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Journal articles on the topic 'Patterns of failure'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Kato, Fuminori, Yoshio Suwa, Kunihiro Watanabe, and Satoshi Hatogai. "MECHANISMS OF COASTAL DIKE FAILURE INDUCED BY THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.40.

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Based on the results of field surveys, coastal dike failures caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake were classified into eight patterns. The results of hydraulic model experiments related to major failure patterns reinforced the proposed failure processes. In addition, the aggregated length of each failure pattern showed that failure from scouring at the landward toe is the dominant failure pattern.

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2

Edberg, Roger, Alison Berry, and Laurence Costello. "Patterns of Structural Failure in Monterey Pine." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 20, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1994.053.

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The California Tree Failure Report Program database was established in 1987 to collect data on tree branch, trunk, and root breakage or uprooting. The database for the CTFRP is compiled from failure evaluation reports filled out by statewide cooperating arborists, tree assessors, and other horticultural professionals. Compilation of 186 reports for Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) has permitted development of a "failure profile" -a characterization of failure location, structural defects, decay, climatic conditions, and other factors associated with structural failure of Monterey pine. Monterey pine was found to be particularly failure prone compared to other tree species in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA. Close to 60% of Monterey pine failures reported in the CTFRP database were limb failures, rather than trunk or root failures, and most of these were considered to be heavy lateral limbs - a structural defect. The majority of limb breakage occurred away from, rather than at the point of attachment, suggesting a wood strength problem. Decay was notfrequently associated with Monterey pine failures at any location on the tree. Tree spacing, nutrition, and genetic strain are likely to be major factors influencing heavy lateral limb development. Closer tree spacing, low nitrogen input, and genetic selection offer hope for reducing Monterey pine branch failure.

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3

Won Choi, Seung, Do-Hyun Nam, Jason Sa, and Harim Koo. "GENE-12. ANALYSIS OF FAILURE PATTERNS IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA: EXPLORING THE GENETIC LANDSCAPE OF PATTERN OF FAILURE." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.414.

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Abstract Failure patterns in malignant gliomas have been described in previous literatures, however, studies were limited to analyze clinical features to account for predisposition to distinct failure patterns. Present study aimed to describe the landscape of failure patterns in malignant glioma from large cohort by integrating multi-omics data and investigate the genetic backgrounds of distinct failure patterns. A total of 423 cases from 325 patients who enrolled at the registry of IRCR at SMC were reviewed for their pattern of failure. Failure patterns were categorized into local, distant recurrence and leptomeningeal seeding regarding recurrent tumors’ spatial relation to primary location. Genomic data was available for 327 (DNAseq) and 259 samples (RNAseq), respectively. Glioblastoma was the most prevalent histologic type in study cohort (81.2%)) and majority of cases experienced the recurrence (79.0%). None of clinical parameters (e.g. age, sex, extent of operation and history of prior therapy) failed to show any significant association with failure patterns. Although local recurrence was most prevalent (63.8%) among failure patterns in malignant gliomas, considerable portion of patients (37.8%) demonstrated other types of failure patterns even in their initial relapse. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that failure pattern was significant prognostic factor to overall survival (remote recurrence, HR=1.59, p-value=0.009; leptomeningeal seeding, HR=2.17, p-value< 0.001). Genomic analysis including mutational profile revealed distinct molecular landscape of malignant gliomas according to failure patterns, which suggested that innate biologic characteristics of tumors might contribute to develop distinct failure patterns upon recurrence. PTEN mutation was significantly enriched in tumors of distant recurrence (p-value=0.026). We described the landscape of failure patterns in malignant gliomas by integrating clinical and genomic data. Considerable amount of malignant glioma patients experienced distinct failure patterns other than local recurrence and their clinical outcome as well as genetic background demonstrated invasive characteristic of these tumors.

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Hu, Yan Jun, and Yan Liang Du. "Experimental Study on External Anchorage Technique for Strengthening of the Existing Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1499.

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Anchoring the external prestressing to the bridge end block is one of the key issues for strengthening of existing concrete bridges. This paper presents an innovative technique to fix steel brackets to the sides of the end block by two transverse pretensioned through-rods and three expansion bolts in both friction and shear pattern. In order to validate the technique, two steel reinforced concrete specimens (J1 and J2) fixed with experimental steel brackets are prepared and an experiment investigation has been carried out. Two sudden failures have been observed. The failure patterns of expansion bolts in J1 are pullout failure and shear failure, and two transverse pretensioned through-rods have large yield deformation. The failure patterns of expansion bolts in J2 are similar, but the failure patterns of two transverse pretensioned through-rods are shear fracture. The relationship of force and slip is linear but with two different slope when the load less than 2000kN in both J1 and J2.

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Choi, Seung Won. "BIOM-06. MOLECULAR SIGNATURES UNDERLIE THE DISTINCT FAILURE PATTERNS OF MALIGNANT GLIOMAS." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi10—vi11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.037.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas exhibit varied failure patterns upon recurrence; however, genomic backgrounds of these distinct phenotypes have not been evaluated. We aimed to explore the genomic traits associated with distinct failure patterns in malignant glioma patients. METHODS This study involved 272 malignant glioma patients. Failure pattern was defined for the spatial relationship between recurrent tumor and the original tumor as follows: local recurrence (LR), remote recurrence, leptomeningeal seeding (LMC), and combined failure pattern. Molecular characteristics underlying different failure patterns were investigated for the mutation profile, copy number variation (CNV), and transcriptomic signatures. RESULTS Local recurrence was the most prominent failure pattern (62.9%), followed by combined recurrence (22.8%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed failure pattern as one of the independent prognostic factors. Patients with combined failure patterns exhibited the worst prognoses, whereas patients with remote recurrence exhibited the most favorable outcomes (median overall survival = 11.4 and 25.2 months, respectively). In IDH1-wild type glioblastoma (GBM) patients, TERT and PIK3CA mutation were significantly associated with the development of combined failure pattern and leptomeningeal seeding, respectively (p-value=0.015 & p-value=0.004, respectively). Transcriptomic analysis exhibited that inter-neuronal synaptic transmission was enriched in GBMs with combined failure pattern and this finding was further validated in proteomic analysis; neuronal myelination and synaptic transmission-related pathways were upregulated in GBMs which exhibited combined failure pattern. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we demonstrated that the inherent molecular characteristics of the tumors might contribute to the eventual relapse patterns; tracking their evolutionary pathways may unravel novel therapeutic vulnerabilities of these tumors.

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Han, Stephanie C., and Jonathan Knisely. "Patterns of failure in medulloblastoma." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 42, no. 1 (January 1998): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)80391-x.

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7

Linklater, Rognvald A., and Peter H. Gordon. "Bond failure patterns in vivo." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 123, no. 5 (May 2003): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(02)56944-4.

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Linklater, Rognvald A., and Peter H. Gordon. "Bond failure patterns in vivo." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 123, no. 5 (May 2003): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mod.2003.s0889540602000252.

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9

Lukason, Oliver, and Tiia Vissak. "Internationalization and failure risk patterns." Review of International Business and Strategy 29, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-06-2018-0054.

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PurposeThis paper aims to find out what kind of export and failure risk patterns exist among young Estonian manufacturing exporters and explore their interlinkages.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 208 young Estonian manufacturing exporters. Based on internationalization literature, export patterns were detected with a consecutive three-stage clustering of export sales share from total sales, outside-Europe sales share from export sales and number of target markets, while failure risk patterns were detected by clustering failure probabilities obtained from a universal prediction model. The interconnection of export patterns with financial ratios and failure risk patterns was studied with statistical tests.FindingsSix main internationalization patterns existed. In all, 49 per cent of firms exported to a single European market and their export share was constantly very low, while even most of the firms with high export shares (39 per cent of the sample) were also active on one European market. In terms of failure risk patterns, 49 per cent of firms had constantly very low failure risk, while 51 per cent of firms had medium risk. Higher export engagement did not lead to better financial performance or lower failure risk.Originality/valueThis study is the first to find out if firms following different export patterns are also characterized by specific financial performance and failure risk. In addition, studies encompassing young exporters’ specific target markets and failure risk development are rare. While exporters’ and non-exporters’ financial performance differences have been frequently documented in favor of the former, this study found no such differences for different types of young exporters.

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10

Manor, A., and N. M. Shnerb. "Dynamical failure of Turing patterns." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 74, no. 5 (June 2006): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10580-5.

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Brady, Luther W., Carlos A. Perez, and John M. Bedwinek. "Failure patterns in gynecologic cancer." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 12, no. 4 (April 1986): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(86)90062-3.

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Barber, F. Alan, Morley A. Herbert, and David A. Coons. "Tendon Augmentation Grafts: Biomechanical Failure Loads and Failure Patterns." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 22, no. 5 (May 2006): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2005.12.021.

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13

Ogunmilua, Olutayo Opeyemi. "Establishing failure patterns of a Belt Conveyor System configuration." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38569.

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Abstract: The conveyor belt is one of the most operational critical equipment’s in the mining industry, they are mostly used in the transportation of crushed materials from the crushing station to where there’ll be further processed. Due to the increasing complexity of belt conveyor systems, managing their integrity has become even more difficult, as they are now used across various industries, environments and carry materials of different weight variations, leaving them susceptible to failures (1). This paper provides an industry specific knowledge on belt conveyor systems, their respective components, and how they are configured using fault tree analysis to predict the different branches of event that can contribute to the failure of a belt conveyor system. The use of fault tree analysis sheds more light on how cascading failures can occur, where the failure of one component leads to the failure of the overall system. (2) Keywords: RCFA, FMEA Opex, FTA, Capex, Eca, Ttf, Ttr.

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14

Lukason, Oliver, and Kaspar Käsper. "Failure prediction of government funded start-up firms." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2-2).2017.01.

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This study aims to create a prediction model that would forecast the bankruptcy of government funded start-up firms (GFSUs). Also, the financial development patterns of GFSUs are outlined. The dataset consists of 417 Estonian GFSUs, of which 75 have bankrupted before becoming five years old and 312 have survived for five years. Six financial ratios have been calculated for one (t+1) and two (t+2) years after firms have become active. Weighted logistic regression analysis is applied to create the bankruptcy prediction models and consecutive factor and cluster analyses are applied to outline the financial patterns. Bankruptcy prediction models obtain average classification accuracies, namely 63.8% for t+1 and 67.8% for t+2. The bankrupt firms are distinguished with a higher accuracy than the survived firms, with liquidity and equity ratios being the useful predictors of bankruptcy. Five financial patterns are detected for GFSUs, but bankrupt GFSUs do not follow any distinct patterns that would be characteristic only to them.

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Friedman, Ernest H. "Respiratory Patterns and Chronic Heart Failure." Circulation 98, no. 4 (July 28, 1998): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.98.4.377.

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Derdeyn, Colin P., David A. Carpenter, Tom O. Videen, Robert L. Grubb, Jr., and William J. Powers. "Patterns of Infarction in Hemodynamic Failure." Cerebrovascular Diseases 24, no. 1 (2007): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000103111.

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Winter, Jordan M., Laura H. Tang, David S. Klimstra, Weiguo Liu, Irena Linkov, Murray F. Brennan, Michael I. DʼAngelica, et al. "Failure Patterns in Resected Pancreas Adenocarcinoma." Annals of Surgery 258, no. 2 (August 2013): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0b013e31827fe9ce.

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18

O’Riordan, Brendan G., Efrain Cambronero, Pedro Luna, Gordon H. Hafner, and Lemuel Herrera. "Patterns of Failure After Pelvic Exenteration." Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America 3, no. 2 (April 1994): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-3207(18)30523-4.

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19

Prasun, Marilyn A., Jesse Casida, Jill Howie-Esquivel, Bunny Pozehl, Beth Fahlberg, Cindy Johnson, Juliet Mock, Jill Quinn, Karen Yehle, and Linda Baas. "Practice patterns of heart failure nurses." Heart & Lung 41, no. 3 (May 2012): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.02.001.

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20

Goldie, J. H., and A. J. Coldman. "Analyzing the patterns of treatment failure." Journal of Clinical Oncology 4, no. 6 (June 1986): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1986.4.6.825.

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21

Higgins, Joan. "Adverse events or patterns of failure?" British Journal of Healthcare Management 7, no. 4 (April 2001): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2001.7.4.19092.

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22

Luna-Pérez, Pedro, Darío F. Rodríguez, Luis Luján, Isabel Alvarado, Javier Kelly, María Elena Rojas, Sonia Labastida, and José Luis González. "Colorectal sarcoma: Analysis of failure patterns." Journal of Surgical Oncology 69, no. 1 (September 1998): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199809)69:1<36::aid-jso7>3.0.co;2-l.

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Patel, J., J. Janopaul-Naylor, M. Rupji, A. Voloschin, K. B. Hoang, J. J. Olson, H. K. G. Shu, J. Zhong, S. G. Neill, and B. R. Eaton. "Patterns of Treatment Failure in PCNSL." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 114, no. 3 (November 2022): e84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.858.

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Ross, Merrick. "Patterns of Failure in Anorectal Melanoma." Archives of Surgery 125, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410150035007.

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Robertson, James W. "Solution or Bused." Mathematics Teacher 89, no. 4 (April 1996): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.89.4.0280.

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For my early morning bus duty, I had to determine whether all the buses had arrived in a timely manner. Each bus prominently displayed a number between 1 and 8, inclusive. The buses did not arrive in the same order each morning. I began to characterize the order of arrival as a “success” or a “failure.” For example, I considered the patterns 76854321 and 43251678 as successes, whereas 76821543 and 34251786 were failures. The challenge of deducing the criterion for success or failure could be presented to any class by adapting it to the appropriate level. A younger audience could be challenged by fewer buses. When using five buses, for example, the numbers 23145 and 43215 would be successes and 43125 and 14253 would be failures. Students could generate their own pattern and ask the designated bus monitor whether it is a failure or a success. If the students cannot discern the criterion, a pattern could be declared a failure at the digit at which it becomes one. For instance, in the foregoing five-bus failures, 431 and 14 would be declared failures.

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Wenner, C., and C. G. Drury. "Active and Latent Failures in Aircraft Ground Damage Incidents." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 15 (October 1996): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001510.

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As part of a larger project to identify common human errors and system failures across different reporting systems, a large number of detailed reports of aircraft ground damage reports were analyzed. Such incidents cost major airlines tens of millions of dollars per year in repairs. It was found that consistent repeating patterns of incident emerged from the analysis based upon the final active failure and the resulting damage-causing impact. Behind these final outcomes, however, were numerous latent failures, or resident pathogens, which occurred across many hazard patterns. When the hazard patterns were expanded as event trees, the latent failures typical of each pattern were seen. For example, when a ground vehicle was driven into an aircraft, poorly maintained or substituted ground vehicles combined with management pressures for on-time departure and inadequate space around the aircraft led to the final or active failure. From these analyses, strategies for intervention can be derived at all systems levels. System interventions must address latent failures in the system, instead of the “blame and train” philosophy currently in use. The methodology used in this analysis allows the most cost beneficial interventions to be easily determined.

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Suzuki, Toshiaki, Hiroyuki Kubo, Hayato Hoshihara, and Taro Ogawa. "Packet Transport Network Recovery System with Examination of Data Transmission Quality." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 27, no. 03 (September 18, 2019): 2050007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539320500072.

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A packet transport network recovery system based on failure pattern under examination of transmission quality is proposed. Network failures are segmented into one of the three patterns: single failure of a node, failures of multiple nodes, and failures of multiple network areas. The single failure is recovered by a protection scheme. For failures of multiple nodes or multiple areas, recovery is performed by a node-based multiple-backup operation plane scheme or by an area-based multiple-back operation plane scheme, respectively. A unique recovery ID is assigned to each failure pattern and backup paths with the recovery ID are stored in each node. When network failures occur, the network management server determines the type of failure and sends the appropriate recovery ID to the nodes. Then recovery paths are configured. Our proposed system took about 0.5[Formula: see text]s to configure 1000 backup paths after failures were detected, compared to about 4[Formula: see text]s by a conventional scheme. For the examination of data transmission quality, multiple paths that do not share the same link are grouped and configured concurrently. The number of groups is regarded as the performance of the configuration. The performance of the proposed system is about three times faster than a configuration without grouping.

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Swanson, Gregory P., Michael A. Hussey, Catherine M. Tangen, Joseph Chin, Edward Messing, Edith Canby-Hagino, Jeffrey D. Forman, Ian M. Thompson, and E. David Crawford. "Predominant Treatment Failure in Postprostatectomy Patients Is Local: Analysis of Patterns of Treatment Failure in SWOG 8794." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 16 (June 1, 2007): 2225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.09.6495.

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Purpose Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trial 8794 demonstrated that adjuvant radiation reduces the risk of biochemical (prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) treatment failure by 50% over radical prostatectomy alone. In this analysis, we stratified patients as to their preradiation PSA levels and correlated it with outcomes such as PSA treatment failure, local recurrence, and distant failure, to serve as guidelines for future research. Patients and Methods Four hundred thirty-one subjects with pathologically advanced prostate cancer (extraprostatic extension, positive surgical margins, or seminal vesicle invasion) were randomly assigned to adjuvant radiotherapy or observation. Results Three hundred seventy-four eligible patients had immediate postprostatectomy and follow-up PSA data. Median follow-up was 10.2 years. For patients with a postsurgical PSA of ≤ 0.2 ng/mL, radiation was associated with reductions in the 10-year risk of biochemical treatment failure (72% to 42%), local failures (20% to 7%), and distant failures (12% to 4%). For patients with a postsurgical PSA between higher than 0.2 and ≤ 1.0 ng/mL, reductions in the 10-year risk of biochemical failure (80% to 73%), local failures (25% to 9%), and distant failures (16% to 12%) were realized. In patients with postsurgical PSA higher than 1.0, the respective findings were 94% versus 100%, 28% versus 9%, and 44% versus 18%. Conclusion The pattern of treatment failure in high-risk patients is predominantly local with a surprisingly low incidence of metastatic failure. Adjuvant radiation to the prostate bed reduces the risk of metastatic disease and biochemical failure at all postsurgical PSA levels. Further improvement in reducing local treatment failure is likely to have the greatest impact on outcome in high-risk patients after prostatectomy.

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Iczkowski, Kenneth A., Kathleen C. Torkko, Gregory R. Kotnis, R. Storey Wilson, Wei Huang, Thomas M. Wheeler, Andrea M. Abeyta, and M. Scott Lucia. "Pseudolumen Size and Perimeter in Prostate Cancer: Correlation with Patient Outcome." Prostate Cancer 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/693853.

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We demonstrated in 2011 that 61% of men with postoperative PSA failure had some cribriform pattern of prostate cancer, versus 16% of nonfailures ( , ). That study used digitized radical prostatectomy slides from 153 men, 76 failures (≥0.2 ng/mL) matched to 77 nonfailures. The current study's hypothesis: pseudolumen size and shape variability could stratify outcome within histologic patterns (single separate acini, separate acini with undulating lumens, fused small acini, papillary, cribriform). Pseudolumens were filled digitally on image captures from previously annotated specimens. Among all 5 patterns, pseudolumen spaces averaged smaller in failures than nonfailures. After multivariate analysis controlling for stage, age, margin, cancer amount, prostate volume, and presence of individual cells (grade 5), this retained significance only for the undulating-lumens and papillary patterns. In undulating-lumens pattern, PSA failures had smaller mean pseudolumen space sizes () but larger perimeters (), implying more pseudolumen irregularity. In papillary pattern, the number of pseudolumen spaces was higher in failures (), space size was smaller (), perimeters were smaller (), and perimeter/size ratio was higher (). In conclusion, digitally measured pseudolumen size and shape may associate with outcome.

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Jain, S., T. Gupta, P. Reenadevi, J. Agarwal, S. G. Laskar, and S. K. Shrivastava. "Patterns of failures after definitive conformal radiation therapy for head and neck cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e17037-e17037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e17037.

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e17037 Background: The primary objective of the study is to analyze patterns of failure in patients with head and neck cancer treated with definitive conformal radiotherapy with a focus on the location of failures in relation to the target volume coverage. Methods: Sixty patients with squamous cell carcinoma (stage: T1–3, N0–2b) were treated definitively on a prospective protocol with conformal techniques to conventional dose-fractionation equivalent of 70 Gy to the gross disease using standardized contouring guidelines. The recurrent or persistent tumor volume (Vf) was defined using positron imaging tomography (PET) and surgical-pathologic findings, and analyzed using dose-volume histograms. The failure was considered marginal when 20%-95% of Vf was within 95% isodose line. Results: At median follow-up of 12 months (range, 4–30) the 3-year actuarial local control, loco-regional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival Kaplan-Meier estimates were 86.4%, 80.5%, 62.6%, and 46.4% respectively. Of 12 (19.3%) patients with disease related events, 10 have loco-regional failures with a median time of 4 months (range, 0–22). Of 10 patients, 8 had in-field, one had marginal and one had failures of both patterns. Of seven (11.3%) local failure events, two were isolated and one had marginal failure. Of seven regional failure events, two were marginal including one with failure at peri-parotid contra-lateral neck. Another one had bilateral multiple nodal levels with supraclavicular recurrence. The remaining events were in-field were “true failures” with no apparent technical cause, none had out-field failures. Two patients were detected to have distant metastases and two developed second malignancies, one out-field and other marginal with upper esophagus carcinoma at gradient zone of previous radiation. Conclusions: Conformal radiotherapy does not compromise loco-regional control as compared to historical controls treated with conventional techniques. PET scans are useful in delineation of failure volumes. The majority of recurrences were ‘in-field‘ motivate studies of dose escalation to the highest risk regions and marginal failures in the high-dose gradient region highlight the potential hazard of high precision techniques and warrants careful consideration. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Edberg, Roger, and Alison Berry. "Patterns of Structural Failures in Urban Trees: Coast Live Oak (Quercus Agrifolia)." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1999.008.

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Data from the California Tree Failure Report Program (CTFRP) were analyzed to develop a profile of the structural failure characteristics for coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). The most common pattern of structural failure for coast live oak reported in the CTFRP is a root or low trunk failure of a naturally occurring tree growing in a residential site. Decay, site grade changes, and low wind speeds are significantly more frequently associated with coast live oak failures than with other hardwoods, conifers, or eucalyptus. Decay of roots and lower trunk was a major contributing factor to failure of coast live oak (83%). Saturated soil conditions associated with root failure were also more frequent for coast live oak than for other species groups. Careful attention to controlling excess soil moisture, avoiding or correcting grade change and compaction, and monitoring decay are essential to maintain the health of coast live oak.

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Wang, Fei, Da Wang, and Hai Gang Yang. "A SAT-Based Pattern Generation Method for Diagnosis Multiple Scan Chain Faults." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.989.

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Scan chain design is a widely used design-for-testability (DFT) technique to improve test and diagnosis quality. However, failures on scan chain itself account for up to 30% of chip failures. To diagnose root causes of scan chain failures in a short period is vital to failure analysis process and yield improvements. As the conventional diagnosis process usually runs on the faulty free scan chain, scan chain faults may disable the diagnostic process, leaving large failure area to time-consuming failure analysis. In this paper, a SAT-based technique is proposed to generate patterns to diagnose scan chain faults. The proposed work can efficiently generate high quality diagnostic patterns to achieve high diagnosis resolution. Moreover, the computation overhead of proving equivalent faults is reduced. Experimental results on ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed method can reduce the number of diagnostic patterns while achieving high diagnosis resolution.

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Dyorina, N. V., V. S. Velikanov, and K. S. Dyorina. "Identification of failure patterns of excavator equipment failures considering the control factor." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 971 (December 1, 2020): 042062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/971/4/042062.

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Massoure, P. L., N. C. Roche, G. Lamblin, F. Topin, C. Dehan, É. Kaiser, and L. Fourcade. "Heart failure patterns in Djibouti: epidemiologic transition." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 23, no. 2 (April 2013): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2013.0188.

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Jewett, Brian A., and Dennis K. Collis. "Radiographic Failure Patterns of Polished Cemented Stems." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 453 (December 2006): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000246540.64821.73.

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Beatty, W. W., N. Butters, and D. S. Janowsky. "Patterns of memory failure after scopolamine treatment." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 1, no. 1 (1987): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-198701000-00027.

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Lee, Christopher S., Kristen A. Sethares, Jessica Harman Thompson, Kenneth M. Faulkner, Emily Aarons, and Karen S. Lyons. "Patterns of Heart Failure Dyadic Illness Management." Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 35, no. 5 (September 2020): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000695.

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Cahalin, Lawrence P. "Applying the Cardiopulmonary Practice Patterns: Heart Failure." Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 10, no. 3 (1999): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01823246-199910030-00004.

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39

Walley, V. M., F. D. Rubens, M. Campagna, A. L. Pipe, and W. J. Keon. "Patterns of failure in Hancock pericardial bioprostheses." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 102, no. 2 (August 1991): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(19)36550-x.

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40

Stone, Nelson N., Richard G. Stock, Ida White, and Pam Unger. "Patterns of Local Failure Following Prostate Brachytherapy." Journal of Urology 177, no. 5 (May 2007): 1759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.069.

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Fried, David V., Adam M. Zanation, Benjamin Huang, Neil Hayes, Mark Weissler, Trevor Hackman, Carol Shores, et al. "Patterns of local failure for sinonasal malignancies." Practical Radiation Oncology 3, no. 3 (July 2013): e113-e120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prro.2012.07.001.

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42

Williams, Roger. "Changing clinical patterns in acute liver failure." Journal of Hepatology 39, no. 4 (October 2003): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00405-7.

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43

Bauer, Lisa C., Julene K. Johnson, and Bunny J. Pozehl. "Cognitive Impairment Patterns in Chronic Heart Failure." Journal of Cardiac Failure 16, no. 8 (August 2010): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.06.015.

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Kast, John, Duc Duong, Farshad Nowzari, William M. Chadduck, and Steven J. Schiff. "Time-related patterns of ventricular shunt failure." Child's Nervous System 10, no. 8 (November 1994): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00335075.

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Bradley, Julie A., Daniel J. Indelicato, Haruka Uezono, Christopher G. Morris, Eric Sandler, Hernando de Soto, Raymond B. Mailhot Vega, and Ronny Rotondo. "Patterns of Failure in Parameningeal Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 107, no. 2 (June 2020): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.01.035.

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Wolforth, Ian, Martin Walker, Yiannis Papadopoulos, and Lars Grunske. "Capture and reuse of composable failure patterns." International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems 1, no. 1/2/3 (2010): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijccbs.2010.031710.

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Dias, Fernando L., Geraldo M. Sá, Roberto A. Lima, Jacob Kligerman, Marlos P. Leôncio, Emilson Q. Freitas, José Roberto N. Soares, and Roberto Alfonso Arcuri. "Patterns of Failure and Outcome in Esthesioneuroblastoma." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 129, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.129.11.1186.

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Carter, A. D. S. "Reliability and failure patterns arising from fatigue." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 4, no. 3 (July 1988): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.4680040310.

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Fisher, P. G., Jima Jenab, Patricia T. Goldthwaite, Tarik Tihan, Moody D. Wharam, Dana R. Foer, and Peter C. Burger. "Outcomes and failure patterns in childhood craniopharyngiomas." Child's Nervous System 14, no. 10 (October 20, 1998): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050272.

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Koshi, Tomoya, Ken-ichi Nomura, and Manabu Yoshida. "Electrical Characterization of a Double-Layered Conductive Pattern with Different Crack Configurations for Durable E-Textiles." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110977.

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Abstract:

For the conductive patterns of electronic textiles (e-textiles), it is still challenging to maintain low electrical resistance, even under large or cyclic tensile deformation. This study investigated a double-layered pattern with different crack configurations as a possible solution. Patterns with single crack growth exhibit a low initial resistance and resistance change rate. In contrast, patterns with multiple crack growth maintain their conductivity under deformation, where electrical failure occurs in those with single crack growth. We considered that a double-layered structure could combine the electrical characteristics of patterns with single and multiple crack growths. In this study, each layer was theoretically designed to control the crack configuration. Then, meandering copper patterns, silver ink patterns, and their double layers were fabricated on textiles as patterns with single and multiple crack growths and double-layered patterns, respectively. Their resistance changes under the single (large) and cyclic tensile deformations were characterized. The results confirmed that the double-layered patterns maintained the lowest resistance at the high elongation rate and cycle. The resistance change rates of the meandering copper and silver ink patterns were constant, and changed monotonically against the elongation rate/cycle, respectively. In contrast, the change rate of the double-layered patterns varied considerably when electrical failure occurred in the copper layer. The change rate after the failure was much higher than that before the failure, and on the same order as that of the silver ink patterns.

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