structure and thus improved forecasts of the in-service performance of flexible pavements over their entire service lives.
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Gurule, Abhijeet, Tejas Ahire, Akshay Ghodke, N. P. Mujumdar, and G. D. Ahire. "Investigation on Causes of Pavement Failure and Its Remedial Measures." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2786–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42934.
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Abstract: Pavement failure is defined in terms of decreasing serviceability caused by the development of cracks and ruts. Before going into the maintenance strategies, we must look into the causes of failure of bituminous pavements. Failures of bituminous pavements are caused due to many reasons or combination of reasons. Application of correction in the existing surface will enhance the life of maintenance works as well as that of strengthening layer. It has been seen that only 3 parameters i.e., unevenness index, pavement cracking and rutting are considered while other distresses have been omitted while going for maintenance operations. Along with the maintenance techniques there are various methods for pavement preservation which will help in enhancing the life of pavement and delaying of its failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible causes of pavement distresses, and to recommend remedies to minimize distress of the pavement. The report describes lessons learnt from pavement failures and problems experienced during the last few years on a number of projects in India. Based on the past experience’s various pavement preservation techniques and measures are also discussed which will be helpful in increasing the serviceable life of pavement. A comprehensive literature concerning the factors of road deterioration, common road defects and their causes were reviewed. The investigation involved field survey and laboratory testing on those projects to examine the existing pavement conditions. The results revealed that the roads investigated experienced severe failures in the forms of cracks, potholes and rutting in the wheel path. The causes of those failures were found mainly linked to poor drainage, traffic overloading, expansive subgrade soils and the use of low-quality materials in construction. Based on the results, recommendations were provided to help highway engineers in selecting the most effective repair techniques for specific kinds of distresses.
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Divandary, Hasan, and Yaser Bashkoul. "Evaluate the use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in the Construction of Roller Compacted Concret Pavement (RCC)." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 5 (June 3, 2018): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309164.
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One of the issues and problems of today's world is the massive amount of debris and trashes, especially asphalts resulting from the removal of worn-out pavements of urban roads. Recycled asphalt crumbs (RAP) are waste materials that certainly have significant undesirable effects on the surrounding environment. Given the properties reported by these materials, there are various ways to reuse these materials. One of the applications that has been considered by researchers is the use of these materials in cement mixtures, including concrete production. This is while a large amount of asphalt fragment is continuously produced in the repair and maintenance of roads. It is therefore desirable to be used in conventional mixtures used in construction of road pavements. In this regard, the present study investigates the use of recyclable asphalt materials in pavement roller shuttle (RCC) with the aim of reducing waste and its negative impacts on the environment. By examining the documentation and performing numerous experiments, it has been found that roller concrete made from recycled asphalt can be used as a suitable pavement for low traffic and rural roads, as well as for the final covering of a wide range of sidewalks.
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Chen, Qiqi, Guanhu Wang, Xuelin Huang, Guanpeng Wang, and Ke Li. "Evaluation and Formulation of Assessment Criteria for Dominant Distresses in Preventive Maintenance of Cement Concrete Pavements." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (December 9, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8645213.
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Different types of distresses affect cement concrete pavement at different degrees. The determination of dominant distresses of the pavement preventive maintenance (PM) and its judgement standard can provide corresponding basis for PM decision. In this paper, 22 military airports in Northeast China, such as Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, and Liaoning Province, were selected to collect the data of pavement distresses. Based on the structural equation model (SEM), the structural relationship between the influencing factors of each distress and the pavement damage was established, and the goodness-of-fit of the model was tested. In addition, through path analysis, the influence degree of five kinds of latent variables such as joint distress, surface distress, vertical distress, repair distress, and fracture distress on pavement damage was obtained. Four distresses, such as corner peeling, surface peeling, surface crack, and interplate slip, were identified as the dominant distresses of PM of cement concrete pavement. On this basis, a binary classification model of confusion matrix was constructed. The basic evaluation index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) curve were used to comprehensively determine the judgement standard of the dominant distresses of pavement PM from multiple evaluation angles (corner peeling rate ≤ 35%, surface peeling rate ≤ 30%, surface crack rate ≤ 8%, and interplate slip rate ≤ 0.5%). The judgement standard can be combined with the corresponding prediction model to determine the optimal timing of PM of cement concrete pavement and provide pavement maintenance managers with the support of decision-making.
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S.Y., Wee, R. A. @. R. B. Chan, and Teo H.W. "Potential Modeling Of Pavement Deterioration Rate Due To Cracking." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.62.2009.
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Bitumen pavements tend to crack at some point of their life under the combined action of traffic and the environment. These cracks are defects in the pavement surfacing which weakens the pavement and allows water to penetrate and cause further weakening. Once initiated, cracking usually increases in extent, severity and intensity, leading eventually to pavement failure. Cracking has therefore been an important indicator for road pavement maintenance. In view of the extensive road network in Malaysia covering more than 80,000 kilometers in total, the government has to spend huge sums of money on the repair of cracks under its annual road maintenance program. However, the resurfacing works have not always been successful and cracks tend to reappear after some time. The accurate prediction of crack occurrence and the effectiveness of resurfacing works to control cracks are key factors in predicting the timing and costs of road maintenance. In view of this, it is imperative that a suitable model for the prediction of crack development be derived. This model will then be able to predict the deterioration rate of pavement cracking in the future. It in turn will enable effective road rehabilitation programs be implemented in time before cracking deteriorates and leads to eventual pavement failure.
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KAVUSSI, Amir, Mojtaba ABBASGHORBANI, Fereidoon MOGHADAS NEJAD, and Armin BAMDAD ZIKSARI. "A new method to determine maintenance and repair activities at network-level pavement management using falling weight deflectometer." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 3 (March 2, 2017): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1073173.
Full textAbstract:
Pavement condition assessment at network level requires structural evaluation that can be achieved using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). Upon analysing FWD data, appropriate maintenance and repair methods (preservation, rehabilitation or reconstruction) could be assigned to various pavement sections. In this study, Structural Condition Index (SCI), defined as the ratio of Effective Structural Number (SNeff) to Required Structural Number (SNreq), was used to determine if a pavement requires preservation or rehabilitation works (i.e. preservation SCI > 1, rehabilitation SCI < 1). In addition to FWD deflection data, SCI calculation requires pavement layer thicknesses that is obtained using GPR with elaborated and time consuming works. In order to reduce field data collection and analysis time at network-level pavement management, SCI values were calculated without having knowledge of pavement layer thicknesses. Two regression models were developed based on several thousand FWD deflection data to calculate SNeff of pavements and resilient modulus (MR) of their subgrades. Subgrades MR values together with traffic data were then used to calculate SNreq. Statistical analysis of deflection data indicated that Area under Pavement Profile (AUPP) and the deflection at distance of 60 cm from load center (D60) parameters showed to have strong correlation with SNeff and MR respectively. The determination coefficients of the two developed models were greater than those of previous models reported in the literature. The significant result of this study was to calculate SNeff and MR using the same deflection data. Finally, implementation of the developed method was described in determining appropriate Maintenance and Repair (M&R) method at network level pavement management system.
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Solla, Mercedes, Vega Pérez-Gracia, and Simona Fontul. "A Review of GPR Application on Transport Infrastructures: Troubleshooting and Best Practices." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040672.
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The non-destructive testing and diagnosis of transport infrastructures is essential because of the need to protect these facilities for mobility, and for economic and social development. The effective and timely assessment of structural health conditions becomes crucial in order to assure the safety of the transportation system and time saver protocols, as well as to reduce excessive repair and maintenance costs. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most recommended non-destructive methods for routine subsurface inspections. This paper focuses on the on-site use of GPR applied to transport infrastructures, namely pavements, railways, retaining walls, bridges and tunnels. The methodologies, advantages and disadvantages, along with up-to-date research results on GPR in infrastructure inspection are presented herein. Hence, through the review of the published literature, the potential of using GPR is demonstrated, while the main limitations of the method are discussed and some practical recommendations are made.
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Nejati, Amin, Mehdi Ravanshadnia, and Ehsan Sadeh. "Selecting an Appropriate Express Railway Pavement System Using VIKOR Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 5 (June 3, 2018): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309160.
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A gigantic evolution has been brought about in the railway transportation by the emergence of the expressways as the most efficient method of carrying passengers within short and medium interurban distances. Various types of expressway pavements have been offered during the recent years. A considerable amount of the repair and maintenance costs in railroad sector is allocated to the constituents forming the pavements. No thorough and precise research has been so far conducted on the railroad expressways featuring traffics with speeds over 250 km/h and the extant information have merely been trivial changes in the procedures existent for speeds below 200 km/h and these are not deemed of much use and applicability. Thus, the current research paper is devoted to the investigation and selection of express railways pavement system design using VIKOR method. The evaluations indicate that the commencement of the first high-speed train work in 1964 in Japan marked a turning point in the railroad passenger transportation in the world. The development of the high-speed railway transportation is enumerated as an important revolution helping the railroads retake their crucial role in passenger transportation in such a way that it is found overtaking the roadway and aerial transportation and even exposing some airlines to real crisis. The high-speed railroad is undergoing an intensive expansion worldwide and as a safe, sound and sustainable transportation system, it has well proved its role in the social and economic development of the nations.
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Pilanawithana, N., Y. Feng, K. London, and P. Zhang. "The Relationship between Mindfulness and Safety Performance of Building Repair and Maintenance: An Empirical Study in Australia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042026.
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Abstract The importance of building repair and maintenance (R&M) has become more significant in recent years as the volume of building stock has expanded globally. With this growth in building stock coupled with R&M complexity unforeseen safety risks has become an increasing problem to solve. In such complex working environment a type of organisation known as high reliability organisation (HRO) is known to operate successfully. The concept of mindfulness from HRO theory has been identified as a key strategy for addressing unforeseen risks derived from the complexity in socio-technical systems. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between mindfulness and safety performance of building R&M companies. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on HROs and the concept of mindfulness to develop the research hypothesis. A questionnaire survey was utilised to collect the data from Australian building R&M professionals. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between mindfulness and safety performance. This study found that mindfulness has a significant impact on accident prevention in building R&M companies through discovering and managing the unexpected events owing to the complexity. The findings have implications for organisations in the way they train and implement professional development programs for their staff.
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Gulisano, Federico, João Crucho, Juan Gallego, and Luis Picado-Santos. "Microwave Healing Performance of Asphalt Mixture Containing Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag and Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041428.
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Pavement preventive maintenance is an important tool for extending the service life of the road pavements. Microwave heating seems to be a promising technology for this application, as bituminous materials have the potential to self-repair above a certain temperature. As ordinary asphalt mixture has low microwave absorbing properties, some additives should be used to improve the heating efficiency. In this paper, the effect of adding Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag and Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the microwave heating and healing efficiency of asphalt mixtures was evaluated. Microwave heating efficiency was assessed by heating the specimens using several heating times. In addition, the electrical resistivity of the mixtures was measured to understand its possible relationship with the microwave heating process. Furthermore, the healing rates of the asphalt mixtures were assessed by repeated Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests. The results obtained indicate that the additions of graphene and EAF slag can allow important savings, up to 50%, on the energy required to perform a good healing process.
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Solonenko, Iryna. "The use of cement concrete pavements for roads, depending on climatic conditions." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20190518181647.
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The development of road network infrastructure is an important component of the economic development of the European Union. Updating of the road network contributes to the integration of the economies of countries into a coherent whole. The road network provides the free movement of citizens, the movement of goods and the effective implementation of various services. The increase in the length of the road network leads to an increase in the financial and material costs necessary to ensure its maintenance and repair. One of the ways to reduce costs is by strengthening the physic-mechanical and operational characteristics of the pavement due to the widespread use of cement concrete. The quality of the pavement of cement concrete depends largely on the rational selection of its composition. This allows a significant increase in the durability of road pavement. The purpose of the research was: the development of recommendations for the rational selection of the composition of the road pavement material of cement concrete, aimed at upgrading longevity, and taking into account its frost resistance grade. According to the goal, the following tasks were developed: the analyses of the climatic zones in which the road network of the European Union is located; the development of a research plan, a selection of the response function and influence factors; the study of physico-mechanical and operational characteristics of the researched material of road pavement; on the basis of the obtained data, the calculation of the complex of experimental-statistical models, which describe the physico-mechanical and operational characteristics of the road pavement material; on the basis of experimental statistical models, a method was proposed for selecting the rational compositions of the cement concrete pavement road material depending on the conditions of its application. The results presented in the article can be used in engineering and scientific practice for the selection of road pavement from cement concrete for highways.
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Zhang, Guohong, Haonan Wu, Ping Li, Jianhui Qiu, and Tengfei Nian. "Pavement Properties and Predictive Durability Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040803.
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The actual lifetimes of many highways are lower than that expected based on the initial pavement design, which brings increasingly prohibitive costs of pavement maintenance and repair. Although many works have been done, the real service lifetimes are still disappointing, and the researchers are also trying their best to increase the projects’ life span. In this study, to comprehensively predict the durability and lifetime of newly designed asphalt mixture structures, an asphalt pavement project consisting of three hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were evaluated. The mixtures were constructed in the pavement project of the Weiwu expressway in Gansu Province. Pavement properties of the asphalt mixtures, rutting and temperature fatigue factors of the dynamic modulus are discussed. The fatigue resistance is supposed to improve on increasing the vehicles’ speed below the freezing point, which may be more suitable for applications in expressways. Meanwhile, the lifetime is measured according to the number of fatigue axle loads calculated, which were corrected between the specimens in the lab and the field core samples. Durability analysis prediction can be obtained based on the fatigue lifetime predictive model accordingly, which can provide more information about the fatigue lifetime and the rehabilitation planning of existing pavements in the future accordingly.
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Rahman, K., and T. Weber. "Sustainable urban development in Brisbane City - the Holy Grail?" Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0673.
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Impacts from urban stormwater runoff on receiving environments have been well documented, particularly through specific regional scientific studies. Using various local government planning and management elements, urban developments in Brisbane City are now able to address stormwater management in an increasingly holistic context. One key initiative includes facilitating Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) components within an Integrated Water Management Strategy that looks at policy formation, planning strategies, design option, community marketing and acceptance, maintenance programs and finally evaluation of various WSUD approaches. These can include the use of Natural Channel Designs, grassed swales, bio-filtration systems, porous pavements and roofwater tanks in several economic combinations. By linking with the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology, Brisbane City Council has influenced the design of WSUD planning tools and benefited the city with academic inputs into extensive evaluation programs. As well, it has also contributed to the Cooperative Research Centre's research outcomes. These evaluation programs are increasingly providing better understanding of various stormwater quality best management practices throughout Australia. As part of the overall implementation process, active involvement by a range of stakeholders has been crucial. These stakeholders have included internal planning, development assessment and design staff, external consultants, developers, and other local and state government agencies. The latter two groups are assisting in the important task of “regionalisation” of Brisbane City Council's policies and guidelines. Implementation of WSUD initiatives and stormwater re-use strategies under Council's new “Integrated Water Management” agenda are showing some excellent results, suggesting that sustainable urban development is no longer like the search for the Holy Grail.
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Gillon, Charles, and Leah Gibbs. "Coastal homemaking: Navigating housing ideals, home realities, and more-than-human processes." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 37, no. 1 (November 5, 2018): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818811140.
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As urban populations expand, high natural amenity locales—forests, bushland, and coasts—are being transformed into highly desired, lucrative locations for new housing. This paper examines what it means to live in such an environment, tallying between the realised dream of that lifestyle and the everyday challenges (financial and labour) of navigating the elements at home. To do so, we bring two conceptual approaches into conversation: cultural geographies of home and homemaking, recognising home as a more-than-human process; and architecturally inflected geographies of buildings, attendant to building materials and socio-technical practices of maintenance and repair. Drawing on semi-structured walking interviews with 24 residents of a new coastal housing development in southern Sydney, Australia, the paper examines how coastal conditions and elements accelerate material decay, inciting and directing everyday homemaking practices: both proactive, in material selection, and reactive, in cleaning, repairing, maintaining, and replacing. We conclude by considering the differing economic rationalities of navigating the elements, and subsequent implications for household sustainability.
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Savage, Gary, Lai Hua Wang, and Thang Nguyen. "Technologies to Improve Productivity and Reduce Tooling Costs in High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC)." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.112.
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Globalisation of supply chains for the automotive industry has made it increasingly difficult for developed economies to compete on price alone. In Australia, Nissan Casting has adopted technologies to reduce tooling costs and improve productivity of the die casting machines which use vacuum. Nissan Casting was experiencing cracking of their dies which extended into cooling lines, causing porosity outbreaks and shortened die life. CAST developed a repair technology called CASTrepair™ which is a relatively quick, simple and inexpensive repair technique for cracked cooling lines in HPDC dies. Also Nissan Casting is an extensive user of vacuum and a major issue was identified as unscheduled machine stoppages caused by aluminium blockages in the vacuum valves. The valves were of the mechanical shut off type and when they failed to shut off quickly enough aluminium entered the valve which then had to be changed. CAST developed CASTvac™ which is essentially a three dimensional chill vent with no moving parts required as a means to stop the aluminium entering the vacuum system. CASTvac™ has proven to be very reliable in production and has significantly reduced downtimes and toolroom maintenance at Nissan Casting. These two technologies, CASTrepair™ and CASTvac™, will be explained in detail with the latest developments in the technologies and associated benefits of their adoption.
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Bhatt, A., S. Bharadwaj, V. B. Sharma, R. Dubey, and S. Biswas. "AN OVERVIEW OF ROAD HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FOR RIGID PAVEMENT BY TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2022 (May 30, 2022): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2022-173-2022.
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Abstract. Structural health monitoring (SHM) applications for roads should be created in order to save finances, protect public safety, and provide long-lasting road infrastructure. The terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) will be employed in this project for collecting data, used for monitoring purposes. LiDAR camera mounted on moving vehicle generating 3D point cloud is used for monitoring purpose. Poorly maintained roads result in lower productivity, higher fuel consumption, increased mechanical wear, hazardous operating conditions, driver discomfort, and higher rolling resistances. Road management agencies suffer with pavement repair methods and the finances to keep the existing road networks in good working order. The goal of this research work is to create a low-cost smart road health monitoring system that uses camera-based monitoring and smart phone sensors to identify the road section for maintenance. We have discovered that using accelerometers for pothole detection is ideal for this application. The road patches or pot holes for 2 km area of the RGIPT campus using accelerometer is being done. The smart phone will upload the position and any kind of undulated road surface to the cloud when the vehicle passes over it. Use of accelerometer may detect internal damage of the pavements before it appears on the top surface of the road. When other vehicles move towards an irregular road surface, the cloud will issue an undulated road surface reminder to make sure that the vehicle may safely and smoothly drive through the area. The system is simply dependent on a single phone setting and uses raw accelerometer measurements, which can record irregular driving or quick brakes. The data in this system are collected from the mobile phone and sensor for monitoring and forecasting of road surface. So, every pavement defect has different classification and treatment approach, as well as severity levels.
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Sirigireddy, Pravallika, and Paul Braineard Eladi. "Design of novel piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing the force generated from human walking." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 035019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac4e52.
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Abstract A novel piezoelectric energy harvester (z-PEH) to harness a significant amount of waste energy from human walking is proposed in the present work. The unique feature of the z-PEH is that a greater number of piezoelectric discs are planted in the z-direction without consuming a wide area of the pavement or road surface, hence termed z-PEH. This enables minimum damage to the existing pavements or roads during installation, maintenance and repair works. The power generating piezoelectric bimorphs are glued to aluminum plates attached to the hollow steel structure which is mounted on a spring. The z-PEH module consists of eight commercially available bimorphs, with each bimorph having two circular piezoelectric discs of diameter 25 mm and a thickness of 0.25 mm. The experimental and numerical open-circuit voltages of a single PZT are 9.38, 15.86 and 29.5 V and 9.23, 18.31 and 28.6 V respectively for applied weights of 24.5, 49 and 73.5 N. The z-PEH module occupied an area of 21.1 × 18 cm2. The numerical design is further carried out in commercially available software ANSYSTM with the objective of enhancing output power of the z-PEH module with in the same area. It is found out that, the optimized z-PEH module with square bimorphs, generated an open-circuit Peak-to-peak voltage of 69.07 V and the maximum DC power generated is 0.56 mW for an applied force of 73.5 N. Also, the z-PEH module with 56 bimorphs resulted in an average DC power of 3.95 mW for a step loading of 490 N (equal to 50 kg) under maximum power transfer conditions. The power density in this case is 2.49 W m−3.
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Onyshchenko, Artur, and Volodymyr Zelenovskiy. "ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY ASPHALT CONCRETE FOR ITS APPLICATION ON BRIDGE COVERING ON ROADS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 1, no. 265 (March 25, 2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-1-265-43-51.
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Introduction. This paper considers the issue of improving the quality of coatings on road reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete bridges or metal bridges with orthotropic slab. The constructive decisions of increase of working capacity and fatigue durability of asphalt concrete coverings are offered. The results of the analysis of experimental researches of physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete are given. The efficiency of epoxy components in asphalt concrete mixtures, which significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of bitumen, is shown. According to the results of experimental laboratory tests, a comparative analysis of the properties of epoxy asphalt concrete and source asphalt concrete on viscous and rarefied bitumen is given. Also, the influence of the duration and temperature of curing of epoxy components on the properties of epoxy asphalt concrete was analyzed. Problem statement. In today’s conditions of high-speed intensive traffic, high traffic loads and adverse weather and climatic factors that occur in our country, increasing the durability of pavements on bridges to increase service life and reduce costs associated with maintenance, requires special attention. One of the effective ways to improve the quality and durability of asphalt pavements on road bridges is the modification of bitumen by using as the main material thermosetting polymer additives, in our case – epoxy components (epoxy resin and its hardener). Objective. The purpose of the analysis of experimental studies of physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete is to study the possibility of its use as a pavement on highways. As well as confirmation of efficiency in solving the problem of achieving increased fatigue life of such coatings at different load frequencies by increasing track resistance, strength, crack resistance and at the same time solving no less important issue to minimize the cost of repair and construction work during bridge operation. Materials and methods. Asphalt concrete coverings on orthotropic or reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of the bridge with improved physical and mechanical properties due to the use of thermosetting polymer additives as a bitumen modifier. Results. The analysis of experimental researches of physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete is carried out and efficiency of its application for improvement of quality of coverings on road bridges and increase of their durability is defined. A set of studies was conducted to compare the properties of epoxy asphalt concrete and source asphalt concrete on viscous and rarefied bitumen. Conclusions. To increase the fatigue life of asphalt pavements on road bridges in modern conditions of high traffic intensity in our region with a wide range of operating temperatures, it is necessary to develop new solutions for the use of building materials. That is why the study of physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concretes improved by thermosetting polymer additives in order to determine their true effectiveness in improving track resistance, strength and crack resistance of coatings based on them is an urgent issue today. The use of epoxy-asphalt concrete coating on orthotropic or reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of the bridge requires special attention in establishing the optimal duration and curing temperature of epoxy components, which can dramatically affect its physical and mechanical properties and determine the cooking technology. Keywords: epoxy asphalt concrete, epoxy asphalt concrete mixture, physical and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt concrete, composition of epoxy asphalt concrete mixtures, epoxy resin, road bitumen, modification of bitumen, properties of bitumen, durability of paving.
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ASMATULAYEV, B. A. "PETROLEUM AND BITUMEN CONTAINING AND INDUSTRIAL ANTHROPOGENIC MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LONG-LASTING ROARDS." Neft i gaz 5, no. 119 (April 15, 2020): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2020-5.033.
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This paper raises problem issues of technical conditions of the roads in the Republic in connection with the address of Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev, the President of the country to the people of Kazakhstan.The main problem is poor condition of roads infrastructure resulting in a high level of accidents on dual highways. The second problem is slow rate of roads’ construction and reconstruction according to outdated designing methods and traditional construction technologies for a short operating time of not more than 15-20 years that does not comply with worldwide standards of repair-free service life of roads of 50 years and more. Motorization of the country and freight traffic increases by 25-40% annually, the road load increased 2-3 times resulting in intensive destruction of outdated roads pavements. In connection with this the volume of repairs with respect to costs exceeds more than 50% of total road industry financing. The third problem is a high cost of roads construction. Cost plus technologies are still being widely applied in Kazakhstan. At the same time industrial waste discharge of Kazakhstan’s enterprises accumulated more than 45 billion tons of anthropogenic wastes including petroleum and bitumen containing anthropogenic materials with the application of which innovative resource-saving and power-saving nanotechnologies and nanostructured long-life materials were developed. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of construction and expenses for road maintenance by 2-3 times within 50 years. In addition, to accelerate construction and repairs of 1-2 category roads by 2-3- times, while 3-4 category by 5-6 times. The scientific and technical program headed by national Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2023 “To develop and implement efficient technologies of cast-insitu construction of road-transport structures according to world standards with a complex recycling of industrial anthropogenic wastes and recoverable resources” is developed for wide application of nanotechnologies and nanostructured materials in roads construction.
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Guauque-Olarte, Sandra, Ana-Lucia Rivera-Herrera, and Laura Cifuentes-C. "Mutations of the CHEK2 gene in patients with cancer and their presence in the Latin American population." F1000Research 5 (November 29, 2016): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9932.1.
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Background:CHEK2(Checkpoint Kinase 2) encodes CHK2, a serine/threonine kinase involved in maintaining the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints and repair of double-strand DNA breaks via homologous recombination. Functions of CHK2 include the prevention of damaged cells from going through the cell cycle or proliferating and the maintenance of chromosomal stability.CHEK2mutations have been reported in a variety of cancers including glioblastoma, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, gastric, thyroid, and lung cancer in studies performed mainly in White populations. The most studied mutation inCHEK2is c.1100delC, which was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to compile mutations inCHEK2identified in cancer genomics studies in different populations and especially in Latin American individuals.Methods:A revision of cancer genomics data repositories and a profound literature review of Latin American studies was performed.Results:Mutations with predicted high impact inCHEK2were reported in studies from Australia, Japan, United States, among other countries. The TCGA cancer types with most mutations inCHEK2were breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer. The most common mutation found was E321* in three patients with uterine cancer. In Latin American individuals nine mutations were found in melanoma, lymphoma, and head and neck cohorts from TCGA and ICGC. Latin American studies have been restricted to breast and colorectal cancer and only two mutations out of four that have been interrogated in this population were identified, namely c.1100delC and c.349A>G.Conclusions:This study presents a compilation of mutations inCHEK2with high impact in different cancer types in White, Hispanic and other populations. We also show the necessity of screeningCHEK2mutations in Latin American in cancer types different than breast and colorectal.
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Winship, Amy L., Meaghan Griffiths, Carolina Lliberos Requesens, Urooza Sarma, Kelly-Anne Phillips, and Karla J. Hutt. "The PARP inhibitor, olaparib, depletes the ovarian reserve in mice: implications for fertility preservation." Human Reproduction 35, no. 8 (June 30, 2020): 1864–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa128.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, olaparib, alone or in combination with chemotherapy on the ovary in mice? SUMMARY ANSWER Olaparib treatment, when administered alone, depletes primordial follicle oocytes, but olaparib does not exacerbate chemotherapy-mediated ovarian follicle loss in mice. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The ovary contains a finite number of oocytes stored within primordial follicles, which give rise to all mature ovulatory oocytes. Unfortunately, they are highly sensitive to exogenous DNA damaging insults, such as cytotoxic cancer treatments. Members of the PARP family of enzymes are central to the repair of single-strand DNA breaks. PARP inhibitors have shown promising clinical efficacy in reducing tumour burden, by blocking DNA repair capacity. Olaparib is a PARP1/2 inhibitor recently FDA-approved for treatment of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with metastatic breast cancer. It is currently being investigated as an adjunct to standard treatment at an earlier stage, potentially curable, BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated breast cancer which affects reproductive age women. Despite this, there is no preclinical or clinical information regarding the potential impacts of olaparib on the ovary or on female fertility. Unfortunately, it may be many years before clinical data on fertility outcomes for women treated with PARP inhibitors becomes available, highlighting the importance of rigorous preclinical research using animal models to establish the potential for new cancer therapies to affect the ovary in humans. We aimed to comprehensively determine the impact of olaparib alone, or following chemotherapy, on the ovary in mice. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION On Day 0, mice (n = 5/treatment group) were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg/body weight), doxorubicin (10 mg/kg), carboplatin (80 mg/kg), paclitaxel (7.5 mg/kg) or vehicle control. From Days 1 to 28, mice were administered subcutaneous olaparib (50 mg/kg) or vehicle control. This regimen is proven to reduce tumour burden in preclinical mouse studies and is also physiologically relevant for women. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Adult female wild-type C57BL6/J mice at peak fertility (8 weeks) were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of chemotherapy, or vehicle, then either subcutaneous olaparib or vehicle for 28 days. Vaginal smears were performed on each animal for 14 consecutive days from Days 15 to 28 to monitor oestrous cycling. At 24 h after final treatment, ovaries were harvested for follicle enumeration and immunohistochemical analysis of primordial follicle remnants (FOXL2 expressing granulosa cells), DNA damage (γH2AX) and analysis of apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Serum was collected to measure circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations by ELISA. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Olaparib significantly depleted primordial follicles by 36% compared to the control (P < 0.05) but had no impact on other follicle classes, serum AMH, corpora lutea number (indicative of ovulation) or oestrous cycling. Primordial follicle remnants were rarely detected in control ovaries but were significantly elevated in ovaries from mice treated with olaparib alone (P < 0.05). Similarly, DNA damage denoted by γH2AX foci was completely undetectable in primordial follicles of control animals but was observed in ∼10% of surviving primordial follicle oocytes in mice treated with olaparib alone. These observations suggest that functional PARPs are essential for primordial follicle oocyte maintenance and survival. Olaparib did not exacerbate chemotherapy-mediated follicle depletion in the wild-type mouse ovary. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was performed in mice, so the findings may not translate to women and further studies utilizing human ovarian tissue and sera samples should be performed in the future. Only one long-term time point was analysed, therefore olaparib-mediated follicle damage should be assessed at more immediate time points in the future to support our mechanistic findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Olaparib dramatically depleted primordial follicles and this could be attributed to loss of intrinsic PARP-mediated DNA repair mechanisms. Importantly, diminished ovarian reserve can result in premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. Notably, the extent of follicle depletion might be enhanced in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, and this is the subject of current investigations. Together, our data suggest that fertility preservation options should be considered for young women prior to olaparib treatment, and that human studies of this issue should be prioritized. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was made possible through Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support and Australian Government NHMRC IRIISS. This work was supported by funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); (K.J.H. #1050130) (A.L.W. #1120300). K.A.P. is a National Breast Cancer Foundation Fellow (Australia—PRAC-17-004). K.A.P. is the Breast Cancer Trials (Australia) Study Chair for the OlympiA clinical trial sponsored by AstraZeneca, the manufacturer of olaparib. All other authors declare no competing financial or other interests.
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Doyle, Jesse D., Jennifer A. Jefcoat, Margarita Ordaz, and Craig A. Rutland. "Full Scale Evaluation of Surface Treatments for Airfield Concrete Pavement Repair." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, April 26, 2021, 036119812110088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211008882.
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Surface deterioration of concrete pavements requires maintenance. Highway and airfield pavements exhibit many of the same maintenance issues, but airfields have several additional unique issues and requirements. Among these are petroleum contamination on aircraft parking areas and a high potential for failed concrete or maintenance materials to damage aircraft. To address these issues, commercially available surface-applied treatment products were assessed for use on concrete pavements with particular focus on the special requirements of airfields. Fourteen products encompassing numerous chemistries were evaluated in a full-scale field experiment. The specific objectives of this study were to investigate materials for field application issues, adhesion to concrete (for both clean and oil contaminated concrete), the ability to seal cracks, behavior under aircraft traffic loads including surface friction, and durability over time with exposure to environmental conditions. Test strips of each material were applied to deteriorated concrete slabs. Half of the concrete was intentionally contaminated with oil while the other half was left clean. Simulated aircraft traffic was applied and periodic visual observations and surface friction measurements were made. Two years after material application, a final visual assessment was made. Many of the products performed well on clean concrete; however, oil contaminated concrete detrimentally affected many of them. Of the fourteen products evaluated, two of the epoxy based materials clearly emerged as the best performing.
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He, Chengping, Zhigang Wu, Yu Huang, Jiangang Yang, Cong Liang, and Guanfa Zhang. "EPOXY-RESIN ADHESIVE FOR SEAM FILLING AND POTHOLE REPAIR IN PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE." Materiali in tehnologije 56, no. 6 (December 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2022.531.
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Aiming at the problems of asphalt pavement crack sealing and pothole repair materials, an epoxy-resin adhesive with high forming strength, good toughness and room-temperature curing was prepared. In addition to being used as a road filling sealant, the adhesive can also be used for preparing a cold patching mixture for pits. The properties of the epoxy-resin adhesive, the construction performance and road performance of the pouring sealant and cold patch were studied. The results showed that the early strength of the epoxy-resin adhesive was fast and high, the curing volume shrinkage was small, the low-temperature characteristics and tensile properties were good, and the toughness was excellent. As a pouring sealant, the epoxy-resin adhesive had excellent low-temperature bending resistance. The cold patching mixture based on the adhesive exhibited strong cohesiveness, good low-temperature crack resistance, and excellent high-temperature stability and water stability. This adhesive expands the application of epoxy resin in repairing cracks and pits of asphalt pavements, and is of great significance in promoting the development of the asphalt pavement maintenance technology.
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"The Relation between Structural Distresses in the Flexible Pavements." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 1194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.c8127.019320.
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The pavement management system deals with maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation of pavements. Pavement Condition evaluation is one of the critical steps in the pavement management system. It required distresses identification and measurement on the pavement surface. Structural distresses are an essential component in the pavement condition evaluation. To take decisions precisely, it is necessary to develop the relationship between various distresses. In this study, the relationship between structural distresses in flexible pavements has been analyzed. The primary structural distresses as longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, Fatigue cracking, Block cracking, and deflection has been considered for the study. The correlation between all the distresses has been analysis. For correlation analysis, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient is used. The values of the Pearson correlation coefficient indicate that there is a strong positive relationship betweenthe distresses. Furthermore, to develop a prediction model, the regression analysis has been done. The values of the coefficient of regression indicate that the relationship is linear and positive between the structural distresses.
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"Finite Element Analysis of Coolingwater Pumpshaft." World Pumps 2022, no. 657 (October 2022): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0262-1762(22)70083-1.
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Rahman, Taqia, Bambang Suhendro, Wardhani Sartono, Purbolaras Nawangalam, and Hary Christady Hardiyatmo. "Airfield Asphalt Overlay Design for Non-conventional Pavement Structures: A Case Study of Airport in Indonesia." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum, May 25, 2022, 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.3771.
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Airfield pavements begin a gradual deterioration from several sources, including traffic load and environmental conditions. To achieve its intended design life, routine maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation should be performed. There are considerable research and studies conducted on the design and practice of pavements rehabilitation/overlay for typical airfield pavements. However, most of the existing guidelines and studies are only suitable for pavements with conventional structures. There has been no detailed investigation into the practice of airfield asphalt overlay for non-conventional pavement structures, such as chicken claw /Cakar Ayam pavement system and nailed-slab system. In the present article, challenges and issues for airfield asphalt overlay design for non-conventional pavement structures were examined based on an actual runway rehabilitation project in one of the major airports in Indonesia in 2015. The overlay design procedure, the evaluation of the existing pavement condition, including visual surveys and deflection tests, and the pre-overlay treatments were also discussed. In addition, a finite element (FE) simulation to model the non-conventional pavement structure was developed to calculate the required overlay thickness. The result showed that, during the overlay design of non-conventional pavement structure, data from falling weight deflectometer (FWD) could not be directly used to estimate the back-calculated layers moduli because of the difference in the geometric features of the pavement structure. Moreover, the FE model can be a robust tool to simulate the complex three-dimensional geometric features of a non-conventional pavement and important loading conditions, such as interface shear bond of overlay, that are usually not available in other tools, such as FAARFIELD. Finally, this study showed that the additional asphalt overlay could reduce the fatigue stress at the bottom of the existing slab and vertical stress at the top of the subgrade, resulting in overall smaller stress levels
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Mahdi, Moinul, Zhong Wu, and Tyson D. Rupnow. "Evaluation of Bonded Concrete Overlay of Asphalt under Accelerated Loading." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, October 30, 2020, 036119812096138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120961385.
Full textAbstract:
Bonded concrete overlay of asphalt (BCOA), previously known as ultra-thin whitetopping (UTW), has been widely used to repair aged asphalt concrete (AC) pavements with moderate distresses. Because of the increasing costs of roadway maintenance, Louisiana has a great interest in determining whether thin BCOA (usually 2–6 in.) is a suitable and cost-effective alternative to the current practice of roadway maintenance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of BCOA pavement and to identify the influence of in-situ interface bond strength on the performance of BCOA pavements. Three full-scale BCOA test sections with thicknesses of 6 in., 4 in., and 2 in. of Portland cement concrete (PCC) over an aged asphalt pavement were tested under accelerated pavement test (APT) loading under typical pavement conditions in southern Louisiana. Each section was trafficking-loaded to a failure (i.e., all the slabs in the loading path were cracked) under alternating load magnitudes of 9 kips and 16 kips of the ATLaS dual-tire wheel load. A falling weight deflectometer (FWD) backcalculated the effective thickness, a trench-cutting investigation was undertaken, and in-situ pull-off test revealed that a good bond was established initially between the PCC and AC layer. Several non-destructive test (NDT) methods indicated that the distresses of a BCOA slab could be coupled with a possible debonding at the PCC-asphalt interface. This paper mainly focuses on the APT results and the performance of BCOA test sections with different overlay thickness.
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Lu, Yujia, and Ramez Hajj. "Investigation of flexible pavement maintenance patching factors using a finite element model." Journal of Infrastructure Preservation and Resilience 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43065-021-00044-z.
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AbstractPatching of flexible pavements is one of the most important functions of pavement maintenance. Although finite element modeling has become commonplace in the world of pavement engineering, modeling has not yet been significantly leveraged for maintenance applications which improve safety, ride quality, and pavement service life. The objective of this study was to model viscoelastic properties of pavement and patching materials to determine the effect of various repair factors on pavement performance using the finite element method. Specifically, surface permanent deformation, local shear stress concentration, and horizontal strain distribution were investigated. Two types of models were simulated; the first model applied static loading to a surface layer fixed on a plate and the second model applied cyclic traffic loading to a two-layered flexible pavement system. The results demonstrate the importance of patching using a semi-permanent method. The results also demonstrated the accumulated effect of repeated loading using a time-dependent material response. Results also indicated that a larger patching area resulted in less influence of the shape of the area, while a circular area proved superior to a conventional rectangular patch for sizes near the tire footprint and smaller than it. Different responses were observed depending on the type of patching material modeled, demonstrating the effect of material choice in maintenance applications. Finally, mesh optimization was performed to ensure appropriate mesh sizes are used in future studies to accurately represent the pavement layers and patches.
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Kolbasin, Aleksandr, and Amir Gumerov. "Automation of road construction." Russian journal of resources, conservation and recycling 7, no. 1 (March 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/12inor120.
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This article discusses the creation and application of the building model information (Building Information Modeling) during the creation and operation of road infrastructure. The article reveals the problem of reducing the costs of the production process and optimizing costs that plague all construction companies. In addition to the many activities that are carried out in organizations to improve automation systems, the problem still remains relevant, as it is difficult to process a large stream of incoming information that accompanies work with objects using modern tools. The authors of this article say that the practical part of BIM in road construction consists in collecting the necessary information from the object and its further implementation in a 3D model, since at the operational stage, planning for repair and maintenance work is provided, which includes the corresponding costs. In addition, the article discusses the automation of road construction, consisting in a tracking system (monitoring) of the condition of the road surface. In turn, Rosavtodor began to actively use the technology of cold regeneration and stabilization of asphalt concrete pavements, it is also cold recycling, which can improve the condition and durability of the roadway. Currently, experts are working on a method of monitoring the status of pavements. This article discusses the process of road reconstruction using 3D technology, divided into 4 separate stages. They include the main stages of the construction of the roadway: survey, design, transfer of the project to the site and milling.
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Yang, Shilin, Andrii Bieliatynskyi, Valerii Pershakov, Meiyu Shao, and Mingyang Ta. "Asphalt concrete based on a polymer–bitumen binder nanomodified with carbon nanotubes for road and airfield construction." Journal of Polymer Engineering, March 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0345.
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Abstract The relevance of this study is conditioned by the high degree of importance of creating the latest modifications of the polymer–bitumen binder for the manufacture of high-quality asphalt concrete, for its subsequent use in the construction of motorways and concrete pavements of airfields. In this context, the purpose of the study is to obtain new, scientifically substantiated technological solutions for the development and practical application of effective nanomodified polymer-bitumen binders (PBBs) that can improve the operational characteristics and duration of practical use of asphalt. The study results clearly demonstrate the fact that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a stabiliser and an ageing inhibitor of polymer–bitumen binders (PBBs), while contributing to a decrease in the intensity of its operational destruction over time by more than 10 times relative to the compositions of PBB with structuring additives, which is essential in the preparation and practical use of asphalt concrete for the construction of motorways and airfields. The results obtained are of significant importance for developers of modern technologies for manufacturing asphalt concrete for road construction, and road maintenance workers who professionally solve the problems of road maintenance, applying the latest practical developments in the field of road construction and repair in their activities.