Journal articles: 'Pattern expressions'

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Câmpeanu, Cezar, and Sheng Yu. "Pattern expressions and pattern automata." Information Processing Letters 92, no. 6 (December 2004): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2004.09.007.

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Sakaba, Hiroko, and Takeshi Okada. "Usage Patterns and Meanings of High-Frequency English Verbs: A Multi-Word Expression Approach to Japanese High School EFL Textbook Analysis." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.4p.116.

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This article aims to classify the overall uses of high-frequency English verbs in a novel methodology from both a pattern and meaning perspective, which has not be done in previous studies, with special reference to TAKE and MAKE. In the pattern-based analysis, all occurrences of these two verbs were collected from Japanese EFL textbook corpus, and the usage patterns of the extracted two target verbs were categorized into three major multi-word expression types: phrasal verbs, grammatical collocations, and lexical collocations. To further investigate the patterns of uses, some multi-word units consisting of three to seven words were identified as either semi-fixed expressions or fixed expressions. After the pattern-based classification, all the multi-word expressions identified were analyzed from a semantic perspective. This analysis revealed the new finding that all uses of TAKE (352) and MAKE (374) obtained from the corpus could be successfully classified into the three major multi-word expression categories. With respect to the pattern, the proportion of major multi-word expression categories showed similar results; lexical collocations were the most frequent, and phrasal verbs were the least frequent in both target verbs’ usage. In terms of meanings, the uses of TAKE were classified in a larger number of semantic categories (42) than MAKE (25). The obtained results have an implication that the novel methodology employed in this study is a valid way to the further investigation of the usage of high-frequency English verbs.

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Pan, Xiaoyi, Boyu Chen, Heng Weng, Yongyi Gong, and Yingying Qu. "Temporal Expression Classification and Normalization From Chinese Narrative Clinical Texts: Pattern Learning Approach." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 7 (July 27, 2020): e17652. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17652.

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Background Temporal information frequently exists in the representation of the disease progress, prescription, medication, surgery progress, or discharge summary in narrative clinical text. The accurate extraction and normalization of temporal expressions can positively boost the analysis and understanding of narrative clinical texts to promote clinical research and practice. Objective The goal of the study was to propose a novel approach for extracting and normalizing temporal expressions from Chinese narrative clinical text. Methods TNorm, a rule-based and pattern learning-based approach, has been developed for automatic temporal expression extraction and normalization from unstructured Chinese clinical text data. TNorm consists of three stages: extraction, classification, and normalization. It applies a set of heuristic rules and automatically generated patterns for temporal expression identification and extraction of clinical texts. Then, it collects the features of extracted temporal expressions for temporal type prediction and classification by using machine learning algorithms. Finally, the features are combined with the rule-based and a pattern learning-based approach to normalize the extracted temporal expressions. Results The evaluation dataset is a set of narrative clinical texts in Chinese containing 1459 discharge summaries of a domestic Grade A Class 3 hospital. The results show that TNorm, combined with temporal expressions extraction and temporal types prediction, achieves a precision of 0.8491, a recall of 0.8328, and a F1 score of 0.8409 in temporal expressions normalization. Conclusions This study illustrates an automatic approach, TNorm, that extracts and normalizes temporal expression from Chinese narrative clinical texts. TNorm was evaluated on the basis of discharge summary data, and results demonstrate its effectiveness on temporal expression normalization.

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Ding, Wentao, Guanji Gao, Linfeng Shi, and Yuzhong Qu. "A Pattern-Based Approach to Recognizing Time Expressions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 6335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016335.

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Recognizing time expressions is a fundamental and important task in many applications of natural language understanding, such as reading comprehension and question answering. Several newest state-of-the-art approaches have achieved good performance on recognizing time expressions. These approaches are black-boxed or based on heuristic rules, which leads to the difficulty in understanding the temporal information. On the contrary, classic rule-based or semantic parsing approaches can capture rich structural information, but their performances on recognition are not so good. In this paper, we propose a pattern-based approach, called PTime, which automatically generates and selects patterns for recognizing time expressions. In this approach, time expressions in training text are abstracted into type sequences by using fine-grained token types, thus the problem is transformed to select an appropriate subset of the sequential patterns. We use the Extended Budgeted Maximum Coverage (EBMC) model to optimize the pattern selection. The main idea is to maximize the correct token sequences matched by the selected patterns while the number of the mistakes should be limited by an adjustable budget. The interpretability of patterns and the adjustability of permitted number of mistakes make PTime a very promising approach for many applications. Experimental results show that PTime achieves a very competitive performance as compared with existing state-of-the-art approaches.

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PEYTON JONES, SIMON. "3 Expressions." Journal of Functional Programming 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796803000510.

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3.1 Errors 193.2 Variables, Constructors, Operators, and Literals 203.3 Curried Applications and Lambda Abstractions 213.4 Operator Applications 213.5 Sections 223.6 Conditionals 233.7 Lists 233.8 Tuples 243.9 Unit Expressions and Parenthesized Expessions 253.10 Arithmetic Sequences 253.11 List Comprehensions 253.12 Let Expressions 273.13 Case Expressions 273.14 Do Expressions 293.15 Datatypes with Field Labels 293.16 Expression Type Signatures 323.17 Pattern Matching 32

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강현화. "A study on correlation between pattern expressions and Regret expressions." Bilingual Research ll, no. 38 (October 2008): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17296/korbil.2008..38.43.

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Volynets, Sofia, Dmitry Smirnov, Heini Saarimäki, and Lauri Nummenmaa. "Statistical pattern recognition reveals shared neural signatures for displaying and recognizing specific facial expressions." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 8 (August 2020): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa110.

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Abstract Human neuroimaging and behavioural studies suggest that somatomotor ‘mirroring’ of seen facial expressions may support their recognition. Here we show that viewing specific facial expressions triggers the representation corresponding to that expression in the observer’s brain. Twelve healthy female volunteers underwent two separate fMRI sessions: one where they observed and another where they displayed three types of facial expressions (joy, anger and disgust). Pattern classifier based on Bayesian logistic regression was trained to classify facial expressions (i) within modality (trained and tested with data recorded while observing or displaying expressions) and (ii) between modalities (trained with data recorded while displaying expressions and tested with data recorded while observing the expressions). Cross-modal classification was performed in two ways: with and without functional realignment of the data across observing/displaying conditions. All expressions could be accurately classified within and also across modalities. Brain regions contributing most to cross-modal classification accuracy included primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Functional realignment led to only minor increases in cross-modal classification accuracy for most of the examined ROIs. Substantial improvement was observed in the occipito-ventral components of the core system for facial expression recognition. Altogether these results support the embodied emotion recognition model and show that expression-specific somatomotor neural signatures could support facial expression recognition.

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Jamal, Danial. "أسلوب النداء وتعليلاته النحوية." 'Arabiyya: Jurnal Studi Bahasa Arab 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47498/arabiyya.v9i1.344.

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In Arabic, every sentence containing certain expression has a unique pattern that is different from one another. And what is more unique is the reasoning aspect, where the reasoning aspect seems complicated, so it tends to be considered insignificant dan ignored. Amongst the expressions in Arabic which are full of unique patterns and their reasoning side are calling expressions (Uslub al-Nida’). The purpose of this paper is to reveal the uniqueness of the patterns contained in the calling expressions in Arabic along with the reasoning aspect which sometimes makes the Native Arabic Speakers moreover Non-Arabic Speakers trapped in some errors and confusion in saying them.

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Zheng, Wei Hao, Wei Wang, and Yi De Ma. "Facial Expression Recognition Based on the Texture Features of Global Principal Component and Local Boundary." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1110.

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Facial expression recognition is a key ingredient to either emotion analysis or pattern recognition, which is also an important component in human-machine interaction. In facial expression analysis, one of the well-known methods to obtain the texture of expressions is local binary patterns (LBP) which compares pixels in local region and encodes the comparison result in forms of histogram. However, we argue that the textures of expressions are not accurate and still contain some irrelevant information, especially in the region between eyes and mouth. In this paper, we propose a compound method to recognize expressions by applying local binary patterns to global and local images processed by bidirectional principal component analysis (BDPCA) reconstruction and morphologic preprocess, respectively. It proves that our method can be applied for recognizing expressions by using texture features of global principal component and local boundary and achieves a considerable high accuracy.

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Sun, Cheuk-Kwan, Yen-Yi Zhen, Hung-I. Lu, Pei-Hsun Sung, Li-Teh Chang, Tzu-Hsien Tsai, Jiunn-Jye Sheu, et al. "Reducing TRPC1 Expression through Liposome-Mediated siRNA Delivery Markedly Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Murine Model." Stem Cells International 2014 (2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/316214.

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We tested the hypothesis that Lipofectamine siRNA delivery to deplete transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPC) 1 protein expression can suppress hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in mice. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into group 1 (normal controls), group 2 (hypoxia), and group 3 (hypoxia + siRNA TRPC1). By day 28, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), number of muscularized arteries, right ventricle (RV), and lung weights were increased in group 2 than in group 1 and reduced in group 3 compared with group 2. Pulmonary crowded score showed similar pattern, whereas number of alveolar sacs exhibited an opposite pattern compared to that of RVSP in all groups. Protein expressions of TRPCs, HIF-1α, Ku-70, apoptosis, and fibrosis and pulmonary mRNA expressions of inflammatory markers were similar pattern, whereas protein expressions of antifibrosis and VEGF were opposite to the pattern of RVSP. Cellular markers of pulmonary DNA damage, repair, and smooth muscle proliferation exhibited a pattern similar to that of RVSP. The mRNA expressions of proapoptotic and hypertrophy biomarkers displayed a similar pattern, whereas sarcomere length showed an opposite pattern compared to that of RVSP in all groups. Lipofectamine siRNA delivery effectively reduced TRPC1 expression, thereby attenuating PAH-associated RV and pulmonary arteriolar remodeling.

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Matrisciano, Sara, and Franz Rainer. "Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille." Romanische Forschungen 133, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3196/003581221831922391.

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All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

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Li, L., Q. Tang, H. J. E. Kwon, Z. Wu, E. J. Kim, and H. S. Jung. "An Explanation for How FGFs Predict Species-Specific Tooth Cusp Patterns." Journal of Dental Research 97, no. 7 (February 28, 2018): 828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518759625.

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Species-specific cusp patterns result from the iterative formation of enamel knots, the epithelial signaling centers, at the future cusp positions. The expressions of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), especially Fgf4, in the secondary enamel knots in the areas of the future cusp tips are generally used to manifest the appearance of species-specific tooth shapes. However, the mechanism underlying the predictive role of FGFs in species-specific cusp patterns remains obscure. Here, we demonstrated that gerbils, which have a lophodont pattern, exhibit a striped expression pattern of Fgf4, whereas mice, which have a bunodont pattern, have a spotted expression pattern, and these observations verify the predictive role of Fgf4 in species-specific cusp patterns. By manipulating FGFs’ signaling in the inner dental epithelium of gerbils, we provide evidence for the intracellular participation of FGF signaling, specifically FGF4 and FGF20, in Rac1- and RhoA-regulated cellular geometry remolding during the determination of different cusp patterns. Our study presents a novel explanation of how different FGF expression patterns produce different cusp patterns and implies that a conserved intracellular FGF-GTPase signaling module might represent an underlying developmental basis for evolutionary changes in cusp patterns.

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Walczak, Julia, Maria D. Camargo Johnson, and Kuzhali Muthumalaiappan. "Stage Specific Expression Pattern of Alpha-Hemoglobin-Stabilizing-Protein (AHSP) Portrayed in Erythroblast Chronology." Methods and Protocols 3, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps3030046.

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During erythropoiesis, the molecular chaperone alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP) sequesters free alpha-hemoglobin (αHb) and prevents precipitation of excess αHb. While AHSP is linked to hereditary anemia, the pattern of expression during specific erythroblast stages is poorly understood. We investigated gene and protein expressions of AHSP throughout progressive maturation stages of erythroblasts in biphasic cultures of blood and bone marrow samples from healthy donors. Differentiating erythroblasts were periodically subjected to flow cytometry, Amnis imaging and RT-qPCR analyses. We made parallel in vivo validations from naive murine bone marrow cells. Percentages of AHSP+ erythroblasts, protein expressions and AHSP gene expressions are negligible on culture day 6 (CFU-Es) and progressively increases from culture days 8–12 (peaks on day 12) and declines on day 14. Notably, sub-cellular location of AHSP is both in the cytoplasm and nucleus in the early erythroblasts while in the late stages of maturation AHSP is found predominantly in the nucleus, being expelled with it during enucleation. As both human bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived erythroblasts demonstrated similar expression patterns, sampling of erythroblasts from day 11 cultures could portray erythroblast chronology and provide optimum representative stage specific expression patterns. PBMCs may be suitable for comparison studies of AHSP expression in pathologic erythropoiesi

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Sultan Zia, M., Majid Hussain, and M. Arfan Jaffar. "Incremental Learning-Based Facial Expression Classification System Using a Novel Multinomial Classifier." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 04 (December 13, 2017): 1856004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418560049.

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Facial expressions recognition is a crucial task in pattern recognition and it becomes even crucial when cross-cultural emotions are encountered. Various studies in the past have shown that all the facial expressions are not innate and universal, but many of them are learned and culture-dependent. Extreme facial expression recognition methods employ different datasets for training and later use it for testing and demostrate high accuracy in recognition. Their performances degrade drastically when expression images are taken from different cultures. Moreover, there are many existing facial expression patterns which cannot be generated and used as training data in single training session. A facial expression recognition system can maintain its high accuracy and robustness globally and for a longer period if the system possesses the ability to learn incrementally. We also propose a novel classification algorithm for multinomial classification problems. It is an efficient classifier and can be a good choice for base classifier in real-time applications. We propose a facial expression recognition system that can learn incrementally. We use Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features to represent the expression space. The performance of the system is tested on static images from six different databases containing expressions from various cultures. The experiments using the incremental learning classification demonstrate promising results.

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Tanjung, Juliansyah Putra, and Muhathir Muhathir. "Classification of facial expressions using SVM and HOG." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 3, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jite.v3i2.3182.

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The face is one of the human biometric which is often utilized as an important information of a person. One of the unique information of the face is facial expressions, expressions are information that is given indirectly about an expression of one's feelings. Because facial expressions have a unique pattern for each expression so that the pattern of facial expression will be tested with the computer by utilizing the Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptor as the extraction of existing features in each expression Face and information acquisition from HOG will be classified by utilizing the Support vector Mechine (SVM) method. The results of facial expression classification by utilizing the Extracaski HOG features reached 76.57% at a value of K = 500 with an average accuracy of 72.57%.

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Asriaty R Purba, Herlina, and Jamorlan Siahaan. "Structure and Function of Expressions of People's Trust (Superstitions) The villagers of Sigodang Village, Simalungun Regency." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 3, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v3i4.1120.

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This research aims to describe the structure and function of expressions of people's trust in the village of Sigodang, Simalungun Regency. The expression of people's trust is one of type folklore as a verbal which consists of verbal and non-verbal elements. Poeple's trust in general contains the values that regulate the relationship between fellow humans, and humans with their natural and surrounding, to regulate and supervise the norms prevailing in society. The metho d of data collection that used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, and used the folklore theory. The results of this research indicate that: 1. The structure of people's trust expression in Sigodang Village consist of a. two structured expressions with a cause and effect pattern, and pattern of signs and effects., b. three structured expressions with a causal-conversion pattern, and causal-conversion pattern.; 2. The function of people's trust expressions is: a. thickener of religious emotions or trust., b. as an educational tool for children and teenager., c. as a collective dream projection system., d.as a means of coercion and supervisor so that the norms of society are always obeyed by collective members.

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Mujrimin, Bayu, Nurul Istiani, and Muhammad Aziz. "Konfigurasi Ekspresi Keagamaan Artis Di Media Sosial." POROS ONIM: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53491/porosonim.v3i1.272.

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The religious expressions of the artist in the social media space have the potential to give an ambiguous impression to the public in responding to them. On the one hand, artists as religious people have the right to carry out their religious teachings in the public sphere. But on the other hand, the artist is also a public figure whose popularity is widely used by the industrial world. This study intends to identify the meaning of various religious expressions of some Indonesian artists in various accounts or social media channels. Through a phenomenological approach, the dramaturgical theory that was initiated by Erving Goffman is used as an analytical theory. This research data collection using observation and documentation techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique is through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study conclude that religious expressions by some Indonesian artists in the social media space can be explained through three patterns. First, religious expression as religiosity. This pattern can be seen from the backstage which is shown as a religious person who carries out his religious teachings. Second, religious expression as a commodification of religion. This pattern can be seen from the appearance of the artists as brand ambassadors for certain business products. Third, religious expression as media capitalization. This pattern can be seen from the artist's religious expression following the media arrangement that emphasizes the elements of business and profit. The theoretical implication of this research shows that understanding and expression of religion can experience developments and changes in form in the dynamics of the construction of socio-cultural life.

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Rozikin, Annas, Kasmaini Kasmaini, and Azhar Aziz Lubis. "Idiomatic Expressions Analysis in Joker Movie." Journal of English Education and Teaching 5, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 594–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jeet.5.4.594-608.

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This research aims to find out the types of idiomatic expressions and to identify the patterns of idiomatic expressions in the Joker movie. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. In collecting the data, this research used a classification form, documentation, and monolingual dictionaries. The result showed that there were 4 types of idiomatic expressions found in the Joker movie; proverbs, clichés, fixed statements, and slang. The other types of idiomatic expressions such as simile, binomial, and other language were absent from the Joker movie. Moreover, the researcher identified the patterns of the idiomatic expressions in the Joker movie were; noun phrases, transitive verb phrases, verbal phrases, prepositional phrases, pair of words, and sentence pattern. The other patterns of idiomatic expressions such as be + prepositional phrases and alliterative comparison were not consisted in the Joker movie.

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Winkielman, Piotr. "Embodied and disembodied processing of emotional expressions: Insights from autism spectrum disorders." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 6 (December 2010): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001640.

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AbstractProcessing of facial expressions goes beyond simple pattern recognition. To elucidate this problem, Niedenthal et al. offer a model that identifies multiple embodied and disembodied routes for expression processing, and spell out conditions triggering use of different routes. I elaborate on this model by discussing recent research on emotional recognition in individuals with autism, who can use multiple routes of emotion processing, and consequently can show atypical and typical patterns of embodied simulation and mimicry.

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Cho, Eunyoung, and Ni Cong. "A Comparative Study on Writing Style of Chinese Korean Learners for Academic purposes in Korean and Writing Style in Chinese." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.5.44.5.75.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the Korean writing style and Chinese writing style on the same subject, with a focus on Chinese Korean learners for academic purposes. A total of 28 Chinese international students performed the writing task on the same subject. As a result, the difference in syntactic proficiency was not significant between the Korean essays and the Chinese. However, it confirmed that the pattern of errors in Korean writing was influenced from the native language. In addition, the writer's stance and voice expression patterns can often enhance the genre characteristics of the essay, and it was found that more expressions revealing the writer's stance and voice appeared in the Chinese essays. In addition, the expressions in the Korean essays and the expressions in the Chinese essays were often different. As writing activities using digital devices increase, it is expected that sentences and awkward expressions of translation will increase. Therefore, applying the understanding of error patterns based on the characteristics of the native language to the teaching field will greatly help Korean learners write for academic purposes.

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Yaermaimaiti, Yilihamu, Tusongjiang Kari, and Guohang Zhuang. "Research on facial expression recognition based on an improved fusion algorithm." Nonlinear Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2022-0015.

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Abstract This article puts forward a facial expression recognition (FER) algorithm based on multi-feature fusion and convolutional neural network (CNN) to solve the problem that FER is susceptible to interference factors such as non-uniform illumination, thereby reducing the recognition rate of facial expressions. It starts by extracting the multi-layer representation information (asymmetric region local binary pattern [AR-LBP]) of facial expression images and cascading them to minimize the loss of facial expression texture information. In addition, an improved algorithm called divided local directional pattern (DLDP) is used to extract the original facial expression image features, which not only retains the original texture information but also reduces the time consumption. With a weighted fusion of the features extracted from the above two facial expressions, new AR-LBP-DLDP facial local features are then obtained. Later, CNN is used to extract global features of facial expressions, and the local features of AR-LBP-DLDP obtained by weighted fusion are cascaded and fused with the global features extracted by the CNN, thereby producing the final facial expression features. Ultimately, the final facial expression features are input into Softmax for training and classification. The results show that the proposed algorithm, with good robustness and real-time performance, effectively improves the recognition rate of facial expressions.

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LEE, CHAN-SU, and DIMITRIS SAMARAS. "ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS USING DECOMPOSABLE NONLINEAR GENERATIVE MODELS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 28, no. 05 (July 31, 2014): 1456009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001414560096.

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Facial expressions convey personal characteristics and subtle emotional states. This paper presents a new framework for modeling subtle facial motions of different people with different types of expressions from high-resolution facial expression tracking data to synthesize new stylized subtle facial expressions. A conceptual facial motion manifold is used for a unified representation of facial motion dynamics from three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution facial motions as well as from two-dimensional (2D) low-resolution facial motions. Variant subtle facial motions in different people with different expressions are modeled by nonlinear mappings from the embedded conceptual manifold to input facial motions using empirical kernel maps. We represent facial expressions by a factorized nonlinear generative model, which decomposes expression style factors and expression type factors from different people with multiple expressions. We also provide a mechanism to control the high-resolution facial motion model from low-resolution facial video sequence tracking and analysis. Using the decomposable generative model with a common motion manifold embedding, we can estimate parameters to control 3D high resolution facial expressions from 2D tracking results, which allows performance-driven control of high-resolution facial expressions.

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Stefanowitsch, Anatol. "Paradigmatic pattern analysis." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 8, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2020-0008.

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AbstractThe phrase Sprache ist der Schlüssel zur Integration (“language is the key to integration”) is found frequently in the discourse around immigration in the German-speaking countries. Based on a corpus-linguistic analysis of this phrase, this paper proposes the existence of a particular type of constructional idiom I refer to as ‘paradigmatic pattern’. Like a metaphorical pattern (in the sense of Metaphorical Pattern Analysis), a paradigmatic pattern establishes a correspondence between a word occurring in a particular slot of the idiom and another word more typical of that slot, contributing to a conceptual mapping between the domains instantiated by these words. Unlike in the case of metaphorical patterns, the domain evoked by the paradigmatic pattern is not the domain in which the pattern occurs in its literal meaning, but a domain evoked by a highly frequent collexeme in one of the slots. As in the case of metaphorical patterns, however, this collexeme contributes (aspects of) its meaning even when it is replaced by another word. I suggest a generalized version of Metaphorical Pattern Analysis, referred to as Paradigmatic Pattern Analysis, to deal with such expressions.

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Raykowski, Wes. "Is There Such a Thing as Orthogonyms?" Cognitive Semantics 5, no. 2 (August 10, 2019): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00502002.

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The article explores the cognitive semantics thesis that lexical expressions function as points of access to vast repositories of schematic concepts arising from embodied experience. By comparing various forms of communication, I find that expressions in art, science, and technology display a pattern in which expressions prompting the sense of intensity, magnitude and force are often combined into products with expressions that prompt the sense of extent, multitude and displacement. This pattern seems to be largely absent from natural language. I argue that lexical items activate the same pattern, though in a less direct way.

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Seelothu, Sammaiah, and Dr K. Venugopal Rao. "Composite Binary Pattern Assisted Micro-Expressions Spotting Through Feature Difference Analysis." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (July 9, 2021): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07171.

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Micro-Expressions (MEs) are one kind of facial movement which is very spontaneous and involuntary in nature. MEs are observed when a person attempts to hide or conceal the experiencing emotion in a high-stakes environment. The duration of ME is very short and approximately less than 500 milliseconds. Recognition of such kinds of expressions from lengthy video consequences to a limited Micro Expression Recognition Performance and also creates the computational burden. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new ME spotting (detection of ME frames) method based on a new texture descriptor called Composite Binary Pattern (CBP). As a pre-processing, we employ the viola jones algorithm for landmark regions detection followed by landmark points detection for facial alignment. Next, every aligned face is described through CBP and subjected to feature difference analysis followed by the threshold for ME spotting. For simulation, the REVIEW dataset is used and the performance is measured through Recall, Precision, and F-Score.

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Goyani, Mahesh M., and Narendra Patel. "Recognition of Facial Expressions using Local Mean Binary Pattern." ELCVIA Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis 16, no. 1 (July 2, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/elcvia.1058.

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Okui, Satoshi, and Taro Suzuki. "Pattern Matching of Incompletely RE-Typed Expressions via Transformation." IPSJ Digital Courier 2 (2006): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjdc.2.248.

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Reis, Daniele. "Cholesteric-Like Pattern in Plant Cell Walls: Different Expressions." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Incorporating Nonlinear Optics 153, no. 1 (December 1987): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268948708074523.

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Chang, Yeim-Kuan, and Ching-Hsuan Shih. "A Memory Efficient Pattern Matching Scheme for Regular Expressions." Procedia Computer Science 110 (2017): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.092.

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Fan, Wenfei, Jianzhong Li, Shuai Ma, Nan Tang, and Yinghui Wu. "Adding regular expressions to graph reachability and pattern queries." Frontiers of Computer Science 6, no. 3 (June 2012): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11704-012-1312-y.

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Turchi, Dario, Hyo-Sang Shin, and Antonios Tsourdos. "Airborne Behaviour Monitoring Using Regular-Expressions Based Pattern Matching." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 5 (2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.459.

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Szpak, Marcin, and Beata Zagórska-Marek. "Phyllotaxis instability – exploring the depths of first available space." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 80, no. 4 (2011): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2011.043.

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The theoretical analysis of the consequences of the phyllotactic pattern being propagated according to the first available space rule has revealed that all monojugate patterns, with the exception of the main Fibonacci pattern, should become developmentally unstable in their low expressions. This fact explains why the main Fibonacci pattern plays the dominant role among other patterns of spiral phyllotaxis. The probability that the pattern becomes unstable varies for different patterns, which likely makes them more or less frequent, and thus easier or more difficult to encounter in nature. The unstable pattern inevitably transforms into another, as the computer simulations show. Theoretically predicted instability of low order phyllotaxis may be treated as one of the causes of natural ontogenetic transitions, occurring in plants. This, however, still does not explain why in nature some patterns with high order of phyllotaxis also change, quite readily one into the other, in shoot apical meristem’s ontogeny.

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HOSAYA, HARUO. "Regular expression filters for XML." Journal of Functional Programming 16, no. 6 (June 9, 2006): 711–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796806005909.

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XML data are described by types involving regular expressions. This raises the question of what language feature is convenient for manipulating such data. Previously, we have given an answer to this question by proposing regular expression pattern matching. However, since this construct is derived from ML pattern matching, it does not have an iteration functionality in itself, which makes it cumbersome to process data typed by Kleene stars. In this paper, we propose a novel programming feature regular expression filters. This construct extends the previous proposal by permitting pattern clauses to be closed under arbitrary regular expression operators. This yields many convenient programming idioms such as non-uniform processing of sequences and almost-copying of trees. We further develop a type inference mechanism that obtains (1) types for pattern variables that are locally precise with respect to the type of input values and (2) a type for the result of the whole filter expression that is also locally precise with respect to the types of the body expressions. We discuss how our construct is useful in the practice of XML processing and, in particular, how our type inference is crucial for avoiding changes of programs when types of data to be processed evolve frequently.

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Malik, Praveen Kumar, and Harish Parthasarthy. "Synthesis of randomness in the radiated fields of antenna array." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 6 (October 6, 2011): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000791.

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An alternative approach is based on statistically computed signal analysis technique for the design of antenna array exhibiting lower side lobes in their radiation pattern. New and generalized expressions for the array factor of all physically realizable linear antenna arrays are introduced. An algorithm based on the statistically computed signal analysis is designed. By considering the random elements, distance between the sensors, their mean, variance, average amplitude pattern and correlation of the amplitude between the two angles, some mathematical formulations have been done and shown with the help of MATLAB. Based on these generalized expressions, a new way of synthesizing arrays with reduced side lobes is available. It applies to end fire antenna array, which may have either even or odd numbers of sensors with restricted elements spacing. Final expressions shown are a clear relationship between elements excitation and null location in the radiation patterns.

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Ju, Wang, Ding Rui, and Chun Yan Nie. "Research on the Facial Expression Feature Extraction of Facial Expression Recognition Based on MATLAB." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1522.

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In such a developed day of information communication, communication is an important essential way of interpersonal communication. As a carrier of information, expression is rich in human behavior information. Facial expression recognition is a combination of many fields, but also a new topic in the field of pattern recognition. This paper mainly studied the facial feature extraction based on MATLAB, by MATLAB software, extracting the expression features through a large number of facial expressions, which can be divided into different facial expressions more accurate classification .

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Yoshino, Hironori, and Ikuo Kashiwakura. "Involvement of reactive oxygen species in ionizing radiation–induced upregulation of cell surface Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in human monocytic cells." Journal of Radiation Research 58, no. 5 (March 22, 2017): 626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrx011.

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Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are indispensable for antibacterial and antiviral immunity. Our previous report showed that ionizing radiation increases the cell surface expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 and enhances their responses to agonists in human monocytic THP1 cells. The present study investigated how ionizing radiation increases the cell surface expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in THP1 cells. The THP1 cells treated or not treated with pharmaceutical agents such as cycloheximide and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were exposed to X-ray irradiation, following which the expressions of TLRs and mitogen-activated protein kinase were analyzed. X-ray irradiation increased the mRNA expressions of TLR2 and TLR4, and treatment with a protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide abolished the radiation-induced upregulation of their cell surface expressions. These results indicate that radiation increased those receptors through de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant NAC suppressed not only the radiation-induced upregulation of cell surface expressions of TLR2 and TLR4, but also the radiation-induced activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Since it has been shown that the inhibitor for JNK can suppress the radiation-induced upregulation of TLR expression, the present results suggest that ionizing radiation increased the cell surface expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 through reactive oxygen species–mediated JNK activation.

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Shi, Rong. "Looking for Infrequent Faces: Visual Patterns and Gender Effect in Detecting Crying and Smiling Expressions." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402092335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020923358.

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Previous research has focused on documenting the perceptual mechanisms of facial expressions of so-called basic emotions; however, little is known about eye movement in terms of recognizing crying expressions. The present study aimed to clarify the visual pattern and the role of face gender in recognizing smiling and crying expressions. Behavioral reactions and fixations duration were recorded, and proportions of fixation counts and viewing time directed at facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth area) were calculated. Results indicated that crying expressions could be processed and recognized faster than that of smiling expressions. Across these expressions, eyes and nose area received more attention than mouth area, but in smiling facial expressions, participants fixated longer on the mouth area. It seems that proportional gaze allocation at facial features was quantitatively modulated by different expressions, but overall gaze distribution was qualitatively similar across crying and smiling facial expressions. Moreover, eye movements showed visual attention was modulated by the gender of faces: Participants looked longer at female faces with smiling expressions relative to male faces. Findings are discussed around the perceptual mechanisms underlying facial expressions recognition and the interaction between gender and expression processing.

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Dai, Zhiping, Shuai Jia, and Zhenjun Yang. "Propagation characteristics of astigmatic mixed-pattern solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 28, no. 03 (September 2019): 1950032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863519500322.

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This paper discusses the propagation characteristics of astigmatic mixed-pattern solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media. From the initial expression of the astigmatic mixed-pattern soliton, it is found that the propagation pattern of solitons can be divided into three different cases: oval type, two-petal type and four-petal type. We further derive the beam propagation expression, and solve the analytical expressions of the intensity, beam width, power and curvature of the soliton. Through numerical simulation, we made a series of graphs and carried on the necessary elaboration. The propagation dynamics are described emphatically and the propagation characteristics are discussed in detail.

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Du, Xiaoxiao. "THE CULTURAL CONNOTATION OF PRAYERS AND INNOVATIVE FORMS OF FOLK PILLOW TOP." Cultural Communication and Socialization Journal 2, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 05–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ccsj.01.2021.05.08.

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As a kind of folk art, pillow top has rich cultural connotation and innovative vitality of expressions. By analyzing the auspicious symbolic elements of pillow top art and emotional expressions such as praying for wealth and fame, beauty and love, blessing and longevity, good fortune, and reproductive worship, this paper extracts the pattern and color matching elements suitable for innovative design to show the forms of expression. The theme of pillow top pattern is mostly auspicious symbols representing auspicious meaning, which is reflected in people’s daily life, that is, the emotional expression of blessing culture. The culture of praying for blessings continues to modern times and has permeated people’s daily life. Pillow top art can seek innovative forms of expression with the help of its rich emotional language and auspicious symbolic elements, and with reference to the successful cases of Taiwan’s cultural and creative products.

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Lesmana, Iga Bagus, and Setya Yuwana Sudikan. "POLA BUDAYA BANYUWANGI DALAM NOVEL KARYA HASNAN SINGODIMAYAN SEBAGAI PENGENALAN BUDAYA PADA MATERI TEMATIK PENDIDIKAN DASAR." EduHumaniora | Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Kampus Cibiru 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/eh.v11i1.14054.

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Abstract:. This research aims to explain the cultural expression in the novel by Hasnan Singodimayan based on the perspective of cultural ecology. These cultural expressions include social patterns, political patterns, religious patterns. Hasnan Singodimayan's novel that was examined was the novel Kerudung Santet Gandrung and Niti Negari Bala Abangan. This research is a qualitative descriptive type and uses an interdisciplinary approach. Data collection using library techniques, while analyzing data using content analysis techniques. Content analysis is done by inference and analysis. The theory used is cultural ecology belonging to Julian H. Steward. The results showed that the cultural expression in the novel Kerudung Santet Gandrung and Niti Negari Bala Abangan contained human behavior patterns. This pattern is a social pattern, political pattern, and religious pattern. Social patterns can be found in community interactions and visiting activities and receiving guests. Political patterns exist in the Banyuwangi system of government during the Dutch, PKI, and current politics. Religious patterns are found in religious behavior that combines religion and culture. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that cultural expressions in Kerudung Santet Gandrung and Niti Negari Bala Abangan form cultural patterns, namely reciprocal social patterns, historical patterns in the form of history or periods, and religious patterns which are a combination of religion and culture.Keyword: The benefits of learning motivation, local wisdom of G1 Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan ekspresi budaya dalam novel karya Hasnan Singodimayan berdasarkan perspektif ekologi budaya. Ekspresi budaya tersebut meliputi pola sosial, pola politik, pola religi. Novel Hasnan Singodimayan yang diteliti adalah novel Kerudung Santet Gandrung dan Niti Negari Bala Abangan. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pustaka, sedangkan penganalisisan data menggunakan teknik analisis konten. Analisis konten dilakukan dengan cara inferensi dan analisis. Teori yang digunakan adalah ekologi budaya milik Julian H. Steward. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi budaya dalam novel Kerudung Santet Gandrung dan Niti Negari Bala Abangan terdapat pola prilaku manusia. Pola tersebut merupakan pola sosial, pola politik, dan pola religi. Pola sosial dapat ditemukan pada interaksi masyarakat dan kegiatan bertamu dan menerima tamu. Pola politik terdapat pada sistem pemerintahan Banyuwangi pada masa Belanda, PKI, dan politik saat ini. Pola religi terdapat pada perilaku beragama yang memadukan agama dan budaya. Berdasarkan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekspresi budaya dalam novel Kerudung Santet Gandrung dan Niti Negari Bala Abangan membentuk pola-pola budaya, yakni pola sosial yang bersifat timbal balik, pola politik yang berbentuk historis atau masa ke masa, dan pola religi yang merupakan perpaduan antara agama dan budaya.Kata Kunci: Ekspresi Budaya , Pola Budya, Ekologi Budaya

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Burusphat, Somsonge, and Qin Xiaohang. "Syntactic Patterns of Zhuang Idioms." MANUSYA 12, no. 3 (2009): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01203004.

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This paper describes idioms of the northern Zhuang language. Zhuang idioms are analyzed into two major types, based on syntactic structure: trisyllabic idioms and polysyllabic idioms. Tri-syllabic idioms are short, fixed common expressions consisting of a single predicate. The polysyllabic idioms comprise tetrasyllabic idioms, pentasyllabic idioms, hexasyllabic idioms, and heptasyllabic idioms. The polysyllabic idioms display four syntactic patterns, i.e., serial pattern, causative pattern, topicalized pattern, and condensed pattern. Semantically, the meanings of Zhuang idioms are not the sum of their component part but must be metaphorically interpreted as a whole. The function of Zhuang idioms is to increase effectiveness and rhetorical force in oral and literary communication.

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Maru, Mister Gidion. "THE PATTERN OF AMERICAN RHETORIC ON THE SPIRIT OF MISSION: AN ANALYSIS ON THE TEXT OF BUSHS INAUGURAL ADDRESS." Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature 16, no. 1 (July 20, 2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/celt.v16i1.483.

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As a textual study, this research paper aims at elaborating the rhetorical patterns in the American mind by examining the inaugural addresses George W Bush particularly on the spirit of mission. The study on this topic becomes urgent to be discussed in relation to the importance of understanding a rhetoric pattern in terms of developing teaching material for cross cultural awareness and language skills. The choosing of the presidents inaugural address as the mental evidences is not apart from the synthesis that they represents a formal speech which covers the socio-cultural aspects and they will bring a certain pattern of rhetoric in their attempt to communicate with public. For the purpose of achieving the aim of this research, the library research is carried out by applying Goffman?s Frame Analysis. The results show that the president constructs a certain pattern of rhetoric by using the Puritan expressions particularly for engaging American people with the spirit of mission. The rhetoric patterns are found to convey the national and world mission. The expressions used in the inaugural addresses seem to meet with peoples expectations as a new presidency is begun

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Hee, Katrin. "Usuelle Wortverbindungen in schulischen Kontexten." Linguistik Online 96, no. 3 (June 15, 2019): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.96.5533.

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The language of schooling is characterized by (formulaic) typical linguistic patterns. The existing research on language acquisition assumes that those patterns are acquired implicitely during primary language acquisition without didactical support. This paper questions this presupposition and investigates the mode of pattern acquisition, i.e. whether patterns are indeed acquired as fixed patterns/idiomatic expressions or are rather learned during the development of the language of schooling.

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Paoli, Bruno. "Meters and formulas." Linguistic Approaches to Poetry 15 (December 31, 2001): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.15.09pao.

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This paper deals with the metrical and rhythmical foundations of the formulaic style of ancient Arabic poetry. It is first shown how proper formulas can match different verse-patterns, by means of slight modifications such as the adjunction, deletion or substitution of conjunctions, prepositions, interrogative pronouns or aspectual markers, which partly behave like “stop-gaps”, keeping the meaning unchanged while modifying the metrical pattern of the formula. The analysis is then extended to “rhythmical formulas”, i.e. to combined metrical and word-stress patterns which serve as models for a great number of “formulaic expressions”. Word boundaries may be specified, as well as some morphological and syntactical informations, so that expressions derived from a same rhythmical formula can be classified into a number of more or less abstract subcategories. Finally, the syntagmatic combination of rhythmical formulas into lines leads to the identification of a small number of prototypical verse-instances underlying the various actual instances of a same verse-pattern.

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Le, Anh Duc, Bipin Indurkhya, and Masaki Nakagawa. "Pattern generation strategies for improving recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Expressions." Pattern Recognition Letters 128 (December 2019): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2019.09.002.

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XIONG, LEI, NANNING ZHENG, SHAOYI DU, and JIANYI LIU. "FACIAL EXPRESSION SYNTHESIS BASED ON FACIAL COMPONENT MODEL." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 23, no. 03 (May 2009): 637–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007235.

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Statistical model based facial expression synthesis methods are robust and can be easily used in real environment. But facial expressions of humans are varied. How to represent and synthesize expressions that are is not included in the training set is an unresolved problem in statistical model based researches. In this paper, we propose a two-step method. At first, we propose a statistical appearance model, the facial component model, to represent faces. The model divides the face into seven components, and constructs one global shape model and seven local texture models separately. The motivation to use global shape + local texture strategy is the combination of different components that can generate more types of expression than training sets and the global shape guarantees a "legal" result. Then a neighbor reconstruction framework is proposed to synthesize expressions. The framework estimates the target expression vector by a linear combination of neighbor subject's expression vectors. This paper primarily contributes three things: first, the proposed method can synthesize a wider range of expressions than with the training set. Second, experiments demonstrate that FCM is better than standard AAM in face representation. Third, neighbor reconstruction framework is very flexible. It can be used in multisamples with multitargets and single-sample with single-target applications.

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Zhao, Lei, Zengcai Wang, and Guoxin Zhang. "Facial Expression Recognition from Video Sequences Based on Spatial-Temporal Motion Local Binary Pattern and Gabor Multiorientation Fusion Histogram." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7206041.

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This paper proposes novel framework for facial expressions analysis using dynamic and static information in video sequences. First, based on incremental formulation, discriminative deformable face alignment method is adapted to locate facial points to correct in-plane head rotation and break up facial region from background. Then, spatial-temporal motion local binary pattern (LBP) feature is extracted and integrated with Gabor multiorientation fusion histogram to give descriptors, which reflect static and dynamic texture information of facial expressions. Finally, a one-versus-one strategy based multiclass support vector machine (SVM) classifier is applied to classify facial expressions. Experiments on Cohn-Kanade (CK) + facial expression dataset illustrate that integrated framework outperforms methods using single descriptors. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods on CK+, MMI, and Oulu-CASIA VIS datasets, our proposed framework performs better.

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Chen, Lulu, Chiung-Ting Wu, Chia-Hsiang Lin, Rujia Dai, Chunyu Liu, Robert Clarke, Guoqiang Yu, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, David M. Herrington, and Yue Wang. "swCAM: estimation of subtype-specific expressions in individual samples with unsupervised sample-wise deconvolution." Bioinformatics 38, no. 5 (December 14, 2021): 1403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab839.

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Abstract Motivation Complex biological tissues are often a heterogeneous mixture of several molecularly distinct cell subtypes. Both subtype compositions and subtype-specific (STS) expressions can vary across biological conditions. Computational deconvolution aims to dissect patterns of bulk tissue data into subtype compositions and STS expressions. Existing deconvolution methods can only estimate averaged STS expressions in a population, while many downstream analyses such as inferring co-expression networks in particular subtypes require subtype expression estimates in individual samples. However, individual-level deconvolution is a mathematically underdetermined problem because there are more variables than observations. Results We report a sample-wise Convex Analysis of Mixtures (swCAM) method that can estimate subtype proportions and STS expressions in individual samples from bulk tissue transcriptomes. We extend our previous CAM framework to include a new term accounting for between-sample variations and formulate swCAM as a nuclear-norm and ℓ2,1-norm regularized matrix factorization problem. We determine hyperparameter values using cross-validation with random entry exclusion and obtain a swCAM solution using an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers. Experimental results on realistic simulation data show that swCAM can accurately estimate STS expressions in individual samples and successfully extract co-expression networks in particular subtypes that are otherwise unobtainable using bulk data. In two real-world applications, swCAM analysis of bulk RNASeq data from brain tissue of cases and controls with bipolar disorder or Alzheimer’s disease identified significant changes in cell proportion, expression pattern and co-expression module in patient neurons. Comparative evaluation of swCAM versus peer methods is also provided. Availability and implementation The R Scripts of swCAM are freely available at https://github.com/Lululuella/swCAM. A user’s guide and a vignette are provided. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Wei, Guanning, Hongmei Sun, Haijun Wei, Tao Qin, Yifeng Yang, Xiaohong Xu, and Shoujing Zhao. "Detecting the Mechanism behind the Transition from Fixed Two-Dimensional Patterned Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Dermal Papilla Cells to Three-Dimensional Pattern." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094715.

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The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a self-aggregative three dimensional spheroidal (3D) cell pattern and a two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell pattern, correlating with different hair inducing properties. Whether the loss of self-aggregative behavior relates to species-specific differences or the improper culture condition remains unclear. Can the fixed 2D patterned dermal papilla cells recover the self-aggregative behavior and 3D pattern also remains undetected. Here, we successfully constructed the two growth patterns using sika deer (Cervus nippon) dermal papilla cells and proved it was the culture condition that determined the dermal papilla growth pattern. The two growth patterns could transit mutually as the culture condition was exchanged. The fixed 2D patterned sika deer dermal papilla cells could recover the self-aggregative behavior and transit back to 3D pattern, accompanied by the restoration of hair inducing capability when the culture condition was changed. In addition, the global gene expressions during the transition from 2D pattern to 3D pattern were compared to detect the potential regulating genes and pathways involved in the recovery of 3D pattern and hair inducing capability.

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Marshman, Elizabeth. "Expressions of uncertainty in candidate knowledge-rich contexts." Terminology 14, no. 1 (June 25, 2008): 124–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.14.1.07mar.

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In the widely bi- and multilingual context of work in terminology and terminography today, and with the increasing volume of text-based resources available for carrying out this work, there is a need for computer tools to assist terminologists and terminographers in their tasks — including knowledge acquisition, conceptual description, creation of concept systems, formulation of definitions, and establishment of equivalence between terms — in two or more languages. Conceptual relations may be very useful for all of these applications. One method of semi-automatically locating information about conceptual relations uses knowledge patterns, i.e., linguistic markers of relations that can be used to find segments of text that convey this information. However, this kind of approach faces a number of serious challenges, including that of evaluating the certainty and thus ultimate usefulness of the information identified. Moreover, to date little research has been carried out to evaluate whether knowledge-pattern-based approaches may be expected to encounter comparable phenomena with similar frequency in different languages. This article will explore expressions of uncertainty observed in occurrences of English and French knowledge patterns identifying conceptual relations of ASSOCIATION and CAUSE–EFFECT, and how these may differ in the two languages.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pattern expressions'

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