Journal articles: 'Pattern posets'

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Bernini, Antonio, and Luca Ferrari. "Vincular Pattern Posets and the Möbius Function of the Quasi-Consecutive Pattern Poset." Annals of Combinatorics 21, no. 4 (August 21, 2017): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00026-017-0364-y.

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Anderson, David, Eric S. Egge, Manda Riehl, Lucas Ryan, Ruth Steinke, and Yuriko Vaughan. "Pattern avoiding linear extensions of rectangular posets." Journal of Combinatorics 9, no. 1 (2018): 185–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/joc.2018.v9.n1.a9.

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Yakoubov, Sophia. "Pattern avoidance in extensions of comb-like posets." Journal of Combinatorics 6, no. 1–2 (2015): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/joc.2015.v6.n1.a13.

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Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille, Anders Claesson, Mark Dukes, and Sergey Kitaev. "(2+2)-free posets, ascent sequences and pattern avoiding permutations." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 117, no. 7 (October 2010): 884–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2009.12.007.

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Dukes, Mark, and Peter R. W. McNamara. "Refining the bijections among ascent sequences, (2+2)-free posets, integer matrices and pattern-avoiding permutations." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 167 (October 2019): 403–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2019.05.007.

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Mansour, Toufik, and Mark Shattuck. "Ascent sequences and Fibonacci numbers." Filomat 29, no. 4 (2015): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1504703m.

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An ascent sequence is one consisting of non-negative integers in which the size of each letter is restricted by the number of ascents preceding it in the sequence. Ascent sequences have recently been shown to be related to (2+2)-free posets and a variety of other combinatorial structures. Let Fn denote the Fibonacci sequence given by the recurrence Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2 if n ? 2, with F0 = 0 and F1 = 1. In this paper, we draw connections between ascent sequences and the Fibonacci numbers by showing that several pattern-avoidance classes of ascent sequences are enumerated by either Fn+1 or F2n-1. We make use of both algebraic and combinatorial methods to establish our results. In one of the apparently more difficult cases, we make use of the kernel method to solve a functional equation and thus determine the distribution of some statistics on the avoidance class in question. In two other cases, we adapt the scanning-elements algorithm, a technique which has been used in the enumeration of certain classes of pattern-avoiding permutations, to the comparable problem concerning pattern-avoiding ascent sequences.

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Farris, James S. "Pattern poses." Cladistics 30, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12034.

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Bacher, Axel, Antonio Bernini, Luca Ferrari, Benjamin Gunby, Renzo Pinzani, and Julian West. "The Dyck pattern poset." Discrete Mathematics 321 (April 2014): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2013.12.011.

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Hopkins, Sam, and Morgan Weiler. "Pattern Avoidance in Poset Permutations." Order 33, no. 2 (August 13, 2015): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11083-015-9367-7.

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Pereira, Renata, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Victória Castelan Rodrigues, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima, Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins, and Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar. "Glass fiber posts." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 19 (May 18, 2020): e207508. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8657508.

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Aim: Glass fiber posts are indicated in the rehabilitation of extensively damaged teeth; their cementation represents a critical step in restorative dentistry. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts cemented by conventional technique, two-step technique with luting agent and two-step technique associating bulk-fill composite and luting agent. Methods: Eighty maxillary bovine incisors were endodontically treated and divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the luting agent (Rely X ARC and Duo-link) and cementation technique (conventional technique; two-step technique with luting agent; and two-step technique associating bulk-fill composite – Filtek Bulk-fill flow or Surefil SDR flow – and luting agent). Samples were submitted to pushout bond strength test, and the fracture pattern was evaluated through scanning electron microscope. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results: When Rely X ARC was used, the conventional cementation technique obtained higher bond strength values than the twostep technique associated with Filtek Bulk-fill flow. When Duolink was used, the two-step technique associated with Filtek Bulk-fill flow presented higher bond strength values than the conventional technique. The most prevalent fracture patterns were adhesive between luting agent and dentin, and adhesive between bulk-fill composite and dentin. Conclusion: Two-step cementation technique associated with bulk-fill composite may be promising depending on the luting agent used.

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Cuntz, M. "Frieze patterns as root posets and affine triangulations." European Journal of Combinatorics 42 (November 2014): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejc.2014.06.005.

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Smith, Jason P., and Henning Ulfarsson. "The poset of mesh patterns." Discrete Mathematics 343, no. 6 (June 2020): 111848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2020.111848.

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Ott, Jurg, and Taesung Park. "Overview of frequent pattern mining." Genomics & Informatics 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/gi.22074.

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Various methods of frequent pattern mining have been applied to genetic problems, specifically, to the combined association of two genotypes (a genotype pattern, or diplotype) at different DNA variants with disease. These methods have the ability to come up with a selection of genotype patterns that are more common in affected than unaffected individuals, and the assessment of statistical significance for these selected patterns poses some unique problems, which are briefly outlined here.

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Defant, Colin. "Poset pattern-avoidance problems posed by Yakoubov." Journal of Combinatorics 9, no. 2 (2018): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/joc.2018.v9.n2.a2.

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Zukoff, Sam. "The Reduplicative System of Ancient Greek and a New Analysis of Attic Reduplication." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 3 (July 2017): 459–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00250.

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The Ancient Greek perfect tense poses an interesting empirical puzzle involving reduplication. While consonant-initial roots display a phonologically regular alternation based on cluster type, vowel-initial roots display two distinct patterns whose distribution is not phonologically predictable. The reduplicative grammar that generates the consonantinitial patterns is directly compatible with the productive vowel-initial pattern, vowel lengthening. The minority vowel-initial pattern, “Attic reduplication,” both its shape and its distribution, can be explained as a phonotactic repair that operated at a prior stage of the language. This pattern was later reanalyzed, such that Attic reduplication is retained not as a phonotactic repair but through lexical indexation.

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King, Adam, Amanda Laubmeier, Kai Orans, and Anant Godbole. "Universal and Overlap Cycles for Posets, Words, and Juggling Patterns." Graphs and Combinatorics 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00373-015-1632-4.

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Steingrímsson, Einar, and Bridget Eileen Tenner. "The Möbius function of the permutation pattern poset." Journal of Combinatorics 1, no. 1 (2010): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/joc.2010.v1.n1.a3.

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McNamara, Peter R. W., and Einar Steingrímsson. "On the topology of the permutation pattern poset." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 134 (August 2015): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2015.02.009.

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Aliniaeifard, Farid, and Nathaniel Thiem. "Pattern groups and a poset based Hopf monoid." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 172 (May 2020): 105187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2019.105187.

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Sagan, Bruce E., and Robert Willenbring. "Discrete Morse theory and the consecutive pattern poset." Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 36, no. 4 (February 15, 2012): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10801-012-0347-3.

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Cristofaro, Sonia. "Towards a source-oriented approach to typological universals." Vilnius University Open Series 16 (July 26, 2021): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/sbol.2021.5.

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Typological universals are skewed distributional patterns whereby languages recurrently display certain grammatical patterns as opposed to others. Explanations for these patterns are usually based on their synchronic properties, not actual diachronic processes that shape the pattern cross-linguistically. The paper discusses diachronic evidence about the origins of some typological universals pertaining to word order and aspect/tense conditioned alignment splits. This evidence poses two general challenges for synchronically based explanations of typological universals. First, the relevant patterns do not obviously arise because of the principles postulated to account for these patterns on synchronic grounds. Second, the development of these patterns is a combined result of multiple diachronic processes. These facts point to a new, source-oriented approach to typological universals, one focusing on what source constructions and developmental mechanisms play a role in the shaping of individual patterns, rather than the synchronic properties of the pattern in itself.

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Sorato, Danielly, Fábio B. Goularte, and Renato Fileto. "Short Semantic Patterns: A Linguistic Pattern Mining Approach for Content Analysis Applied to Hate Speech." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 29, no. 02 (March 2020): 2040002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213020400023.

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Microblog posts such as tweets frequently contain users’ opinions and thoughts about events, products, people, institutions, etc. However, the usage of social media to prop-agate hate speech is not an uncommon occurrence. Analyzing hateful speech in social media is essential for understanding, fighting and discouraging such actions. We believe that by extracting fragments of text that are semantically similar it is possible to depict recurrent linguistic patterns in certain kinds of discourse. Therefore, we aim to use these patterns to encapsulate frequent statements textually expressed in microblog posts. In this paper, we propose to exploit such linguistic patterns in the context of hate speech. Through a technique that we call SSP (Short Semantic Pattern) mining, we are able to extract sequences of words that share a similar meaning in their word embedding representation. By analyzing the extracted patterns, we reveal some kinds of discourses that are replayed across a dataset, such as racist and sexist statements. Afterwards, we experiment using SSP as features to build classifiers that detect if a tweet contains hate speech (binary classification) and to distinguish between sexist, racist and clean tweets (ternary classification). The SSP instances encountered in tweets containing sexism have shown that a large number of sexist tweets began with the introduction ‘I’m not sexist but’ and ‘Call me sexist but’. Meanwhile, SSP instances found in tweets reproducing racism revealed a prominence of contents against the Islamic religion, associated entities and organizations.

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Stylios, George K., and Meixuan Chen. "The Concept of Psychotextiles; Interactions between Changing Patterns and the Human Visual Brain, by a Novel Composite SMART Fabric." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030725.

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A new SMART fabric concept is reported in which visual changes of the material are designed to influence different human emotions. This is achieved by developing a novel electrochromic composite yarn, knitted into pattern-changing fabrics, which has high response in temperature change and uniform contrast. The influence of these pattern-changing effects on the response of the human visual brain is investigated further by using event-related potential (ERP). Four SMART pattern-changing fabric pairs were used in this experiment. Each fabric presents two patterns interactively with different, but complementary or opposing, pattern attributes. 20 participants took part in the experiment, in which they were exposed to the patterns, while their visual brain activities were recorded. Comparisons of the three prominent ERP components; P1, N1, and P2 that correspond to the two patterns of each fabric have shown significant differences in the latency and amplitude of these components. These differences show that patterns and pattern-changing cause different visual impacts and that these changes influence our level of attention and processing effort. The study concludes that with the pattern changing ability of these thermochromic hybrid materials we can create designs with attributes that can directly manipulate user emotions, which we like to call ‘psychotextiles’. Our study also poses much wider questions of our image processing process in relation to design and art.

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Norgaard, Martin. "How Jazz Musicians Improvise." Music Perception 31, no. 3 (December 2012): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2014.31.3.271.

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It is well known that jazz improvisations include repeated rhythmic and melodic patterns. What is less understood is how those patterns come to be. One theory posits that entire motor patterns are stored in procedural memory and inserted into an ongoing improvisation. An alternative view is that improvisers use procedures based on the rules of tonal jazz to create an improvised output. This output may contain patterns but these patterns are accidental and not stored in procedural memory for later use. The current study used a novel computer-based technique to analyze a large corpus of 48 improvised solos by the jazz great Charlie Parker. To be able to compare melodic patterns independent of absolute pitch, all pitches were converted to directional intervals listed in half steps. Results showed that 82.6% of the notes played begin a 4-interval pattern and 57.6% begin interval and rhythm patterns. The mean number of times the 4-interval pattern on each note position is repeated in the solos analyzed was 26.3 and patterns up to 49-intervals in length were identified. The sheer ubiquity of patterns and the pairing of pitch and rhythm patterns support the theory that pre-formed structures are inserted during improvisation. The patterns may be encoded both during deliberate practice and through an incidental learning processes. These results align well with related processes in both language acquisition and motor learning.

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Dimashkieh, Reda Mohiddin, Mohiddin R. Dimashkieh, and Amir M. Dimashkieh. "Simplifying Direct Pattern Technique using Fiber Post." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 6, no. 2 (2016): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1149.

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ABSTRACT Direct intraoral fabrication of cast post and core restorations for endodontically treated teeth can be challenging and time consuming. In addition, accurate intraoral fabrication of resin patterns with intracervicular margins is not always possible as a result of restricted access and difficult isolation. This article presents a direct-indirect method that uses different diameters of prefabricated posts as fiber post and polyvinyl siloxane material as a mold for fabrication of multiple post patterns. How to cite this article Dimashkieh RM, Dimashkieh MR, Dimashkieh AM. Simplifying Direct Pattern Technique using Fiber Post. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):25-27.

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Butler, Stephen F., Natasha K. Oyedele, Taryn Dailey Govoni, and Jody L. Green. "How Motivations for Using Buprenorphine Products Differ From Using Opioid Analgesics: Evidence from an Observational Study of Internet Discussions Among Recreational Users." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): e16038. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16038.

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Background Opioid use disorder (OUD) poses medical and societal concerns. Although most individuals with OUD in the United States are not in drug abuse treatment, buprenorphine is considered a safe and effective OUD treatment, which reduces illicit opioid use, mortality, and other drug-related harms. However, as buprenorphine prescriptions increase, so does evidence of misused, abused, or diverted buprenorphine. Users’ motivations for extratreatment use of buprenorphine (ie, misuse or abuse of one’s own prescription or use of diverted medication) may be different from the motivations involved in analgesic opioid products. Previous research is based on small sample sizes and use surveys, and none directly compare the motivations for using buprenorphine products (ie, tablet or film) with other opioid products having known abuse potential. Objective The aim of the study was to describe and compare the motivation-to-use buprenorphine products, including buprenorphine/naloxone (BNX) sublingual film and oxycodone extended-release (ER), as discussed in online forums. Methods Web-based posts from 2012 to 2016 were collected from online forums using the Web Informed Services internet monitoring archive. A random sample of posts was coded for motivation to use. These posts were coded into the following motivation categories: (1) use to avoid withdrawal, (2) pain relief, (3) tapering from other drugs, (4) opioid addiction treatment, (5) recreational use (ie, to get high), and (6) other use. Oxycodone ER, an opioid analgesic with known abuse potential, was selected as a comparator. Results Among all posts, 0.81% (30,576/3,788,922) discussed motivation to use one of the target products. The examination of query-selected posts revealed significantly greater discussion of buprenorphine products than oxycodone ER (P<.001). The posts mentioning buprenorphine products were more likely than oxycodone ER to discuss treatment for OUD, tapering down use, and/or withdrawal management (P<.001). Buprenorphine-related posts discussed recreational use (375/1020, 36.76%), although much less often than in oxycodone ER posts (425/508, 83.7%). Despite some differences, the overall pattern of motivation to use was similar for BNX sublingual film and other buprenorphine products. Conclusions An analysis of spontaneous, Web-based discussion among recreational substance users who post on online drug forums supports the contention that motivation-to-use patterns associated with buprenorphine products are different from those reported for oxycodone ER. Although the findings presented here are not expected to reflect the actual use of the target products, they may represent the interests and motivations of those posting on the online forums. Buprenorphine-related posts were more likely to discuss treatment for OUD, tapering, and withdrawal management than oxycodone ER. Although the findings are consistent with a purported link between the limited availability of medication-assisted therapies for substance use disorders and use of diverted buprenorphine products for self-treatment, recreational use was a motivation expressed in more than one-third of buprenorphine posts.

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Mears, Alex, Sarah Pajak, Tim Kendall, Cornelius Katona, Jibby Medina, Peter Huxley, Sherrill Evans, and Claire Gately. "Consultant psychiatrists' working patterns." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 7 (July 2007): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.011650.

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Aims and MethodTo explore relationships between different styles of working and measures of occupational pressure in consultant psychiatrists. A random sample of 500 consultant psychiatrists were sent a questionnaire about working patterns and lifestyle factors, with other sections using validated tools (such as the 12-item General Health Questionnaire; GHQ).ResultsThere were 185 useable questionnaires returned (an adjusted response rate of 39%). Significant relationships were identified between job content and GHQ and burnout scores, indicating that occupational pressures are rendering some consultant posts ‘problem posts', leading to problematic levels of psychological distress among some consultants.Clinical ImplicationsAlthough consultant psychiatrists are more satisfied than not with their jobs, steps need to be taken to address the causes of ‘problem posts', to reduce attrition in the most pressured individuals.

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Qasim, Muhammad, Danish Mahmood, Asifa Bibi, Mehedi Masud, Ghufran Ahmed, Suleman Khan, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, and Syed Jawad Hussain. "PCA-Based Advanced Local Octa-Directional Pattern (ALODP-PCA): A Texture Feature Descriptor for Image Retrieval." Electronics 11, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020202.

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This paper presents a novel feature descriptor termed principal component analysis (PCA)-based Advanced Local Octa-Directional Pattern (ALODP-PCA) for content-based image retrieval. The conventional approaches compare each pixel of an image with certain neighboring pixels providing discrete image information. The descriptor proposed in this work utilizes the local intensity of pixels in all eight directions of its neighborhood. The local octa-directional pattern results in two patterns, i.e., magnitude and directional, and each is quantized into a 40-bin histogram. A joint histogram is created by concatenating directional and magnitude histograms. To measure similarities between images, the Manhattan distance is used. Moreover, to maintain the computational cost, PCA is applied, which reduces the dimensionality. The proposed methodology is tested on a subset of a Multi-PIE face dataset. The dataset contains almost 800,000 images of over 300 people. These images carries different poses and have a wide range of facial expressions. Results were compared with state-of-the-art local patterns, namely, the local tri-directional pattern (LTriDP), local tetra directional pattern (LTetDP), and local ternary pattern (LTP). The results of the proposed model supersede the work of previously defined work in terms of precision, accuracy, and recall.

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Bendimerad, Anes, Ahmad Mel, Jefrey Lijffijt, Marc Plantevit, Céline Robardet, and Tijl De Bie. "SIAS-miner: mining subjectively interesting attributed subgraphs." Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 34, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 355–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10618-019-00664-w.

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AbstractData clustering, local pattern mining, and community detection in graphs are three mature areas of data mining and machine learning. In recent years, attributed subgraph mining has emerged as a new powerful data mining task in the intersection of these areas. Given a graph and a set of attributes for each vertex, attributed subgraph mining aims to find cohesive subgraphs for which (some of) the attribute values have exceptional values. The principled integration of graph and attribute data poses two challenges: (1) the definition of a pattern syntax (the abstract form of patterns) that is intuitive and lends itself to efficient search, and (2) the formalization of the interestingness of such patterns. We propose an integrated solution to both of these challenges. The proposed pattern syntax improves upon prior work in being both highly flexible and intuitive. Plus, we define an effective and principled algorithm to enumerate patterns of this syntax. The proposed approach for quantifying interestingness of these patterns is rooted in information theory, and is able to account for background knowledge on the data. While prior work quantified the interestingness for the cohesion of the subgraph and for the exceptionality of its attributes separately, then combining these in a parameterized trade-off, we instead handle this trade-off implicitly in a principled, parameter-free manner. Empirical results confirm we can efficiently find highly interesting subgraphs.

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Schiebel, Perrin E., Jennifer M. Rieser, Alex M. Hubbard, Lillian Chen, D. Zeb Rocklin, and Daniel I. Goldman. "Mechanical diffraction reveals the role of passive dynamics in a slithering snake." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 11 (February 25, 2019): 4798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808675116.

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Limbless animals like snakes inhabit most terrestrial environments, generating thrust to overcome drag on the elongate body via contacts with heterogeneities. The complex body postures of some snakes and the unknown physics of most terrestrial materials frustrates understanding of strategies for effective locomotion. As a result, little is known about how limbless animals contend with unplanned obstacle contacts. We studied a desert snake, Chionactis occipitalis, which uses a stereotyped head-to-tail traveling wave to move quickly on homogeneous sand. In laboratory experiments, we challenged snakes to move across a uniform substrate and through a regular array of force-sensitive posts. The snakes were reoriented by the array in a manner reminiscent of the matter-wave diffraction of subatomic particles. Force patterns indicated the animals did not change their self-deformation pattern to avoid or grab the posts. A model using open-loop control incorporating previously described snake muscle activation patterns and body-buckling dynamics reproduced the observed patterns, suggesting a similar control strategy may be used by the animals. Our results reveal how passive dynamics can benefit limbless locomotors by allowing robust transit in heterogeneous environments with minimal sensing.

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Haridy, Yara, Bryan M. Gee, Florian Witzmann, Joseph J. Bevitt, and Robert R. Reisz. "Retention of fish-like odontode overgrowth in Permian tetrapod dentition supports outside-in theory of tooth origins." Biology Letters 15, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 20190514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0514.

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Teeth are often thought of as structures that line the margins of the mouth; however, tooth-like structures called odontodes are commonly found on the dermal bones of many Palaeozoic vertebrates including early jawless fishes. ‘Odontode’ is a generalized term for all tooth-like dentine structures that have homologous tissues and development. This definition includes true teeth and the odontodes of early ‘fishes’, which have been recently examined to gain new insights into the still unresolved origin of teeth. Two leading hypotheses are frequently referenced in this debate: the ‘outside-in’ hypothesis, which posits that dermal odontodes evolutionarily migrate into the oral cavity, and the ‘inside-out’ hypothesis, which posits that teeth originated in the oropharyngeal cavity and then moved outwards into the oral cavity. Here, we show that, unlike the well-known one-to-one replacement patterns of marginal dentition, the palatal dentition of the early Permian tetrapods, including the dissorophoid amphibian Cacops and the early reptile Captorhinus , is overgrown by a new layer of bone to which the newest teeth are then attached. This same overgrowth pattern has been well documented in dermal and oral odontodes (i.e. teeth) of early fishes . We propose that this pattern represents the primitive condition for vertebrates and may even predate the origin of jaws. Therefore, this pattern crosses the fish–tetrapod transition, and the retention of this ancestral pattern in the palatal dentition of early terrestrial tetrapods provides strong support for the ‘outside-in’ hypothesis of tooth origins.

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Arora, Kumud, and Poonam Garg. "Fusion of Logically Concatenated Cross Binary Pattern and ε-Dragging Linear Regression for Face Classification across Poses." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2020.10.1.906.

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Liu, Dong, Zhi-Lei Ren, Zhong-Tian Long, Guo-Jun Gao, and He Jiang. "Mining Design Pattern Use Scenarios and Related Design Pattern Pairs: A Case Study on Online Posts." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 963–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-020-0407-4.

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Neuilly, Melanie-Angela, Ming-Li Hsieh, Alex Kigerl, and Zachary K. Hamilton. "Data Missingness Patterns in Homicide Datasets: An Applied Test on a Primary Data Set." Violence and Victims 35, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 589–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-17-00189.

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Research on homicide missing data conventionally posits a Missing At Random pattern despite the relationship between missing data and clearance. The latter, however, cannot be satisfactorily modeled using variables traditionally available in homicide datasets. For this reason, it has been argued that missingness in homicide data follows a Nonignorable pattern instead. Hence, the use of multiple imputation strategies as recommended in the field for ignorable patterns would thus pose a threat to the validity of results obtained in such a way. This study examines missing data mechanisms by using a set of primary data collected in New Jersey. After comparing Listwise Deletion, Multiple Imputation, Propensity Score Matching, and Log-Multiplicative Association Models, our findings underscore that data in homicide datasets are indeed Missing Not At Random.

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ŚLOT, KRZYSZTOF, ŁUKASZ KORNATOWSKI, PIOTR DȨBIEC, and HYONGSUK KIM. "GENERATION OF COMPLEX STOCHASTIC TEXTURES USING CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 09 (September 2007): 3171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127407018932.

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The following paper explores possibilities of an application of Cellular Neural Networks for spontaneous generation of complex stochastic textures. The considered class of textures includes images, which are combinations of large-scale and fine-scale stochastic patterns. Accurate modeling of properties of such complex stochastic fields by means of a single 1-neighborhood CNN poses great difficulties. Therefore, we propose a method that exploits texture decomposition into two elements and involves an application of two networks, designated for performing distinct partial tasks. The first step of the proposed CNN-based texture generation procedure focuses on modeling of a coarse, large-scale textural pattern. The second step refines this pattern into a final image that is expected to closely imitate a target texture.

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Hughes, Anna E., David Griffiths, Jolyon Troscianko, and Laura A. Kelley. "The evolution of patterning during movement in a large-scale citizen science game." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1942 (January 13, 2021): 20202823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2823.

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The motion dazzle hypothesis posits that high contrast geometric patterns can cause difficulties in tracking a moving target and has been argued to explain the patterning of animals such as zebras. Research to date has only tested a small number of patterns, offering equivocal support for the hypothesis. Here, we take a genetic programming approach to allow patterns to evolve based on their fitness (time taken to capture) and thus find the optimal strategy for providing protection when moving. Our ‘Dazzle Bug’ citizen science game tested over 1.5 million targets in a touch screen game at a popular visitor attraction. Surprisingly, we found that targets lost pattern elements during evolution and became closely background matching. Modelling results suggested that targets with lower motion energy were harder to catch. Our results indicate that low contrast, featureless targets offer the greatest protection against capture when in motion, challenging the motion dazzle hypothesis.

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Schaefer, Ronald P. "Lexicalizing directional and nondirectional motion in Emai." Studies in African Linguistics 17, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v17i2.107491.

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Motion expressions in Emai, an Edoid language of Nigeria, are examined within the lexical typology of Talmy [1985]. Both directional and nondirectional motion structures involving the MANNER verb la 'to run' are analyzed, though only the former, syntactically expressed by verbs in continuous series, poses a particular problem for interpretation. Three hypotheses concerning the semantic composition of these serial verbs are considered and evaluated in terms of their distributional constraints. It is concluded that nondirectional motion can be lexicalized by either of two patterns [MOTION+MANNER] PATH or MOTION PATH ... MANNER, while directional motion allows only the single lexicalization pattern MANNER [MOTION+PATH]. Typologically, these reflect two of the incorporation patterns Talmy has identified as characteristic in languages of the world.

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Katsamakis, Sokratis, Mark Timmerman, Ubele Van der Velden, Michiel de Cleen, and Fridus Van der Weijden. "Patterns of bone loss around teeth restored with endodontic posts." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 36, no. 11 (November 2009): 940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01465.x.

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Valsamidis, Antonios, Grzegorz Różyński, and Dominic Reeve. "WAVE TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS AT A NON-TIDAL, DISSIPATIVE BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 15, 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.posters.19.

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In this study, the statistical method of the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) was applied in order to gain insight into the interaction of nearshore wave climate and the morphological evolution of the seabed at Lubiatowo beach in Poland. Lubiatowo, a non-tidal, sandy beach characterized by multiple longshore bars (Figure 1) is typical of Southern Baltic coasts. In the past, this method has also been used in the coastal field by Larson et al. (2000). Rozinsky (2003) also used the CCA to find a correlation between components of a multibar system and the interaction between the multiple longshore bars. Elsewhere, Horrillo-Caraballo and Reeve (2008), examined the performance of CCA-based at Duck (USA).

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van der Veere, Anoma P. "The Technological Utopia: Mimamori Care and Family Separation in Japan." Asiascape: Digital Asia 6, no. 3 (November 8, 2019): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340111.

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Abstract Japan is undergoing a significant demographic upheaval, and the Japanese government is formulating policies for stimulating technological advances based on the assumption that they will solve issues such as labour shortages and elder care. The government argues through policy initiatives that technology will decrease the care burden on Japan’s workers, families, and itself. Although the domestic media show awareness of changing family patterns in Japan, newspapers are following a similar pattern of technological utopianism. However, this article posits that the proposed policy reforms rely on a conservative ideal of the extended family that ignores changing patterns in Japanese households. Moreover, it argues that, rather than facilitating a return to the ideal of an extended family, technology is exacerbating separation among families that have been growing apart for some time.

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Ferrarini, Isacco, Francesca Gandini, Ettore Zapparoli, and Antonella Rigo. "Two Distinct Clinical Patterns of Ibrutinib-to-Venetoclax Transition in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients." Current Oncology 29, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 2792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29040227.

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Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) relapsing on ibrutinib are often treated with the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. However, the transition from one agent to another poses some clinical challenges due to disease flares sometimes occurring right after ibrutinib interruption. Here, we describe three clinical vignettes highlighting two distinct patterns of ibrutinib-to-venetoclax transition. While patients following the favorable pattern transited to venetoclax without experiencing disease flare, the one patient who took the unfavorable path showed rapid disease rebound, with large-cell transformation occurring one week after ibrutinib interruption. A high burden of BTK and PLCG2 mutations was found only in patients with the favorable transition pattern, suggesting that removing BTK inhibition might be particularly harmful if CLL cells are progressing through mechanisms external to the BTK axis.

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Arisha, Mohammed J., Ahmad Hallak, and Ahmad Khan. "A Rare Presentation of a Rare Entity: Wellens Syndrome with Subtle Terminal T Wave Changes." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2019 (September 16, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1582030.

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Wellens syndrome is an electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern involving T waves in precordial leads that was first described in 1982 among a group of patients presenting with unstable angina suggestive of critical stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary. It is crucial for emergency physicians and internists to be able to recognize these patterns, as they occur in the symptom-free periods and represent a pre-infarction state that needs early intervention. Type A, which is characterized by biphasic T waves, mainly in V2 and V3, poses a significant challenge to recognize the pattern, and failure to do so can lead to devastating outcome. We report a case of type A Wellens syndrome with subtle T wave changes that went unnoticed during the initial assessment and led to start off on a wrong foot.

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Vital, Rafael de Assunção, Jessica Silva Ribeiro, and Sicknan Soares da Rocha. "Evaluation of the pattern dimensions of cast-metal posts in uniradicular teeth." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 44, no. 2 (April 2015): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.1066.

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Introduction Accurate dimensions of cast-metal posts are relevant to the survival of dental prostheses. Objective The aim of this study was to verify if the dimensions of cast-metal posts accord with ideal clinical criteria. Material and method For the evaluation, 285 periapical radiographs, from a total of 80 teeth, were taken from the charts of patients that attended the clinics at the Dental School of the Federal University of Goiás, from March 2008 to October 2012. Only periapical radiographs of single-rooted teeth with post and core were included in the study. The radiographic evaluation was conducted with the assistance of a magnifying glass and a view box, in a room with low luminosity. The dimensions of the post and core were established with the help of a digital caliper, and the following measurements were considered: a) LR (Length Remnant); b) LP (Length Post); c) BS (Bone Support); d) DR (Diameter Root); e) DP (mesiodistal diameter post). The post and core were classified as acceptable or deficient by reference values with a margin of error of 0.2 mm. For descriptive analysis, the data were cataloged using SPSS software (version 17.0). Result With regard to the length of the post and core, only 26.25% and 43.75% of the post and core were classified as acceptable according to the two-thirds rule and fulcrum dental rule, respectively. With regard to the mesiodistal diameter of the post and core, 55% were classified as acceptable. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the cast-metal posts evaluated do not accord with the ideal clinical criteria.

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Бимбереков, Павел, and Pavel Bimberekov. "GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF FREE-SURFACE WAVE FIELDS FROM MOVING SHIPS AND A PAIR OF CONSECUTIVE POSTS." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2019, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2019-4-7-22.

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The paper presents a comparison of the photographic material of the wave patterns resulted from the movement of a ship in situ and a model ship, as well as from two consecutive posts, their regularities being found through graphical processing. The possibility to find the fore imaginary source of Kelvin wave pattern forming the ship's wave system is given at a distance of one wavelength before the top of the bow retaining wave. The equality of the length of trans-verse waves and divergent waves along the outer boundaries of the latter zone is fixed. It has been assumed that the intermediate waves generated between the main waves in the model ship and the posts are regular, imposition of wave patterns in a pair of consistently moving racks depending on the hit of the rear rack in the wave field of the first rack has been stated. Regularly occurring flows around moving posts are discussed. The bow and stern system of Kelvin waves in a ship wave sys-tem has been illustrated (the angle of the midpoint of diverging wave crests with the ship’s diamet-rical plane and the angle of diverging wave crests with the ship’s diametrical plane). The photo-graphs presented were taken in the experimental tank of Siberian State University of Water Transport (Novosibirsk State Academy of Water Transport) in 2006. A thin film naturally generat-ed on the water surface of the experimental tank and given a structure directed along the tank due to previous runs helped to visualize the distortion of the free water surface in better quality and to obtain clearly outlined contours in lighting.

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Gong, Junfang, Shengwen Li, and Jay Lee. "Space, time, and disease on social media: a case study of dengue fever in China." Geomatica 72, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2018-0016.

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It is possible to generate real-time and location-by-location data of many types of human dynamic events based on social media information for the awareness of events in public health. Analyzing these events is useful in understanding spatiotemporal trends and patterns of how diseases spread and also provides indications for users’ sentiment about the concerned disease. This article examines the spatial and temporal patterns of social media posts based on the content, attributes, and follower activities of posts on social media. We describe the spatial features of the topic discussed in the posts and the spatial relationship among comments on the posts. We present models for describing the diffusion process of these posts and for exploring their spatiotemporal patterns. Our results suggest that (1) the long-term trends of the topics in users’ views seem to be stable, (2) results from analyzing follower activities of posts are critical in describing the spatial patterns of the posts, and (3) the diffusion process of an event in social media is still similar to that of a traditional information diffusion model. Our findings are useful for understanding social media and social events. The processes we describe in this article suggest a standard form of analysis that can be adopted for extracting spatiotemporal patterns of information diffusion and for data mining in social media posts.

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Torres, Carlos Rocha Gomes, Eduardo Galera da Silva, Ana Paula Martins Gomes, Clovis Pagani, Ana Claudia Carvalho Xavier, and Maria Beatriz Beber Kamozaki. "Comparison of Different Ultrasonic Tip Angulations on Time Required for Cast Post Removal." World Journal of Dentistry 5, no. 3 (2014): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1277.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to design, develop and compare ultrasound tips with different angulations on time required for cast post removal. Materials and methods To test and compare the ultrasonic tips developed, 36 metal patterns were fabricated from tin bars, on a mechanical precision lathe. Each metal pattern simulated an endodontically treated tooth, without coronal remaining, prepared to receive a cast post with 10 mm long. The cast posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. The metal patterns with their respective intraradicular posts cemented were stored at 37°C, at relative humidity 100%, for a period of 48 hours. After this period, the specimens were randomly divided into three groups, and each group was submitted to the action of one of the ultrasonic tips (n = 12): G1—tip with 30° angulation; G2—tip with 45° angulation and G3—tip without angulation (straight tip). Each ultrasonic tip was used on the surfaces of the cast posts (mesial, distal, buccal, lingual and incisal) for 5 seconds, at maximum power, until the cast post removal using an ultrasound device (Jet Sonic, Satelec System, Gnatus, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil). The time required for cast posts removal was recorded and the data statistically analyzed by the ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results The means of time evaluated for cast posts removal were G1: 59.25s; G2: 119.0s and G3: 48.4s. Group 2 presented the highest mean value in seconds, differing statistically from G1 and G3. No significant differences were observed between G1 and G3. Conclusion It may be concluded that the ultrasonic tip angulation had a direct influence on the time required for cast posts removal by ultrasound. When the different ultrasonic tips were compared, the 30° angulation and the straight tips required a shorter ultrasonic vibration time. All cast posts luted with zinc phosphate were successfully removed in a relatively short time by the different ultrasonic tips analyzed. How to cite this article da Silva EG, Xavier ACC, Kamozaki MBB, Gomes APM, Torres CRG, Pagani C. Comparison of Different Ultrasonic Tip Angulations on Time Required for Cast Post Removal. World J Dent 2014;5(3):147-151.

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Guo, Fangtai, Zaixing He, Shuyou Zhang, and Xinyue Zhao. "Estimation of 3D human hand poses with structured pose prior." IET Computer Vision 13, no. 8 (December 2019): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2018.5480.

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Pietroni, Nico, Corentin Dumery, Raphael Falque, Mark Liu, Teresa Vidal-Calleja, and Olga Sorkine-Hornung. "Computational pattern making from 3D garment models." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 4 (July 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530145.

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We propose a method for computing a sewing pattern of a given 3D garment model. Our algorithm segments an input 3D garment shape into patches and computes their 2D parameterization, resulting in pattern pieces that can be cut out of fabric and sewn together to manufacture the garment. Unlike the general state-of-the-art approaches for surface cutting and flattening, our method explicitly targets garment fabrication. It accounts for the unique properties and constraints of tailoring, such as seam symmetry, the usage of darts, fabric grain alignment, and a flattening distortion measure that models woven fabric deformation, respecting its anisotropic behavior. We bootstrap a recent patch layout approach developed for quadrilateral remeshing and adapt it to the purpose of computational pattern making, ensuring that the deformation of each pattern piece stays within prescribed bounds of cloth stress. While our algorithm can automatically produce the sewing patterns, it is fast enough to admit user input to creatively iterate on the pattern design. Our method can take several target poses of the 3D garment into account and integrate them into the sewing pattern design. We demonstrate results on both skintight and loose garments, showcasing the versatile application possibilities of our approach.

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Shen, Cuihua, Anfan Chen, Chen Luo, Jingwen Zhang, Bo Feng, and Wang Liao. "Using Reports of Symptoms and Diagnoses on Social Media to Predict COVID-19 Case Counts in Mainland China: Observational Infoveillance Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 28, 2020): e19421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19421.

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Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. This disease poses an extraordinary challenge for public health systems because screening and surveillance capacity is often severely limited, especially during the beginning of the outbreak; this can fuel the outbreak, as many patients can unknowingly infect other people. Objective The aim of this study was to collect and analyze posts related to COVID-19 on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media site in China. To our knowledge, this infoveillance study employs the largest, most comprehensive, and most fine-grained social media data to date to predict COVID-19 case counts in mainland China. Methods We built a Weibo user pool of 250 million people, approximately half the entire monthly active Weibo user population. Using a comprehensive list of 167 keywords, we retrieved and analyzed around 15 million COVID-19–related posts from our user pool from November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. We developed a machine learning classifier to identify “sick posts,” in which users report their own or other people’s symptoms and diagnoses related to COVID-19. Using officially reported case counts as the outcome, we then estimated the Granger causality of sick posts and other COVID-19 posts on daily case counts. For a subset of geotagged posts (3.10% of all retrieved posts), we also ran separate predictive models for Hubei province, the epicenter of the initial outbreak, and the rest of mainland China. Results We found that reports of symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 significantly predicted daily case counts up to 14 days ahead of official statistics, whereas other COVID-19 posts did not have similar predictive power. For the subset of geotagged posts, we found that the predictive pattern held true for both Hubei province and the rest of mainland China regardless of the unequal distribution of health care resources and the outbreak timeline. Conclusions Public social media data can be usefully harnessed to predict infection cases and inform timely responses. Researchers and disease control agencies should pay close attention to the social media infosphere regarding COVID-19. In addition to monitoring overall search and posting activities, leveraging machine learning approaches and theoretical understanding of information sharing behaviors is a promising approach to identify true disease signals and improve the effectiveness of infoveillance.

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Velho, Helder Callegaro, Paolo Baldissara, Jovito Adiel Skupien, and Vinicius Felipe Wandscher. "Fracture load and shear stress of prefabricated glass fiber posts." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (November 18, 2019): e191561. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657253.

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Aim: This study evaluated the fracture load and pattern failure of different prefabricated glass fiber posts (GFPs) of the same diameter. Methods: Seventy-eight (n=13 for six groups) GFPs of 1.6 mm coronal diameter of different brands were evaluated— Exacto (Angelus), Power Post (BM4), White Post DC (FGM), HiRem (Overfibers), MAQ (Maquira), and SD (Supordont). The posts were subjected to fracture load testing (45° of inclination and 1 mm/min until fracture). Each factor (load (N) and shear stress (MPa)) was analyzed separately using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: The type of failure was evaluated on a stereomicroscope (×10). The Power Post samples presented higher values of fracture load (p<0.001) followed by Maquira fiber post, White Post , HiRem, Superpost, and the Exacto posts. The failure pattern observed was intralaminar mode II in-plane shear, such as a failure occur parallel to fibers. Conclusion: Despite the same diameter of GFPs, the fracture load and shear resistance were brand-dependent.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pattern posets'

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