Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pattern markings

Academic literature on the topic 'Pattern markings'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pattern markings"

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Augustyn, Jason S., M. R. Fletcher, Caroline R. Mahoney, and Edward Hirsch. "Watching Where You're Going: An Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Attention during Walking." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 18 (October 2007): 1195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101830.

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Dual task methodology and eye-tracking were used to examine how attention is allocated when walking over terrain of varying complexity. Volunteers completed six test sessions in which they walked for 30 minutes with one of three terrain conditions (no markings, irregular markings, irregular markings). While walking, volunteers also performed a secondary vigilance task with targets placed at either eye level or ground level. Results showed that accuracy on the secondary task declined as terrain complexity increased. Median RT was also significantly faster with no markings than either marking condition. In addition, RTs were faster with the targets at eye level for all marking patterns except the irregular pattern. These data show that walking over varied terrain impacts vigilance.
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Huang, Junjie, Zhiling Wang, Huawei Liang, Linglong Lin, Biao Yu, Fei Dong, and Yan Xu. "Lane Marking Detection Based on Segments with Upper and Lower Structure." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (June 14, 2019): 2055005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420550058.

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An effective and accurate lane marking detection algorithm is a fundamental element of the intelligent vehicle system and the advanced driver assistant system, which can provide important information to ensure the vehicle runs in the lane or warn the driver in case of lane departure. However, in the complex urban environment, lane markings are always affected by illumination, shadow, rut, water, other vehicles, abandoned old lane markings and non-lane markings, etc. Meanwhile, the lane markings are weak caused by hard use over time. The dash and curve lane marking detection is also a challenge. In this paper, a new lane marking detection algorithm for urban traffic is proposed. In the low-level phase, an iterative adaptive threshold method is used for image segmentation, which is especially suitable for the blurred and weakened lane markings caused by low illumination or wear. In the middle-level phase, the algorithm clusters the candidate pixels into line segments, and the upper and lower structure is used to cluster the line segments into candidate lanes, which is more suitable for curve and dashed lane markings. In the high-level phase, we compute the highest scores to get the two optimal lane markings. The optimal strategy can exclude interference similar to lane markings. We test our algorithm on Future Challenge TSD-Lane dataset and KITTI UM dataset. The results show our algorithm can effectively detect lane markings under multiple disturbance, occlusions and sharp curves.
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Retting, Richard A., Hugh W. McGee, and Charles M. Farmer. "Influence of Experimental Pavement Markings on Urban Freeway Exit-Ramp Traffic Speeds." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1705, no. 1 (January 2000): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1705-17.

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Motor vehicle crashes on curved roadway sections occur more frequently and tend to be more severe than those on straight sections. Speed is a significant factor in many crashes that occur on curves. The effects on traffic speeds of special pavement markings intended to reduce speeds on freeway exit ramps with horizontal curves were examined. An experimental pavement marking pattern was employed that narrowed the lane width of both the curve and a portion of the tangent section leading into the curve by use of a gradual inward taper of existing edgeline or exit gore pavement markings or both. Traffic speeds were analyzed before and after installation of the pavement markings at four experimental ramps in New York and Virginia. Results indicated that the markings were generally effective in reducing speeds of passenger vehicles and large trucks. The markings were associated with significant reductions in the percentages of passenger vehicles and large trucks exceeding posted exit-ramp advisory speeds.
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Simmons, Carole, Karen Mahach, Dick Knoblauch, Marsha Nitzburg, Sam Tignor, and Kathryn Wochinger. "Field Evaluation of Ultraviolet (UV)-Activated Fluorescent Roadway Delineation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 2 (October 1997): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041002192.

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A field test was conducted at the Federal Highway Administration's Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center to determine whether the use of UV headlamps in conjunction with fluorescent pavement markings could increase the visibility of roadway delineation. A passenger car was equipped with headlamps that supply UV radiation in a highbeam pattern, in addition to conventional halogen headlamps. Subjects rated the visibility of three types of pavement markings (standard paint, standard thermoplastic, and UV-activated fluorescent thermoplastic) as seen under conventional lowbeam headlamps with auxiliary UV headlamps either on or off. Results showed that UV-activated fluorescent pavement markings provided a significant increase in visibility when viewed with UV headlamps on vs. UV headlamps off, and also provided better visibility than the other marking types. This suggests that the use of UV-headlamps in combination with UV-activated fluorescent pavement markings and other traffic control devices could lead to improvements in nighttime driving visibility.
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DUARTE, Mel de Oliveira, Tiago Magalhães da Silva FREITAS, and Ana Lúcia da Costa PRUDENTE. "Polychromatism of populations of Corallus hortulanus (Squamata: Boidae) from the southern Amazon Basin, Brazil." Acta Amazonica 45, no. 4 (December 2015): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201500603.

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The Amazon tree boa Corallus hortulanus is known for featuring a wide variation in color pattern and design markings. Although there are studies on its polychromatism, none of them addresses the geographic variation in the color pattern of this species. The aim of this study was to describe the chromatic variation found in the populations of C. hortulanus from the southern Amazon Basin and its relationship with geographic distribution of the species. Analysis of both design markings and color patterns on 112 C. hortulanus specimens from the southern Amazon Basin interfluves resulted in the identification of six distinct morphotypes. Grayish-brown coloration and elongated diamond-shaped patterns were the most frequent patterns. Two morphotypes showed a tendency of correlation with the geographical distribution of those species found in Madeira and Juruá Rivers. The small sample size does not allow for a robust conclusion on the possible cause of geographic variation. The distribution of morphological patterns of C. hortullanus in the Amazon Basin suggest that there is gene flow between populations, regardless of geographical distance and natural barriers. The variation in color pattern and markings may represent a phenotypic response to the characteristics of different habitats occupied by the species.
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Stevens, Martin, Innes C. Cuthill, Amy M. M. Windsor, and Hannah J. Walker. "Disruptive contrast in animal camouflage." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1600 (July 5, 2006): 2433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3614.

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Camouflage typically involves colour patterns that match the background. However, it has been argued that concealment may be achieved by strategic use of apparently conspicuous markings. Recent evidence supports the theory that the presence of contrasting patterns placed peripherally on an animal's body (disruptive coloration) provides survival advantages. However, no study has tested a key prediction from the early literature that disruptive coloration is effective even when some colour patches do not match the background and have a high contrast with both the background and adjacent pattern elements (disruptive contrast). We test this counter-intuitive idea that conspicuous patterns might aid concealment, using artificial moth-like targets with pattern elements designed to match or mismatch the average luminance (lightness) of the trees on which they were placed. Disruptive coloration was less effective when some pattern elements did not match the background luminance. However, even non-background-matching disruptive patterns reduced predation relative to equivalent non-disruptive patterns or to unpatterned controls. Therefore, concealment may still be achieved even when an animal possesses markings not found in the background. Disruptive coloration may allow animals to exploit backgrounds on which they are not perfectly matched, and to possess conspicuous markings while still retaining a degree of camouflage.
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Hansen, Dennis M., Timotheüs Van der Niet, and Steven D. Johnson. "Floral signposts: testing the significance of visual ‘nectar guides’ for pollinator behaviour and plant fitness." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1729 (July 27, 2011): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1349.

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Nectar guides, contrasting patterns on flowers that supposedly direct pollinators towards a concealed nectar reward, are taxonomically widespread. However, there have been few studies of their functional significance and effects on plant fitness. Most previous studies focused on pollinator behaviour and used artificial flowers in laboratory settings. We experimentally investigated the role of putative nectar guides in a natural system: the South African iris Lapeirousia oreogena , whose flowers have a clearly visible pattern of six white arrow-markings pointing towards the narrow entrance of the long corolla tube, and its sole pollinator, a long-proboscid nemestrinid fly. We painted over none, some or all of the white arrow-markings with ink that matched the colour of the corolla background. Although arrow-marking removal had little effect on the approaches by flies to flowers from a distance, it dramatically reduced the likelihood of proboscis insertion. Export of pollen dye analogue (an estimate of male fitness) was reduced to almost zero in flowers from which all nectar guides had been removed, and fruit set (a measure of female fitness) was also significantly reduced. Our results confirm that the markings on L. oreogena flowers serve as nectar guides and suggest that they are under strong selective maintenance through both male and female fitness components in this pollination system.
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Adeyemi, Oladimeji, Martins Irhebhude, and Adeola Kolawole. "Speed Breakers, Road Marking Detection and Recognition Using Image Processing Techniques." Advances in Image and Video Processing 7, no. 5 (November 8, 2019): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.75.7205.

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This paper presents a image processing technique for speed breaker, road marking detection and recognition. An Optical Character Recognition (OCR) algorithm was used to recognize traffic signs such as “STOP” markings and a Hough transform was used to detect line markings which serves as a pre-processing stage to determine when the proposed technique does OCR or speed breaker recognition. The stopline inclusion serves as a pre-processing stage that tells the system when to perform stop marking recognition or speed breaker recognition. Image processing techniques was used for the processing of features from the images. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) was extracted as features and employed to train the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for speed breaker recognition. Experimental results shows 79%, 100% “STOP” sign and speed breaker recognitions respectively. The proposed system goes very well for the roads which are constructed with proper painting irrespective of their dimension.
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Mckinnery, P. W. "The Use of Intraoperative Grid Pattern Markings in Lipoplasty." Yearbook of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery 2006 (January 2006): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-1513(08)70397-7.

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Spitzenberger, Friederike, and Edmund Weiss. "Conspicuous body markings in infant Myotis emarginatus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)." Lynx new series 48, no. 1 (2017): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2017-0016.

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Pups of Myotis emarginatus exhibit bold markings in their natal coat. They consist of a neck band, a dorsal middle stripe, and a diamond-shaped spot in the distal part of the back. Furthermore, the posterior side of the ears shows a conspicuous pattern. These markings slowly disappear in the course of lactation. Apparently, such temporary body markings in infant bats have not been described yet. Hypotheses concerning this phenomenon are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pattern markings"

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O'Connell, Sarah Christine. "Increasing the recognition distance of arrow symbol highway pavement signs." Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176405172.

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Hluchoweckyj, Lydia Theodosia. "Recognising road marking structures for autonomous vehicle navigation using computer vision." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357691.

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Bellamy, Robyn Lyle, and robyn bellamy@flinders edu au. "LIFE HISTORY AND CHEMOSENSORY COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL AUSTRALIAN LIZARD, EGERNIA WHITII." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902.

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ABSTRACT Social relationships, habitat utilisation and life history characteristics provide a framework which enables the survival of populations in fluctuating ecological conditions. An understanding of behavioural ecology is critical to the implementation of Natural Resource Management strategies if they are to succeed in their conservation efforts during the emergence of climate change. Egernia whitii from Wedge Island in the Spencer Gulf of South Australia were used as a model system to investigate the interaction of life history traits, scat piling behaviour and chemosensory communication in social lizards. Juveniles typically took ¡Ý 3 years to reach sexual maturity and the results of skeletochronological studies suggested longevity of ¡Ý 13 years. Combined with a mean litter size of 2.2, a pregnancy rate estimated at 75% of eligible females during short-term studies, and highly stable groups, this information suggests several life history features. Prolonged juvenile development and adult longevity may be prerequisite to the development of parental care. Parental care may, in turn, be the determining factor that facilitates the formation of small family groups. In E. whitii parental care takes the form of foetal and neonatal provisioning and tolerance of juveniles by small family or social groups within established resource areas. Presumably, resident juveniles also benefit from adult territorialism. Research on birds suggests that low adult mortality predisposes cooperative breeding or social grouping in birds, and life history traits and ecological factors appear to act together to facilitate cooperative systems. E. whitii practice scat piling both individually and in small groups. Social benefits arising from signalling could confer both cooperative and competitive benefits. Permanent territorial markers have the potential to benefit conspecifics, congenerics and other species. The high incidence of a skink species (E. whitii) refuging with a gecko species (N. milii) on Wedge Island provides an example of interspecific cooperation. The diurnal refuge of the nocturnal gecko is a useful transient shelter for the diurnal skink. Scat piling may release a species ¡®signature¡¯ for each group that allows mutual recognition. Scat piling also facilitates intraspecific scent marking by individual members, which has the potential to indicate relatedness, or social or sexual status within the group. The discovery of cloacal scent marking activity is new to the Egernia genus. E. Whitii differentiate between their own scats, and conspecific and congeneric scats. They scent mark at the site of conspecific scats, and males and females differ in their response to scent cues over time. Scat piling has the potential to make information concerning the social environment available to dispersing transient and potential immigrant conspecifics, enabling settlement choices to be made. This thesis explores some of the behavioural strategies employed by E. whitii to reduce risks to individuals within groups and between groups. Scents eliciting a range of behavioural responses relevant to the formation of adaptive social groupings, reproductive activity, and juvenile protection until maturity and dispersal are likely to be present in this species. Tests confirming chemosensory cues that differentiate sex, kin and age would be an interesting addition to current knowledge. The interaction of delayed maturity, parental care, sociality, chemosensory communication and scat piling highlights the sophistication of this species¡¯ behaviour. An alternative method for permanently marking lizards was developed. Persistence, reliability and individual discrimination were demonstrated using photographic identification and the method was shown to be reliable for broad-scale application by researchers. Naturally occurring toe loss in the field provided a context against which to examine this alternative identification method and revealed the need to further investigate the consequences of routine toe clipping, as this practice appears to diminish survivorship.
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Wespel, Johannes. "Descriptions and their domains the patterns of definiteness marking in French-related creoles /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-36543.

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Palma, Cristián R. (Cristián Ricardo). "The use of tarsal scale patterns to identify individual birds of prey." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23929.

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The ability to accurately identify individuals is required for the detailed study of animals. Numerous artificial markers have been developed for this purpose. Negative effects on survival, reproductive success and behavior have been reported for most marking methods, significantly affecting the very parameters being studied.
Birds of prey have suffered the shortcomings of artificial marking methods. In light of the known and potential deleterious effects of marking, attention has been focused on developing new techniques to identify individual raptors without attaching artificial markers.
This study investigated the use of tarsal scale patterns as unique individual identifiers in birds of prey. The American kestrel (Falco sparverius) was chosen as a model. Both legs of seventy-five kestrels were photographed over a two-year period.
Photographic comparisons of 150 scale patterns demonstrated the uniqueness of each and therefore its ability to be used as an individual's natural identifier. Furthermore, patterns were found to remain unchanged from one year to the next. These findings support the hypotheses that tarsal scale patterns are unique to each bird and do not change over time.
A method of coding the tarsal scale patterns was developed. These codes can be used in a computerized data base to significantly enhance the speed of pattern searches.
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Anderson, Carlos. "INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION OF POLAR BEARS BY WHISKER SPOT PATTERNS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3274.

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Many types of ecological studies require identification of individual animals. I developed and evaluated an automated identification system for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) based on their whisker spot patterns. First, I measured the reliability of using whisker spot patterns for identification from polar bear photographs taken in western Hudson Bay. This analysis involved estimating the complexity of each whisker spot pattern in terms of its information content. I found that 98% of patterns contained enough information to be reliable, and this result varied little among three different observers. Based on these results, I implemented a computer-aided identification system for polar bears based on whisker spot pattern recognition. I used standard computer vision techniques to pre-process images and the Chamfer distance transform to compute similary scores between images. In addition, I evaluated the system by testing the effects of photographic quality and angle on system accuracy. I found that excellent and moderate quality/angle provided best results, with system accuracy of 90-95%. These findings suggest that individual identification of polar bears in the field based on whisker spot pattern variation is possible. Researchers studying polar bear behavior or estimating population parameters should benefit from this noninvasive technique.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology MS
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Wespel, Johannes [Verfasser]. "Descriptions and their domains : the patterns of definiteness marking in French-related creoles / vorgelegt von Johannes Wespel." Stuttgart : Univ., SFB 732, 2008. http://d-nb.info/997239212/34.

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Munajat, Rama. "Discourse-based analysis of surface-marking strategy shift in Sundanese foregrounding written narrative segments : a pattern of Indonesian structural influence." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1370881.

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This present study examines the structural impact of language contact on discourse information marking in narrative. It focuses on the surface patterns and underlying linguistic principles used to describe the foregrounding events in traditional and modem short stories, written in Indonesian (the official language of Indonesia) and Sundanese (the native language of West Java province). These two languages have been in an intensive contact since 1945.The data indicate that aspect sets apart background from foreground, whereas tense distinguishes ordinary from significant within the background and foreground levels. Cross-linguistically, the ordinary background information appears in existential, stative, and progressive constructions, marked by the underlying past-tense and imperfective aspect; the significant background and significant foreground types occur in a direct speech and/or direct quote, with the underlying Historical Present. Besides signaling a switch from the past-tense to the HP, the direct speech or direct quote also marks a shift in deixis, distal to proximal. The ordinary foreground information, containing events that advance the story, appears in the underlying past-tense and perfective aspect.The surface markings of the ordinary foreground events, however, are different. In the traditional and modern Indonesian data, these events are dominantly depicted in the active-voice structure. The traditional and modern Sundanese texts, on the other hand, show two different dominant surface marking patterns: the KA (particle) and the active-voice constructions respectively. This appears as a shift in the surface marking strategy attributed to the Indonesian structural influence. The KA- to active voice surface-marking strategy shift indicates the change from the KA + Topic – Comment pattern to the Subject – Predicate structure, suggesting the adoption of the SVX word-order pattern. This affects not only the pragmatic relations of the constituents in an utterance, but also the marking of given-new information distinction.The study demonstrates that the KA to active-voice marking shift in the modern Sundanese data is mitigated by the long-term language contact with Indonesian. Follow-up investigations with varied narrative themes and oral speech data are warranted. Since the shift also appears to indicate the authors' unbalanced bilingual skills, it raises an issue pertinent to the current teaching of Sundanese in the West-Javanese provincial curriculum.
Department of English
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Roberts, James H. "Factors Influencing Darter Dispersal Patterns in the Upper Roanoke River Watershed, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34967.

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Effective delineation and management of stream fish populations requires a thorough knowledge of dispersal patterns, because these patterns affect a number of other demographic rates such as population growth, reproduction, survival, and gene flow. Previous studies of stream fish dispersal patterns have generally established species- and stream-specific home ranges and movement rates, but have largely failed to account for the environmental variables that may cause these parameters to vary. Many fishes occupy a variety of streams across a broad spectrum of ecological conditions, and movement rates (and thus population dynamics) may respond to these environmental gradients. Furthermore, enhanced understanding of the ecological features that induce or impede dispersal will help guide future management of stream channels for population connectivity. To determine the instream features that influence the dispersal patterns of darters, I conducted a spatially intensive mark/recapture study of three darter species in the upper Roanoke River watershed. Logistic regression was used to relate observed inter-riffle movements to gradients in riffle and corridor attributes. During the first study period, habitat area loss and habitat spacing drove dispersal patterns. However, a model developed from these data transferred poorly to the second study period, in which density dependence was a more effective predictor of dispersal. Individual size did not seem to influence the probability of emigration, but did influence the distance traveled following emigration, particularly for the two more specialist species. This finding suggests a size-based dominance hierarchy for habitat selection and occupancy in darters. Predation threat had only a minor effect on the probability of traversing inhospitable corridors, but experimentally introduced structural cover significantly elevated dispersal rates through such corridors. Taken together, results of this study indicate that a complex array of ecological features interact to produce heterogeneity in dispersal rates across the stream landscape. Knowledge of these influences can be used to manage stream channels for dispersal permeability. In addition to field studies, laboratory studies were undertaken to determine the efficacy of visible implant elastomer (VIE) and injectable photonic dye (IPD) for marking darters. No previous studies have rigorously evaluated these marks in darters, and comparisons of the two technologies in any taxa are few. Results of the laboratory study indicated that VIE is preferable to IPD for marking darters, particularly when mark longevity greater than 80 days is desired. Individuals marked with VIE exhibited higher survival and mark retention rates than did individuals marked with IPD. Additionally, VIE mark retention was more consistent across body locations. Retention of both marking technologies was biased by color. My study indicates that the results of tagging efficiency studies are not applicable across taxa, and that pilot studies are necessary prior to field use of marks in previously untested species.
Master of Science
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Ferreira, Giovanne Ambrosio. "Dieta e área de vida do gato doméstico (Felis silvestris catus Linnaeus -1758) (carnívora, felidae) em ambiente natural de Mata Atlântica na Ilha Comprida, estado de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2457.

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O livre acesso de gatos (Felis silvestris catus) a áreas externas da residência de seus proprietários (chamados semi-domiciliados), quando em ambientes naturais pode ocasionar predação sobre animais silvestres, competição alimentar com carnívoros nativos, e ainda potencializara veiculação de zoonoses. Informações a respeito do comportamento destes animais em fragmentos de mata atlântica são raros, desta forma, este estudo objetivou avaliar: a) os itens encontrados na dieta e sua variação sazonal através da análise de amostras fecais; b) a área de vida e os padrões de atividade por meio de rádio telemetria; c) as diferenças individuais na dieta e a disposição das fezes nos territórios por meio do método da marcação de isca de gatos semi-domiciliados encontrados em um fragmento remanescente de Mata Atlântica localizado ao sul do município de Ilha Comprida – SP. Resultados coletados entre setembro de 2009 e setembro de 2010 demonstram que mesmo recebendo alimentos dos proprietários, a espécie apresentou uma dieta oportunista e generalista, com pouca variação sazonal (X2 = 6,754; p = 0,4549). As presas mais consumidas foram insetos (21,26%), seguidos por mamíferos (14,24%) e aves (4,11%). Machos residentes em propriedades ausentes de fêmeas demonstraram maiores área de vida e sobreposições sobre as áreas dos demais gatos, que apresentaram valores semelhantes entre si. Os horários de maior atividade ocorreram no período crepuscular noturno, principalmente nos horários de 20-22h e 02-04h; enquanto o período entre 14-16h apresentou menor registro. Maiores atividades registradas durante a estação seca, todavia, machos demonstraram maior atividade noturna, em ambas as estações, enquanto fêmeas maiores atividades diurna, principalmente durante a estação seca. As amostras fecais encontradas próximas ao centro de atividade, geralmente estavam enterradas, enquanto à medida que se distanciavam, podiam ou não estar enterradas. Ocorreram poucas variações na dieta entre os sexos. Entretanto, fêmeas mais novas predaram animais menores (insetos); fêmeas mais velhas predaram também vertebrados maiores; enquanto para os machos observou-se o inverso. A diversidade de itens de presas nativas encontrados na dieta demonstra a capacidade adaptativa e o comportamento inato de predação da espécie. A pequena diferença encontrada entre as estações reflete na pequena variação sazonal encontrada no período amostrado. Os resultados indicam que a disponibilidade e abundância de recursos (alimento e abrigo) foram os fatores mais importantes na determinação das áreas de vida de fêmeas, enquanto a disponibilidade e acesso a estas, seriam os determinantes para os machos. Sugere-se que o padrão de atividade sofra influência das variações sazonais. A maneira como as fezes são encontradas no ambiente estão relacionadas ao status hierárquico ou questões comportamentais e ecológicas de seu produtor. Sendo assim, informações importantes sobre a dieta e comportamento de caça individuais foram obtidas por meio da identificação individual de suas fezes. Os resultados obtidos por este estudo contribuem para pesquisas que visem à preservação de espécies vulneráveis às influencias causadas pela presença desta espécie em ambientes naturais, ou ainda que busquem obter esclarecimentos sobre a saúde e o bem estar destes animais, espécies nativas e seus proprietários.
Free access for cats (Felis silvestris catus) to areas outside the residence of its owners (called semi-resident), when in natural environments may cause predation on wildlife, food competition with native carnivores and more, increase the zoonoses placement. Information about the behavior of these animals in the Atlantic forest fragments are rare, thus this study aimed to assess: a) the items found on diet and its seasonal variation by analyzing fecal samples; b) the home range and patterns of activity by radio telemetry; c) individual differences in diet and feces disposal in the territories by the method of marking bait semidomiciled cats found in an Atlantic forest fragment located south of the city of Ilha Comprida – SP. The results collected between September 2009 and September 2010 show that even getting food from the owners, the species had a generalist and opportunistic diet, with little seasonal variation (X2 = 6,754, p = 0,4549). The most consumed preys were insects (21,26%), followed by mammals (14,24%) and poultry (4,11%). Males residing in properties absent from females had larger home ranges and overlap the areas of other cats, which showed similar values. The time of greatest activity occurred in the evening twilight period, mainly during 20-22h and 02-04h, while the period between 14-16h showed the lowest record. Major activities recorded during the dry season, however, males showed greater nocturnal activity in both seasons, while females more daytime activities, especially during the dry season. The fecal samples found near the center of activity usually were buried, and as much as they distanced from the center they could be buried or not. There were few variations in diet between the sexes. However, younger females preyed on smaller animals (insects); older females also ate higher vertebrates, whereas for males the opposite was observed. The diversity of prey items found in the native diet demonstrates the adaptiveness in innate behavior and predation of the species. The small difference found between the seasons reflected in the low seasonal variation found in the sample period. The results indicate that the availability and abundance of resources (food and shelter) were the most important factors in determining the home range of females, while the availability and access to them, and are the determinants for males. It is suggested that the activity pattern is influenced by seasonal variations. How feces are found in the environment are related to the hierarchical status or behavioral and ecological issues of its producer. Thus, important information about diet and individual hunting behavior were obtained through individual identification of feces. The results of this study contribute to research aimed at the preservation of species vulnerable to influences caused by the presence of this species in natural environments, or even seek clarification about the health and wellness of these animals, native species and their owners.
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Books on the topic "Pattern markings"

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Engineers, Institute of Transportation. Pavement marking patterns used at uncontrolled pedestrian crossings: An informational report of the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Washington, DC: Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2010.

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Engineers, Institute of Transportation. Pavement marking patterns used at uncontrolled pedestrian crossings: An informational report of the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Washington, DC: Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2010.

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Chansarkar, B. A. Valuation patterns in an interdisciplinary course. London: Middlesex Business School, 1991.

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Padwee, Michael. A guide to the patterns and markings on the backs of United States ceramic tiles, 1870s-1930s. [Brooklyn, N.Y.] (453 14 St., Brooklyn 11215): [Whatnot Shop, 1997.

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Barrs, Myra. Patterns of learning: The Primary Language Record and the National Curriculum. London: Centre for Language in Primary Education, 1990.

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Foolproof machine quilting: Learn to use your walking foot--paper cut patterns for no marking, no math--simple stitching for stunning results. Lafayette, CA: C&T Pub., 2008.

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Morgan, Alex. Spellstone Warrior. Stow, Ohio: Henna Page Publications, 2004.

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Glanville, Peter John. Reflexive marking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 examines the semantics of Arabic reflexive verbs formed in pattern VII, which produces anticausative verbs, and pattern VIII, associated with the middle voice. It argues that these patterns result from the conversion of full reflexive pronouns into reflexive affixes, and considers the difference between them in the framework of an agency continuum. It then offers an analysis of reflexive verbs that do not participate in a verb alternation. The chapter argues that once a reflexive verb pattern comes about due to affixation, it becomes a morpheme paired with a reflexive semantic structure, and is then no longer restricted to producing verbs that alternate with an unmarked base verb. The chapter shows that verbs marked with this morpheme may be derived from a variety of base nouns and adjectives, or may not be derived at all, but simply marked because they construe a reflexive action.
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Mastering Quilt Marking: Marking Tools and Techniques - Choosing Stencils - Matching Borders and Corners. C&T Publishing, 1999.

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Malchukov, Andrej L. Ergativity and Differential Case Marking. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.11.

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The present chapter discusses patterns of differential case marking in ergative languages, focusing on differential subject marking, which is more prominent in ergative languages (in contrast to accusative languages, where differential object marking is more prominent). It is argued that patterns of (differential) case marking can be accounted two general constraints related to (role)-indexing, on the one hand, and distinguishability (or markedness) on the other hand. This approach correctly predicts asymmetries between differential object marking (DOM) and differential subject marking (DSM) with regard to animacy, definiteness, as well as discourse features. I also show how this approach can be extended to capture a relation between case and voice alternation, as well as briefly outline diachronic scenarios leading to different types of differential case marking in ergative and split intransitive languages.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pattern markings"

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Chen, Yiman, Wentao Du, Zhiyu Xiang, Nan Zou, Shuya Chen, and Chengyu Qiao. "Self-supervised Homography Prediction CNN for Accurate Lane Marking Fitting." In Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, 418–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31726-3_36.

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Pounder, Amanda V. "Adverb-marking patterns in Earlier Modern English coordinate constructions." In English Historical Linguistics 2006, 183–201. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.295.14pou.

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Lazarus, Dirk. "Template-Goniometer for Marking the Wise Keyhole Pattern of Reduction Mammaplasty." In Mastopexy and Breast Reduction, 291–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89873-3_37.

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Ying, K. K., Kat Leung, Roger Lee, and Daisy Chow. "Chinese Composition Teachers’ Commentary Styles and Patterns in a Tablet-Based Marking Environment." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 323–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08961-4_30.

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Kuroda, S. Y. "Case Marking, Canonical Sentence Patterns, and Counter Equi in Japanese (A Preliminary Survey)." In Japanese Syntax and Semantics, 222–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2789-9_7.

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Pine, Julian M., Daniel Freudenthal, and Fernand Gobet. "Understanding the cross-linguistic pattern of verb-marking error in typically developing children and children with Developmental Language Disorder." In Current Perspectives on Child Language Acquisition, 221–46. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tilar.27.10pin.

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J., Shiny Priyadarshini, and Gladis D. "Analogizing the Thinning Algorithm and Elicitation of Vascular Landmark in Retinal Images." In Ophthalmology, 69–77. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5195-9.ch005.

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The retinal tissue is composed of network of blood vessels forming a unique biometric pattern. Feature extraction in retinal blood vessel is becoming an emerging trend in the field of personal identification. Because of its unique identity and less vulnerability to noise and distortion it has become one of the most secured biometric identities. The paper highlights the segmentation of blood vessel and the extraction of feature points such as termination and bifurcation points using Zhang Suen's thinning algorithm in retinal images. A comparison has been made and results are analyzed and tabulated between Zhang Suen and Morphological thinning. The count has been taken for both termination and bifurcation markings as spurious and non- spurious minutiae. The spurious minutiae are removed by using the crossing number method. The results clearly depict that the Zhang Suen's thinning algorithm gives better result when compared to morphological thinning.
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Hill, Virginia, and Alexandru Mardale. "Two patterns for differential object marking: Balkan and Romance." In The Diachrony of Differential Object Marking in Romanian, 16–49. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898791.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 provides the cross-linguistic background for the discussion of Romanian DOM. First, a short overview of some properties of Romanian grammar points to mixed Balkan and Romance morpho-syntactic patterns throughout this grammar. Thus, the evidence for a similar typological mix in DOM constructions is not surprising. Second, an overview of DOM through CD in Balkan languages is presented, with focus on Balkan Romance. Finally, the Romance pattern through DOM-p is introduced, and Romanian figures among the languages with the most advanced application of this pattern, being grouped together with Sardinian and Spanish. This typology explains why some researchers transplanted the structural pattern proposed for Spanish DOM to Romanian DOM, despite the empirical challenges.
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Medeiros, David J. "Case Variation in Eastern Polynesian Spatial PPs." In Variation in P, 56–83. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931247.003.0003.

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This chapter examines variation in terms of case marking within complex spatial prepositions in Hawaiian and Māori. A dialect difference is proposed such that post-revitalization Māori patterns with Hawaiian in the realization of genitive case within spatial prepositions (the cross-linguistically more common pattern), to the exclusion of pre-revitalization Māori. Working within a model in which genitive case within spatial prepositions follows from syntactic structure, the unexpected non-genitive marking in pre-revitalization Māori is linked to the grammar of possession in that language, as contrasted with Hawaiian and post-revitalization Māori. The specific case marking variation is modeled in terms of morphological feature matching in a Distributed Morphology framework. Therefore, independent properties of the grammar of possession accounts for the observed micro-variation.
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Drapeau, Michelle S. M., and Colin G. Menter. "Ulna and radius." In Hominin Postcranial Remains from Sterkfontein, South Africa, 1936-1995, 65–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197507667.003.0007.

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Descriptions of all radial and ulnar fossils from Sterkfontein are presented. The relatively large sample of forelimb bones from Sterkfontein provide information about the elbow, wrist, and forearm of Australopithecus africanus. The proximal orientation of the olecranon process and anterior orientation of the trochlear notch suggest that the forelimb was used in flexed position, as in humans. The bones are small relative to other hominins, and have relatively straight diaphysis and small muscle attachment markings like other australopiths, suggesting the presence of reduced forearm muscularity relative to apes. Diaphyseal cross-sectional shape suggests a pattern of forearm muscle use that may be neither completely human-like nor ape-like but somewhat intermediate, perhaps reflecting a reduced use in locomotion and an increased use in manipulation. In contrast to the diaphysis, the proximal radius is more clearly ape-like, with beveled heads and constricted and relatively long necks comparable to the Hadar specimens, which underscores the unique morphology of the elbow (neither completely human-like nor ape-like) in these hominins. The distal ulna, with the well-marked tendon groove, deep fovea, and a head shape intermediate between apes and humans, like A. afarensis specimens, suggest that stability was required during loading and use of the hand and wrist, although possibly less so than in extant apes. The overall picture of the Sterkfontein forelimb is that of a taxon that had powerful arms, but less powerful than apes, and that they were using them for tasks such as manipulation and probably less so for locomotion.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pattern markings"

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Greenhalgh, Jack, and Majid Mirmehdi. "Detection and Recognition of Painted Road Surface Markings." In International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005273501300138.

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Hua, Li, Yun Nong, and Haigang Sui. "Discussion on bridge markings setting and simulation based on 3DGIS and VR." In Sixth International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, edited by Henri Maître, Hong Sun, Bangjun Lei, and Jufu Feng. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.832372.

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Cohen, Fernand, Zhongchuan Zhang, and Patrice Jeppson. "Virtual reconstruction of archaeological vessels using convex hulls of surface markings." In 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2010.5543528.

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Cohen, Fernand, Ezgi Taslidere, Zexi Liu, and Glen Muschio. "Virtual reconstruction of archaeological vessels using expert priors & surface markings." In 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2010.5543552.

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Dahl, Vedrana A., Monica J. Emerson, Camilla H. Trinderup, and Anders B. Dahl. "Content-based Propagation of User Markings for Interactive Segmentation of Patterned Images." In 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw50498.2020.00505.

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Salazar, D., and J. Valadez. "Advancements in automatic marking with range pattern matching." In Photomask and NGL Mask Technology XX, edited by Kokoro Kato. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2027338.

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Rebut, J., A. Bensrhair, and G. Toulminet. "Image segmentation and pattern recognition for road marking analysis." In 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2004.1571896.

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Ye, Yang Yang, Hou Jin Chen, and Xiao Li Hao. "Lane marking detection based on waveform analysis and CNN." In Second International Workshop on Pattern Recognition, edited by Xudong Jiang, Masayuki Arai, and Guojian Chen. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2280245.

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Paula, Mauricio Braga de, and Claudio Rosito Jung. "Real-Time Detection and Classification of Road Lane Markings." In 2013 XXVI SIBGRAPI - Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibgrapi.2013.21.

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Thomas, Pete, Kevin Waugh, and Neil Smith. "Using patterns in the automatic marking of ER-diagrams." In the 11th annual SIGCSE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1140124.1140149.

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Reports on the topic "Pattern markings"

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Adams, David P., Ryan D. Murphy, David J. Saiz, Steven Yalisove, David Bahr, Samantha Lawrence, Neville Moody, Geneva Neiser, and Catherine Sobczak. Basic Research of Intrinsic Tamper Indication Markings and Patterns Defined by Pulsed Laser Irradiation: Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561017.

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Adams, David P. Year End Report for DTRA: Grant/Award # 13-5897I Basic Research of Intrinsic Tamper indication Markings and Patterns defined by Pulsed Laser Irradiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1608082.

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