Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pathologies de type archaïque'
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Basset, Isabelle. "Des "idiots" à l'hôpital psychiatrique depuis les années soixante : quand l'histoire institutionnelle devient celle du sujet." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0097.
Full textThis research is based on the author work as a clinical psychologist in a specialized care home. The institution, opened in 2003, was created by a psychiatric hospital in order to orient its deficient patients who had been hospitalised since childhood. When the author arrived in the institution in 2011, the subjective history of each patient seemed to be obscured by a collective history in which our historical representations of asylums, evoking dehumanisation, promiscuity and ill-treatment, were mixed. In the hospitalization files, the author found the generic term "idiocy" and a certain diagnostic confusion. She then looked at the historical conceptions of idiocy to recognise their influence on the treatment, both therapeutic and social, of these subjects with archaic pathologies. By considering history with a dimension of transgenerational inheritance, she have shed light on the persistence of ancient themes of incurability, ineducability and degeneracy, which have gradually become collective representations. It is their traces that she have studied throughout this work, their transformation supporting invasive phantasmatic processes generating experiences of shame, articulated to mechanisms of indifferentiation, misinscription and liminality. Based on clinical material consisting of files, meetings with families, but also with former hospital carers, she propose that a historicising and narrative approach becomes operative for the workers of the specialised home and its residents, in order to curb the dehumanising mechanisms of the clastic and the archaic which constitute this "extreme" clinical practice. Thus, considering the singular history of the subject consists in allowing him to occupy a differentiated place in the intersubjective relationship. This thesis is based on an epistemological viewpoint at the crossroads of the human sciences in order to question the process of institutionalisation of the subject with an intellectual disability and its impacts, in both a metapsychological and socio-historical dimension. The author link it to the evolution of public policies concerning psychiatry and the medico-social field in France
Broqueres-You, Dong. "Motricite vasculaire et pathologies cardiovasculaires." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077090.
Full textHypertension is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. We are interested by signaling pathways involved in the control of vasomotricity. We first shown that TXA2-induced vasoconstriction was mediated by stimulation of COX-1 and by production of PGE2 in thé résistance arteries. We next evidenced that the presence of AT2 receptor was essential for the fiow-dependent dilatation initiated by kallikrein-kinin System. We then determined that vasodilator fonction and protein content endothelial of AT2 receptor were both impaired in résistance arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, the specific and no-specific anti-hypertensive treatments restored the expression and the vasodilator fonction of AT2 receptor in SHR. Pro-angiogenic cell therapy based on administration of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMC) is now under investigation in humans for the treatment of ischemic diseases induced by hypertension. We demonstrated that BMC interacted with ischemic femoral arteries through SDF-1 and CXCR4 signaling and released NO via an eNOS-dependent pathway. BMC-induced NO production promoted a marked vasodilatation and disrupted vascular endothelial-cadherin/beta-catenin complexes, leading to increased vascular permeability. NO-dependent vasodilatation and hyper-permeability were critical for BMC infiltration in ischemic tissues and their pro-angiogenic potential in a model of hindlimb ischemia in mice. Our results propose a new concept that pro-angiogenic progenitor cell activity does not rely only on their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells but rather on their capacity to modulate the fonction of preexisting vessels
Wang, Yufei. "Modélisation de la compliance de l'aorte dans le cas de pathologies de type anévrisme." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS038/document.
Full textThe Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm (AAA) is a pathology that is defined by a localized and permanent dilation of the artery and which involves over 8.8% of the seniors. Currently, when a patient has a dilatation of the aorta leading to a surgery because of the rupture risk, the therapeutic decision is made depending on the diameter of the aneurysm. To determine this diameter, it is usually conducted an examination by medical imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI...). However, it notes that the diagnosis can’t be satisfied with a single dimensional measurement face to induced risks: first of all, when the diameter exceed a certain growth, the risk of rupture can reach 50% but more than 5% of surgical procedures may cause the patient's death. Other metrics such as compliance of the artery can be used for the decision for surgery. Compliance corresponds to a precise definition by cardiologists: this is a quantity that characterizes the deformability, describing the ability of aorta to distend under the influence of blood pressure. From our point of view, this concept is insufficient because, generally, in the case of an aneurysm, rupture is highly localized because of the complexity of the shape. It is therefore necessary to extend its definition in a quantity not localized at a section or a specific location but to the whole wall. Diagnostics methods will be more reliable if they can determine localized compliance. From a mechanical standpoint, determining compliance is thus transformed into the measurement of localized parietal elasticity of aorta. The elasticity is not a directly measurable parameter. Therefore, the problem comes down to determining the local strain of the aortic wall in the hemodynamic condition. Solving this problem is complex. Indeed, the mechanical stresses are dependent on the flow of blood, the artery surrounding organs, the material properties of the artery and the geometry of the aneurysm which are specific to each patient. At present, many numerical and experimental works is done but few studies have well correlated medical imaging techniques for the diagnostic aid. It is in this context that are my thesis in collaboration both with the Dijon University Hospital where were performed all experiments using MRI and GMedTech laboratory GMIT (Galway- Mayo Institute of Technology) in Ireland who provided the replicas and their expertise in the cardiovascular area. This work, conducted on various form of phantoms in Vitro, are intended, first to build a metrological methodology to help doctors understand and validate MRI measurements using other devices measurement, on the other hand, to improve the methods of diagnosing the abdominal aortic aneurysm. The principle of this work is to develop experimental modeling in vitro in a metrology framework and correlate the results from different measurement techniques and numerical modeling throughout a cycle reproducing the hemodynamic conditions. To consider the problem as a whole, not only the evolution of deformation representing the elasticity of the aorta should be studied, but also the evolution of soliciting flow. Therefore, in this thesis, several devices such as stereovision, Particle image velocimetry (PIV), MRI kinetic sequence but also the flow 2D and 4D were employed. Various numerical models were established to not only correlate the results with those obtained experimentally, therefore, to improve the credibility of our study, but also to be part of the aid protocol to the diagnosis that we have proposed. In the end, all the results from different experimental and numerical models have led to propose a validated and feasible diagnosis protocol based on MRI sequences. The application of this protocol on a realistic AAA complex phantom showed its feasibility. We can therefore say that the feasibility of the proposed protocol is demonstrated and that based on MRI (…)
Dorison, Aude. "Le récepteur à domaine discoïdine de type 1 : un acteur majeur des pathologies rénales chroniques et aiguës." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066144/document.
Full textRenal diseases lead to severe long-term complications of kidney function and only few preventive and therapeutic options exist. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a non-integrin collagen receptor expressed in several cell types within the kidney. Its abnormal expression has a deleterious role in experimental chronic kidney diseases (CKD) by promoting renal inflammation and fibrosis.The inhibition of DDR1 stopped the progression of renal disease in two models of experimental CKD and protected renal function and structure in a model of acute kidney disease, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). DDR1 expression was strongly induced in proximal epithelial tubular cells (PETCs) after I/R. Moreover, isolated PETCs from DDR1 heterozygous mice after I/R did not acquire the pro-inflammatory phenotype displayed by PETCs from WT mice. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was responsible for DDR1 pathological expression in hypoxic PETCs after I/R through the activation of CHOP transcription factor. Interestingly, biopsies of transplant patients with prolonged ischemia during transplantation had a very similar expression profile of DDR1 in proximal tubules as in experimental I/R.Finally, DDR1 overexpression in epithelial tubular cells for four weeks, in a new conditional transgenic mouse model, led to the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis.To conclude, our results suggest that the genetically-induced or the pathological overexpression of DDR1 promotes renal inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, targeting DDR1 can be a promising strategy in the treatment of renal diseases
Gautron, Anne-Sophie. "Rôle des lymphocytes iNKT dans les pathologies inflammatoires neuronales." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T035.
Full textINKT cells are a subpopulation of T cells that express a highly conserved αβTCR characterized by an invariant a chain, along with specific markers of NK cells. They recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the non classical class I molecule CD1d and secrete rapidly large amounts of various cytokines, which enables them to exert numerous effects in various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. In EAE, the prevention from the development of the disease by iNKT lymphocytes is associated with an infiltration of double negative iNKT cells in the CNS and a local expression of CDld molecule. This prevention is independent from the peripheral CD1d expression. In ALD, another neurodegenerative pathology, patients have a lower frequency of iNKT cells and a decreased expression of CD1d on the surface of B cells. Finally, we were interested in identifying the role of iNKT 17 lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes, these lymphocytes being detected in a higher frequency in NOD mice than in C57BL/6 mice
MICKALA, PATRICK. "Developpement de radioligands utilisables in vivo dans le cadre des pathologies neurodegeneratives et cardiomyopathiques : etude d'antagonistes neurokininergiques de type nk-1 et muscariniques de type m2 chez le rongeur." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2016.
Full textDuprez, Renan. "Herpèsvirus Humain 8 : épidémiologie moléculaire et analyse de la clonalité virale et cellulaire des pathologies associés." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077192.
Full textHuman Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) belongs to the subfamily y-herpesvirinae and to the genus Rhadinovirus (y2-herpesvirinae). The first part of this work concerns the characterization of a gibbon virus (HyloRV2) which belongs to the RV2 genogroup of the Rhadinovirus. Because of the coevolution of herpesviruses and their hosts, this discovery raises the suspicion of the existence of a yet undiscovered human herpesvirus in the RV; genogroup. The second part of this work concerns phylogenetic projects. We have analyzed 37 new ORFK 1 HHV-8 sequences coming mainly from Moroccan patients, but also from French Guyana and Wallis & Futuna, regions of the world for which there was very little information concerning molecular variability of HHV-8. The meta-analysis that we carried out using all the available ORFK1 sequences allowed us to contest the current classification of HHV-8 groups and sub-groups. The determination of a new classification, in parallel with the characterization of new viral strains will allow a better understanding of the evolutionary history of this virus, a; well as its dissemination modes. The last part of this work is about the clonality of HHV-8 related pathologies We have used the viral clonality of HHV-8 as a marker of cellular clonality. We analyzed the clonality of 15 PEL and 139 SK samples. We showed that these proliferations are monoclonal or oligoclonal for HHV-8. These in vitro results could led us to re-evaluate de "initiator" role of HHV-8 in PEL
Hinnouho, Guy-Marino. "Phénotype « obésité à profil cardiométabolique normal » et risque de pathologies chroniques dans les cohortes Whitehall II et GAZEL." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T060/document.
Full textObesity has become a major public health concern. It is frequently associated with several cardiometabolic abnormalities such as hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the frequency of these abnormalities varies widely among obese subjects, making this chronic condition a very heterogeneous clinical situation. As such a new concept has emerged, involving a population of patients without metabolic risk, called "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO). Intense interest surrounds the MHO phenotype with on-going efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying this phenotype and its long-term consequences. The main objective of this thesis was to study the relationship between the MHO phenotype and various chronic diseases known to be associated with obesity. Data from the Whitehall II and GAZEL cohorts were used to examine associations between this phenotype and mortality, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and depression. Compared to metabolically healthy normal weight subjects, MHO individuals have an increased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but not depression. Compared to metabolically unhealthy obese subjects, MHO individuals have a similar risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease, but a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and depression. Our results suggest that obesity with normal cardiometabolic profile is not a benign condition. A better understanding of this phenotype will enhance therapeutic decision making and possibly help to identify new therapeutic targets
Komurian-Pradel, Florence. "Variabilité génomique du virus HTLV-I (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type I) en fonction de la géographie et des pathologies associées." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T001.
Full textGjorgjieva, Monika. "Identification des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans le développement des pathologies hépatiques et rénales dans des modèles murins de glycogénose de type 1a." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1007/document.
Full textGlycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is a rare genetic disease, due to a deficiency in glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in the endogenous glucose production. Besides severe hypoglycemia, the loss of G6Pase leads to the accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver and kidneys. On the long term, most patients develop hepatic tumors and chronic kidney disease (CKD).The goal of this thesis was to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and CKD, thanks to viable and unique mouse models with specific deletion of G6Pase in the liver or kidneys, which exhibit all hallmarks of hepatic and renal pathologies, respectively.On a hepatic level, our study allowed us to highlight a « Warburg-like » metabolic reprogramming, very similar to what is observed in cancer cells, associated with a loss of cellular defenses and tumor suppressors. Furthermore, we showed that formation of hepatocellular adenoma, which transform later in carcinoma, occurs in the absence of liver fibrosis, due to the fact that pro-fibrotic pathways are not activated. In the kidneys, the study of CKD highlighted the development of renal cysts in mice with GSDI, as well as in the patients presenting an advanced stage of CKD. Finally, the last study on the activation of the oxidation of lipids, by treating the mice with fenofibrate, allowed us to suggest a deleterious role of lipid accumulation in the development of the hepatic and renal pathologies
Gjorgjieva, Monika. "Identification des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans le développement des pathologies hépatiques et rénales dans des modèles murins de glycogénose de type 1a." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1007.
Full textGlycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is a rare genetic disease, due to a deficiency in glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in the endogenous glucose production. Besides severe hypoglycemia, the loss of G6Pase leads to the accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver and kidneys. On the long term, most patients develop hepatic tumors and chronic kidney disease (CKD).The goal of this thesis was to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and CKD, thanks to viable and unique mouse models with specific deletion of G6Pase in the liver or kidneys, which exhibit all hallmarks of hepatic and renal pathologies, respectively.On a hepatic level, our study allowed us to highlight a « Warburg-like » metabolic reprogramming, very similar to what is observed in cancer cells, associated with a loss of cellular defenses and tumor suppressors. Furthermore, we showed that formation of hepatocellular adenoma, which transform later in carcinoma, occurs in the absence of liver fibrosis, due to the fact that pro-fibrotic pathways are not activated. In the kidneys, the study of CKD highlighted the development of renal cysts in mice with GSDI, as well as in the patients presenting an advanced stage of CKD. Finally, the last study on the activation of the oxidation of lipids, by treating the mice with fenofibrate, allowed us to suggest a deleterious role of lipid accumulation in the development of the hepatic and renal pathologies
Ennequin, Gaël. "Rôle de la neuréguline 1 dans les adaptations du métabolisme énergétique en condition de pathologies métaboliques : effets de l'activité physique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20028.
Full textNeuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a cytokine that belongs to the epidermal growth factors family. NRG1can be released during exercise and can be define as a myokine. Initially studied for its rolein growth and maturation, NRG1 can also regulate glucose homeostasis in vitro. Thus, theaim of this work was to investigate the effect of training and metabolic disorders on NRG1pathway and its role in energy metabolism. Results showed that NRG1 pathway was notaltered in skeletal muscle of obese rats. Conversely, endurance training combined with awell-balanced diet improved NRG1 pathway activation in skeletal muscle of obese. Indeed, 8weeks of training and diet increased the cleavage of NRG1 and the activation of its receptorErbB4 through the activation of the metalloprotease ADAM17. Moreover, acute and chronictreatment improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice (db/db). Acute treatment loweredglycemia by activating ErbB3, Akt and FOXO1 in the livre. Thus, NRG1 might play a key role inthe regulation of glucose homeostasis in people who suffers from metabolic disorders.Training might a good tool to activate this pathway in skeletal muscle
Marcorelles, Pascale. "Expressions phénotypiques au cours du développement humain de deux pathologies : la mucoviscidose et les anomalies de migration neuronale." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2302.
Full textThe morphological analysis and the expression of several proteins have been performed in two different genetic disorders, the former without malformation the later with malformation. The pattern of expression of the CFTR protein has been analysed in the respiratory tract and in the male genital excretory tract. The CFTR expression appeared with a 3- week delay in the respiratory tract; had a different pattern of spatial expression according to the tissue differentiation. In the genital tract, the expression of die protein remained diffuse without any gradient of intensity conversely to the adult pattern. The early and diffuse localisation of the CFTR protein raises the question of its role during development. Neuronal migration anomalies form a large group in which type 1 lissencephaly group of disorders belongs. We studied the calcium binding proteins to analyse the GABAergic interneurons in three agyric/pachygyric syndromes dues to defects in the LISJ, DCX, ARX genes. GABAergic neurons migration was disturbed in a particular pattern in each case. These data argue for impairment in both the radial telencephalic migration and the tangential telencephalic migration in these different disorders
Tartas, Cécile Viard Jean-Paul. "Pathologies liées à HHV-8 chez le patient infecté par le VIH à propos d'un cas exemplaire /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0236145.pdf.
Full textBloquel, Carole. "Thérapie génique non virale de variants du gène du récepteur soluble de type I du TNF-alpha humain. Application à différents modèles de pathologies inflammatoires." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001807.
Full textCarrillo-Rosas, Samantha. "Etude du rôle de l'Ataxine-7 dans le développement de l'œil et son impact dans la compréhension des pathologies de l'œil et de l'ataxie spinocérébelleuse de type 7." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ126.
Full textSpinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a toxic polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in Ataxin-7 which leads to degeneration of cone and rod photoreceptors. The selective nature of degeneration remains unclear since Ataxin-7 is ubiquitously expressed. Here, we have explored the function of the Ataxin-7 ortholog in zebrafish during eye development. Inactivation of atxn7 in zebrafish primarily resulted in a coloboma defect, a structural malformation of the eye caused by failure of the choroid fissure to close. atxn7 morphants displayed altered proximo-distal patterning of the optic vesicle, caused by elevated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Careful examination of the photoreceptors reveals a defect in the morphogenesis of the outer segments. The eye sensitivity to variations in atxn7 function could account for SCA7 physiopathology. Our study also suggests that atxn7 loss of function may contribute to the development of human coloboma
Montassar, Fadoua. "Peptides vipérins à activité anti-intégrines : intérêt dans le traitement des pathologies ischémiques de la rétine et les DMLA." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066381.
Full textIschemic retinopathies and the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are characterized by devastating angiogenesis responsible for the majority of irreversible blindness. Current therapies include use of anti-VEGF agents to reduce choroidal neovascularization and edema. These treatments are effective in most cases, but spontaneous or acquired resistance to anti-VEGF highlight a need for additional alternative therapies. In recent years, pharmacological inhibition of αvβ3 and αvβ5, which regulate endothelial cell proliferation and stabilization, have emerged as new therapeutic tools for the treatment of these diseases. Lebecetin (LCT), a 30-kDa heterodimeric C-type lectin that is isolated from Macrovipera lebetina venom, interacts with α5β1 and αv-containing integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5). We previously showed that LCT has an anti-angiogenic effect in vitro on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and in vivo in a chick chorioallontoic membrane assay (CAM). To evaluate the inhibitory effect of LCT on ocular angiogenesis, we cultured aortic and choroidal explants in the presence of LCT and analyzed the effect of LCT on choroidal neovascularization in the mouse CNV model and on retinal neovascularization in the oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Our data demonstrated that a single injection of LCT efficiently reduced choroidal and retinal neovascularization in these models with no significant effect on mature blood vessels predicting a good safety profile
Rialle, Vincent. "Technologie et Alzheimer : appréciation de la faisabilité de la mise en place de technologies innovantes pour assister les aidants familiaux et pallier les pathologies de type Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201143.
Full textRialle, Vincent Hervé Christian. "Technologie et Alzheimer appréciation de la faisabilité de la mise en place de technologies innovantes pour assister les aidants familiaux et pallier les pathologies de type Alzheimer /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201143/fr.
Full textDina, Christian. "Analyse d'association génome entier de 3 pathologies : le diabète de type 2, le syndrome de Brugada et le prolapsus valvulaire mitral : observations sur l'architecture génétique de traits complexes." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d029660f-aac0-4e98-ad6a-35894eef4403.
Full textThe escalating prevalence of cardio-vascular and metabolic disorders, and the limitations of currently available preventive and therapeutic options are increasingly important factors reducing the quality and life expectancy resulting in a dramatic increase in public spending in the health field. This emergency highlights the need for a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases as well as the need for bio-markers to increase their predictability is a priority. The genetic approach, in this context, is among the most promising strategies. This approach has many variants. One of the most popular in the last decade is the approach of genome-wide association studies. The strategy is based on the assumption of an important role played by common genetic variants for common diseases. This paradigm has been called the assumption of "common variant, common disease". As part of my thesis, I explored the effect of common variants in three diseases, Diabetes Type 2, Mitral Valvular Prolapse, both being common pathologies and the Brugada syndrome, which is rare in the population. These three diseases strongly contribute to the explosion of population health needs, either by the severity of complications for Type 2 Diabetes, through the need of major surgery for Mitral Valvular Prolapse and through the increased risk of Sudden Death for Brugada Syndrome. I applied various techniques such as genetic imputation, meta-analysis and correction of stratification to help highlight their genetic bases. In Type 2 diabetes, highlighting of the genetic architecture was already well advanced and I participated in the deepening of knowledge. This work helped identify up to 40 genes. We have also shown that there is a substantial polygenic component underlying the genetic architecture of this disease and that most of the identified genes point to a dysfunction of beta cells. Studies on Mitral Valvular Prolapse are less advanced. I selected genetic variants showing a possible association and these variants are being replicated. Preliminary results on the Framingham study showed the possible involvement of genes of the extracellular matrix. Finally, for Brugada Syndrome, I clearly identified three loci that show a highly significant association with the disease. These loci were replicated as well in a European population in Japanese population. If the involvement of genes coding for ion channel proteins (SCN5A and SCN10A) seems to be confirmed, strengthening the definition of Brugada Syndrome as a channelopathy, another pathway possibly related to cardiac development was also identified (through the gene HEY2). Finally, during my PhD, I also contributed to create the concept of common variant for rare disease (CV/CR)
Abily-Donval, Lénaïg. "Exploration des mécanismes physiopathologiques des mucopolysacharidoses et de la maladie de Fabry par approches "omiques" et modulation de l'autophagie. Urinary metabolic phenotyping of mucopolysaccharidosis type I combining untargeted and targeted strategies with data modeling Unveiling metabolic remodeling in mucopolysaccharidosis type III through integrative metabolomics and pathway analysis." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR108.
Full textLysosomal diseases caused by quantitative or qualitative hydrolase or transporter defect induce multiorgan features. Some specific symptomatic treatments are available but they do not cure patients. Pathophysiological bases of lysosomal disease are poorly understood and cannot be due to storage only. A better knowledge of these pathologies could improve their management. The first aim of this study was to apply “omics” strategies in mucopolysaccharidosis and in Fabry disease. This thesis allowed the implementation of an untargeted metabolomic methodology based on a multidimensional analytical strategy including high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility. Analysis of metabolic pathways showed a major remodeling of the amino acid metabolisms as well as oxidative stress via glutathione metabolism. In Fabry disease, changes were observed in expression of interleukin 7 and FGF2. The second study focused on modulation of autophagy in Fabry disease. In this work, we have shown a disruption of the autophagic process and a delay in enzyme targeting to the lysosome in Fabry disease. Autophagic inhibition reduced accumulation of accumulated substrate (Gb3) and improved the efficiency of enzyme replacement therapy. This work allowed a better knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms implicated in lysosomal diseases and showed the complexity of lysosome. These data could ameliorate management of these disease and are associated with hope for patients
El-Hayek, Elissar. "Analyse à large échelle du profil d'expression des gènes dans des chondrocytes articulaires soumis à un stress mécanique de type étirement : la relaxine une nouvelle cible d'intérêt dans les pathologies ostéoarticulaires ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T077.
Full textThe articular cartilage is a specialized conjunctive tissue covering bone surfaces. It ensures, together with other tissues like the synovial membrane, the right functioning of the articulations. The cartilage is formed of one cellular type, the chondrocyte, which is responsible for the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix required for its mechanical properties. The joints, under physiological and pathological conditions, are subjected to two main types of stress that affect cartilage homeostasis: mechanical stress and inflammatory stress. The first objective of my PhD thesisis is to study the effect of stretching, one type of mechanical stress, on the gene expression profile in rabbit articular chondrocytes in culture using a large scale approach (micro‐arrays). 36 and 57 transcripts of the rabbit genome which are up‐regulated and down‐regulated by equibiaxial cyclic tensile stretching (5%, 1Hz, 20h) respectively were identified. Some of these genes are known for their implication in inflammation, cell death and matrix degradation. Among them, the relaxin (RLN) gene is the most induced by stretching. RLN is a peptide hormone that belongs to the insulin/relaxin superfamily. It is known for its implication in reproduction and pregnancy. However, the role of RLN in cartilage is still to be studied. The second objective of my PhD thesis is, consequently, to characterize the function of RLN in cartilage. My qRT‐PCR results show, for the first time, that the RLN transcript levels increase upon mechanical and inflammatory (interleukin ‐1treatment) stress in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Moreover, RLN transcript levels decrease during cell dedifferentiation. In a model of gonarthrosis induced in mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus, I showed by immunofluorescence that RLN is mainly present in the superficial layers of the knee cartilage and that its expression decreases in osteoarthritic cartilage as compared to normal cartilage. Furthermore, treatment of rabbit chondrocytes with RLN increases the activity of the metalloproteinase MMP‐9 involved in cartilage degradation. In conclusion, this study shows that RLN is sensitive to mechanical and inflammatory stress and to chondrocyte dedifferentiation. It also suggests that this hormone could modulate cartilage homeostasis. Therefore, RLN is a potential target in osteoarticular pathologies
Testa, Giovanna. "Understanding Pain Construction from Nociception through a Novel Mutation in Nerve Growth Factor." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85951.
Full textPesch, Jannis [Verfasser]. "Prophylaktische und therapeutische Wirkung der Angiotensin-II-Rezeptor-Typ-1-Antagonisten auf Pathologien der Mitralklappe bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit Marfan-Syndrom : Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists on mitral valve pathologies in pediatric patients with Marfan syndrome / Jannis Pesch." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222163322/34.
Full textPILLAI, Vinoshene. "Intravital two photon clcium imaging of glioblastoma mouse models." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/109211.
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