Academic literature on the topic 'Pathways'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pathways"
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Šindelář, L., and M. Šindelářová. "Regulation of metabolic pathways PVY-RNA biosynthesis in tobacco: glycolytic pathway." Plant Protection Science 40, No. 3 (March 7, 2010): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/991-pps.
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Tobacco plants infected with potato virus <I>Y</I> were studied at the stage of acute infection. Key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, their regulation and the content of involved intermediates were monitored. The activities of the key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway (6-phosphofructokinase, fructosebisphosphatase and pyruvate kinase), determined in both crude homogenates and after partial purification, did not differ from the activities found in healthy control tissues. In virus-infected tissues the content of ATP was higher than in the healthy control. The levels of ADP and AMP decreased soon after inoculation, but increased at the end of the experimental period. The content of inorganic phosphate was not influenced by infection. No difference in adenylate energy charge was observed between healthy and virus-infected tissues. This implies that the rates of the glycolytic pathway <I>in vivo </I>are not altered during the acute stage of infection.
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Karatzas, Evangelos, Margarita Zachariou, Marilena M. Bourdakou, George Minadakis, Anastasis Oulas, George Kolios, Alex Delis, and George M. Spyrou. "PathWalks: identifying pathway communities using a disease-related map of integrated information." Bioinformatics 36, no. 13 (May 5, 2020): 4070–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa291.
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Abstract Motivation Understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and respective interactions of a disease remains an elusive, time consuming and costly task. Computational methodologies that propose pathway/mechanism communities and reveal respective relationships can be of great value as they can help expedite the process of identifying how perturbations in a single pathway can affect other pathways. Results We present a random-walks-based methodology called PathWalks, where a walker crosses a pathway-to-pathway network under the guidance of a disease-related map. The latter is a gene network that we construct by integrating multi-source information regarding a specific disease. The most frequent trajectories highlight communities of pathways that are expected to be strongly related to the disease under study. We apply the PathWalks methodology on Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and establish that it can highlight pathways that are also identified by other pathway analysis tools as well as are backed through bibliographic references. More importantly, PathWalks produces additional new pathways that are functionally connected with those already established, giving insight for further experimentation. Availability and implementation https://github.com/vagkaratzas/PathWalks. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Midford, Peter E., Mario Latendresse, Paul E. O’Maille, and Peter D. Karp. "Using Pathway Covering to Explore Connections among Metabolites." Metabolites 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9050088.
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Interpreting changes in metabolite abundance in response to experimental treatments or disease states remains a major challenge in metabolomics. Pathway Covering is a new algorithm that takes a list of metabolites (compounds) and determines a minimum-cost set of metabolic pathways in an organism that includes (covers) all the metabolites in the list. We used five functions for assigning costs to pathways, including assigning a constant for all pathways, which yields a solution with the smallest pathway count; two methods that penalize large pathways; one that prefers pathways based on the pathway’s assigned function, and one that loosely corresponds to metabolic flux. The pathway covering set computed by the algorithm can be displayed as a multi-pathway diagram (“pathway collage”) that highlights the covered metabolites. We investigated the pathway covering algorithm by using several datasets from the Metabolomics Workbench. The algorithm is best applied to a list of metabolites with significant statistics and fold-changes with a specified direction of change for each metabolite. The pathway covering algorithm is now available within the Pathway Tools software and BioCyc website.
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Xu, Wen, Bei Wang, Yisong Gao, Yuxuan Cai, Jiali Zhang, Zhiyin Wu, Jiameng Wei, Chong Guo, and Chengfu Yuan. "Alkaloids Exhibit a Meaningful Function as Anticancer Agents by Restraining Cellular Signaling Pathways." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 22, no. 7 (April 2022): 968–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557521666211007114935.
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Abstract: Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing organic compounds widely found in natural products, which play an essential role in clinical treatment. Cellular signaling pathways in tumors are a series of enzymatic reaction pathways that convert extracellular signals into intracellular signals to produce biological effects. The ordered function of cell signaling pathways is essential for tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, and programmed death. This review describes the antitumor progression mediated by various alkaloids after inhibiting classical signaling pathways; related studies are systematically retrieved and collected through PubMed. We selected the four currently most popular pathways for discussion and introduced the molecular mechanisms mediated by alkaloids in different signaling pathways, including the NF-kB signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and P53 signaling pathway. The research progress of alkaloids related to tumor signal transduction pathwa
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Li, Chaoxing, Li Liu, and Valentin Dinu. "Pathways of topological rank analysis (PoTRA): a novel method to detect pathways involved in hepatocellular carcinoma." PeerJ 6 (April 9, 2018): e4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4571.
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Complex diseases such as cancer are usually the result of a combination of environmental factors and one or several biological pathways consisting of sets of genes. Each biological pathway exerts its function by delivering signaling through the gene network. Theoretically, a pathway is supposed to have a robust topological structure under normal physiological conditions. However, the pathway’s topological structure could be altered under some pathological condition. It is well known that a normal biological network includes a small number of well-connected hub nodes and a large number of nodes that are non-hubs. In addition, it is reported that the loss of connectivity is a common topological trait of cancer networks, which is an assumption of our method. Hence, from normal to cancer, the process of the network losing connectivity might be the process of disrupting the structure of the network, namely, the number of hub genes might be altered in cancer compared to that in normal or the distribution of topological ranks of genes might be altered. Based on this, we propose a new PageRank-based method called Pathways of Topological Rank Analysis (PoTRA) to detect pathways involved in cancer. We use PageRank to measure the relative topological ranks of genes in each biological pathway, then select hub genes for each pathway, and use Fisher’s exact test to test if the number of hub genes in each pathway is altered from normal to cancer. Alternatively, if the distribution of topological ranks of gene in a pathway is altered between normal and cancer, this pathway might also be involved in cancer. Hence, we use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to detect pathways that have an altered distribution of topological ranks of genes between two phenotypes. We apply PoTRA to study hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and several subtypes of HCC. Very interestingly, we discover that all significant pathways in HCC are cancer-associated generally, while several significant pathways in subtypes of HCC are HCC subtype-associated specifically. In conclusion, PoTRA is a new approach to explore and discover pathways involved in cancer. PoTRA can be used as a complement to other existing methods to broaden our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind cancer at the system-level.
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Lomberk, Gwen, and Raul Urrutia. "Primers on Molecular Pathways — Caspase Pathway." Pancreatology 9, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000178860.
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Visakh, R., and K. A. Abdul Nazeer. "Identifying epigenetically dysregulated pathways from pathway–pathway interaction networks." Computers in Biology and Medicine 76 (September 2016): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.06.030.
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Fan, Wufeng, Yuhan Zhou, and Hao Li. "Pathway Interaction Network Analysis Identifies Dysregulated Pathways in Human Monocytes Infected by Listeria monocytogenes." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3195348.
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In our study, we aimed to extract dysregulated pathways in human monocytes infected by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) based on pathway interaction network (PIN) which presented the functional dependency between pathways. After genes were aligned to the pathways, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to calculate the pathway activity for each pathway, followed by detecting seed pathway. A PIN was constructed based on gene expression profile, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and cellular pathways. Identifying dysregulated pathways from the PIN was performed relying on seed pathway and classification accuracy. To evaluate whether the PIN method was feasible or not, we compared the introduced method with standard network centrality measures. The pathway of RNA polymerase II pretranscription events was selected as the seed pathway. Taking this seed pathway as start, one pathway set (9 dysregulated pathways) with AUC score of 1.00 was identified. Among the 5 hub pathways obtained using standard network centrality measures, 4 pathways were the common ones between the two methods. RNA polymerase II transcription and DNA replication owned a higher number of pathway genes and DEGs. These dysregulated pathways work together to influence the progression of LM infection, and they will be available as biomarkers to diagnose LM infection.
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Loeber, Rolf, Phen Wung, Kate Keenan, Bruce Giroux, Magda Stouthamer-Loeber, Welmoet B. Van Kammen, and Barbara Maugham. "Developmental pathways in disruptive child behavior." Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 1-2 (1993): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004296.
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AbstractDevelopmental sequences in disruptive behavior from childhood to adolescence are traced retrospectively and prospectively in two community samples of boys. Three developmental pathways are distinguished: (a) an early authority conflict pathway, consisting in sequence of stubborn behavior, defiance, and authority avoidance; (b) a covert pathway, consisting of minor covert behaviors, property damage, and moderate to serious forms of delinquency; and (c) an overt pathway, consisting of aggression, fighting, and violence. The overlap among the three disruptive pathways is examined. Those boys who escalated in the overt pathway were more likely to escalate in the covert pathway than boys escalating in the covert pathway showing an escalation in the overt pathway. Escalation in the authority conflict pathway was not associated with escalation in either the overt or the covert pathways. Boys' rate of self-reported delinquency was highest for those in triple pathways (covert-overt-authority conflict) or in certain dual pathways (covert-overt, covert-authority conflict). However, by age 16 the highest rate of offending was displayed by those in the triple pathways. The rate of violent offenses was also highest for those in the triple pathways and for those in the overt and covert pathways. Results from the rate for court petitions largely supported these findings. Lowest rates of offending were observed for boys in the overt and authority conflict pathways. Implications are discussed for clinical practice and future research.
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Lomberk, Gwen, and Raul Urrutia. "Primers on Molecular Pathways —The Insulin Pathway." Pancreatology 9, no. 3 (May 2009): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000200021.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pathways"
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Soh, Donny. "Understanding pathways." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6399.
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The challenge with todays microarray experiments is to infer biological conclusions from them. There are two crucial difficulties to be surmounted in this challenge:(1) A lack of suitable biological repository that can be easily integrated into computational algorithms. (2) Contemporary algorithms used to analyze microarray data are unable to draw consistent biological results from diverse datasets of the same disease. To deal with the first difficulty, we believe a core database that unifies available biological repositories is important. Towards this end, we create a unified biological database from three popular biological repositories (KEGG, Ingenuity and Wikipathways). This database provides computer scientists the flexibility of easily integrating biological information using simple API calls or SQL queries. To deal with the second difficulty of deriving consistent biological results from the experiments, we first conceptualize the notion of “subnetworks”, which refers to a connected portion in a biological pathway. Then we propose a method that identifies subnetworks that are consistently expressed by patients of he same disease phenotype. We test our technique on independent datasets of several diseases, including ALL, DMD and lung cancer. For each of these diseases, we obtain two independent microarray datasets produced by distinct labs on distinct platforms. In each case, our technique consistently produces overlapping lists of significant nontrivial subnetworks from two independent sets of microarray data. The gene-level agreement of these significant subnetworks is between 66.67% to 91.87%. In contrast, when the same pairs of microarray datasets were analysed using GSEA and t-test, this percentage fell between 37% to 55.75% (GSEA) and between 2.55% to 19.23% (t-test). Furthermore, the genes selected using GSEA and t-test do not form subnetworks of substantial size. Thus it is more probable that the subnetworks selected by our technique can provide the researcher with more descriptive information on the portions of the pathway which actually associates with the disease. Keywords: pathway analysis, microarray
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Konrad, Attila. "Investigation of Pathway Analysis Tools for mapping omics data to pathways." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20843.
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Detta examensarbete granskar analysverktyg ur ett tvärvetenskapligt perspektiv. Det finns en hel del olika analysverktyg idag som analyserar specifika typer av omik data och därför undersöker vi hur många det finns samt vad de kan göra. Genom att definiera ett antal specifika krav såsom hur många typer av omik data den kan hantera, noggrannhet av verktygets analys så kan man se vilka som är mest lämpliga analysverktygen när det gäller kartläggning av omik data. Resultaten visar att det idag inte finns analysverktyg som uppfyller de specifikt angivna kraven eller huvudsyftet genom testning av programvaran. Ingenuity analysverktyget är det närmaste vi kan komma för de krav som vi söker. På begäran av slutanvändaren testades två analysverktyg för att se om en kombination av dessa kan uppfylla slut användarens krav. Analysverktyget Uniprot batch converter testas med FEvER men resultat är inte framgångsrikt, då kombinationen av dessa verktyg inte är bättre än Ingenuity analysverktyget. Fokus vänds mot en alternativ kombination som är en hemsida och heter NCBI. Hemsidan har en sökmotor kopplad till flera olika analysverktyg som är gratis att använda. Genom sökmotorn kan ”omik” data kombineras och mer än ett inmatat värde kan hanteras i taget. Eftersom tekniken snabbt går framåt innebär det däremot att nya analysverktyg behövs för data hantering och inom en snar framtid så har vi kanske ett analysverktyg som uppfyller kraven av slutanvändarna.This thesis examines PATs from a multidisciplinary view. There are a lot of PAT's existing today analyzing specific type of omics data, therefore we investigate them and what they can do. By defining some specific requirements such as how many omics data types it can handle, the accuracy of the PAT can be obtained to get the most suitable PAT when it comes to mapping omics data to pathways. Results show that no PATs found today fulfills the specific set of requirements or the main goal though software testing. The Ingenuity PAT is the closest to fulfill the requirements. Requested by the end user, two PATs are tested in combination to see if these can fulfill the requirements of the end user. Uniprot batch converter was tested with FEvER and results did not turn out successfully since the combination of the two PATs is no better than the Ingenuity PAT. Focus then turned to an alternative combination, a homepage called NCBI that have search engines connected to several free PATs available thus fulfilling the requirements. Through the search engine “omics” data can be combined and more than one input can be taken at a time. Since technology is rapidly moving forward, the need for new tools for data interpretation also grows. It means that in a near future we may be able to find a PAT that fulfills the requirements of the end users.
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Gupta, Apoorv. "Dynamic regulation of bacterial metabolic pathways using autonomous, pathway-independent control strategies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112511.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-91).
Metabolic engineering efforts have so far focused on strain optimization through careful metabolic modeling and tinkering with host genomes, through gene knockouts or knockins, to direct flux in desired channels. These efforts have borne fruit with the development of large manufacturing processes for numerous chemicals. The next challenge for metabolic engineering, however, lies in tackling issues associated with construction of more complex pathways, such as those that directly interfere with host metabolism, have branchpoints with promiscuous enzymes, or synthesize toxic intermediates or products. Dynamic metabolic engineering has emerged as a new frontier for tool development to allow regulation and control of native and cellular pathways during the course of a production run. Advantages in dynamic strategies are especially apparent in the aforementioned examples where traditional static strategies of gene knockouts or knockins are not an option. Instead, it is necessary to be able to control when certain genes are expressed, such as to build biomass before switching on growth-limiting production pathways, or accumulating intermediates to drive the reaction of a promiscuous enzyme along a certain branch. In this thesis, we propose enzyme control strategies that are independent of any biosynthetic pathway of interest. Therefore, they can theoretically be applied to a wide variety of contexts in a "plug-and-play" fashion to control pathway enzyme expression. After initial work to understand the limitations of nutrient starvation strategies to induce genetic circuits, we decided to use quorum sensing circuitry to create circuits that can be autonomously induced. We used parts of the Esa QS system (derived from Pantoea stewartii) to create circuit variants in the Lscherichia cohi genome, which switch off expression of the targeted gene at various times and cell densities. Switching times were varied by modulating the expression of the AHL synthase, and therefore the production rate of AHL, the quorum sensing molecule. Switching dynamics were characterized and ranked for the entire library of circuit variants using fluorescent reporters. The characterized device was used to identify optimal switching times for redirection of glycolytic fluxes into heterologous pathways, resulting in a 5.5-fold boost in myo-inositol (MI) and increasing glucaric acid titers from unmeasurable quantities up to >0.8 g/L. With a focus on industrial application, consistency of device performance was verified in benchtop bioreactors, achieving nearly 10-fold and 5-fold boosts in specific titers of myoinositol and glucaric acid, respectively. To demonstrate broad utility and "off-the-shelf" applicability, the control module was applied to dynamic downregulation of flux into aromatic amino acid biosynthesis to accumulate the industrially-relevant intermediate, shikimate, resulting in an increase in titers from unmeasurable quantities to >100 mg/L. Finally, this QS device was coupled with a MI-biosensor circuit to institute two layers of dynamic regulation and further improve glucaric acid titers. Production trials in these composite strains resulted in the highest glucaric titers (-2 g/L) reported to date from E. coli K-strains. This work reports the first completely autonomous dynamic regulation module and its application in bioproduction of multiple products from different metabolic pathways. We envision that the strategy presented here may be adapted to any pathway context and gene of interest. With increased prevalence of dynamic regulation, the relevant strategies may become standardized for general use.
by Apoorv Gupta.
Ph. D.
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Burwitz, Martin. "Integrated Clinical Pathways." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-226773.
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Against the background of increasing multidisciplinarity as well as the focus on quality, transparency and economic efficiency of medical services, clinical pathways (CPs) have been established as a promising tool at the organizational level in recent years. They are primarily intended to ensure an adequate description of the care processes and to manage the balance between best treatment practice and economic viability. CPs standardize the internal care services by explicating the institution-specific knowledge with regard to recommendations for action, service portfolio, organizational structures, infrastructure, etc. of a specific service provider.
The development of hospital information systems (HIS) has so far been characterized by an evolutionary development of modules in the field of laboratory, radiology, nursing and picture archiving systems as well as in the area of administrative systems. As one result of this development, the HIS usually comprises a heterogeneous network of software systems of different types and manufacturers. However, the actual control of patients by means of evidence-based processes and integration of CPs into HIS was not addressed until the recent years, when HIS manufacturers started developing modules for CP modeling and workflow support.
The objective of this thesis is to provide a holistic methodical support for the description of clinical pathways and their integration into a hospital information system to finally improve the compliance of daily care to standard process definitions. Therefore, conceptual models provide an adequate mean to describe and communicate complex matters in a comprehensible form as well as to configure IT systems due to their semi-formal nature.
Hence, a first research thread investigates the question, how clinical pathways can be described adequately using conceptual models. This results in an iterative design of adequate modeling languages for clinical pathways. A second research thread further investigates the question, how conceptual models of clinical pathways can be used to configure process-oriented application systems in health care. This thread therefore describes the design of a model-based method, that enables a consecutive transformation of CPs into technical (workflow) specifications, based on the principles of the Model-Driven Architecture.
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Barrett, Susan, and N/A. "Pathways to Detention." Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070824.112806.
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This research utilised a range of deterministic and stochastic analyses to establish whether Queensland's juvenile justice system processes Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders differently. The impetus for this research stemmed from the continued high rates of Aboriginal over-representation within Australia's criminal justice system, despite diversionary measures to reduce such over-representation, and a commitment by the Queensland Government to reduce by 50% the number of Aboriginal peoples in custody by the year 2011. There are two competing hypotheses concerning the cause of this over-representation, (i) external factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment or substance abuse, or (ii) systemic disparity within the criminal justice system. For this research, disparity is defined as the unacceptable use of discrimination; discrimination can be appropriate if it is used to define or enhance a situation, such as discriminating between offenders who are recidivists and those who are first time offenders. The inappropriate use of discrimination occurs for example, when harsher sentences are issued to offenders based on non-legal factors such as race or gender. Systemic disparity is therefore used here to represent the inappropriate use of discrimination against an offender by the criminal justice system. The second hypothesis, one of systemic disparity, provided the framework for this research, which posed the following primary question: Is there quantifiable evidence to support the existence of disparity acting against young male Aboriginal offenders within Queensland's juvenile justice system? Two separate but complementary studies were designed to address this issue: the pathways study and the trajectory study. The pathways study utilised 20,648 finalised appearances for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland's juvenile courts, during 1999 to 2003. Three custodial decision-making stages (police custody, remand, and sentencing) were examined and two questions initially posed: Does the custodial decision made at one stage of the juvenile justice system impact on a subsequent custodial decision-making stage? Does criminal history, Aboriginal status, offence type or an interaction of these factors significantly influence the probability of (i) detention in police custody (ii) court remand (iii) a custodial order at sentencing? It was recognised that other legally relevant factors such as family structure and stability, school attendance and community ties might also influence these custodial decisions; however, for the purposes of this research it was not possible to include these variables in the analyses. Controlling for criminal history, findings from logistic regression analyses indicated that being detained in police custody increased the odds of being remanded into custody, and being remanded into custody increased the odds of a custodial order. Whilst Aboriginal status was not a consistent factor at any of these three custodial stages, there was clear evidence of disparity acting against the young male Aboriginal offender, particularly early in their criminal career. To examine these disparities further, these three custodial stages were modeled as eight processing pathways: four of which resulted in a custodial order and four in a noncustodial order. Using this processing model, a third question was posed: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different custodial pathways? Findings indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders were in general, processed along similar custodial pathways that did not include police custody, remand or a custodial order. However, young male Aboriginal offenders were less likely than equivalent non-Aboriginal offenders to have been processed along this pathway and more likely to be processed along the pathways that included remand. It was found that young offenders with a chronic criminal history were more likely to be processed along these remand pathways, and Aboriginal offenders were more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders; there was clear evidence of disparity at specific custodial stages of the system. In addition, as young male Aboriginal offenders progressed deeper into the system there was evidence of cumulative disparity, particularly along the remand pathways, meaning that the probability of being in custody increases as the offender progresses from one custodial stage to the next custodial stage. Given the existence of disparity, acting within the juvenile justice system and against the young male Aboriginal offender, it was important to formulate viable solutions to such disparity, particularly in light of the Queensland government's commitment to reduce Aboriginal offenders in custody by 50%. Deterministic analyses and computer simulations were used to test the viability of various reduction scenarios suggested by the data. Despite in some instances, different results from the deterministic analyses and the computer simulations, overall findings indicated that to reduce custodial disparity whether at the remand stage, the custodial order stage, or in custody overall (the summation of police custody, remand and custodial orders) that reducing remand, regardless of whether the young offender had been in police custody or not, was the best overall solution. The trajectory study built on the findings of the pathways study, which had identified criminal history as an important factor in the processing pathways of young male Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders. Using the semi-parametric group based method, the criminal trajectories of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland were modeled. These trajectories were based on the finalised appearances of two cohorts of young offenders aged 10 to 17 years of age: those born in 1983 and 1984 and who had turned 18 years of age in 2001 and 2002 respectively. All of these young male offenders had entered the adult system when they turned 17 years of age, and this data provided their complete juvenile history in Queensland. Prior analyses using this method had not considered Aboriginal status or race as a determining factor in these trajectory models, nor had these models been validated either internally or externally in published works. For this research, internal validity was considered as the correct classification of offenders into trajectory groups, and external validity as the ability to reproduce these results in a second or subsequent sample of juvenile offenders. Two questions were therefore posed in the trajectory study: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different criminal trajectories? Can the predicted model(s) be validated, both internally and externally? Initial findings indicated that the optimal trajectory models selected on prior knowledge and the Bayesian Information Criterion did not validate internally. This finding brought into question the trajectory results of other published works that had not internally validated their models. The models finally selected as optimal indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders did not have a common criminal trajectory and could not be modeled as one population. Both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young offenders were modeled by a low-frequency group, a late-onset group, and a chronic trajectory group. However, the young male Aboriginal offender was more likely than the non-Aboriginal to have been in the chronic or the late onset group and less likely to have been in the lowfrequency group. External validation utilised an innovative but simple method that utilised all of the data in the modeling process along with a sample of this same data for validation purposes: 10% of the criminal profiles, which were characteristic of the trajectory groups, and a further 5% of randomly selected profiles were chosen for validation. All of the characteristic profiles, but only 50% of the randomly selected profiles were validated, and of the latter, the majority not validated was in the late-onset group. In total, 79.2% of the Aboriginal trajectories and 85.6% of the non-Aboriginal criminal trajectories were correctly externally validated. Overall, there are two important implications from this research for government. First, even though young male Aboriginal offenders are more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders, this factor does not account for all of the observed disparity acting against the young Aboriginal offender within Queensland's juvenile justice system: there is evidence of disparity within the system that is unaccounted for by either offence type or criminal history. Second, given this chronic criminal history, systemic solutions to systemic disparity whilst viable, will not ultimately resolve this problem: they are only short-term measures at the end of a very long justice system. Longer-term solutions are needed to address external factors such as socio-economic disadvantage, unemployment and substance abuse in Aboriginal communities, before these young people are exposed to the system. Continuing to concentrate on systemic solutions, to such an entrenched problem as Aboriginal overrepresentation and disparity, is a misdirection of system resources and is inconsistent with social justice.
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Dhillon, Ravinder. "Diagnostic imaging pathways." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0126.
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[Truncated abstract] Hypothesis: There is deficiency in the evidence base and scientific underpinning of existing diagnostic imaging pathways (DIP) for diagnostic endpoints. Objective: a) To carry out systematic review of literature in relation to use of diagnostic imaging tests for diagnosis and investigation of 78 common clinical problems, b) To identify deficiencies and controversies in existing diagnostic imaging pathways, and to develop a new set of consensus based pathways for diagnostic imaging (DIP) supported by evidence as an education and decision support tool for hospital based doctors and general practitioners, c) To carry out a trial dissemination, implementation and evaluation of DIP. Methods: 78 common clinical presentations were chosen for development of DIP. For general practitioners, clinical topics were selected based on the following criteria: common clinical problem, complex in regards to options available for imaging, subject to inappropriate imaging resulting in unnecessary expenditure and /or radiation exposure, and new options for imaging of which general practitioners may not be aware. For hospital based junior doctors and medical students, additional criteria included: acute presentation when immediate access to expert radiological opinion may be lacking and clinical problem for which there is a need for education. Systematic review of the literature in relation to each of the 78 topics was carried out using Ovid, Pubmed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ... The electronic environment and the method of delivery provided a satisfactory medium for dissemination. Getting DIP implemented required vigorous effort. Knowledge of diagnostic imaging and requesting behaviour tended to become more aligned with DIP following a period of intensive marketing. Conclusions: Systematic review of literature and input and feedback from various clinicians and radiologists led to the development of 78 consensus based Diagnostic Imaging Pathways supported by evidence. These pathways are a valuable decision support tool and are a definite step towards incorporating evidence based medicine in patient management. The clinical and academic content of DIP is of practical use to a wide range of clinicians in hospital and general practice settings. It is source of high level knowledge; a reference tool for the latest available and most effective imaging test for a particular clinical problem. In addition, it is an educational tool for medical students, junior doctors, medical imaging technologists, and allied health care personnel.
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Dalgleish, Alison. "Pathways to principalship." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/935.
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A qualitative descriptive approach was undertaken to research what was available within the areas of advice and guidance for potential principals who wish to achieve the position of principal at secondary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand. The literature review for this study uncovered very little in the way of New Zealand-based professional advice and guidance for potential principals, despite there being some leadership development programmes such as the Principal Preparation Programmes for Aspiring Principals (University of Auckland, Centre for Educational Leadership). However, the international literature revealed a greater wealth of data on existing principal preparation programmes, and the phenomenon of leadership. In terms of the methodology, case studies and interviews of six participants were undertaken. Six current principals of provincial North Island secondary schools in New Zealand were interviewed face-to-face. Their stories were audio-taped and transcribed. The interviews were essentially rich narratives of leadership stories and were somewhat akin to individual case studies of the participants' own leadership and principal development. Content and thematic analysis of the data revealed eight aspects of principal development which were distilled to four main themes: historical career pathway; managing the journey; handing over the knowledge; and personal costs to the participants. The findings from this research showed that few principals followed planned career pathways or had access to advice, guidance or formal training for principalship. Participants generally gained principal positions through good luck rather than good management. The increasing complexity of the principal's role, combined with a projected shortage of competent candidates, requires that preparation for principalship needs to be implemented as a well-structured, rigorous programme. A framework for such a programme is proposed.
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Al, Hashemi Hamed. "Pathways to diversification." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11694.
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A fundamental research question in regional economic development, is why some regions are able to diversify into new products and industries, while others continue to face challenges in diversification? This doctorate research explores the different pathways to diversification. It follows the three-stage modular structure of DBA for Cranfield School of Management. This thesis consists of a systematic literature review, a single qualitative case study on UAE, and a research synthesis of published cases on Singapore, Norway and UAE. The linking document provides a summary of the three projects and consolidates findings and contributions into a path creation model that provides new understanding on the pathways to regional diversifications.
This research integrates existing theoretical foundations of evolutionary economic geography, institutional economic geography, path dependence, industry relatedness, economic complexity, and path creation into a unified conceptual path creation model. It generates propositions, builds a framework and develops a matrix for path creation that integrate context, actors, factors, mechanisms and outcomes shaping regional diversification. It finds that in the context of path dependence and existing conditions of a region, economic actors undertake strategic measures to influence the institutional capabilities to accumulate knowledge and trigger indigenous creation, anchoring, branching, and clustering diversification mechanisms to create complex varieties of related and unrelated diversification outcomes. The institutional collaboration capabilities are found to be instrumental in accumulating knowledge and determining the relatedness and complexity of diversification outcomes. This research further provides a set of integrated platform strategies to guide policy-makers on setting up the pathways to regional diversification.
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Dhillon, Ravinder. "Diagnostic imaging pathways /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0126.
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Barrett, Susan. "Pathways to Detention." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366448.
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This research utilised a range of deterministic and stochastic analyses to establish whether Queensland's juvenile justice system processes Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders differently. The impetus for this research stemmed from the continued high rates of Aboriginal over-representation within Australia's criminal justice system, despite diversionary measures to reduce such over-representation, and a commitment by the Queensland Government to reduce by 50% the number of Aboriginal peoples in custody by the year 2011. There are two competing hypotheses concerning the cause of this over-representation, (i) external factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment or substance abuse, or (ii) systemic disparity within the criminal justice system. For this research, disparity is defined as the unacceptable use of discrimination; discrimination can be appropriate if it is used to define or enhance a situation, such as discriminating between offenders who are recidivists and those who are first time offenders. The inappropriate use of discrimination occurs for example, when harsher sentences are issued to offenders based on non-legal factors such as race or gender. Systemic disparity is therefore used here to represent the inappropriate use of discrimination against an offender by the criminal justice system. The second hypothesis, one of systemic disparity, provided the framework for this research, which posed the following primary question: Is there quantifiable evidence to support the existence of disparity acting against young male Aboriginal offenders within Queensland's juvenile justice system? Two separate but complementary studies were designed to address this issue: the pathways study and the trajectory study. The pathways study utilised 20,648 finalised appearances for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland's juvenile courts, during 1999 to 2003. Three custodial decision-making stages (police custody, remand, and sentencing) were examined and two questions initially posed: Does the custodial decision made at one stage of the juvenile justice system impact on a subsequent custodial decision-making stage? Does criminal history, Aboriginal status, offence type or an interaction of these factors significantly influence the probability of (i) detention in police custody (ii) court remand (iii) a custodial order at sentencing? It was recognised that other legally relevant factors such as family structure and stability, school attendance and community ties might also influence these custodial decisions; however, for the purposes of this research it was not possible to include these variables in the analyses. Controlling for criminal history, findings from logistic regression analyses indicated that being detained in police custody increased the odds of being remanded into custody, and being remanded into custody increased the odds of a custodial order. Whilst Aboriginal status was not a consistent factor at any of these three custodial stages, there was clear evidence of disparity acting against the young male Aboriginal offender, particularly early in their criminal career. To examine these disparities further, these three custodial stages were modeled as eight processing pathways: four of which resulted in a custodial order and four in a noncustodial order. Using this processing model, a third question was posed: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different custodial pathways? Findings indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders were in general, processed along similar custodial pathways that did not include police custody, remand or a custodial order. However, young male Aboriginal offenders were less likely than equivalent non-Aboriginal offenders to have been processed along this pathway and more likely to be processed along the pathways that included remand. It was found that young offenders with a chronic criminal history were more likely to be processed along these remand pathways, and Aboriginal offenders were more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders; there was clear evidence of disparity at specific custodial stages of the system. In addition, as young male Aboriginal offenders progressed deeper into the system there was evidence of cumulative disparity, particularly along the remand pathways, meaning that the probability of being in custody increases as the offender progresses from one custodial stage to the next custodial stage. Given the existence of disparity, acting within the juvenile justice system and against the young male Aboriginal offender, it was important to formulate viable solutions to such disparity, particularly in light of the Queensland government's commitment to reduce Aboriginal offenders in custody by 50%. Deterministic analyses and computer simulations were used to test the viability of various reduction scenarios suggested by the data. Despite in some instances, different results from the deterministic analyses and the computer simulations, overall findings indicated that to reduce custodial disparity whether at the remand stage, the custodial order stage, or in custody overall (the summation of police custody, remand and custodial orders) that reducing remand, regardless of whether the young offender had been in police custody or not, was the best overall solution. The trajectory study built on the findings of the pathways study, which had identified criminal history as an important factor in the processing pathways of young male Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders. Using the semi-parametric group based method, the criminal trajectories of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland were modeled. These trajectories were based on the finalised appearances of two cohorts of young offenders aged 10 to 17 years of age: those born in 1983 and 1984 and who had turned 18 years of age in 2001 and 2002 respectively. All of these young male offenders had entered the adult system when they turned 17 years of age, and this data provided their complete juvenile history in Queensland. Prior analyses using this method had not considered Aboriginal status or race as a determining factor in these trajectory models, nor had these models been validated either internally or externally in published works. For this research, internal validity was considered as the correct classification of offenders into trajectory groups, and external validity as the ability to reproduce these results in a second or subsequent sample of juvenile offenders. Two questions were therefore posed in the trajectory study: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different criminal trajectories? Can the predicted model(s) be validated, both internally and externally? Initial findings indicated that the optimal trajectory models selected on prior knowledge and the Bayesian Information Criterion did not validate internally. This finding brought into question the trajectory results of other published works that had not internally validated their models. The models finally selected as optimal indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders did not have a common criminal trajectory and could not be modeled as one population. Both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young offenders were modeled by a low-frequency group, a late-onset group, and a chronic trajectory group. However, the young male Aboriginal offender was more likely than the non-Aboriginal to have been in the chronic or the late onset group and less likely to have been in the lowfrequency group. External validation utilised an innovative but simple method that utilised all of the data in the modeling process along with a sample of this same data for validation purposes: 10% of the criminal profiles, which were characteristic of the trajectory groups, and a further 5% of randomly selected profiles were chosen for validation. All of the characteristic profiles, but only 50% of the randomly selected profiles were validated, and of the latter, the majority not validated was in the late-onset group. In total, 79.2% of the Aboriginal trajectories and 85.6% of the non-Aboriginal criminal trajectories were correctly externally validated. Overall, there are two important implications from this research for government. First, even though young male Aboriginal offenders are more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders, this factor does not account for all of the observed disparity acting against the young Aboriginal offender within Queensland's juvenile justice system: there is evidence of disparity within the system that is unaccounted for by either offence type or criminal history. Second, given this chronic criminal history, systemic solutions to systemic disparity whilst viable, will not ultimately resolve this problem: they are only short-term measures at the end of a very long justice system. Longer-term solutions are needed to address external factors such as socio-economic disadvantage, unemployment and substance abuse in Aboriginal communities, before these young people are exposed to the system. Continuing to concentrate on systemic solutions, to such an entrenched problem as Aboriginal overrepresentation and disparity, is a misdirection of system resources and is inconsistent with social justice.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
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Books on the topic "Pathways"
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Dallas, Donald. Pathways. Harlow: Longman, 1986.
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Dallas, Donald. Pathways. Harlow: Longman, 1986.
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Nannini, Gregg M. Pathways. Whitby, Ont: Plowman, 1994.
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Bergren, Lisa Tawn. Pathways. Colorado Springs, Colo: WaterBrook Press, 2001.
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Asomugha, Chibuzo. Pathways. Enugu: Pan-Afric Publishers, 1995.
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McGrady, Angele, and Donald Moss. Pathways to Illness, Pathways to Health. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1379-1.
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Development, Canada Human Resources. Career pathways. Richmond, B.C: Human Resources Development Canada, 1996.
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Dekker, Henk-Jan. Cycling Pathways. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728478.
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In an effort to fight climate change, many cities try to boost their cycling levels. They often look towards the Dutch for guidance. However, historians have only begun to uncover how and why the Netherlands became the premier cycling country of the world. Why were Dutch cyclists so successful in their fight for a place on the road? Cycling Pathways: The Politics and Governance of Dutch Cycling Infrastructure, 1920-2020 explores the long political struggle that culminated in today’s high cycling levels. Delving into the archives, it uncovers the important role of social movements and shows in detail how these interacted with national, provincial, and urban engineers and policymakers to govern the distribution of road space and construction of cycling infrastructure. It discusses a wide range of topics, ranging from activists to engineering committees, from urban commuters to recreational cyclists and from the early 1900s to today in order to uncover the long and all-but-forgotten history of Dutch cycling governance.
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dos Santos, Andeline. Empathy Pathways. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08556-7.
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Pathways to Literacy Pack 7 (Collins Pathways) (Collins Pathways). HarperCollins Publishers, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pathways"
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Davies, Robert W. "Pathways." In The Era of Global Transition, 72–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137283481_6.
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Tanggaard, Lene. "Pathways." In Creativity — A New Vocabulary, 96–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137511805_12.
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Rosetti, Dewey. "Pathways." In Parenting Bright Kids Who Struggle in School, 85–90. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003236993-12.
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Guzzanti, Paula, and John D'Arcy. "Pathways." In The Different Faces of Politics in the Visual and Performative Arts, 201–19. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032640464-16.
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Tanggaard, Lene. "Pathways." In Creativity — A New Vocabulary, 153–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41907-2_14.
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Stoorvogel, Willem, Hans J. Geuze, and Ger J. Strous. "Endocytic Pathways." In Endocytosis, 169–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84295-5_21.
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Mendoza, John E. "Association Pathways." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 373–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_679.
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Mendoza, John E. "Projection Pathways." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2844. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_688.
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Crosnoe, Robert, and Aprile D. Benner. "Educational Pathways." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 179–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20880-0_8.
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Pickles, Andrew, and Jonathan Hill. "Developmental Pathways." In Developmental Psychopathology, 211–43. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470939383.ch7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pathways"
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Inoue, Katsumi, Andrei Doncescu, Gabriel Synaeve, and Nabil Kabbak. "Main Pathway Discovery in Metabolic Pathways." In 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/waina.2010.88.
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Buck, Steven L., and Roger Knight. "Model of dual rod pathways." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.fk2.
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We offer a model of dual rod pathways that incorporate recent psychophysical, physiological, and anatomical work. Flicker sensitivity studies suggest that one rod pathway, π0, has greater absolute sensitivity but poorer high temporal frequency responses than the other pathway, π0 (Conner, 1982; Connor and MacLeod, 1977; Sharpe, Stockman, and MacLeod, in press). The dual pathways may arise from differential electrical coupling of rods and cones via gap junctions as a function of adaptation level (Yang and Wu, 1989), so that π0 signals travel through rod pathways and π0 signals travel through cone pathways (Smith, Freed, and Sterling, 1986) before being recombined at ganglion cells or beyond. So far, the importance of dual rod pathways for processing other than temporal information is unclear. Our model of dual rod pathways generalizes their role to incremental and spatial processing and makes testable predictions to challenge the model. Predictions include more conelike spatial sensitivity for π0, differential dependence of π0 and π0 increment sensitivity on spatial and temporal parameters, and different interactions of cone signals with π0 and π0 in detection and adaptation. Support for the model comes in part from kinks in increment t.v.i. curves observed in various labs at –2 to 0 log scot td (the same as for flicker data).
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Sharpe, Lindsay T., Clemens Fach, Jörg Hofmeister, and Andrew Stockman. "Effect of target size on the fast and slow rod pathways." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mkk5.
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Psychophysical and electroretinographic observations in normal observers and achromats (who lack cone vision) suggest that rod signals have access to two retinal pathways: one, slow and sensitive; the other, fast and insensitive. The two are revealed by double-branched rod-detected flicker threshold vs intensity (ftvi) curves, and by a suprathreshold intensity region (below cone detection)—the perceptual null—within which the sensation of 15-Hz flicker is canceled. The cause of the null is believed to be destructive interference between signals conveyed by the two pathways. Here we report that the break in the 15-Hz ftvi curve and the perceptual null is not found, in either the normal or achromat observer when the flickering target is ≤2° in diameter. Phase measurements (relative to a cone standard) indicate that the faster rod pathway mediates flicker detection for targets of ≤2°, not because the signals from the slow pathway are severely diminished but because destructive interference between the slow and fast rod flicker signals keeps the slow signals from ever exceeding threshold. There is therefore no need to invoke differences in spatial integration between the two pathways to explain the large difference in the ftvi curves.
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Wu, Andy, Jung-Bin Yim, Eric Caspary, Ali Mazalek, Sanjay Chandrasekharan, and Nancy J. Nersessian. "Kinesthetic pathways." In the 8th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2069618.2069624.
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Bekaert, Jeroen, Xiaoming Liu, Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze, Sandy Payette, and Simeon Warner. "Pathways core." In the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1141753.1141863.
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Mehta, Meghna, Ahmed Sabbir Arif, Apurva Gupta, Sean DeLong, Roozbeh Manshaei, Graceline Williams, Manasvi Lalwani, Sanjay Chandrasekharan, and Ali Mazalek. "Active Pathways." In ISS '16: 2016 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2992154.2992176.
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Wilson, Hugh R. "Interaction of first- and second-order processes in 2D motion perception." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.mnn1.
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Recent psychophysical experiments have shown that the perceived direction of motion of plaids, composed of two cosine gratings moving in different directions, can deviate by up to 50° from the true direction of rigid translation. We have developed a dynamic neural network model that predicts these and other motion data. The model incorporates two motion pathways that are subsequently combined by using a vector sum operation. The first motion pathway extracts the directions of motion of the component gratings, i.e., the Fourier motion signals, while the second pathway employs filtering and full-wave rectification to extract a non-Fourier motion signal. The vector sum of these motion pathways quantitatively predicts the psychophysical data, and it explains the existence of parallel input pathways from both V1 and V2 to area MT. The model correctly predicts that non-Fourier plaids will move in the vector sum direction, and interactions across spatial scales in the model accurately predict transitions from rigid to transparent motion.
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Ji, Chenxi, and Stergios Stamopoulos. "Holistic Sustainability and Cost Evaluation for Green Shipping Corridor Framework-based Alternative Marine Fuels." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2023-011.
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Maritime decarbonization is a particularly complex challenge with multiple pathways at various technological and operational readiness levels. This work conducted a holistic analysis of green shipping corridors by the well-to-wake lifecycle emission analysis and lifecycle cost evaluation. The index of GHG Abatement Cost (GAC) was proposed to quantitatively investigate the cost-effective fuel pathways toward the long-term IMO decarbonization goal from the perspective of WtW process. Green bio-Methanol, Green Ammonia, and Wind based Green Liquid Hydrogen were verified to be the most rewarding pathways to save GHG emissions. The Rotterdam-Singapore GSC case study was conducted to evaluate the GWP-related gas emission inventory for shipping voyages and the annual cost performance of the different green pathways. The green bio-methanol pathway has been finalized to be the optimum one under current technology and infrastructure readiness level.
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Schlieter, Hannes, Martin Benedict, Kai Gand, and Martin Burwitz. "Towards Adaptive Pathways: Reference Architecture for Personalized Dynamic Pathways." In 2017 IEEE 19th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbi.2017.55.
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Ebner, Jacqueline, Anahita Williamson, and Thomas Trabold. "Quantifying the Greenhouse Gas Impact of Pathways for Treatment of Secondary Resources Generated in the Food Supply Chain." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49559.
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Food processors and retailers are under increasing regulatory and market pressure to manage their food waste in an environmentally responsible way. This study analyzes the climate change impacts of several alternatives available for the management of the several food wastes generated in this sector. Four food chain wastes are selected: whey, apple pomace, grease trap waste and bakery waste. Four treatment pathways were analyzed: landfill, anaerobic digestion, land application and animal feed. The results of the analysis showed significant differences among the pathways with climate change impact varying from −621 kgCO2e/t to 1924 kgCO2e/t. Landfilling of food waste resulted in the highest impacts and diversion to feed animals resulted in net benefits. The moisture content of the waste proved to be an important factor while the bio-degradability and nutrient value also had an influence. The combined impacts of diverting food waste from one disposal pathway to an alternative pathway were also considered and data is provided on the optimal pathways for each food waste alternatives.
Reports on the topic "Pathways"
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Wright, Adam, Marija Milacic, Karen Rothfels, Joel Weiser, Quang Trinh, Bijay Jassal, Robin Haw, and Lincoln Stein. Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Reactome's Curated Biological Pathways. Reactome, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221109wright.
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Reactome is a database of human biological pathways manually curated from the primary literature and peer-reviewed by experts. To evaluate the utility of Reactome pathways for predicting functional consequences of genetic perturbations, we compared predictions of perturbation effects based on Reactome pathways against published empirical observations. Ten cancer-relevant Reactome pathways, representing diverse biological processes such as signal transduction, cell division, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation, were selected for testing. For each pathway, root input nodes and key pathway outputs were defined. We then used pathway-diagram-derived logic graphs to predict, either by inspection by biocurators or using a novel algorithm MP-BioPath, the effects of bidirectional perturbations (upregulation/activation or downregulation/inhibition) of single root inputs on the status of key outputs. These predictions were then compared to published empirical tests.
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Skone, Timothy J. CTL Diesel, Pathways. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509367.
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Barter, Garrett, David Reichmuth, Jessica Westbrook, Leonard A. Malczynski, Ann S. Yoshimura, Meghan B. Peterson, Todd H. West, et al. Transportation Energy Pathways LDRD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1117264.
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Landrum, Mary Beth, Kate Stewart, and David Cutler. Clinical Pathways to Disability. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13304.
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Cheng, Chingwen, and Ramandeep Kaur. El Paso Pedestrian Pathways. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31353/cs1880.
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Reynolds, Anthony, Xiao Li, MD Reza E Rabby, Mageshwari Komarasamy, and Glenn Grant. Discovering SPP Thermomechanical Pathways. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1984871.
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Matthews, Lisa, Guanming Wu, Robin Haw, Timothy Brunson, Nasim Sanati, Solomon Shorser, Deidre Beavers, Patrick Conley, Lincoln Stein, and Peter D'Eustachio. Illuminating Dark Proteins using Reactome Pathways. Reactome, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221027matthews.
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Diseases are often the consequence of proteins or protein complexes that are non-functional or that function improperly. An active area of research has focused on the identification of molecules that can interact with defective proteins and restore their function. While 22% percent of human proteins are estimated to be druggable, less than fifteen percent are targeted by FDA-approved drugs, and the vast majority of untargeted proteins are understudied or so-called "dark" proteins. Elucidation of the function of these dark proteins, particularly those in commonly drug-targeted protein families, may offer therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. Reactome is the most comprehensive, open-access pathway knowledgebase covering 2585 pathways and including 14246 reactions, 11088 proteins, 13984 complexes, and 1093 drugs. Placing dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways provides a framework of reference for these proteins facilitating the generation of hypotheses for experimental biologists to develop targeted experiments, unravel the potential functions of these proteins, and then design drugs to manipulate them. To this end, we have trained a random forest with 106 protein/gene pairwise features collected from multiple resources to predict functional interactions between dark proteins and proteins annotated in Reactome and then developed three scores to measure the interactions between dark proteins and Reactome pathways based on enrichment analysis and fuzzy logic simulations. Literature evidence via manual checking and systematic NLP-based analysis support predicted interacting pathways for dark proteins. To visualize dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways, we have also developed a new website, idg.reactome.org, by extending the Reactome web application with new features illustrating these proteins together with tissue-specific protein and gene expression levels and drug interactions.
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Enright, Nicole, and Steve Nicholas. Solar Market Pathways Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1474296.
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Stock, L. M., and J. G. Gatsis. Fundamental reaction pathways during coprocessing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10151342.
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Knaff, David, and Hirasawa Mussakaz. Ferredoxin Dependent Plant Metabolic Pathways. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1417307.
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