Journal articles: 'Pathologies de type archaïque'

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Chevillon, Jean-Albert, and Pere Pau Ripollès Alegre. "Emporion archaïque: genèse d’un revers-type." Lucentum, no. 33 (December 15, 2014): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/lvcentvm2014.33.18.

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Ce travail traite des revers incus présents sur les émissions archaïques d’Emporion. Après une période utilisant plusieurs types de revers, l’atelier créa à la fin de sa phase A archaïque (vers 500 av. J.-C.) un très caractéristique revers-type : une croix perlée à l’intérieur d’un carré creux à quatre languettes.

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Delion, Pierre. "Les destins de la destructivité." Journal de la psychanalyse de l'enfant Vol. 14, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jpe.027.0017.

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La destructivité est en chacun de nous. Si elle n’est pas l’objet d’une canalisation de la pulsion pendant l’enfance, puis d’une sublimation, elle alimente les destructions auxquelles nous assistons tous les jours. À partir de deux exemples cliniques, un enfant autiste et un enfant psychotique, l’auteur montre comment cette destructivité (auto et hétéro) peut être comprise sur le plan psychopathologique. Il propose une modélisation des types de transferts observés (adhésif et projectif) et des dispositifs institutionnels pour remédier à la destructivité. La prise en compte de la constellation transférentielle apparaît ainsi comme la forme la plus appropriée pour entreprendre un travail psychothérapeutique avec les personnes présentant des pathologies archaïques.

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Mărgineanu-Cârstoiu, Monica. "Histria archaïque. Un nouveau chapiteau ionique et quelques avis sur les temples d’Aphrodite et de Zeus." CaieteARA. Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, no. 3 (2012): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47950/caieteara.2012.3.04.

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La découverte d’un nouveau chapiteau ionique (500-480) mis au jour par les fouilles archéologiques réalisées ces dernières années dans la zone située à l’ouest du Temple d’Aphrodite relance la discussion concernant l’aspect du plan du temple d’Aphrodite dans les périodes archaïque et archaïque récente. Seront présentés quelques arguments qui viennent à l’appui d’un changement de conception sur le type de plan du temple avant la grande destruction du Ve siècle - plan considéré jusqu’à maintenant comme prostyle - et favorisant la solution périptère. Pour la même période on discute également l’hypothèse périptère du temple de Zeus, rejetant la solution à péristasis sur trois cotées formulée auparavant et en favorisant une solution périptère hexastyle. Il est soutenu que la séquence chronologique ~500-480 correspondrait à une période de construction distincte, caractérisée notamment par l’ennoblissement de l’architecture des temples d’Aphrodite et de Zeus en remplaçant les colonnes probablement en bois anciennes archaïques (540-530) avec des colonnes en pierre. Cette période de construction a subi un moment de collapse pendant la destruction du Ve siècle de la Zone Sacrée.

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Klekamp, Jörg. "A New Classification for Pathologies of Spinal Meninges, Part 1: Dural Cysts, Dissections, and Ectasias." Neurosurgery 81, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx049.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of pathologies of the spinal dura is often unclear and their management controversial. OBJECTIVE: To classify spinal dural pathologies analogous to vascular aneurysms, present their symptoms and surgical results. METHODS: Among 1519 patients with spinal space-occupying lesions, 66 patients demonstrated dural pathologies. Neuroradiological and surgical features were reviewed and clinical data analyzed. RESULTS: Saccular dural diverticula (type I, n = 28) caused by defects of both dural layers, dissections between dural layers (type II, n = 29) due to defects of the inner layer, and dural ectasias (type III, n = 9) related to structural changes of the dura were distinguished. For all types, symptoms consisted of local pain followed by signs of radiculopathy or myelopathy, while one patient with dural ectasia presented a low-pressure syndrome and 10 patients with dural dissections additional spinal cord herniation. Type I and type II pathologies required occlusion of their dural defects via extradural (type I) or intradural (type II) approaches. For type III pathologies of the dural sac no surgery was recommended. Favorable results were obtained in all 14 patients with type I and 13 of 15 patients with type II pathologies undergoing surgery. CONCLUSION: The majority of dural pathologies involving root sleeves remain asymptomatic, while those of the dural sac commonly lead to pain and neurological symptoms. Type I and type II pathologies were treated with good long-term results occluding their dural defects, while ectasias of the dural sac (type III) were managed conservatively.

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Netter, Maurice. "Quand le surmoi vient au secours de l'analyste." Revue française de psychanalyse o 57, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfp.g1993.57n1.0103.

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Résumé Le Surmoi est une instance bi-face. Le Surmoi civilisé, selon le terme de Freud, ne refoule pas le Surmoi cruel, « archaïque », les deux aspects sont condensés. De sa face cruelle, le Surmoi, même dans sa face civilisée, garde un fonctionnement en arc réflexe qui peut intervenir avant toute décision du Moi du psychanalyste et le retenir de se laisser entraîner dans des passages à l’acte lors de pressions transférentielles de type paranoïde ou passionnel. A certains moments critiques de la cure, le Surmoi de l’analyste contribue à sauver le processus.

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Gniadek, Thomas J., Nicole Singer, Norman J. Barker, Philip J. Spevak, Barbara J. Crain, David Valle, and Marc K. Halushka. "Cardiovascular pathologies in mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly Syndrome)." Cardiovascular Pathology 24, no. 5 (September 2015): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carpath.2015.06.001.

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Low, Christopher M., and Janalee K. Stokken. "Typical Orbital Pathologies: Hemangioma." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 82, no. 01 (January 19, 2021): 020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722633.

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AbstractOrbital hemangiomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the orbit and manifest as two distinct pathologic entities: infantile hemangiomas and cavernous hemangiomas. In this article, both infantile and cavernous hemangiomas are reviewed, with special attention paid to the natural history, clinical presentation, and management teams and approaches involved. An example case of each type of hemangioma is presented along with pearls and tips a reader can take away after reading this article.

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Proust-Lemoine, Emmanuelle, and Sylvie Guyot. "Polyendocrinopathies auto-immunes de type 1 et pathologies buccales." La Presse Médicale 46, no. 9 (September 2017): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2017.05.029.

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Jiao, Shu-Sheng, Xiu-Qing Yao, Yu-Hui Liu, Qing-Hua Wang, Fan Zeng, Jian-Jun Lu, Jia Liu, et al. "Edaravone alleviates Alzheimer’s disease-type pathologies and cognitive deficits." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 16 (April 6, 2015): 5225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422998112.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of most devastating diseases affecting elderly people. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and the downstream pathological events such as oxidative stress play critical roles in pathogenesis of AD. Lessons from failures of current clinical trials suggest that targeting multiple key pathways of the AD pathogenesis is necessary to halt the disease progression. Here we show that Edaravone, a free radical scavenger that is marketed for acute ischemic stroke, has a potent capacity of inhibiting Aβ aggregation and attenuating Aβ-induced oxidation in vitro. When given before or after the onset of Aβ deposition via i.p. injection, Edaravone substantially reduces Aβ deposition, alleviates oxidative stress, attenuates the downstream pathologies including Tau hyperphosphorylation, glial activation, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and rescues the behavioral deficits of APPswe/PS1 mice. Oral administration of Edaravone also ameliorates the AD-like pathologies and memory deficits of the mice. These findings suggest that Edaravone holds a promise as a therapeutic agent for AD by targeting multiple key pathways of the disease pathogenesis.

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Mayán Santos, L., I. Anibarro Miralles, S. Herrero Castellano, S. Rubio Lanchas, B. Aguirre Gervás, W. Trapiello Fernández, G. Velasco De Cos, I. De La Fuente Graciani, and S. Pérez González. "Cryoglobulins type I and hematological pathologies: A case study." Clinica Chimica Acta 558 (May 2024): 118387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2024.118387.

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Matic, Kieran J., Rajkumar Cheluvappa, and Selwyn Selvendran. "Surgical Stabilisation of Traumatic Rib Fractures with Chronic, Residual Type A Aortic Dissection." Healthcare 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040392.

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Surgical stabilisation of rib fractures (SSRF) reduces morbidity and mortality. However, its impact in complicated cases, particularly those with underlying thoracic pathologies, is of continued interest. Electronic records were retrospectively reviewed after obtaining informed consent from the patient. This case report details a patient with chronic, residual, Stanford Type A aortic dissection (AD) who had multiple left-sided rib fractures with a flail segment after being struck by a bicycle. The preoperative computed tomography (CT) of the patient’s chest showed that the sixth posterior rib fracture location was just ~13 mm from the false lumen of the aorta. As the patient had poor respiratory output and persistent pain, SSRF was not performed on the posterior sections. However, the anterior third to seventh rib fractures were plated. The patient recovered fully, with reduced pain and improved respiratory function. This is the first report describing the benefits of SSRF with AD or major thoracic pathologies. Further research into the benefits of SSRF in specific thoracic pathologies may lead to improved patient outcomes. This may require the creation of profiles of patient cohorts with relevant clinical history to determine if SSRF may benefit patients with specific thoracic pathologies.

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Sahibzada, Sadia, Ajmal Khan, Tariq Sardar, Usama Aurangzeb, Nafeesa Afridi, and Intikhab Amanat. "Impacted Mandibular Third Molars Associated Pathologies." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22168919.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify the most common and severe types of pathologic diseases surrounding impacted mandibular third molars using radiographic imaging. Cases and procedures: An analysis of past patients who had impacted mandibular molars extracted at Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery of Cat D Hospital Gara Tajik Peshawar. Impacted mandibular third molar radiographic lesions, patient age and gender were used as the study's outcome measures. Caries, pericoronal radiolucent areas, periapical radiolucent areas, odontomes, and external resorption of the roots of adjacent mandibular second molars were also noted on radiographs of the impacted third molar. Histopathology confirmed the presence of bone marrow in all radiolucent regions. Results: There were 2,832 mandibular third molars that had been impacted and were studied from 1,397 individuals; 49.4 percent of the impacted teeth had associated radiographic abnormalities. Dental cavities were the most prevalent abnormality detected by panoramic radiography. Other examples of this type of radiolucency can be found at the periphery of the cortex and at the tip of the apex. Histological analysis confirmed that chronic periapical inflammation was the primary cause of most periapical radiolucent regions. Histological examination revealed that all radiolucent spots located around the corona were malignant cysts or tumours. Dentigerous cysts were the most common type of cyst, while ameloblastomas were the most common type of tumour. Conclusion: A large proportion of the patients with a third molar impaction in the mandible also had an underlying pathologic condition. Keywords: Mandibular, Radiolucent, Panoramic, Tumor

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Kononikhin, A. S., K. Yu Fedorchenko, A. M. Ryabokon, N. L. Starodubtseva, I. A. Popov, M. G. Zavialova, E. C. Anaev, A. G. Chuchalin, S. D. Varfolomeev, and E. N. Nikolaev. "Proteomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate for diagnosis of pathologies of the respiratory system." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 61, no. 6 (2015): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20156106777.

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Study of the proteomic composition of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), is a promising non-invasive method for the diagnosis of the respiratory tract diseases in patients. In this study the EBC proteomic composition of the 79 donors, including patients with different pathologies of the respiratory system has been investigated. Cytoskeletal keratins type II (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and cytoskeletal keratins the type I (9, 10, 14, 15, 16) were invariant for all samples. Analyzing the frequency of occurrence of proteins in different groups of examined patients, several categories of protein have been recognized: found in all pathologies (Dermcidin, Alpha-1-microglobulin, SHROOM3), found in several pathologies (CSTA, LCN1, JUP, PIP, TXN), and specific for a single pathology (PRDX1, Annexin A1/A2). The EBC analysis by HPLC-MS/MS can be used to identify potential protein markers characteristic for pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PRDX1) and pneumonia (Annexin A1/A2).

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Amakha, Amakha, M. Aboudourib, M. Khallouki, I. Kial, O. Hocar, and S. Amal. "Vitiligo and Associated Diseases: Moroccan Study of 21 Cases." SAS Journal of Medicine 9, no. 03 (March 4, 2023): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2023.v09i03.001.

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Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary dermatosis where the destruction of epidermal melanocytes causes leukoderma. This dermatosis can be associated with many autoimmune or other pathologies. Purpose of the series was to study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vitiligo and the frequency of associated pathologies, especially autoimmune ones, among thirty patients followed up for vitiligo in dermatology consultations in Marrakech during 4 years (2019-2022). In the present series out of 30 cases 22 (73.3%) were females and 8 (26.7%) were males. The mean age of our patients was 41.20 years. 21 patients (70%) had one or more associated pathologies such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, diabetes type I, diabetes type II, dysthyroidism, Sjögren’s syndrome, alopecia areata, depression and anxiety. Vitiligo appeared after the associated disease in 40% (12 cases) and had preceded it in 43.3% (13 cases) and concomitantly in only one case (3.3%). Vitiligo is a chronic acquired autoimmune dermatosis, often associated with/or discovered by other autoimmune or other pathologies.

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Pelenitsyn, Artem, Julia Belyakova, Benjamin Chung, Ross Tate, and Jan Vitek. "Type stability in Julia: avoiding performance pathologies in JIT compilation." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (October 20, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485527.

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As a scientific programming language, Julia strives for performance but also provides high-level productivity features. To avoid performance pathologies, Julia users are expected to adhere to a coding discipline that enables so-called type stability. Informally, a function is type stable if the type of the output depends only on the types of the inputs, not their values. This paper provides a formal definition of type stability as well as a stronger property of type groundedness, shows that groundedness enables compiler optimizations, and proves the compiler correct. We also perform a corpus analysis to uncover how these type-related properties manifest in practice.

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James, Bryan D., Robert S. Wilson, Patricia A. Boyle, John Q. Trojanowski, David A. Bennett, and Julie A. Schneider. "TDP-43 stage, mixed pathologies, and clinical Alzheimer’s-type dementia." Brain 139, no. 11 (September 30, 2016): 2983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww224.

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Haddam, A. E. M., N. S. Fedala, F. Chentli, and D. Meskine. "Les pathologies associées au diabète de type 1 chez l’enfant." Annales d'Endocrinologie 76, no. 4 (September 2015): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.07.749.

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Trigui, S., F. Boubakaer, H. Mrabet, N. Lassoued, W. Alaya, B. Zantour, and M. H. Sfar. "Diabète de type 2 et pathologies endocriniennes ? Cause ou conséquence ?" Annales d'Endocrinologie 84, no. 1 (February 2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2022.12.263.

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Sebothoma, Ben, and Katijah Khoza-Shangase. "Middle ear Pathologies in Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 8 (March 3, 2020): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489420909847.

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Introduction: Middle ear pathologies have been linked with HIV. The onset and development of these pathologies in individuals with HIV have not been categorized; and clarity has not been gained regarding whether their presentation is any different in this population when compared to HIV negative control group. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore and document published evidence reflecting trends in middle ear pathologies in adults living with HIV. Methods: A systematic review of literature from January 1982 to December 2018 was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, and Psych Info. Studies that reported the occurrence rate of middle ear pathologies in adults with HIV and published in English were included. Results: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Evidence suggests that the reported occurrence rates of middle ear pathologies ranges from 2.5% to 58% in this population. The variability in assessment measures as well as the different cut-off criteria used in studies seem to have an influence in the findings, with pure tone audiometry identifying more middle ear pathologies in the current review than tympanometry with 226 Hz probe tone and clinical examination. Otitis media, conductive hearing loss, and type B tympanogram were common findings reported in this study. No evidence of an association between the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the rates of middle ear pathologies was found. Conclusion: Although there are very few studies that have reported on middle ear pathologies in adults living with HIV, the available studies have sufficiently established a link between HIV and middle ear disease in this population, and have revealed that the rate of occurrence is influenced by a number of factors. Key amongst these is the type of assessment measure used. Careful analysis of middle ear pathologies in this population through well controlled research designs that include different assessment measures. The use of case-control and longitudinal designs to determine differences between groups and to establish the time of onset and development of middle ear pathologies is required.

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Lam, Khanh, Luong Van Hoang, and Lam Viet Anh. "Tracheal bronchus and associated pathologies detected by multidetector-row computed tomography in the Vietnamese population." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 12 (September 28, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_40_2022.

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Tracheal bronchus (TB) is a very rare condition, which is often associated with some other pathologies. This study was designed to characterize the morphology of tracheal bronchus and associated pathologies in Vietnamese individuals using multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). From August 2016 to February 2021, 16, 64-, and 128-detector-row computed tomography scanners were used to perform chest scans of 3663 patients, of whom 32 had tracheal bronchus and associated pathologies. The prevalence of tracheal bronchus was 0.9%, of which 0.6% were male and 0.3% were female. We found that one patient had bilateral tracheal bronchus (3.1%) and 31 patients (96.9%) had right-sided tracheal bronchus. Most patients (75.1%) had type II tracheal bronchus, whereas 15.6% and 6.2% had type III and type I tracheal bronchus, respectively. The average distance from the tracheal bronchus to the carina was 6.6 ± 6.4 mm. The average diameter of the tracheal bronchus was 4.4 ± 2.2 mm; the group with 2–4-mm tracheal bronchus accounted for the highest proportion (46.9%). Associated pathologies included congenital heart diseases (i.e., valvular heart disease, tetralogy of Fallot, cyanotic congenital heart disease-APSO, and aortic coarctation) (43.7%), stenosis of the bilateral pulmonary arteries (15.6%), absent left pulmonary artery (6.2%), stenosis of the right pulmonary artery (3.1%), anomalous pulmonary venous connection (3.1%), stenosis of the trachea (3.1%), stenosis of the left main bronchus (3.1%), bronchogenic cyst (3.1%), and bronchial atresia (3.1%), and the remaining 12.5% had no abnormalities. tracheal bronchus is a very rare abnormality among Vietnamese and is often accompanied by other pathologies. MDCT with a high spatial resolution and a good tissue contrast, along with contrast agent and appropriate scanning protocols, is efficient in detecting tracheal bronchus and associated pathologies.

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Gimaev, Ilia A., Valeriya A. Bondar, E. J. Lushnikova, Ilya V. Borisov, Mikhail M. Kanarskii, and Julia Yu Nekrasova. "Glycogen-storage disease type 1: medical and social alertness." Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation 23, no. 1 (August 15, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mser34225.

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Orphan hereditary pathologies are an urgent medical problem. Metabolic diseases have a special place among them. Currently they include about 500 nosological forms, in particular glycogen diseases. Type 1b glycogen disease (GB1b) occupies a special place. In addition to metabolic disorders, patients with this disease have severe neutropenia, which leads to frequent recurrent infectious diseases, such as stomatitis, periodontitis, furunculosis, otitis, colitis, gingivitis. In addition, recent studies showed the presence of lymphocytic dysregulation in patients with GB1b which is associated with T-regulatory lymphocytes dysfunction. It leads to an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, Crohns disease, ANA-associated vasculitis. In addition, there is evidence about the association of GB1b and oncological pathologies, such as giant bone cell tumor, acute myeloid leukemia. According to such a wide variety of clinical manifestations, knowledge of the pathogenesis and possible non-metabolic manifestations is necessary for proper diagnostics and therapy.

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Negru, Nichita, Olga Procopenco, Nicolae Cucereavii, Gheorghe Caradja, Elizaveta Zanoaga, and Dumitru Hitu. "Management of oro–maxillo– facial pathologies in association with endocrine pathologies in ambulatory surgery." Journal of Stomatological Medicine, no. 1(62) (January 2024): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53530/1857-1328.23.1.01.

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Within department of dental surgery, patients with diabetes mellitus require particular approach during treatment, due to the impact on peripheral vascular system metabolism of this pathology. The study included 41 patients with various oral pathologies associated with diabetes mellitus, who weretreated in theDepartment of Oral Surgery within Dental Municipal Center in Chisinau. Out of 41 patients, 24 were female (58,5%), 21 were aged more than 60 years old (51,2%), meanwhile 37 patients were based in Chisinau (90,2%). Most common diagnosis was periodontitis, in 30 of cases (73,2%), while sinusitis– only 2 cases (4,9%). Odontectomy was the treatment of choice for 30 patients (73,2%). The ratio between diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 represents 1:6. The blood glucose level increased by an average of 0,53 mmol/L, after intervention. Cardiovascular comorbidities were reported in 80,5% of cases. As paraclinical examination, orthopantomography was applied the most, 27 patients (65,9%). Surgical procedures, even the less invasive ones as odontectomy, can exert an influence on the endocrine system, underlined by several clinical signs, capable to cause significant risk for the patient’s state of health.

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Albuquerque, Pedro, João Pedro Machado, Tanmay Tulsidas Verlekar, Paulo Lobato Correia, and Luís Ducla Soares. "Remote Gait Type Classification System Using Markerless 2D Video." Diagnostics 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101824.

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Several pathologies can alter the way people walk, i.e., their gait. Gait analysis can be used to detect such alterations and, therefore, help diagnose certain pathologies or assess people’s health and recovery. Simple vision-based systems have a considerable potential in this area, as they allow the capture of gait in unconstrained environments, such as at home or in a clinic, while the required computations can be done remotely. State-of-the-art vision-based systems for gait analysis use deep learning strategies, thus requiring a large amount of data for training. However, to the best of our knowledge, the largest publicly available pathological gait dataset contains only 10 subjects, simulating five types of gait. This paper presents a new dataset, GAIT-IT, captured from 21 subjects simulating five types of gait, at two severity levels. The dataset is recorded in a professional studio, making the sequences free of background camouflage, variations in illumination and other visual artifacts. The dataset is used to train a novel automatic gait analysis system. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed system achieves a drastic reduction in the number of trainable parameters, memory requirements and execution times, while the classification accuracy is on par with the state-of-the-art. Recognizing the importance of remote healthcare, the proposed automatic gait analysis system is integrated with a prototype web application. This prototype is presently hosted in a private network, and after further tests and development it will allow people to upload a video of them walking and execute a web service that classifies their gait. The web application has a user-friendly interface usable by healthcare professionals or by laypersons. The application also makes an association between the identified type of gait and potential gait pathologies that exhibit the identified characteristics.

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Charytoniuk, Tomasz, Hubert Zywno, Klaudia Berk, Wiktor Bzdega, Adrian Kolakowski, Adrian Chabowski, and Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka. "The Endocannabinoid System and Physical Activity—A Robust Duo in the Novel Therapeutic Approach against Metabolic Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063083.

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Rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and related pathologies encompassing coronary heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes constitute serious threats to global health and are associated with a significantly elevated risk of premature death. Considering the enormous burden of these pathologies, novel therapeutic and preventive patterns are indispensable. Dysregulation of one of the most complex biological systems in the human body namely, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may result in metabolic imbalance and development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, many studies showed that physical exercises, depending on their type, intensity, and frequency, exert various alterations within the ECS. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting the ECS via physical activity may produce robust beneficial effects on the course of metabolic pathologies. However, the data showing a direct correlation between the ECS and physical activity in the aspect of metabolic health are very scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide the most up-to-date state of knowledge about the interplay between the ECS activity and physical exercises in the novel therapeutic and preventive approach toward metabolic pathologies. We believe that this paper, at least in part, will fulfill the existing gap in knowledge and encourage researchers to further explore this very complex yet interesting link between the ECS, its action in physical activity, and subsequent positive outcomes for metabolic health.

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Civieri, Giovanni, Laura Iop, and Francesco Tona. "Antibodies against Angiotensin II Type 1 and Endothelin 1 Type A Receptors in Cardiovascular Pathologies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020927.

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Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and endothelin-1 receptor type A (ETAR) are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on the surface of a great variety of cells: immune cells, vascular smooth cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts express ETAR and AT1R, which are activated by endothelin 1 (ET1) and angiotensin II (AngII), respectively. Certain autoantibodies are specific for these receptors and can regulate their function, thus being known as functional autoantibodies. The function of these antibodies is similar to that of natural ligands, and it involves not only vasoconstriction, but also the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6 (IL6), IL8 and TNF-α), collagen production by fibroblasts, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by fibroblasts and neutrophils. The role of autoantibodies against AT1R and ETAR (AT1R-AAs and ETAR-AAs, respectively) is well described in the pathogenesis of many medical conditions (e.g., systemic sclerosis (SSc) and SSc-associated pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, and allograft dysfunction), but their implications in cardiovascular diseases are still unclear. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the effects of AT1R-AAs and ETAR-AAs in cardiovascular pathologies, highlighting their roles in heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support, preeclampsia, and acute coronary syndromes.

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Zhuravlyova, L. V., and M. V. Kulikova. "The role of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms in the development of carbohydrate disorders in patients with arterial hypertension." Siberian Medical Journal 34, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2019-34-3-33-39.

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Arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are the most widespread comorbid pathologies. The coexistence of these disorders accelerates the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, considerably increases the cardiovascular risk, as well as the risk of stroke and end stage renal disease. The synergism of these two pathologies is caused by the unity of pathogenetic mechanisms. Genetic predisposition also contributes to the development of both pathologies. It is well known that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system slows down the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and also reduces the frequency of cardiovascular or kidney events in patients with these disorders. Gene polymorphisms of the reninangiotensin system are thoughtfully studied in the context of cardiovascular disease development. Currently, the role of gene polymorphisms in the development of carbohydrate disorders is not established, however, there is a high probability of their influence and importance. The purpose of review is to analyze the accumulated data on the effects of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms on the development of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Bennour, M., I. Rojbi, I. Rezgani, I. Ben Nacef, N. Mchirgui, K. Khiari, and N. Ben Abdallah. "Fréquence des pathologies auto-immunes au cours du diabète type 1." Annales d'Endocrinologie 78, no. 4 (September 2017): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2017.07.684.

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Rome, Sophie. "Are extracellular microRNAs involved in type 2 diabetes and related pathologies?" Clinical Biochemistry 46, no. 10-11 (July 2013): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.02.018.

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Abdelhamid, Mona, Chunyu Zhou, Cha-Gyun Jung, and Makoto Michikawa. "Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Mitigates Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Pathologies in Wild-Type Mice." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2022): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122543.

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Probiotics improve brain function, including memory and cognition, via the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 (B. breve MCC1274) improves cognitive function in AppNL-G-F mice and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and mitigates Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathologies. However, its effects on wild-type (WT) mice have not yet been explored. Thus, the effects of B. breve MCC1274 on AD-like pathologies in two-month-old WT mice were investigated, which were orally administered B. breve MCC1274 for four months. Aβ levels, amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP processing enzymes, phosphorylated tau, synaptic protein levels, glial activity, and cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, and normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Oral administration of B. breve MCC1274 in WT mice decreased soluble hippocampal Aβ42 levels by reducing presenilin1 protein levels, and reduced phosphorylated tau levels. It also activated the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway, which may be responsible for the reduction in presenilin1 levels and inhibition of tau phosphorylation. B. breve MCC1274 supplementation attenuated microglial activation and elevated synaptic protein levels in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that B. breve MCC1274 may mitigate AD-like pathologies in WT mice by decreasing Aβ42 levels, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, attenuating neuroinflammation, and improving synaptic protein levels.

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Koklesova, Lenka, Alena Liskova, Marek Samec, Kevin Zhai, Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq, Ondrej Bugos, Miroslava Šudomová, et al. "Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168649.

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Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is unavoidable in advanced healthcare. Flavonoids demonstrate evident antioxidant and scavenging activity are of great therapeutic utility against mitochondrial damage and cascading pathologies. In the context of 3PM, this review focuses on preclinical and clinical research data evaluating the efficacy of flavonoids as a potent protector against mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.

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Amirian, Maliheh, Anis Darvish Mohammadabad, Negar Morovatdar, and Leili Hafizi. "Investigating Hysteroscopy Implementation in Infertile Women Candidate With a Normal Uterine Cavity for Laparoscopy in Hysterosalpingography." International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 7, no. 1 (October 11, 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2019.13.

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Objectives: Endometrial pathologies inside the cavity can occur simultaneously with gestational unpleasant consequences but are not always capable of being diagnosed by the hysterosalpingography (HSG). This study aimed to examine the value of performing diagnostic hysteroscopy beside diagnostic laparoscopy among infertile women with normal uterine cavities in HSG. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 infertile women with normal uterine cavities in the HSG and within the age range of 18-40 who referred to Imam Reza hospital for laparoscopy during 2016-2017 were included in this cross-sectional study. Hysteroscopy was performed simultaneously with diagnostic laparoscopy. Then, the existence of uterine pathologies like endometrial polyps, submucous myoma, and uterine endometrial adhesions and their relationship with the patient’s age, infertility type and duration, and cycle time were evaluated. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 64 patients (63.1 %) had a normal uterine cavity in the hysteroscopy while 39 of them had an abnormal uterine cavity, the HSG false negative cases of whom were reported 37.9%. The pathologies found in the hysteroscopy were endometrial polyp (16 cases), submucous myoma (1 case), uterine septum (6 cases), asherman syndrome (7 cases), bicornuate uterus (4 cases), polyp + asherman (3 cases), polyp + submucous myoma (1 case), and septum + submucous myoma (1 case). Patients’ age, type of infertility, and menstruation time during performing hysteroscopy made no particular difference in diagnosing pathologies of the uterine cavity in the hysteroscopy. Conclusions: Based on the findings, conducting hysteroscopy in infertile women who are candidates of laparoscopy and have normal uterine cavities in HSG can result in recognizing some cases of uterine pathologies which influence the outcomes of future pregnancies is not dependent upon the patient’s age, menstruation time, type and duration of infertility, and result of laparoscopy.

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Arenas, J., V. Diaz, G. Liras, E. Gutierrez, I. Santos, A. Martinez, and J. M. Culebras. "Activities of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in serum in various skeletal muscle disorders." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.12.2460.

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Abstract We studied possible correlations between anatomopathological and clinical features and the values for total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and its isoenzymes, including the proportion of CK-MB, in a population displaying several neuromuscular pathologies. Although we observed no specific isoenzyme pattern associated with the different myopathies, we found isoenzyme analysis useful in studying the histopathological evolution of illness. We also considered whether the pathology was regenerative or nonregenerative, and what type of fiber (I or II) was involved. High CK-MB percentages (greater than 6%) were associated with regenerative and type I fiber myopathies, with regenerative type tissues being the principal factor associated with an increasing proportion of CK-MB. Studying the changes in CK-MB percentage in serum appears to be useful in discriminating neuromuscular from myocardial pathologies.

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Sam John Koshy, Madhulaxmi M, and Sivakumar. "Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies — An Institutional Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (October 21, 2020): 1725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3502.

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Oral and pathology infers all the diseases of the mouth and structures related to the mouth inclusive of salivary glands, joints (TMJ), facial muscles and skin. Management of oral and pathology remains one of the most universally performed procedures by oral and surgeons. Lesions of the oral and region are a group of heterogeneous diseases with a wide spectrum of characteristics. Predictability of lesions helps in rightly predicting, diagnosing, treating and eliminating that arise in the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of oral and encountered in a single institution. This is a single retrospective study done from June 2019 – March 2020. Sixty-five patients who were diagnosed with a pathology pertaining to the oral and region were considered. Lesions were grouped as a cyst, tumors, infections, salivary gland and others for better understanding and interpretation. The parameters examined and processed with relevance to oral and pathology were type of lesion, age and gender of the patient. IBM SPSS Version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Out of a total of 65 patients considered with oral and pathological lesion requiring surgical management, the most common type of pathology was a cyst (40.0%) followed by tumors (21.5%). Gender predilection for oral and pathology was evident with greater incidence among males (63.1%) with p value = 0.049 < 0.05, by chi square test and in an age group of 21-30 years (30.8%) with p value = 0.044 < 0.05 by chi square test. This study concludes to establish the predominance of oral and that arise in the age group of 21-30 years with a gender preference to males over females. The most common pathology was cysts, followed by tumors with cyst (53.8%) and (35.7%) being most common in their respective pathological genre.

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Uribe, Felipe R., Valentina P. I. González, Alexis M. Kalergis, Jorge A. Soto, and Karen Bohmwald. "Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development." Brain Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010059.

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Central nervous system (CNS) pathologies are a public health concern, with viral infections one of their principal causes. These viruses are known as neurotropic pathogens, characterized by their ability to infiltrate the CNS and thus interact with various cell populations, inducing several diseases. The immune response elicited by neurotropic viruses in the CNS is commanded mainly by microglia, which, together with other local cells, can secrete inflammatory cytokines to fight the infection. The most relevant neurotropic viruses are adenovirus (AdV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus (EV), Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have associated a viral infection with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) manifestations. This article will review the knowledge about viral infections, CNS pathologies, and the immune response against them. Also, it allows us to understand the relevance of the different viral proteins in developing neuronal pathologies, SLE and NPSLE.

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Carranza Lizana, Graciela Mercedes, Susan Viviana Huamán Quispe, Anggela Ulloque Núñez, Jhon Alex Vílchez Altamirano, and Marisel Roxana Valenzuela Ramos. "Pathologies associated with the eruption of the third molar." World Health Journal 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47422/whj.v2i2.16.

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This research aims to determine the pathologies associated with the eruption of the third molar in order to have a broader and more comprehensive picture of the subject. Specifically, we focus on the third molar that usually erupts between approximately 18 and 25 years of age, as well as its different stages of the growth period, which are initiation, proliferation, histodifferentiation, morphodifferentiation and apposition. It also indicates the anatomical considerations of the third molar with respect to its different positions and how its normal evolution is altered. It also indicates the pathogenesis of the eruption of the third molars which can have a triple onset, since the first can be of an infectious type from the oral cavity, the second is of a mechanical type with respect to lack of space and the third is of neurological origin, for which each one of them is detailed.

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Zvonareva, Ekaterina B., Nina G. Toporkova, and Elizaveta N. Ivanova. "Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor in cardiovascular pathologies development." Tambov Medical Journal, no. 3 (2023): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2782-5019-2023-5-3-31-40.

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We present data on the correlation between diabetes mellitus and the risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. The study involved 60 people, 30 men and 30 women, whose average age was 50–60 years. All participants were divided into three groups. The first group included people without type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but with cardiovascular diseases. The second group included people with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 2–3 years ago and cardiovascular diseases. The third group included people with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 10–15 years ago and cardiovascular diseases. All three groups were analyzed according to the following averages: blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol concentration, Sokolow–Lyon index and SCORE scale values. As a result of the study and comparison of three researched groups, it was revealed that people with diabetes mellitus diagnosed 2–3 years ago already have changes in the cardiovas-cular system and people with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 10–15 years ago have significant changes. Thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious factor contributing not only to cardiovascular diseases development, but also to their rapid progression, which, in turn, significantly increases the risk of death from cardiovascular complications.

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Nchinech, Naoual, Sili Akouwa Xolali Luck, El Amine Ajal, Abdelhak Chergui, Sanae Achour, Abdesselam Elkartouti, Yassir Bousliman, Rachid Nejjari, and Imane Zakariya. "Plants Use in the Care and Management of Afro-Textured Hair: A Survey of 100 Participants." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 1984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i11.022.

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Afro-textured hair has unique characteristics and requires specific care due to its curly, coily, and often fragile nature. The care practices adopted by individuals with afro-textured hair increase the incidence of certain pathologies that have become specific to this hair type over time. To treat these pathologies, an increasing number of people are turning to the use of plants due to the harmful nature of certain chemical components present in hair care products available on the market. Therefore, our work aimed to list the plants used by individuals with afro-textured hair and to verify their effectiveness in managing various hair pathologies. After an initial bibliographic section focusing on hair, including its histology, growth cycle, and hair pathologies, we conducted a survey among 100 individuals with afro-textured hair in Rabat over a period of 3 months. We identified a total of twelve plant species, eleven of which possess a range of beneficial properties in managing pathologies of afro-textured hair. The most cited plant was Ricinus communis, followed by Cocos nucifera, Syzygium aromaticum, Aloe barbadensis, Argania spinosa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Olea europaea, Cannabis sativa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Prunus dulcis.

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Breder, Ikaro Soares Santos, and Andrei C. Sposito. "Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 1 (January 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.56.

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SUMMARY Diabetes is one of the most common chronic pathologies around the world, involving treatment with general clinicians, endocrinologists, cardiologists, ophthalmologists, nephrologists and a multidisciplinary team. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can be affected by cardiac autonomic neuropathy, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. In this review, we will present current concepts, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, and possible treatment. New drugs recently developed to reduce glycemic level presented a pleiotropic effect of reducing sudden death, suggesting a potential use in patients at risk.

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Mueller, K., A. Nagel, and B. Volk. "Are there different vascular pathologies in non-hereditary neuropathies of axonal type?" Diagnostic Pathology 2, Suppl 1 (2007): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-2-s1-s19.

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Strauch, Oliver F., Jörg Stypmann, Thomas Reinheckel, Elke Martinez, Wilhelm Haverkamp, and Christoph Peters. "Cardiac and Ocular Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI." Pediatric Research 54, no. 5 (November 2003): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/01.pdr.0000084085.65972.3f.

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Savi de Tove, Manuel Messa, Ramata Bakayoko-Ly, Kolomdou Koné, Kofi Arthur N’Guessan, Emilienne N’Cho-Oka, Koffi Bruce Ahlonko, and Daniel Dosseh. "Diabète de type I chez l’enfant : gestion clinique des pathologies bucco-dentaires." Médecine Buccale Chirurgie Buccale 18, no. 3 (August 2012): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2012023.

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Chen, Lili, Wen Cheng, Pooja Shivshankar, Lei Lei, Xiaoyun Zhang, Yimou Wu, I.-Tien Yeh, and Guangming Zhong. "Distinct Roles of CD28- and CD40 Ligand-Mediated Costimulation in the Development of Protective Immunity and Pathology during Chlamydia muridarum Urogenital Infection in Mice." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 7 (April 27, 2009): 3080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00611-08.

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ABSTRACT Infection with Chlamydia muridarum in the mouse urogenital tract can induce both protective immunity and inflammatory pathologies, which has been used as a model for understanding the immune and pathogenic mechanisms of C. trachomatis infection. We compared the roles of CD28- and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-mediated costimulation in C. muridarum infection. Mice with CD28 or CD80/CD86 gene knockout (KO) displayed an infection course similar to that of wild-type mice during both primary and secondary infection, suggesting that CD28-mediated costimulation is not required for protection against C. muridarum infection. However, mice deficient in CD40L or CD40 displayed a prolonged infection course after primary or secondary infection, suggesting that CD40-CD40L costimulation plays an essential role in the development of anti-C. muridarum immunity. Interestingly, the CD28- or CD80/CD86-deficient mice displayed significantly lower levels of inflammatory pathologies in the upper genital tracts after primary infection, although the attenuation in inflammation was no longer significant during secondary infection. However, the CD40L or CD40 KO mice developed inflammatory pathologies as severe as those in wild-type mice following either primary or secondary infection despite the obvious deficits in adaptive immunity in these KO mice. The resistance of CD28 or CD80/CD86 KO mice to chlamydial infection correlated with production of gamma interferon, while the development of inflammatory pathologies in CD40L or CD40 KO mice correlated with the production of other proinflammatory cytokines in mouse urogenital tracts during the early stages of the infection. These observations together suggest that C. muridarum-induced protective immunity and inflammatory pathologies can be mediated by distinct costimulatory signals.

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Zhang, Jian, Zheng Xu, Junlian Gu, Saizhi Jiang, Quan Liu, Yang Zheng, Jonathan H. Freedman, Jian Sun, and Lu Cai. "HDAC3 inhibition in diabetic mice may activate Nrf2 preventing diabetes-induced liver damage and FGF21 synthesis and secretion leading to aortic protection." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 315, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): E150—E162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00465.2017.

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Vascular complications are common pathologies associated with type 1 diabetes. In recent years, histone deacetylation enzyme (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to be successful in preventing atherosclerosis. To investigate the mechanism for HDAC3 inhibition in preventing diabetic aortic pathologies, male OVE26 type 1 diabetic mice and age-matched wild-type (FVB) mice were given the HDAC3-specific inhibitor RGFP-966 or vehicle for 3 mo. These mice were then euthanized immediately or maintained for an additional 3 mo without treatment. Levels of aortic inflammation and fibrosis and plasma and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels were determined. Because the liver is the major organ for FGF21 synthesis in diabetic animals, the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on hepatic FGF21 synthesis were examined. Additionally, hepatic miR-200a and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation were measured. HDAC3 inhibition significantly reduced aortic fibrosis and inflammation in OVE26 mice at both 3 and 6 mo. Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly higher in RGFP-966-treated OVE26 mice compared with vehicle-treated mice at both time points. It also significantly reduced hepatic pathologies associated with diabetes, accompanied by increased FGF21 mRNA and protein expression. HDAC3 inhibition also increased miR-200a expression, reduced Keap1 protein levels, and increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation with an upregulation of antioxidant gene and FGF21 transcription. Our results support a model where HDAC3 inhibition may promote Nrf2 activity by increasing miR-200a expression with a concomitant decrease in Keap1 to preserve hepatic FGF21 synthesis. The preservation of hepatic FGF21 synthesis ultimately leads to a reduction in diabetes-induced aorta pathologies.

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Franco, Justin H., Saurabh Chattopadhyay, and Zhixing K. Pan. "How Different Pathologies Are Affected by IFIT Expression." Viruses 15, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020342.

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The type-I interferon (IFN) system represents the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Recognition of the virus initiates complex signaling pathways that result in the transcriptional induction of IFNs, which are then secreted. Secreted IFNs stimulate nearby cells and result in the production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and antiviral factors. Of particular note, IFN-induced tetratricopeptide repeat (IFIT) proteins have been thoroughly studied because of their antiviral activity against different viral pathogens. Although classically studied as an antiviral protein, IFIT expression has recently been investigated in the context of nonviral pathologies, such as cancer and sepsis. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), IFIT1 and IFIT3 promote metastasis, while IFIT2 exhibits the opposite effect. The role of IFIT proteins during bacterial/fungal sepsis is still under investigation, with studies showing conflicting roles for IFIT2 in disease severity. In the setting of viral sepsis, IFIT proteins play a key role in clearing viral infection. As a result, many viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, employ mechanisms to inhibit the type-I IFN system and promote viral replication. In cancers that are characterized by upregulated IFIT proteins, medications that decrease IFIT expression may reduce metastasis and improve survival rates. Likewise, in cases of viral sepsis, therapeutics that increase IFIT expression may improve viral clearance and reduce the risk of septic shock. By understanding the effect of IFIT proteins in different pathologies, novel therapeutics can be developed to halt disease progression.

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Bagwala, Juzer, and Susheel Soni. "Evaluation of CE angle of Wiberg for the functional outcome in various hip pathologies: an observational study." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20185344.

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Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate CE Angle of Wiberg for the functional outcome in various hip pathologies.Methods: This is a non-randomised prospective, observational study carried out for the period of 15 months. In this study 35 hips of 28 patients with hip pathologies with age more than 5 years of both genders, hip pathologies like CAM and/or Pincer type of femoroacetabular impingement, Acetabular retroversion, Perthes like deformity, osteoarthritis hip, avascular necrosis of femoral head, developmental dysplasia of hip were studed.Results: In this prospective study out of 28 patients 9 (32.14%) were FAI, 8 (28.57%) were OA hip, 8 (28.57%) were avascular necrosis of femoral head and 3 case (10.71%) is of Perthes' disease. In FAI cases 4(44.44%) patients were of Pincer type, 5 (55.55%) were of combined type with no any case of isolated CAM form. All were unilateral involvement with average CE angle of 32.670±11.670. In Pincer type mean CE angle was 36.250 ±7.50 while in Combined form the mean CE angle was 29.80±14.40. Out of 4 patients of Pincer FAI, 3 patients of Pincer type had CE angle between 250-400 which comes under normal range of CE angle, so all were planned for non operative management.Conclusions: We have found that all the hip pathologies reported to us had spectrum of variations in CE angle depending on the severity of disease. Variation was maximum seen in osteoarthritis and femoroacetabular impingement, in the cases of FAI maximum was of Pincer type.

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Veselov, Ivan M., Daria V. Vinogradova, Andrey V. Maltsev, Pavel N. Shevtsov, Elena A. Spirkova, Sergey O. Bachurin, and Elena F. Shevtsova. "Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress as a Link between Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 14450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914450.

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This review is devoted to the problems of the common features linking metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes with the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease closely intersects with the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes development, and an important risk factor for both pathologies is aging. Common pathological mechanisms include both factors in the development of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and amyloidosis, as well as impaired mitochondrial dysfunctions and increasing cell death. The currently available drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease have limited therapeutic efficacy. It is important to note that drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, in particular acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, show a positive therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, while drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes can also prevent a number of pathologies characteristic for Alzheimer’s disease. A promising direction in the search for a strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease may be the creation of complex multi-target drugs that have neuroprotective potential and affect specific common targets for type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.

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King, R. Wilson, and Marc P. Bonaca. "Acute aortic syndromes: a review of what we know and future considerations." European Heart Journal. Acute Cardiovascular Care 10, no. 10 (November 25, 2021): 1197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjacc/zuab106.

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Abstract Acute aortic syndromes represent a spectrum of life-threatening aortic pathologies. Prompt diagnosis and proper management of these syndromes are important in reducing overall mortality and morbidity, which remains high. Acute aortic dissections represent most of these aortic wall pathologies, but intramural haematomas and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers have been increasingly diagnosed. Type A dissections require prompt surgical treatment, with endovascular options on the horizon. Type B dissections can be complicated or uncomplicated, and treatment is determined based on this designation. Complicated Type B dissections require prompt repair with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) becoming the preferred method. Uncomplicated Type B dissections require medical management, but early TEVAR in the subacute setting is becoming more prominent. Proper surveillance for an uncomplicated Type B dissection is crucial in detecting aortic degeneration and need for intervention. Intramural haematomas and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers are managed similarly to aortic dissections, but more research is needed to determine the proper management algorithms. Multi-disciplinary aortic programmes have been shown to improve patient outcomes and are necessary in optimizing long-term follow-up.

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Ten, Barış, Meltem Nass Duce, Hasan Hüsnü Yüksek, Gülhan Temel, Yüksel Balcı, and Kaan Esen. "Symptomatic Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae (Bertolotti Syndrome) as a Cause of Low Back Pain: Classification and Imaging Findings." Bone and Arthrosurgery Science 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/bas.v1i1.4979.

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Objective: To determine the most common pathologies of lower back pain and the proportion of Bertolotti syndrome (BS) among these pathologies and to reveal possible gender-age differences, and to group the lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) according to Castellvi classification and find their prevalence rates. Method: The images and reports of 357 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joint between March 2020 and October 2021, mostly due to low back pain, were evaluated by a radiologist specialized in musculoskeletal radiology. Results: The mean ages of patients with and without BS were 43.9 years old and 44 years old, respectively, and there was no correlation between BS and patient age (P = 0.976). The age range of patients with BS was 15–77 years old. Twenty per cent of the patients with BS were younger than 30 years old and 50% were younger than 40 years old. No gender difference was observed among patients with BS (P = 0.572). The prevalence rates if LSTVs according to Castellvi classification, were 10% in Type 1a, 11.4% in Type 1b, 35.7% in Type 2a, 17.1% in Type 2b, 4.3% in Type 3a, 12.9% in Type 3b and 8.6% in Type 4. The main pathologies causing lower lumbar pain were active-chronic sacroiliitis, vertebral and disc degenerations, and facet joint arthrosis, while BS comes after, with 2.8%. In BS, the pain originated from the lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. Conclusion: According to our results, BS starts to be seen below the age of 30 years, but there is no significant relationship with age or gender. BS is one of the most common causes of lower lumbar pain after sacroiliitis, vertebral degeneration, and discopathy. There are different hypotheses in the literature about the etiology of BS and there is no common opinion. Therefore, there is a need for multicenter studies with large sample sizes.

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Hrabák, P., M. Kalousová, T. Krechler, and T. Zima. "Pancreatic stellate cells - rising stars in pancreatic pathologies." Physiological Research, S4 (December 30, 2021): S597—S616. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549//physiolres.934783.

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Pluripotent pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) receive growing interest in past decades. Two types of PSCs are recognized –vitamin A accumulating quiescent PSCs and activated PSCs- the main producents of extracellular matrix in pancreatic tissue. PSCs plays important role in pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. PSCs are intensively studied as potential therapeutical target because of their important role in developing desmoplastic stroma in pancreatic cancer. There also exists evidence that PSC are involved in other pathologies like type-2 diabetes mellitus. This article brings brief characteristics of PSCs and recent advances in research of these cells.

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Nanjan, Moola Joghee, and James Betz. "Resveratrol for the Management of Diabetes and its Downstream Pathologies." European Endocrinology 10, no. 1 (2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2014.10.01.31.

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Abstract:

Over the past 10 years more than 10,000 papers andin vitroinvestigations have been published that identify or analyse various critical pathways and biological processes through which the phytoalexin resveratrol has been shown to attenuate the metabolic dysfunctions, acute symptomatology and the consequential downstream pathologies related to type 2 diabetes. More recently, several clinical trials have confirmed resveratrol’s potential to substantially enhance the therapeutic effects of the pharmaceutical metformin hydrochloride, particularly related to glucose management, insulin sensitivity and cardioprotection. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed type 2 diabetes treatment worldwide; consequently, any compound with the ability to safely and effectively augment its therapeutic effects warrants intensive investigation. This paper elucidates the principal modes of action that underly resveratrol’s promising potential as an effective adjunct treatment for patients currently being administered metformin.

Journal articles on the topic 'Pathologies de type archaïque'

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