Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pattern expressions'
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Porcher, Mathieu. "CAMOLUTION : Contemporary surface pattern expressions in textile design." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13028.
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Camolution is a project that explores the camouflage pattern in a textile designcontext. The motive is to reinterpret an obsolete concealment function andinstead, to hide and reveal visual textile aspects within the pattern. Theprimary aim of this work is to develop a contemporary camouflage patterncollection of printed and knitted textiles, and to explore the concealmentfunction through visual deceptions. The patterns were developed witha method that uses a selection of rules in colour contrasts,style influences and textile proprieties to design a series of patternexperiments. The final pattern designs were screen printed, digitalprinted and knitted, and applied as garment prototypes. This part wasdone in collaboration with the fashion brand Björn Borg. The result setsout a collection of textiles and clothes connected by three differentconcepts of misled vision. It was found that the camouflage function in thiswork was an efficient tool to advertise the brand symbols within the textiles.This work proposes an alternative design method of using the camouflageconcept in textile design, contributing with new expressions, techniquesand qualities.
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Ulus, Dogan. "Pattern Matching with Time : Theory and Applications." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM003/document.
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Les systèmes dynamiques présentent des comportements temporels qui peuvent être exprimés sous diverses formes séquentielles telles que des signaux, des ondes, des séries chronologiques et des suites d'événements. Détecter des motifs sur de tels comportements temporels est une tâche fondamentale pour comprendre et évaluer ces systèmes. Étant donné que de nombreux comportements du système impliquent certaines caractéristiques temporelles, le besoin de spécifier et de détecter des motifs de comportements qui implique des exigences de synchronisation, appelées motifs temporisés, est évidente.Cependant, il s'agit d'une tâche non triviale due à un certain nombre de raisons, notamment la concomitance des sous-systèmes et la densité de temps.La contribution principale de cette thèse est l'introduction et le développement du filtrage par motif temporisé, c'est-à-dire l'identification des segments d'un comportement donné qui satisfont un motif temporisé. Nous proposons des expressions rationnelles temporisées (TRE) et la logique de la boussole métrique (MCL) comme langages de spécification pour motifs temporisés. Nous développons d'abord un nouveau cadre qui abstraite le calcul des aspects liés au temps appelé l'algèbre des relations temporisées. Ensuite, nous fournissons des algorithmes du filtrage hors ligne pour TRE et MCL sur des comportements à temps dense à valeurs discrètes en utilisant ce cadre et étudions quelques extensions pratiques.Il est nécessaire pour certains domaines d'application tels que le contrôle réactif que le filtrage par motif doit être effectué pendant l'exécution réelle du système. Pour cela, nous fournissons un algorithme du filtrage en ligne pour TREs basé sur la technique classique des dérivées d'expressions rationnelles. Nous croyons que la technique sous-jacente qui combine les dérivées et les relations temporisées constitue une autre contribution conceptuelle majeure pour la recherche sur les systèmes temporisés.Nous présentons un logiciel libre Montre qui implémente nos idées et algorithmes. Nous explorons diverses applications du filtrage par motif temporisé par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs études de cas. Enfin, nous discutons des orientations futures et plusieurs questions ouvertes qui ont émergé à la suite de cette thèseDynamical systems exhibit temporal behaviors that can be expressed in various sequential forms such as signals, waveforms, time series, and event sequences. Detecting patterns over such temporal behaviors is a fundamental task for understanding and assessing these systems. Since many system behaviors involve certain timing characteristics, the need to specify and detect patterns of behaviors that involves timing requirements, called timed patterns, is evident. However, this is a non-trivial task due to a number of reasons including the concurrency of subsystems and density of time.The key contribution of this thesis is in introducing and developing emph{timed pattern matching}, that is, the act of identifying segments of a given behavior that satisfy a timed pattern. We propose timed regular expressions (TREs) and metric compass logic (MCL) as timed pattern specification languages. We first develop a novel framework that abstracts the computation of time-related aspects called the algebra of timed relations. Then we provide offline matching algorithms for TRE and MCL over discrete-valued dense-time behaviors using this framework and study some practical extensions.It is necessary for some application areas such as reactive control that pattern matching needs to be performed during the actual execution of the system. For that, we provide an online matching algorithm for TREs based on the classical technique of derivatives of regular expressions. We believe the underlying technique that combines derivatives and timed relations constitutes another major conceptual contribution for timed systems research.Furthermore, we present an open-source tool Montre that implements our ideas and algorithms. We explore diverse applications of timed pattern matching over several case studies using Montre. Finally we discuss future directions and several open questions emerged as a result of this thesis
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Hansson, Malin. "Expanding textural expressions of synthetic non-woven." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23898.
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This degree work places itself in the field of textile design within printing and surface design. The primary motive is to explore methods of designing textural expressions of a non-woven polyester fabric which combine relief and printing techniques in order to design textiles with three-dimensional properties. The work explores possibilities on how to bring an aesthetic expression into a synthetic non-woven inlay fabric by using screen print, sublimation print and relief moulding towards an interior context. The purpose is to take advantage of the technical properties such as expansion, softness and stiffness of a non-woven polyester fabric into the design work. The design method consisted of a material-based pre-study to gain knowledge about non-woven materials and their reactions to heat, moulding possibilities and printing options. Further developments were done through workshops that explored frottage as design inspiration for final designs and gradations with halftones as a colouring method. The outcome of this degree work resulted in a collection of three textile pieces; a wall covering, a room divider and a sound absorber that are seen as prototypes for further development on how to give synthetic non-woven textiles an alternative aesthetic expression.
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Meier, Florian. ""beau platt“ : Contemporary Fashion Practice in the field of concrete and virtual visualizations of flat expressions." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13023.
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This work traces the visual potential of 2Dimensional space inthree dimensional garments and questions aesthetic standardsin the field of menswear. The aim is to discuss the visualconsensus of flat and spatial construction. Construction has been chosen as the key aspect for digital and analoginvestigations. It builds the main emphasis of this project and leads toa deeper visual understanding of how we perceive garments with clearborders between three - and two dimensional sections. The design process has a dual structure. 1st stage - ‚virtual investigation‘ This is where the experiments start. By using Simulation andrendering software such as ‚CLO3D‘, ‚Marvellous Designer‘ and ‚Keyshot‘the aim is to develop and unlock multiple constructionprinciples that deal with similar visual aspects. These results suggest anetwork of variations (garment types/parts, e.g. sleeve construction,trousers etc..) that need to be translated into real prototypes. 2nd stage - ‚Analog translation‘ Based on the preferred results of the 1st stage, the aim is to filter oneconstruction principle for further studies.The choice of working with the flat sleeve construction is the keyaspect and builds the fundamental for ellaborating the design process.This phase is mainly characterised by material and shape experimentsand relates to a lasting construction principle. The result suggest a spread of examples that deal with the sameconstruction principle. The examplified versions include differentmaterial qualities and differ in terms of their complexity in detailsolutions and production.The final choice works as a unit and offers different ways ofapproaching and developing the construction principle further.Especially the layering aspect in example 8 and 9 became dominantand very important for increasing the visual expression.That indication offers an imidiate and direct approach and showsthe potential within the field of 2D expressions.Nevertheless my next step would lead me back to the digital studiesto understand more about the diversity of layers in two dimensionalgarments. Eventually it would suggest both a wearable as well as aconceptual outcome.
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Kholgade, Natasha Prashant. "Recognition of human activities and expressions in video sequences using shape context descriptor /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10743.
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Siau, Nor Zainah. "A teachable semi-automatic web information extraction system based on evolved regular expression patterns." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14687.
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This thesis explores Web Information Extraction (WIE) and how it has been used in decision making and to support businesses in their daily operations. The research focuses on a WIE system based on Genetic Programming (GP) with an extensible model to enhance the automatic extractor. This uses a human as a teacher to identify and extract relevant information from the semi-structured HTML webpages. Regular expressions, which have been chosen as the pattern matching tool, are automatically generated based on the training data to provide an improved grammar and lexicon. This particularly benefits the GP system which may need to extend its lexicon in the presence of new tokens in the web pages. These tokens allow the GP method to produce new extraction patterns for new requirements.
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Košař, Vlastimil. "Implementace jednotky pro vyhledávání vzorů v FPGA." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237092.
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This term project focuses on algorithms for pattern matching used in modern IDS. The main focus is on regular expression matching. It deals with methods based on deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata, hybrid methods and with method based on regular expressions as programing langue for specialised processors. Implementation of pattern matching units based on some of described methodologies is described in next part. Methodology for resource consumption estimation is also described. Developed software system for unit generation is described in the next part. In the final part results are presented and discused.
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Álvaro, Muñoz Francisco. "Mathematical Expression Recognition based on Probabilistic Grammars." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/51665.
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[EN] Mathematical notation is well-known and used all over the
world. Humankind has evolved from simple methods representing
countings to current well-defined math notation able to account for
complex problems. Furthermore, mathematical expressions constitute a
universal language in scientific fields, and many information
resources containing mathematics have been created during the last
decades. However, in order to efficiently access all that information,
scientific documents have to be digitized or produced directly in
electronic formats.
Although most people is able to understand and produce mathematical
information, introducing math expressions into electronic devices
requires learning specific notations or using editors. Automatic
recognition of mathematical expressions aims at filling this gap
between the knowledge of a person and the input accepted by
computers. This way, printed documents containing math expressions
could be automatically digitized, and handwriting could be used for
direct input of math notation into electronic devices.
This thesis is devoted to develop an approach for mathematical
expression recognition. In this document we propose an approach for
recognizing any type of mathematical expression (printed or
handwritten) based on probabilistic grammars. In order to do so, we
develop the formal statistical framework such that derives several
probability distributions. Along the document, we deal with the
definition and estimation of all these probabilistic sources of
information. Finally, we define the parsing algorithm that globally
computes the most probable mathematical expression for a given input
according to the statistical framework.
An important point in this study is to provide objective performance
evaluation and report results using public data and standard
metrics. We inspected the problems of automatic evaluation in this
field and looked for the best solutions. We also report several
experiments using public databases and we participated in several
international competitions. Furthermore, we have released most of the
software developed in this thesis as open source.
We also explore some of the applications of mathematical expression
recognition. In addition to the direct applications of transcription
and digitization, we report two important proposals. First, we
developed mucaptcha, a method to tell humans and computers apart by
means of math handwriting input, which represents a novel application
of math expression recognition. Second, we tackled the problem of
layout analysis of structured documents using the statistical
framework developed in this thesis, because both are two-dimensional
problems that can be modeled with probabilistic grammars.
The approach developed in this thesis for mathematical expression
recognition has obtained good results at different levels. It has
produced several scientific publications in international conferences
and journals, and has been awarded in international competitions.[ES] La notación matemática es bien conocida y se utiliza en todo el mundo. La humanidad ha evolucionado desde simples métodos para representar cuentas hasta la notación formal actual capaz de modelar problemas complejos. Además, las expresiones matemáticas constituyen un idioma universal en el mundo científico, y se han creado muchos recursos que contienen matemáticas durante las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, para acceder de forma eficiente a toda esa información, los documentos científicos han de ser digitalizados o producidos directamente en formatos electrónicos. Aunque la mayoría de personas es capaz de entender y producir información matemática, introducir expresiones matemáticas en dispositivos electrónicos requiere aprender notaciones especiales o usar editores. El reconocimiento automático de expresiones matemáticas tiene como objetivo llenar ese espacio existente entre el conocimiento de una persona y la entrada que aceptan los ordenadores. De este modo, documentos impresos que contienen fórmulas podrían digitalizarse automáticamente, y la escritura se podría utilizar para introducir directamente notación matemática en dispositivos electrónicos. Esta tesis está centrada en desarrollar un método para reconocer expresiones matemáticas. En este documento proponemos un método para reconocer cualquier tipo de fórmula (impresa o manuscrita) basado en gramáticas probabilísticas. Para ello, desarrollamos el marco estadístico formal que deriva varias distribuciones de probabilidad. A lo largo del documento, abordamos la definición y estimación de todas estas fuentes de información probabilística. Finalmente, definimos el algoritmo que, dada cierta entrada, calcula globalmente la expresión matemática más probable de acuerdo al marco estadístico. Un aspecto importante de este trabajo es proporcionar una evaluación objetiva de los resultados y presentarlos usando datos públicos y medidas estándar. Por ello, estudiamos los problemas de la evaluación automática en este campo y buscamos las mejores soluciones. Asimismo, presentamos diversos experimentos usando bases de datos públicas y hemos participado en varias competiciones internacionales. Además, hemos publicado como código abierto la mayoría del software desarrollado en esta tesis. También hemos explorado algunas de las aplicaciones del reconocimiento de expresiones matemáticas. Además de las aplicaciones directas de transcripción y digitalización, presentamos dos propuestas importantes. En primer lugar, desarrollamos mucaptcha, un método para discriminar entre humanos y ordenadores mediante la escritura de expresiones matemáticas, el cual representa una novedosa aplicación del reconocimiento de fórmulas. En segundo lugar, abordamos el problema de detectar y segmentar la estructura de documentos utilizando el marco estadístico formal desarrollado en esta tesis, dado que ambos son problemas bidimensionales que pueden modelarse con gramáticas probabilísticas. El método desarrollado en esta tesis para reconocer expresiones matemáticas ha obtenido buenos resultados a diferentes niveles. Este trabajo ha producido varias publicaciones en conferencias internacionales y revistas, y ha sido premiado en competiciones internacionales.
[CAT] La notació matemàtica és ben coneguda i s'utilitza a tot el món. La humanitat ha evolucionat des de simples mètodes per representar comptes fins a la notació formal actual capaç de modelar problemes complexos. A més, les expressions matemàtiques constitueixen un idioma universal al món científic, i s'han creat molts recursos que contenen matemàtiques durant les últimes dècades. No obstant això, per accedir de forma eficient a tota aquesta informació, els documents científics han de ser digitalitzats o produïts directament en formats electrònics. Encara que la majoria de persones és capaç d'entendre i produir informació matemàtica, introduir expressions matemàtiques en dispositius electrònics requereix aprendre notacions especials o usar editors. El reconeixement automàtic d'expressions matemàtiques té per objectiu omplir aquest espai existent entre el coneixement d'una persona i l'entrada que accepten els ordinadors. D'aquesta manera, documents impresos que contenen fórmules podrien digitalitzar-se automàticament, i l'escriptura es podria utilitzar per introduir directament notació matemàtica en dispositius electrònics. Aquesta tesi està centrada en desenvolupar un mètode per reconèixer expressions matemàtiques. En aquest document proposem un mètode per reconèixer qualsevol tipus de fórmula (impresa o manuscrita) basat en gramàtiques probabilístiques. Amb aquesta finalitat, desenvolupem el marc estadístic formal que deriva diverses distribucions de probabilitat. Al llarg del document, abordem la definició i estimació de totes aquestes fonts d'informació probabilística. Finalment, definim l'algorisme que, donada certa entrada, calcula globalment l'expressió matemàtica més probable d'acord al marc estadístic. Un aspecte important d'aquest treball és proporcionar una avaluació objectiva dels resultats i presentar-los usant dades públiques i mesures estàndard. Per això, estudiem els problemes de l'avaluació automàtica en aquest camp i busquem les millors solucions. Així mateix, presentem diversos experiments usant bases de dades públiques i hem participat en diverses competicions internacionals. A més, hem publicat com a codi obert la majoria del software desenvolupat en aquesta tesi. També hem explorat algunes de les aplicacions del reconeixement d'expressions matemàtiques. A més de les aplicacions directes de transcripció i digitalització, presentem dues propostes importants. En primer lloc, desenvolupem mucaptcha, un mètode per discriminar entre humans i ordinadors mitjançant l'escriptura d'expressions matemàtiques, el qual representa una nova aplicació del reconeixement de fórmules. En segon lloc, abordem el problema de detectar i segmentar l'estructura de documents utilitzant el marc estadístic formal desenvolupat en aquesta tesi, donat que ambdós són problemes bidimensionals que poden modelar-se amb gramàtiques probabilístiques. El mètode desenvolupat en aquesta tesi per reconèixer expressions matemàtiques ha obtingut bons resultats a diferents nivells. Aquest treball ha produït diverses publicacions en conferències internacionals i revistes, i ha sigut premiat en competicions internacionals.
Álvaro Muñoz, F. (2015). Mathematical Expression Recognition based on Probabilistic Grammars [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/51665
TESIS
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Freitas, Fernando de Almeida. "Reconhecimento automático de expressões faciais gramaticais na língua brasileira de sinais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100131/tde-10072015-100311/.
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O Reconhecimento das Expressões Faciais tem atraído bastante a atenção dos pesquisadores nas últimas décadas, principalmente devido às suas ponteciais aplicações. Nas Línguas de Sinais, por serem línguas de modalidade visual-espacial e não contarem com o suporte sonoro da entonação, as Expressões Faciais ganham uma importância ainda maior, pois colaboram também para formar a estrutura gramatical da língua. Tais expressões são chamadas Expressões Faciais Gramaticais e estão presentes nos níveis morfológico e sintático das Línguas de Sinais, elas ganham destaque no processo de reconhecimento automático das Línguas de Sinais, pois colaboram para retirada de ambiguidades entre sinais que possuem parâmetros semelhantes, como configuração de mãos e ponto de articulação, além de colaborarem na composição do sentido semântico das sentenças. Assim, este projeto de pesquisa em nível de mestrado tem por objetivo desenvolver um conjunto de modelos de reconhecimento de padrões capazes de resolver o problema de intepretação automática de Expressões Faciais Gramaticais, usadas no contexto da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (Libras), considerando-as em Nível Sintático.The facial expression recognition has attracted most of the researchers attention over the last years, because of that it can be very useful in many applications. The Sign Language is a spatio-visual language and it does not have the speech intonation support, so Facial Expression gain relative importance to convey grammatical information in a signed sentence and they contributed to morphological and/or syntactic level to a Sign Language. Those expressions are called Grammatical Facial Expression and they cooperate to solve the ambiguity between signs and give meaning to sentences. Thus, this research project aims to develop models that make possible to recognize automatically Grammatical Facial Expressions from Brazilian Sign Language (Libras)
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Voth, Stephanie. "MICROBIAL DNA RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3129.
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AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the expression of microbial nucleic acid receptors including Toll like receptor 9 “TLR-9”, DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors “DAI” and absent in melanoma “AIM-2” in chronic periodontitis (P) versus healthy (H) tissues. METHODS: 33 chronic periodontitis (P) and 27 periodontally-healthy (H) gingival biopsies were included. The gene and protein expression for each receptor was determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Our results revealed statistically significant up-regulation of TLR-9 (p<0.006) and DAI (p<0.001) gene expression in P tissues compared to H sites. We were also able to demonstrate significant correlation among three DNA receptors (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the expression of DNA sensors in gingival tissues. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a possible role for nucleic acid sensing in periodontal inflammation. Further investigations will determine whether cytoplasmic receptors and their ligands can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
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Helmersson, Benjamin. "Definition Extraction From Swedish Technical Documentation : Bridging the gap between industry and academy approaches." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131057.
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Terminology is concerned with the creation and maintenance of concept systems, terms and definitions. Automatic term and definition extraction is used to simplify this otherwise manual and sometimes tedious process. This thesis presents an integrated approach of pattern matching and machine learning, utilising feature vectors in which each feature is a Boolean function of a regular expression. The integrated approach is compared with the two more classic approaches, showing a significant increase in recall while maintaining a comparable precision score. Less promising is the negative correlation between the performance of the integrated approach and training size. Further research is suggested.
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Nalubamba, King Shimumbo. "Characterization of ovine pattern recognition receptors expression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29909.
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The first part of my project involved the cloning, sequencing and analysis of genes for the ten sheep TLRs, adapter molecules and C-type lectins; this facilitated the development of quantitative, real-time RT-PCR assays for the accurate measurement of gene transcripts. Initial experiments used these assays to quantify innate receptor transcript levels in a range of tissues from clinically healthy adult sheep; in the distinct peripheral blood lymphocyte populations and the two afferent lymph dendritic cells subsets. The spleen, lung and lymph nodes express all TLRs; the kidney expresses high levels of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, but very low levels of TLR8, 9 and 10. The skin expresses low levels of TLR5, 6, 9 and 10 mRNA. CD172a+ DC express TLR3, 4 and 9 while CD172a- DC are Dectin-2 negative, TLR3+/-. To explore PRR expression in foetal immune system, second trimester foetal skin and spleens were collected for PRR mRNA expression determination. Foetal spleens have comparable levels of PRRs except for CD14. Significant differences were observed with TLR1, 4, 5, CD14, CARD15 and Dectin-1 between foetal and adult skin tissues. These baseline data allow deviations from normal to be identified in diseased states, Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Map) and has three clinical forms – asymptomatic, paucibacillary or multibacillary associated with different types of immune response possibly influenced by the particular innate receptors. Consequently the differential pattern of PRR expression in the three forms of JD might be crucial to the pathogenesis of Map. Results from the present study show the importance of the following PRRs in ovine Johne’s disease discrimination; TLR2, CD14, TLR8, CARD15(NOD2), dectin-1 and dectin-2. These findings provide an insight into one facet of Map innate immune recognition and help to elucidate new target genes for possible mutation analyses and disease genotyping.
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Yu, Yu-yang Yao. "Alternative splicing pattern of the slowpoke gene /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004408.
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Cardoso, Maria Eduarda de Araújo. "Segmentação automática de Expressões Faciais Gramaticais com Multilayer Perceptrons e Misturas de Especialistas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100131/tde-25112018-203224/.
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O reconhecimento de expressões faciais é uma área de interesse da ciência da computação e tem sido um atrativo para pesquisadores de diferentes áreas, pois tem potencial para promover o desenvolvimento de diferentes tipos de aplicações. Reconhecer automaticamente essas expressões tem se tornado um objetivo, principalmente na área de análise do comportamento humano. Especialmente para estudo das línguas de sinais, a análise das expressões faciais é importante para a interpretação do discurso, pois é o elemento que permite expressar informação prosódica, suporta o desenvolvimento da estrutura gramatical e semântica da língua, e ajuda na formação de sinais com outros elementos básicos da língua. Nesse contexto, as expressões faciais são chamadas de expressões faciais gramaticais e colaboram na composição no sentido semântico das sentenças. Entre as linhas de estudo que exploram essa temática, está aquela que pretende implementar a análise automática da língua de sinais. Para aplicações com objetivo de interpretar línguas de sinais de forma automatizada, é preciso que tais expressões sejam identificadas no curso de uma sinalização, e essa tarefa dá-se é definida como segmentação de expressões faciais gramaticais. Para essa área, faz-se útil o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura capaz de realizar a identificação de tais expressões em uma sentença, segmentando-a de acordo com cada tipo diferente de expressão usada em sua construção. Dada a necessidade do desenvolvimento dessa arquitetura, esta pesquisa apresenta: uma análise dos estudos na área para levantar o estado da arte; a implementação de algoritmos de reconhecimento de padrões usando Multilayer Perceptron e misturas de especialistas para a resolução do problema de reconhecimento da expressão facial; a comparação desses algoritmos reconhecedores das expressões faciais gramaticais usadas na concepção de sentenças na Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). A implementação e teste dos algoritmos mostraram que a segmentação automática de expressões faciais gramaticais é viável em contextos dependentes do usuários. Para contextos independentes de usuários, o problema de segmentação de expressões faciais representa um desafio que requer, principalmente, a organização de um ambiente de aprendizado estruturado sobre um conjunto de dados com volume e diversidade maior do que os atualmente disponíveisThe recognition of facial expressions is an area of interest in computer science and has been an attraction for researchers in different fields since it has potential for development of different types of applications. Automatically recognizing these expressions has become a goal primarily in the area of human behavior analysis. Especially for the study of sign languages, the analysis of facial expressions represents an important factor for the interpretation of discourse, since it is the element that allows expressing prosodic information, supports the development of the grammatical and semantic structure of the language, and eliminates ambiguities between similar signs. In this context, facial expressions are called grammatical facial expressions. These expressions collaborate in the semantic composition of the sentences. Among the lines of study that explore this theme is the one that intends to implement the automatic analysis of sign language. For applications aiming to interpret signal languages in an automated way, it is necessary that such expressions be identified in the course of a signaling, and that task is called \"segmentation of grammatical facial expressions\'\'. For this area, it is useful to develop an architecture capable of performing the identification of such expressions in a sentence, segmenting it according to each different type of expression used in its construction. Given the need to develop this architecture, this research presents: a review of studies already carried out in the area; the implementation of pattern recognition algorithms using Multilayer Perceptron and mixtures of experts to solve the facial expression recognition problem; the comparison of these algorithms as recognizers of grammatical facial expressions used in the conception of sentences in the Brazilian Language of Signs (Libras). The implementation and tests carried out with such algorithms showed that the automatic segmentation of grammatical facial expressions is practicable in user-dependent contexts. Regarding user-independent contexts, this is a challenge which demands the organization of a learning environment structured on datasets bigger and more diversified than those current available
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Jonsson, Per. "Improving Clustering of Gene Expression Patterns." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-482.
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The central question investigated in this project was whether clustering of gene expression patterns could be done more biologically accurate by providing the clustering technique with additional information about the genes as input besides the expression levels. With the term biologically accurate we mean that the genes should not only be clustered together according to their similarities in expression profiles, but also according to their functional similarity in terms of functional annotation and metabolic pathway. The data was collected at AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal Sweden and the applied computational technique was self-organising maps. In our experiments we used the combination of expression profiles together with enzyme classification annotation as input for the self-organising maps instead of just the expression profiles. The results were evaluated both statistically and biologically. The statistical evaluation showed that our method resulted in a small decrease in terms of compactness and isolation. The biological evaluation showed that our method resulted in clusters with greater functional homogeneity with respect to enzyme classification, functional hierarchy and metabolic pathway annotation.
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Holgate, Robert George Edward. "The use of the yeast two-hybrid system as a means of identifying protein interactors of the human protein, BMI-1." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322737.
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Lindskog, Bergström Cecilia. "Tissue Microarrays for Analysis of Expression Patterns." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär och morfologisk patologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-186272.
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Proteins are essential building blocks in every living cell, and since the complete human genome was sequenced in 2004, researchers have attempted to map the human proteome, which is the functional representation of the genome. One such initiative is the Human Protein Atlas programme (HPA), which generates monospecific antibodies towards all human proteins and uses these for high-throughput tissue profiling on tissue microarrays (TMAs). The results are publically available at the website www.proteinatlas.org. In this thesis, TMAs were used for analysis of expression patterns in various research areas. Different search queries in the HPA were tested and evaluated, and a number of potential biomarkers were identified, e.g. proteins exclusively expressed in islets of Langerhans, but not in exocrine glandular cells or other abdominal organs close to pancreas. The identified candidates were further analyzed on TMAs with pancreatic tissues from normal and diabetic individuals, and colocalization studies with insulin and glucagon revealed that several of the investigated proteins (DGCR2, GBF1, GPR44 and SerpinB10) appeared to be beta cell specific. Moreover, a set of proteins differentially expressed in lung cancer stroma was further analyzed on a clinical lung cancer cohort in the TMA format, and one protein (CD99) was significantly associated with survival. In addition, TMAs with tissue samples from different species were generated, e.g. for mapping of influenza virus attachment in various human and avian tissues. The results showed that the gull influenza virus H16N3 attached to human respiratory tract and eye, suggesting possible transmission of the virus between gull and human. TMAs were also used for analysis of protein expression differences between humans and other primates, and two proteins (TCF3 and SATB2) proved to be significantly differentially expressed on the human lineage at both the protein level and the RNA level. In conclusion, this thesis exemplifies the potential of the TMA technology, which can be used for analysis of expression patterns in a large variety of research fields, such as biomarker discovery, influenza virus research or further understanding of human evolution.
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Tan, Wooi-keng, and 陳慧卿. "Expression patterns of housekeeping genes in cancer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29892892.
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Zemanay, Widaad. "Altered protein expression patterns in oesophageal cancer." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3157.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-143).
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma presents a significant health burden in South Africa. It is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality of South African black males, as a result of its asymptomatic progression leading to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify membrane or membrane-associated proteins that are expressed at different levels in oesophageal tumour tissue when compared to normal tissue. The identification of such proteins would be an important step towards the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this disease. Two proteomic approaches, were employed to identify differentially expressed proteins.
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Chavali, Gautam Krishna, Sai Kumar N. V. Bhavaraju, Tushal Adusumilli, and VenuGopal Puripanda. "Micro-Expression Extraction For Lie Detection Using Eulerian Video (Motion and Color) Magnication." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3467.
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Lie-detection has been an evergreen and evolving subject. Polygraph techniques have been the most popular and successful technique till date. The main drawback of the polygraph is that good results cannot be attained without maintaining a physical contact, of the subject under test. In general, this physical contact would induce extra consciousness in the subject. Also, any sort of arousal in the subject triggers false positives while performing the traditional polygraph based tests. With all these drawbacks in the polygraph, also, due to rapid developments in the fields of computer vision and artificial intelligence, with newer and faster algorithms, have compelled mankind to search and adapt to contemporary methods in lie-detection. Observing the facial expressions of emotions in a person without any physical contact and implementing these techniques using artificial intelligence is one such method. The concept of magnifying a micro expression and trying to decipher them is rather premature at this stage but would evolve in future. Magnification using EVM technique has been proposed recently and it is rather new to extract these micro expressions from magnified EVM based on HOG features. Till date, HOG features have been used in conjunction with SVM, and generally for person/pedestrian detection. A newer, simpler and contemporary method of applying EVM with HOG features and Back-propagation Neural Network jointly has been introduced and proposed to extract and decipher the micro-expressions on the face. Micro-expressions go unnoticed due to its involuntary nature, but EVM is used to magnify them and makes them noticeable. Emotions behind the micro-expressions are extracted and recognized using the HOG features \& Back-Propagation Neural Network. One of the important aspects that has to be dealt with human beings is a biased mind. Since, an investigator is also a human and, he too, has to deal with his own assumptions and emotions, a Neural Network is used to give the investigator an unbiased start in identifying the true emotions behind every micro-expression. On the whole, this proposed system is not a lie-detector, but helps in detecting the emotions of the subject under test. By further investigation, a lie can be detected.This thesis uses a magnification technique to magnify the subtle, faint and spontaneous facial muscle movements or more precisely, micro-expressions. This magnification would help a system in classifying them and estimating the emotion behind them. This technique additionally magnifies the color changes, which could be used to extract the pulse without a physical contact with the subject. The results are presented in a GUI.
Gautam: +46(0)739528573, +91-9701534064 Tushal: +46(0)723219833, +91-9000242241 Venu: +46(0)734780266, +91-9298653191 Sai: +91-9989410111
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Ho, Johnny Tsung Lin. "PERG-Rx : an FPGA-based pattern-matching engine with limited regular expression support for large pattern databases." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12921.
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Pattern-matching is a fundamental technique found in applications like a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) and antivirus. By comparing an input data stream against a set of predefined byte-string patterns, malicious activities can be detected. Due to the increasing pattern database size, hardware engines are frequently being used to accelerate pattern-matching because software-based solution can no longer keep up.
This thesis presents PERG, a FPGA-based pattern-matching engine targeted for the large pattern database found in Clam AntiVirus (ClamAV). Previous hardware pattern-matching engines have targeted the Snort database used in NIDS. PERG is the first hardware pattern-matching engine designed for the ClamAV pattern database, which is several times larger than Snort in both the number of patterns and the range of pattern lengths. Among hash-based pattern-matching hardware, PERG is the first to integrate limited regular-expression support. In ClamAV, this feature is needed for polymorphic virus detection. Finally among hash-based hardware pattern-matching engines, PERG is the first to implement Bloomier filters. With Bloomier filters, the process of exact matching to verify a false positive in PERG is much simpler and faster than other hash-based pattern-matching engines which use traditional Bloom filters.
To reduce hardware resources, PERG uses a pattern compiler to transform the pattern database into an optimized hardware implementation. The compiler packs as many pattern strings as possible into each Bloomier filter unit, a hardware module, by consolidating several different pattern lengths into the same filter unit. To further save on hardware resources, limited regular-expression support for wildcard patterns is provided using a lossy scheme, which trades off a slight increase in false-positive probability to gain significant savings in hardware resources. False-negative probability in PERG remains zero.
Using the ClamAV antivirus database, PERG fits 84,387 patterns containing over 8,645,488 characters into a single modest FPGA chip with a small (4 MB) off-chip memory. It uses just 26 filter units, resulting in roughly 24.7x improved density (characters per memory bit) compared to the next-best NIDS pattern-matching engine which fits only 1/126th the characters. PERG can scan at roughly 170MB/s and match the speed of most network or disk interfaces.
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Piekny, Alisa J. "Patterns of PKC53E protein expression in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24692.pdf.
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Sayeed, Rana Ahmed. "Patterns of ion channel expression in cardiac hypertrophy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616262.
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Zhan, Ce. "Facial expression recognition for multi-player on-line games." School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/100.
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Multi-player on-line games (MOGs) have become increasingly popular because of the opportunity they provide for collaboration, communications and interactions. However, compared with ordinary human communication, MOG still has several limitations, especially in the communication using facial expressions. Although detailed facial animation has already been achieved in a number of MOGs, players have to use text commands to control the expressions of avatars. This thesis proposes an automatic expression recognition system that can be integrated into a MOG to control the facial expressions of avatars. To meet the specific requirements of such a system, a number of algorithms are studied, tailored and extended. In particular, Viola-Jones face detection method is modified in several aspects to detect small scale key facial components with wide shape variations. In addition a new coarse-to-fine method is proposed for extracting 20 facial landmarks from image sequences. The proposed system has been evaluated on a number of databases that are different from the training database and achieved 83% recognition rate for 4 emotional state expressions. During the real-time test, the system achieved an average frame rate of 13 fps for 320 x 240 images on a PC with 2.80 GHz Intel Pentium. Testing results have shown that the system has a practical range of working distances (from user to camera), and is robust against variations in lighting and backgrounds.
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Charoensawan, Varodom. "Evolution and dynamics of transcription factors and gene expression patterns." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609169.
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Sabatier, Laetitia Lea. "Fibrillins: functional aspects, assembly and expression patterns in development." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106234.
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Fibrillins constitute the major backbone of multi-functional microfibrils in elastic and non-elastic extracellular matrices. Proper expression, assembly and homeostasis mechanisms are central to the formation and function of these microfibrils. These properties are often compromised in pathological situations such as Marfan syndrome and other fibrillinopathies caused by mutations in fibrillins.While the developmental expression of fibrillin-1 and -2 has been intensely studied, fibrillin-3 is much less characterized in this regard. In this thesis, we analyze the developmental expression of human fibrillin-3 and compare it to that of other fibrillin isoforms. Fibrillin-3 is widely expressed in connective tissues of many organs as well as in close proximity to basement membranes of developing epithelia and endothelia. Generally, fibrillins are expressed in the same organs with a number of differences on the tissue level suggesting that fibrillin-3 fulfills specific functions in human development, both overlapping and distinct compared to the other fibrillin isoforms.In the present work, we identify fibronectin as a novel binding ligand for all fibrillins and demonstrate the requirement of a preassembled fibronectin network for fibrillin-1 network assembly and homeostasis. We show that multimerized C-terminal halves of all fibrillins and the N-terminal half of fibrillin-1 interact with high affinity with the collagen/gelatin binding region of fibronectin as well as with some lower affinity sites outside this region. In this study, we further characterize the role of heparin/heparan sulfate in microfibril assembly and its interaction with fibrillins. We demonstrate that fibrillin-2 and -3 interact with heparin/heparan sulfate and that fibrillin multimerization increases the avidity for heparin/heparan sulfate. We also show that heparin/heparan sulfate acts as a regulator of fibrillin homo- and heterotypic interactions, which are critical for microfibril assembly. Our results refine the sequence of events leading to microfibril assembly, consolidated in a new model.Fibrilline forme l'ossature des microfibrilles multifonctionnelles présentes dans les matrices élastiques et non-élastiques. Un bon fonctionnement des mécanismes d'expression, d'assemblé et d'homéostasie est essentiel à la formation de microfibrilles fonctionnelles. Ces mécanismes sont souvent altérés par des mutations dans les fibrillines lors de pathologies telles que le syndrome de Marfan et autres fibrillinopathies. Bien que l'expression développementale des fibrillines-1 et -2 eut été intensément étudiée, peu d'informations sur l'expression de fibrilline-3 sont connues. Dans cette thèse, nous analysons l'expression développementale de la protéine humaine fibrilline-3 et la comparons à l'expression des autres fibrillines. Fibrilline-3 est exprimée dans le tissue conjonctif de nombreux organes ainsi que proches des membranes basales épithéliales et endothéliales. Les trois fibrillines sont généralement exprimées dans les mêmes organes avec quelques différences au niveau tissulaire. Ces résultats suggèrent que fibrilline-3 ait des fonctions précises dans le développement humain, ces fonctions pouvant être identiques ou différentes des autres fibrillines.Dans cette étude, nous définissons fibronectine comme interagissant avec toutes les fibrillines et démontrons qu'un réseau préétabli de fibronectine est essentiel à la formation et l'homéostasie du réseau de fibrilline-1. Nous montrons que la moitié carboxylique multimérique de toutes les fibrillines ainsi que la moitié aminique de fibrilline-1 interagissent avec grande affinité avec la région d'interaction de collagène et gélatine de fibronectine ainsi qu'avec d'autres régions. Dans le travail présent, nous caractérisons aussi le rôle joué par héparine-sulfate d'héparane dans l'assemblé des microfibrilles ainsi que son intéraction avec les fibrillines. Nous démontrons que fibrilline-2 et -3 intéragissent avec héparine-sulfate d'héparane et que la multimerization des fibrillines augmente l'avidé pour l'héparine-sulfate d'héparane. Nous démontrons aussi que l'héparine-sulfate d'héparane agit en tant que régulateur des intéractions homo- et hétérotopiques entre fibrillines, ce qui est crucial pour l'assemblé des microfibrilles. La séquence d'évènements participant à la formation de microfibrilles est redéfinie par nos résultats et est présentée dans un nouveau modèle.
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Tsang, Hiu-Gwen. "Investigating gene expression patterns in the mammalian cardiovascular system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31180.
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The cardiovascular system is an essential component of mammalian biology. It is a complex network of various tissues and structures with unique functions. The function of the cardiovascular system is to supply nutrients including oxygen to the various cells, tissues and organs within the body, and remove waste products from them. Given the importance of this role, it is not surprising that there are countless regulatory mechanisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels that are required to support this functional system. Perturbations in parts of this system are likely to lead to abnormalities, and thus give rise to cardiovascular-related diseases. Despite the currently expanding list of genes reported to be involved in a variety of cardiovascular-related diseases, including calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), the functions and associated pathways of these factors in both normal and pathological physiology have yet to be fully understood, such as at the transcriptomic level. In this thesis, a genome-wide transcriptomic atlas of the healthy mammalian cardiovascular system was generated using the sheep as a large animal model. This atlas was generated using RNA-seq, with the aim of further understanding normal gene expression patterns in the context of the known physiology of healthy mammalian tissues. Through this work, I identified novel gene networks and detailed functional clustering of co-expressed genes with region-specific expression and specialised cardiovascular roles. One interesting cluster was highly expressed in the cardiac valves, and shared genes found in physiological bone development, such as bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), collagen type I alpha 2 (COL1A2), Sry homeobox 8 (SOX8) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), some of which have been implicated in vascular calcification. Further to this work, I studied the expression profiles of these key cardiovascular genes during development in the sheep from foetal to adult stages. In addition, I investigated the gene expression patterns of various key vascular calcification genes. These studies showed differential expression of genes in the different cardiovascular tissues, demonstrating transcriptional differences between these different tissues known to have different functions. CAVD involves progressive valve leaflet thickening and severe calcification, resulting in impaired leaflet motion. The in vitro calcification of primary rat, human, porcine and bovine aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) is commonly employed to examine the mechanisms of CAVD. However, to date, no published studies have utilised cell lines to investigate this process Thus, in this project, I generated and evaluated the calcification potential of an immortalised cell line derived from sheep aortic VICs (SAVICs). This novel large animal in vitro model of CAVD was demonstrated to calcify under high calcium and phosphate conditions. Changes in the expression of key calcification genes during VIC calcification was also observed, including increased mRNA expression of bone markers Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 (PiT1), and a concomitant decrease in matrix Gla protein (MGP) mRNA expression. In addition, the role of extracellular nucleotides and their receptors (P2 receptors), which have been previously shown to be important in bone and vascular calcification, were investigated using SAVICs in vitro. This study has shown that extracellular nucleotides, particularly adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) and uridine 5’-triphosphate (UTP) and other agonists of P2 receptors, reduced VIC calcification in vitro. Moreover, the cutting-edge gene-editing technology, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9), was successfully applied to generate large animal models of cardiovascular-related diseases. In this project, I applied the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and fibrillin 1 (FBN1) to generate two models of vascular calcification and Marfan Syndrome (MFS), respectively. In the ENPP1-edited animals, soft tissue calcification has been observed in the biallelic mutant and homozygous pigs. In this project, I have developed a range of novel in vitro and in vivo tools to advance the study of cardiovascular disease. These studies demonstrate that large animal models are highly valuable in the field of cardiovascular biology. The in vivo and in vitro experimental models described should facilitate detailed analysis of cardiovascular molecular biology and ultimately lead to therapies which will minimise the morbidity and mortality currently arising from cardiovascular pathology.
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Chen, Xi. "SPATIOTEMPORAL EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF CHANNELS DURING EMBRYOGENESIS IN ZEBRAFISH." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1436474069.
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Oldridge, Emma. "Gene expression patterns in human prostate stem cell differentiation." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3804/.
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The identification of phenotypic differences between stem cells (SCs) and their more differentiated counterparts is crucial for designing novel SC-based therapeutics for prostate cancer (CaP). RARRES1 and LXN were identified as two homologous genes whose expression was highly significantly down-regulated in the SC fraction compared to more differentiated epithelial cells. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the expression, regulation and function of the SC-silenced genes RARRES1 and LXN, and their potential interacting partner CPA4 in prostate epithelial differentiation and CaP. We showed that RARRES1 and LXN were SC-silenced genes, whose expression was induced by the pro-differentiation agent all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). AtRA induced expression to a higher extent in the most differentiated cells than the SC fraction, suggesting that this sub-population was less responsive to atRA. Importantly, siRNA suppression of RARRES1 and LXN enhanced the SC properties of primary prostate cultures, as shown by a significant increase in their colony forming ability. Expression of both RARRES1 and LXN was co-ordinately repressed by DNA methylation in CaP cell lines and inhibition of RARRES1 and LXN increased the invasive capacity of primary prostate cultures, which also fully rescued an inhibitory effect induced by atRA. Despite their homology and adjacent location on chromosome 3, we provide evidence that RARRES1 and LXN reside within different sub-cellular compartments; RARRES1 is not a plasma membrane protein as previously supposed but is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, while LXN is localised to the nucleus of prostate epithelial cells. These data provide novel results identifying two potential tumour suppressor genes as co-ordinately regulated, SC-silenced genes that function to suppress the invasion and colony forming ability of CaP cells. Work now should be focussed on determining whether re-administration of RARRES1 and LXN would be a valid differentiation strategy for the treatment, and potentially eradication, of CaP.
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King, John F. "Comparisons of gene expression patterns in progressive breast carcinoma and the adjacent stromal microenvironment." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2949.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 18, 2008). Thesis directors: Donald Seto, Anna Baranova. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Bioinformatics. Vita: p. 105. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-104). Also available in print.
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Tsuchiya, Masatoshi. "A study on processing of Japanese functional expressions and definition patterns." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135957.
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Yoshida, Etsuko. "Patterns of use of referring expressions in English and Japanese dialogues." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4036.
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The main aim of the thesis is to investigate how discourse entities are linked with topic chaining and discourse coherence by showing that the choice and the distribution of referring expressions is correlated with the center transition patterns in the centering framework. The thesis provides an integrated interpretation in understanding the behaviour of referring expressions in discourse by considering the relation between referential choice and the local and global coherence of discourse. The thesis has three stages: (1) to provide a semantic and pragmatic perspective in a contrastive study of referring expressions in English and Japanese spontaneous dialogues, (2) to analyse the way anaphoric and deictic expressions can contribute to discourse organisation in structuring and focusing the specific discourse segment, and (3) to investigate the choice and the distribution of referring expressions in the Map Task Corpus and to clarify the way the participants collaborate to judge the most salient entity in the current discourse against their common ground. Significantly, despite the grammatical differences in the form of reference between the two languages, the ways of discourse development in both data sets show distinctive similarities in the process by which the topic entities are introduced, established, and shifted away to the subsequent topic entities. Comparing and contrasting the choice and the distribution of referring expressions of the four different transition patterns of centers, the crucial factors of their correspondent relations between English and Japanese referring expressions are shown in the findings that the topic chains of noun phrases are constructed and are treated like proper names in discourse. This can suggest that full noun phrases play a major role when the topic entity is established in the course of discourse. Since the existing centering model cannot handle the topic chain of noun phrases in the anaphoric relations in terms of the local focus of discourse, centering must be integrated with a model of global focus to account for both pronouns and full noun phrases that can be used for continuations across segment boundaries. Based on Walker’s cache model, I argue that the forms of anaphors are not always shorter, and the focus of attention is maintained by the chain of noun phrases rather than by (zero) pronouns both within a discourse segment and over discourse segment boundaries. These processes are predicted and likely to underlie other uses of language as well. The result can modify the existing perspectives that the focus of attention is normally represented by attenuated forms of reference, and full noun phrases always show focus-shift. In addition, necessary extension to the global coherence of discourse can link these anaphoric relations with the deictic expressions over discourse segment boundaries. Finally, I argue that the choice and the distribution of referring expressions in the Map Task Corpus depends on the way the participants collaborate to judge the most salient entity in the current discourse against their common ground.
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Khoubehi, Bijan. "The expression pattern of class III PAX genes in human prostate cancer." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251704.
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Feng, Yuanjian. "Detection and Characterization of Multilevel Genomic Patterns." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38577.
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DNA microarray has become a powerful tool in genetics, molecular biology, and biomedical research. DNA microarray can be used for measuring the genotypes, structural changes, and gene expressions of human genomes. Detection and characterization of multilevel, high-throughput microarray genomic data pose new challenges to statistical pattern recognition and machine learning research. In this dissertation, we propose novel computational methods for analyzing DNA copy number changes and learning the trees of phenotypes using DNA microarray data.
DNA copy number change is an important form of structural variations in human genomes. The copy number signals measured by high-density DNA microarrays usually have low signal-to-noise ratios and complex patterns due to inhomogeneous composition of tissue samples. We propose a robust detection method for extracting copy number changes in a single signal profile and consensus copy number changes in the signal profiles of a population. We adapt a solution-path algorithm to efficiently solve the optimization problems associated with the proposed method. We tested the proposed method on both simulation and real CGH and SNP microarray datasets, and observed competitively improved performance as compared to several widely-adopted copy number change detection methods. We also propose a chromosome instability measure to summarize the extracted copy number changes for assessing chromosomal instabilities of tumor genomes. The proposed measure demonstrates distinct patterns between different subtypes of ovarian serous carcinomas and normal samples.
Among active research on complex human diseases using genomic data, little effort and progress have been made in discovering the relational structural information embedded in the molecular data. We propose two stability analysis based methods to learn stable and highly resolved trees of phenotypes using microarray gene expression data of heterogeneous diseases. In the first method, we use a hierarchical, divisive visualization approach to explore the tree of phenotypes and a leave-one-out cross validation to select stable tree structures. In the second method, we propose a node bandwidth constraint to construct stable trees that can balance the descriptive power and reproducibility of tree structures. Using a top-down merging procedure, we modify the binary tree structures learned by hierarchical group clustering methods to achieve a given node bandwidth. We use a bootstrap based stability analysis to select stable tree structures under different node bandwidth constraints. The experimental results on two microarray gene expression datasets of human diseases show that the proposed methods can discover stable trees of phenotypes that reveal the relationships between multiple diseases with biological plausibility.Ph. D.
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Theise, Helena. "F ME F YOU : an investigation of the expressional potential of rectangular pattern construction in relation to print." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-11118.
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This work is exploring the rectangle as a pattern construction. It is the most recognised geometric shape, can it still provide us with new expressions in fashion? This project is conducted through clear restrictions in the method, and through draping translated into garments through flat pattern construction. The result is a collection with a complex expression, mixing poetic shapes with playful prints full of contrast, which signifes harmony but does not follow the classical notions of beauty. The value of this work lies in the finding of new expressions in fashion, proposing that it is of utmost importance to challenge what we think we know to be true.
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Kurra, Goutham. "Pattern Recognition in Large Dimensional and Structured Datasets." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1014322308.
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Di, Capua Daniele-Mario. "Differential gene expression patterns of the vasculature in scleroderma biopsies." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92385.
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Morien, Evan. "Characterization of gene expression patterns in the wild Pacific salmon." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43723.
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Declines in Pacific salmon stocks in recent decades have spurred much research into their physiology and survivorship, but comparatively little into their genomics. Sockeye salmon in particular are experiencing high levels of mortality during their migration upriver, and the numbers of returning sockeye have fluxuated wildly with respect to predictions in recent years. The goal of my project is to gain insight into the basic genomics of Pacific salmon stocks, including the sockeye, through bioinformatic approaches to gene expression profiling. Using microarray technology, I have conducted a large-scale analysis of over 1,000 samples from multiple tissues, stocks, and species of salmon. I identified tissue-specific and housekeeping genes and compared them to orthologs in mouse and human, respectively. I have also classified a number of microarray samples with a support vector machine (SVM) using qPCR data showing the presence of several common pathogens affecting Pacific salmon populations. Using identified housekeeping genes as normalizing factors, I modeled in silico a qPCR assay designed to identify salmon as infected or uninfected with a particular pathogen. With these data I hope to increase basic knowledge of the genomics of the Pacific salmon.
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Benson, Elizabeth Anne. "Patterns and regulation of gene expression in the Drosophila testis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432553.
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Sinha, Naveen Neil. "Visualizing patterns of gene expression in growing Bacillus subtilis biofilms." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11183.
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Most bacteria live in surface-attached colonies known as biofilms, which contain distinct cell types embedded in a self-produced extracellular network of polymers. Differentiation into functionally-distinct sub-populations of cells, or phenotypes, is primarily a result of nutrient availability and extracellular signals. These inputs change over time, leading to spatial and temporal patterns in the relative populations of phenotypes. Although transitions between phenotypes have been investigated in single cells, the triggers for this process within an intact biofilm are not well understood.Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Carter, Deborah. "Analysis of differential gene expression patterns in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301273.
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Montemayor, Phoebe E. "RNA and protein expression patterns of the Drosophila XRCC2 Homolog." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/747.
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The Drosophila genome is thought to have five recA like proteins: Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3. In Drosophila Rad51/SpnA, XRCC3/SpnB, and Rad51 C/SpnD participate in homologous recombination repair. The function of DmRad51 D and DmXRCC2 are unknown. The goal of this project was to elucidate the function ofXRCC2 in Drosophila. RNA interference allowed us to knockdown the function XRCC2 and its possible binding partner Rad51D. It was seen the knocking down the function of either XRCC2 or Rad51D does not affect the viability of the fly. However, drug treatment data does not allow us to make any conclusions about how the knockdown ofXRCC2 affects the viability of the fly. RNA in-situ hybridization shows highly intricate and complex branching patterns for XRCC2, which resembles the embryonic tracheal system. Lastly, XRCC2 was purified to generate an antibody made to recognize the XRCC2 protein will help localize the XRCC2 protein in future studies as well as determine protein-protein interactions with XRCC2.
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Yang, Chang-Ching, and 楊長青. "Two-Phase Pattern Matching for Regular Expressions in Intrusion Detection Systems." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60704836302390715028.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
96
Recently, network security has become an important issue. Agood number of network intrusion detection (NID) systems are employed to detect potential attacks. Some NID systems may use regular expressions to describe the signatures of security threats. Traditionally, we can build finite-state automata corresponding to these regular expressions to identify the suspicious packets. Because of the high speed and update ability, the memory-based deterministic finite-state automata(DFA) with one-pass-scanning model are desirable for NID systems. However in practical implementations, there are some signature patterns that can cause the state explosion problem when applying this model. A prototype of these signature patterns is “.*A.{N}B”. In this thesis, we first argue that the state explosion problem does exist in the common signature patterns of an NID system. Then we propose a two-phase matching approach for regular expressions to solve the state explosion problem. It reduces the state storage cost from the exponential complexity to linear complexity with respect to N. By applying this approach as a co-processing unit with the traditional DFA, the memory-based DFA approaches can be achieved in practice. We also implement the two-phase matching engine, which is called TPME unit, in a field programmable gate array(FPGA) and the throughput of the pattern matching process can achieve over 1.86 gigabits per second.
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Yang, Chang-Ching. "Two-Phase Pattern Matching for Regular Expressions in Intrusion Detection Systems." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1408200813023200.
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Hua-Yi, Wei, and 魏華毅. "A Project about the Sentence Pattern of “Non-favor Te-yaru” within Giving and Receiving Expressions." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80864157928062885930.
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碩士南台科技大學
應用日語系
97
Abstract This project clarified and analyzed the similarities between the two sentence structures of “favor Te-yaru” and “non-favor Te-yaru”. That was, in both the sentence patterns of “favor Te-yaru” and “non-favor Te-yaru”, the moving direction was the same. The movement in these two sentence structures was released from the actor, but the favoring direction was just opposite. In the sentence structure, “favor Te-yaru”, the favor was delivered outward from the actor subjectively. On the contrary, the favor rebounded upon the actor after the action in “non-favor Te-yaru”. As for the types of the favor’s rebounds, they could be categorized into two according to the occurrence before or after the behavior. Besides, the favor’s rebounds should be also considered while translating the sentences with “non-favor Te-yaru” structure into Chinese. Keywords: giving and receiving expressions, favor, non-favor, moving directions, favor’s rebounds 要旨 本研究では、補助動詞としての恩恵型・非恩恵型「～てやる」には、共通的なメカニズムが働いていることが分析によって分かった。すなわち、恩恵型「～てやる」であろうか、非恩恵型「～てやる」であろうか、行為の進行方向は同様である。どちらも、行為の進行方向では、「行為者から外側（他者）へ移動する」ことになっている。しかし、利益の進行方向では、反対になっていることが窺えた。恩恵型「～てやる」文では、行為者が主観的に認識している利益は外側（相手）に移動しているのに対し、非恩恵型「～てやる」文では、利益は行為者に跳ね返ってくることが分かった。ただ、利益の跳ね返りに関しては、行為の実現前か実現の後かによって２つのタイプに分けることができる。このほかに、非恩恵型「～てやる」の中国語訳文にもこういった利益の跳ね返りがしばしば見られる。それゆえ、翻訳する際にこのニュアンスをきっちりと把握したほうがいいと思われる。 キーワード：授受表現、恩恵、非恩恵、行為の進行方向、利益の跳ね返り
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Ting, Yang-Chung, and 丁洋中. "A Study of Effects of Growth Substrates for Monascus on Red Pigment Production and Proteomic Pattern Expressions." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24300750923952941992.
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碩士實踐大學
食品營養研究所
93
Monascus pigments are important colorings in food application, but Monascus biochemical pathways and regulation of nutrient metabolism concerning pigment production remain unknown. Rice starch and sodium nitrate substrates were firstly reported as better pigment-producing substrates compared to lactose and yeast extract substrates. A comparison of protein expression by proteomic analysis with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and database interrogation was conducted on Monascus pilosus grown between the rice nitrate and lactose yeast extract growth substrates. Out of eleven Monascus strains in the screening experiment, M. pilosus BCRC 31527 was selected; it had a maximum pigment production and revealed two types of culture development patterns between this two different growth substrates. In cultivation of M. pilosus BCRC 31527, carbon source in the lactose yeast extract growth substrate remained almost unused during the fermentation and, in the rice nitrate growth substrate, rice starch was consumed gradually. Of the total of measured proteins, 17% of the proteins were identified. The average expression levels of the enzymes in the lactose yeast extract growth substrate showed approximately 3-fold increases when compared to the rice nitrate growth substrate. The occurrence of up-regulation of four glycolytic enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, pyruvate kinase,and adenylate kinase, and three providing reducing equivalent energy enzymes at the initiation of the stationary phase in the lactose yeast extract growth substrate was presumed to result from the release of carbon catabolite repression due to carbon limitaion. Cencerning the NM growth substrate due to lack of the KH2PO4, the NM growth substrate could be considered as a low-potassium and -phosphate complex medium relative to the control. We found that the NM growth substrate induced an up-regulation in aldehyde dehydrogenase and several glycolytic enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrohygenase, enolase, pyruvate kinase.
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Chen, Yi-Ting, and 陳儀婷. "A Thesis on Sentence Pattern of Beneficial and Unbeneficial Expression in Offering and Receiving Expressions –Based on the Difference between the Syntactic and the Semantic –." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22pws5.
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碩士東吳大學
日本語文學系
103
The offering and receiving expression belongs to a part of the syntactic, and the word form itself is beneficial expression.” However, in numerous studies, the offering and receiving expression is divided into two parts: “beneficial expression” and “unbeneficial expression.” The thesis aims at exploring those paradoxical types of an identical expression. The thesis consists of five chapters. In chapter one, the author introduces the motive, purpose, range, and method of this thesis. The next chapter focuses on how the offering and receiving expression in Japanese is categorized and interpreted in the recent investigation. In chapter three, the theory of syntactic and the differences between the syntactic and the semantic are further discussed. Based on the theory of syntactic, the thesis explores whether the categories of offering and receiving expression fits with the definition of the syntactic. Moreover, the thesis would like to affirm that the offering and giving expression in Japanese belongs to the realm of syntactic rather than that of semantic. Therefore, the categories regarding the offering and giving expression should also be divided depending on the syntactic function instead of the semantic meanings. In chapter four, the thesis would use the collectivism to discuss why offering and receiving expression in Japanese, functioning as a beneficial expression, would be interpreted as unbeneficial expression. A conclusion and propose the future way are provided in the final chapter.
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"Pattern analysis of microarray data." Thesis, 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074754.
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DNA microarray technology is the most notable high throughput technology which emerged for functional genomics in recent years. Patterns in microarray data provide clues of gene functions, cell types, and interactions among genes or gene products. Since the scale of microarray data keeps on growing, there is an urgent need for the development of methods and tools for the analysis of these huge amounts of complex data.Interesting patterns in microarray data can be patterns appearing with significant frequencies or patterns appearing special trends. Firstly, an algorithm to find biclusters with coherent values is proposed. For these biclusters the subset of genes (or samples) show some similarities, such as low Euclidean distance or high Pearson correlation coefficient. We propose Average Correlation Value (ACV) to measure the homogeneity of a bicluster. ACV outperforms other alternatives for being applicable for biclusters of more types. Our algorithm applies dominant set approach to create sets of sorting vectors for rows of the data matrix. In this way, the co-expressed rows of the data matrix could be gathered. By alternatively sorting and transposing the data matrix the blocks of co-expressed subset are gathered. Weighted correlation coefficient is used to measure the similarity in the gene level and the sample level. Their weights are updated each time using the sorting vector of the previous iteration. Genes/samples which are assigned higher weights contribute more to the similarity measure when they are used as features for the other dimension. Unlike the two-way clustering or divide and conquer algorithm, our approach does not break the structure of the whole data and can find multiple overlapping biclusters. Also the method has low computation cost comparing to the exhaustive enumeration and distribution parameter identification methods.
Next, algorithms to find biclusters with coherent evolutions, more specific, the order preserving patterns, are proposed. In an Order Preserving Cluster (OP-Cluster) genes induce the same relative order on samples, while the exact magnitude of the data are not regarded. By converting each gene expression vector into an ordered label sequence, we transfer the problem into finding frequent orders appearing in the sequence set. Two heuristic algorithms, Growing Prefix and Suffix (GPS) and Growing Frequent Position (GFP) are presented. The results show these methods both have good scale-up properties. They output larger OP-Clusters more efficiently and have lower space and computation space cost comparing to the existing methods.
We propose the idea of Discovering Distinct Patterns (DDP) in gene expression data. The distinct patterns correspond to genes with significantly different patterns. DDP is useful to scale-down the analysis when there is little prior knowledge. A DDP algorithm is proposed by iteratively picking out pairs of genes with the largest dissimilarities. Experiments are implemented on both synthetic data sets and real microarray data. The results show the effectiveness and efficiency in finding functional significant genes. The usefulness of genes with distinct patterns for constructing simplified gene regulatory network is further discussed.
Teng, Li.
Adviser: Laiwan Chan.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: B, page: 0446.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-128).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
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Chen, Ying-Hsiu, and 陳盈秀. "Anatomical circuit in rshC133 drive expression pattern." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13007380683401243012.
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碩士國立清華大學
生命科學系
91
Abstract One of the hallmarks of memory formation is that memories initially are stored in a short-lived labile form, but with time can be transferred into longer-lasting forms that are resistant to experimental manipulation. In both vertebrate and invertebrate animals, anesthetic agents cause retrograde amnesia for recently experienced. Genetic studies in Drosophila indicate that anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) is a genetically distinct form of consolidated memory that exists in parallel with CREB-dependant long-term memory (LTM). Unlike LTM, ARM is disrupted in radish mutant flies but is not affected by manipulation of the CREB gene. ARM also is resistant to inhibitors of protein synthesis and is formed more rapidly following the learning event than is LTM. ARM nevertheless is a long-lasting memory that can persist for more than 24 hours. To date nothing is known in any species about the molecular, genetic, or cell biological pathways underlying ARM. In unpublished data reveals that rshC133 enhancer trap line is another allele of rsh. In this study, I observe that rshC133 reveals expression in a novel anatomical pathway. Notably, radishC133 reporter is not expressed in mushroom bodies, the primary anatomical focus of olfactory memory research, suggesting that ARM relies on a distinct anatomical structure.
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Chiao-YunChang and 張僑耘. "Enhancers and Gene Expression patterns." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kxpdgr.
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碩士國立成功大學
生命科學系
107
There are many transcriptional controlling elements in an organism’s genome. The organism expresses the gene through transcription and then translation. The enhancer is one of the transcriptional regulatory elements. It has several characteristics: 1. It can be located upstream or downstream of the transcribed gene. 2. It can bind with many different transcription factors, including transcription activators and transcription repressors, thereby activating and repressing the expression of different genes.3. It is tissue-specific, regulating the expression of specific genes in specific tissues. 4. One enhancer can possibly regulate many expressions of many genes. My thesis is to observe the expression of certain genomic regions and measure if they act as enhancers. I picked 10 VT lines, which are from Vienna Drosophila Resource Center (VDRC). Their genomic regions around 7 target genes, including Beadex (Bx), CG10479, Serpent (Srp), Abdominal B (AbdB), pointed (pnt), CG8745, no extended memory (nemy). I used immunostaining to see if they drive the expression of the reporter gene GFP. I compared these expression patterns of VT lines with the results of BDGP (Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project), which represents the endogenous expression of the target gene. I found that the genomic regions around four genes, Bx, CG10479, Srp and nemy, drives similar expression patterns as the endogenous expression of genes. I therefore confirmed the genomic regions around genes, Bx, CG10479, Srp and nemy are functional enhancers.