Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pathologies oculaires'
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Pele, Jérémy Clergeau Léon Philippe. "Pathologies ophtalmologiques d'origine bucco-dentaire." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=55206.
Full textDutot, Mélody. "Etude du récepteur de mort P2X7 dans les mécanismes de dégénérescences toxiques : implication dans des pathologies oculaires." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P615.
Full textThe activation of P2X7 receptor can lead to inflammation, apoptosis and cytolysis. Our first aim was to understand the mechanisms of toxicity induced by preservatives on corneal and conjunctival cell lines. P2X7 receptor expression was revealed with immunochemistry and the cytolytic pore was evaluated with agonists. Our results showed the role of P2X7 receptor in ocular toxic degenerations. Our second aim was to modulate P2X7 receptor, blocking its activation and modifying its lipidic environment. We tested divalent cations, known to inhibit P2X7 receptor activation and selected a marine solution rich in zinc, which can be proposed as an ocular rinse solution. Our results showed that a formulation rich in oleic acid is able to modulate the expression of caveolin-1, a protein present in lipid rafts where P2X7 receptor is expressed
Le, Gat Laurence. "Adhésion et migration cellulaire au cours du processus d'angiogenèse : approche fondamentale et cible thérapeutique dans certaines pathologies oculaires." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077064.
Full textCourrier, Emilie. "Biomarqueurs fluorescents, marqueurs et instruments optiques dédiés pour le diagnostic in vivo des pathologies cornéennes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES029.
Full textAn imbalance in the defence system of cornea can result in several diseases, like infectious keratitis (IK) in case of invasion by microorganisms (MO) or dry eye in case of insufficient tear quality and/or quality. IK are the first cause of unilateral blindness worldwide. Sicca syndrome, also frequent, is the subject of numerous clinical trials assessing new treatments. The aim of the PhD Thesis work is to develop new imaging methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases of the ocular surface. Two innovative project were conducted: 1/ the FLUOCOR project consists in developing a complete solution of rapid in vivo etiologic diagnosis of IK, for the most frequent and/or severe infections to allow rapid starting of the most adapted treatment in order to improve the final visual prognosis. This solution will comprise fluorescent biomarkers (excitable by sustainable non blinding red or near infrared lights) specific to the target MO, and a new optical imaging device for their detection. Biomarkers based on new BODIPY coupled with molecules targeting the MO were obtained with a good in vitro specificity. Nevertheless, on ex vivo human corneas they stained superficial epithelial cells. In order to overcome this difficulty, the coupling of BODIPY on specific antibodies targeting the MO is ongoing; 2/ the FLUOSCOPE project that allowed development of a new strategy of ocular surface imaging for the diagnosis and follow up of sicca syndrome. The complete chain was revisited from the instillation of the dye to the objective quantification of staining by image analysis, through the development of a prototype of imaging device, now industrialized by les Laboratoires Thea
Mvoulana, Amed. "Vers un ophtalmologiste "augmenté" : analyse d'images rétiniennes pour l'aide au diagnostic précoce du glaucome." Thesis, Université Gustave Eiffel, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UEFL2007.
Full textOcular diseases are at the core of major public health issues. One of them, glaucoma, requires early screening to ensure effective treatment of affected patients, and prevent irreversible visual damages. The advent of so-called computer vision and deep learning approaches has led to a paradigm shift in the field of ophthalmology, providing unprecedented support in diagnostic and therapeutic choices. In this thesis, we propose new methods for the development of intelligent systems dedicated to the early detection of glaucoma from retinal images. In particular, we aim at deploying of mobile-based computer-aided diagnosis systems, for remote screening. Firstly, we proposed a method aiming at analyzing the optic nerve head, featured by morphological changes in the presence of glaucoma. Based on a precise algorithm for segmenting the structures of the optic disc and the cup within it, the method extracts clinically relevant measures such as the cup-to-disc ratio, the inferior-superior-nasal-temporal (ISNT) sectors and the neuroretinal rim area. A clinical protocol based on ophthalmic references is drawn to screen for glaucoma, and give indications about the stages of development of the neuropathy (early, moderate or advanced glaucoma). Although very accurate screening, with a performance rate of 94% on the evaluation base (DRISHTI-GS1), this method has highlighted the need to improve generalizability, particularly in the presence of glaucomatous nerve heads without excavation (false negatives) or large healthy nerve heads (false positives). Secondly, we proposed a method based on deep learning algorithms, allowing an automated interpretation of healthy or glaucomatous retinas. This work exploits state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (VGG-16, ResNet50, Inception-v3, MobileNet and DenseNet121), and proposes an efficient transfer learning method to adapt these networks to the glaucoma screening. These models achieve an AUC of more than 0.97, however, this comparative study has identified the needs for developing efficient models for deployment in clinical conditions: 1) a consistent retinal image dataset in terms of size, inter-class balance, diagnostic reliability and clinical variability, 2) interpretable and explainable models, allowing specialists to understand and discuss the screening result.In this sense, we propose in a third step a method exploiting recent advances in semi-supervised learning, for the generation of synthetic retinal images. The proposed algorithm, BAGAN (for Balancing GAN), allows to produce from a reference image dataset (REFUGE), a new dataset filling the inter-class imbalance potentially responsible for diagnostic bias, while meeting the criteria of image quality and clinical diversity. We have demonstrated the relevance of such dataset in the further development of semi-supervised diagnosis algorithms. Finally, a brand new interface, available on desktop and mobile platforms, has been designed for ophthalmologists and health professionals. Smart and intuitive, it integrates various functionalities based on the developed algorithms, and allows real-time screening to contribute to the improvement of eye health care
ANTON, AMBACH SOPHIE. "La pathologie oculaire et les conseils a l'officine." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15057.
Full textTHOLEY, VERONIQUE. "La pathologie oculaire liee au rayonnement solaire et sa prevention." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15021.
Full textBrignole-Baudouin, Françoise. "Aspects immunologiques de l'epithelium conjonctival dans les pathologies de la surface oculaire." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA120032.
Full textWillermain, Francois. "Etude In Vitro de l'immunobiologie de l'épithelium pigmentaire rétinien: Implication dans la régulation du privilège immun oculaire et de l'inflammation intra-oculaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210981.
Full textDoctorat en sciences médicales
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Malecaze, François. "Cytokines et pathologie oculaire : roles des fgfs acide et basique et de l'interleukine-6." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30193.
Full textCreuzot-Garcher, Catherine. "Expression des gènes et des antigènes des mucines conjonctivales humaines saines et pathologiques." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOMU04.
Full textBaudouin, Christophe. "Étude immunopathologique des affections prolifératives de la rétine : rôle des antigènes de classe II du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité en pathologie oculaire." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120002.
Full textPromelle, Véronique. "Quantification de la vascularisation ophtalmique par IRM en contraste de phase : application à la pathologie du glaucome." Thesis, Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0037.
Full textThe dynamics of the vascular arterial and venous supply of the eye remains poorly understood, coming mainly from studies in Doppler color imaging with very little quantitative data about venous component. The physiopathology of glaucoma is still under debate, with many ongoing investigations and hypotheses. Among them, vascular changes have been suggested to be a possible cause for the disease, but no pathophysiology model could be proposed that connect the different current hypotheses. Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI) is a non-invasive MRI sequence for quantitative measurement of the vascular dynamics of a system. So far mainly used to investigate large caliber arteries, PC MRI has not yet been used to measure flows of the ophthalmic artery and vein. The objective of this work was to quantify by PC MRI the blood flow and vascular dynamics of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) in a population of healthy subjects in a first part, and in glaucoma patients in a second part. In total, 21 volunteers without ocular disease and 11 patients diagnosed with glaucoma were included. They all underwent 3 Tesla MRI examination with PC MRI sequence, in the same settings. The right and left OA and SOV were identified using anatomic sequences, to place a PC MRI acquisition plane perpendicular to their course. PC MRI series were analyzed using a dedicated software, calculating the flow for each phase of the cardiac cycle and displaying the curve of flow during cardiac cycle for each vessel. From this data the mean, maximal and minimal blood flow for each vessel were calculated. The results obtained in healthy subjects showed the feasibility and reliability of the technique. They were considered as normal reference and were later used as control. Notably, a significant pulsatility of the venous flow during the cardiac cycle was demonstrated. In glaucoma patients, this venous pulsatility was significantly lower. Also in patients our results showed a loss of the correlation between the mean flow and the maximal velocity in the OA. The flow waveform and the relationships between flow, velocity and section of the SOV suggested an impairment of the venous hemodynamics in glaucoma, which could result from capillary changes and/or from downstream pressure changes
Kim, Nam Gyun. "Modelisation des mouvements oculaires en stimulation visuelle peripherique : epreuve correspondante d'exploration fonctionnelle assistee par ordinateur." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13117.
Full textRoux, Paul. "Exploration des bases cognitives du déficit d'attribution d'états mentaux a autrui dans la schizophrénie : intérêt de l'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936340.
Full textSauer, Arnaud. "Régulation immunitaire de la toxoplasmose oculaire : vers de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700490.
Full textThibaut, Miguel. "Etude des capacités en vision périphérique chez le sujet sain et contribution de la pathologie (maculopathies)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S032/document.
Full textUnlike foveal vision that allows a detailed perception of our visual environment, the periphery only allows a coarse vision. This is why we have to move our eyes all the time in order to localize the image on the fovea, where spatial resolution is better. However, some diseases induce a loss of central vision and cause many difficulties in everyday life especially in reading, driving, face recognition and spatial cognition in general. Unlike word and face perception scene and object perception have had litte investigations in maculopathies in which people have to rely on peripheral vision. This thesis is based on the study of the capabilities of peripheral vision in scenes and objects perception.In the first part we studied scne perception at very large eccentricities in normally sighted young people. We show that, in spite of its low resolution, peripheral vision is efficient to recognize objects and scenes even at very large eccentricities (above 50°).In the second part, we investigated on effects of central vision loss on object and scene perception in identification and visual search tasks on small or realistic panoramic displays. We report a series of experiments showing that central vision loss induced a lower fixation stability which had a strong impact on object and scene and on visual search, especially in crowded conditions.These studies contribute to the understanding of the contribution of central and peripheral vision on object and scene gist recognition but also on the role of contextual information and how patients with central vision loss perceive real-world scenes