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Journal articles on the topic 'Pathogenic bacteria'
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Gvozdyak, R. I. "«Pathogen-1» Experiment Aggression of pathogenic bacteria in microgravity." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 6, no. 4 (July 30, 2000): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2000.04.119.
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Gaminda, K. A. P. "DEOXYRIBOZYMES IN DETECTION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 5 (October 2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.05.005.
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Aim. The purpose of the review was to analyze the use of DNAzyme biosensors for the detection of pathogens. In the recent years, deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) have a significant impact as biosensors in diverse fields, from detection of metal ions in the environment to theranostic applications and detection of microorganisms. Although routinely used sophisticated instrumental methods are available to detect pathogenic bacterial contamination, they involve time-consuming, complicated sample pre-treatment and expensive instruments. As an alternative, pathogen-specific DNAzymes have demonstrated a series of advantages: a non-destructive rapid analysis technique with in situ and real-time detection of bacteria with high sensitivity and selectivity. A wide range of pathogen-specific DNAzymes has been developed using colorimetric and fluorescence-based detections for pathogenic bacterial contamination in various samples. The current review summarizes the in vitro selection of pathogen-specific DNAzymes, various strategies utilized in the sensor designs, and their potential use in theranostic applications.
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Harborne, Jeffrey B. "Plant pathogenic bacteria." Phytochemistry 27, no. 5 (January 1988): 1569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80251-6.
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Sabra, Sherifa. "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm Bacteria Using Highland-wild Salvia officinalis Preserve Bacterial-infection-control." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/021.
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This work for this title "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm (VPB) Bacteria Using Highland-wild (HLW) Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) Preserve Bacterial-infection-control (BIC)"; the aim was to prove the importance of HLW S. officinalis extracts have therapeutic herbal importance. Through its effected on the isolated VPB bacteria caused infection diseases that may preserve BIC for individuals, which proved the effectiveness of the HLW S. officinalis daily use or therapeutic use. S. officinalis specimens were collected during the flowering period from HLW, Taif, KSA. Essential oils (EOs) were equipped and biofilms preparation, then laboratory methods deputy for anti-biofilms formation activity and biofilms elimination activity, finally biofilms metabolic grades measurement. The bacterial metabolic grades of anti-biofilms formation activity showed the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated VPB bacteria and effects were greater. Anywhere Staphylococcous aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) were eliminated until 60 hours. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was eliminated at 72 hours. The bacterial metabolic grades of biofilms elimination activity found the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated within 8 hours (S. aureus and S. pyogenes), PA was to 10 hours. Concluded the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts had proven its ability to eliminate VPB bacteria, and from that, it proven on the type used with healthy characteristics to maintain health and BIC. Recommendation: That topic recommend using the appropriate HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts for individuals daily to maintain the general health. In cases of illness, person must ask the "Specialized Physician" to determine the healthy and curative amount to use.
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Al-Terehi, Mona, Saadi Shershab, Hadeel Alaa Al-Rrubaei, and Ali H. Al-Saadi. "Some Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, Isolation and Diagnosis." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.12.3.54.
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Khan, Fazlurrahman, Sandra Folarin Oloketuyi, and Young-Mog Kim. "Diversity of Bacteria and Bacterial Products as Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Drugs Against Pathogenic Bacteria." Current Drug Targets 20, no. 11 (August 22, 2019): 1156–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190423161249.
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The increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit biofilm formation as well as interfere quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems. The QS system is a phenomenon in which pathogenic bacteria produce signaling molecules that are involved in cell to cell communication, production of virulence factors, biofilm maturation, and several other functions. In the natural environment, several non-pathogenic bacteria are present as mixed population along with pathogenic bacteria and they control the behavior of microbial community by producing secondary metabolites. Similarly, non-pathogenic bacteria also take advantages of the QS signaling molecule as a sole carbon source for their growth through catabolism with enzymes. Several enzymes are produced by bacteria which disrupt the biofilm architecture by degrading the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharide, extracellular- DNA and protein. Thus, the interference of QS system by bacterial metabolic products and enzymatic catalysis, modification of the QS signaling molecules as well as enzymatic disruption of biofilm architecture have been considered as the alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article elaborates on the diversity of different bacterial species with respect to their metabolic products as well as enzymes and their molecular modes of action. The bacterial enzymes and metabolic products will open new and promising perspectives for the development of strategies against the pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Erlinawati, Erlinawati, and Safridha Kemala Putri. "Identifikasi bakteri patogen pada jajanan telur gulung yang dijual di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh." Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan 4, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v4i1.1061.
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Background: Pathogenic bacteria can be a significant cause of food poisoning. Bacterial growth in food can also cause undesirable physical or chemical changes, making the food unfit for consumption. Egg roll is a snack easily found in Banda Aceh City, which children and adults generally consume. Snacks that contain high bacteria are very dangerous for health.Objectives: This study aims to determine the types of pathogenic bacteria in egg rolls sold in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh City, 2020. Five samples were taken for bacterial examination at the Microbiology Laboratory, Medical Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh. Bacterial identification on egg rolls was observed for four days. Data analysis was only done descriptively.Results: The study identifying pathogenic bacteria on egg rolls showed that the egg roll samples were contaminated with several harmful bacteria. The bacterial colonies varied from the lowest distribution of 453,333 to the highest of 1,150,000. The bacteria were Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp.Conclusion: Egg rolls sold on the roadside have been contaminated with bacteria. The bacteria identified were Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp. Suggestions and efforts are needed from the authorities to conduct health promotion and training for egg roll sellers to maintain hygiene and sanitation of both tools and places of sale.
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Rezaeianaran, Farzad, and Martin A. M. Gijs. "Difference in Intestine Content of Caenorhabditis elegans When Fed on Non-Pathogenic or Pathogenic Bacteria." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (July 7, 2023): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071386.
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We investigated the bacterial food digestion and accumulation in wild-type adult Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms that have fed on either non-pathogenic RFP-expressing Escherichia coli (E. coli) OP50 or pathogenic-RFP-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) PAO1 during the first 4 days of adulthood. Once the worms had completed their planned feeding cycles, they were loaded on microfluidic chips, where they were fixed to allow high-resolution z-stack fluorescence imaging of their intestines utilizing a Spinning Disk Confocal Microscope (SDCM) equipped with a high-resolution oil-immersion objective (60×). IMARIS software was used to visualize and analyze the obtained images, resulting in the production of three-dimensional constructs of the intestinal bacterial load. We discovered two distinct patterns for the bacteria-derived fluorescence signal in the intestine: (i) individual fluorescent spots, originating from intact bacteria, were present in the fluorescent E. coli-OP50-fed worms, and (ii) individual fluorescent spots (originating from intact bacteria) were dispersed in large regions of diffuse fluorescence (RDF), originating from disrupted bacteria, in fluorescent P. aeruginosa-PAO1-fed worms. We performed a semi-automated single-worm-resolution quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial load, which showed that the intestinal bacterial load generally increases with age of the worms, but more rapidly for the fluorescent P. aeruginosa-PAO1-fed worms.
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Asbury, Rachel, Erica Dipede, and Bradley Saville. "Prebiotic Mannan-Oligosaccharides and Their Role in the Gut Microbiota." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac072.002.
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Abstract Objectives Pathogenic bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract compromise the health and function of the gut microbiome, and the rising incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has resulted in initiatives seeking alternative treatments. Some prebiotic fibers, such as mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), may be a promising alternative. In addition to selectively growing commensal bacteria and creating a diverse gut microbiota, MOS have a high affinity for specific binding arms on the structure of some pathogenic bacteria and can prevent bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. The ability of MOS to bind pathogenic bacteria and selectively grow commensal bacteria is influenced by its carbohydrate structure. However, there are no published studies to our knowledge on the optimization of MOS structure for both pathogen binding and commensal bacterial growth. Therefore, the focus of this work is to (1) assess the effectiveness of MOS on in vitro agglutination of various pathogenic bacterial species and, (2) explore the impact of MOS carbohydrate structure on pathogen binding. Methods Characterization of MOS will be performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). To assess the ability of MOS to bind pathogenic bacteria, in vitro agglutination and growth inhibition assays will be performed. Prebiotic performance of MOS on commensal bacterial growth will be assessed using in vitro mixed culture analyses of both commensal and pathogenic bacterial species. Results Protocol Abstract Conclusions This research will inform further investigations of the ability of prebiotics such as MOS to support intestinal health through the selective growth of commensal bacteria and binding of pathogenic bacteria, as a nutritional supplement and as an alternative to antibiotics. Funding Sources Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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Linggarjati, Shiwi, Dita Diana Parti, and Elly Nurus Sakinah. "Antibiotic sensitivity on pathogenic bacteria causing bacterial vaginosis." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 29, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v29i12021.18-22.
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Objectives: To identify the sensitivity of antibiotics to pathogenic bacteria that cause Bacterial Vaginosis (BV).Materials and Methods: This type of research was an observational study with a sample of six specimens. The data were taken using primary data from patients who were swabbed in the vagina and then diagnosed BV with amsel criteria on vaginal secretion specimens carried out at Tanggul health center on January 23-February 23, 2020. The specimens were sent to Parahita Clinical Laboratory for bacterial identification and adjusted for sensitivity with CLSI using vitek 2 compact tool.Results: The results of this study identified the bacteria that caused bacterial vaginosis, the E. coli and K. pneumoniae with one sample of suspected ESBL. ESBL is a beta lactamase enzyme produced by bacteria and can induce bacterial resistance to penicillin, cephalosporin generation 1, 2, and 3. The types of bacteria found were E. coli and K. pneumoniae with high sensitivity antibiotics tested including piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, ertapenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin. Antibiotics with high levels of resistance tested against these bacteria included: ampicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin/sulbactam due to the mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in the production of beta lactamase from bacteria.Conclusion: The type of bacteria found was E. coli and K. pneumoniae with high resistance levels in beta lactam antibiotics.
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FAN, Xiaojing, Tahira SALEEM, and Huasong ZOU. "Copper resistance mechanisms in plant pathogenic bacteria." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 61, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-13282.
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Copper is an essential element for microbes as it is involved in many redox reactions. Numerous resistance systems have been evolved in microbes to maintain copper homeostasis under copper stress conditions. These systems are responsible for the influx and efflux of copper ions in the cells. In phytopathogenic bacteria, copper ions play essential roles during disease development in plants. Copper-based chemicals are extensively used for control of diseases caused by bacteria, which leads to induced pathogen resistance derived from various copper resistance systems. Previous studies have shown that copper ions are harnessed by host plants to protect against bacterial infections, triggering immune responses through activation of defence signalling pathways. Thus, it was anticipated that bacterial copper resistance could play an alternative role in adaptation to plant immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge of copper resistance systems in plant pathogenic bacteria, which may provide a new perspective of molecular mechanisms associated with bacterial adaptation in host plants.
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Adiputra, Yudha Trinoegraha, Triyanto Triyanto, and Namastra Probosunu. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PATOGEN PADA KUDA LAUT (Hippocampus kuda) DI BALAI BUDIDAYA LAUT, LAMPUNG." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 7, no. 1 (February 3, 2005): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.9064.
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Sea horse (Hippocampus kuda) is one of the ornamental marine organisms and raw material of traditional medicine. Since 1993, Seafarming Development Centre, Lampung has pioneered a research and culture of sea horse in Indonesia. The serious problem in the culture of sea horse is pathogenic bacteria caused death of juveniles and broodstocks. The objective of this study was to identify pathogenic bacteria isolated from sea horse in Seafarming Development Centre. Koch Postulate test was carried out, and then the pathogenic bacteria were identifed by morphological and biochemical tests. Results showed that from a total of 6 bacterial strains isolated from diseased sea horse, 3 strains were pathogenic bacteria to sea horse. These 3 pathogenic bacteria caused identical disease signs with the initial disease signs when the bacteria were isolated. Morphological and biochemical tests suggested that the pathogenic bacteria could be identified to be Vibrio fluvialis, V. alginolyticus and V. hollisae.
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FN, Niyonzima. "Activity of Kalanchoe integra against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000197.
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Kalanchoe integra is a plant that belongs to the Crassulaceae family. In English, the international common name is never die. There are 1500 species of perennial herbs or low shrubs in the genus. Antibiotic resistance is currently at an alarmingly high level. Phytocompounds of Kalanchoe sp . were reported as antimicrobial agents. In Rwanda, no study about antimicrobial activity of K. integra extracts against bacteria-causing diseases was conducted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of K. integra phytochemicals against clinically selected pathogenic bacteria ( Shigella sonnei, Haemophilus influenza, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae ). Maceration technique was used to prepare the leaf and stem extracts using methanol, water and petroleum ether. Phytochemical screening tests revealed that flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins were present in the leaves and stem extracts by using methanol and water. However, tannins were only present in the leaves. No phytochemicals observed by the using petroleum ether. The antimicrobial activity of clinically selected pathogenic bacteria ( S. aureus, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, S. typhi, and E. coli ) was tested using the agar well diffusion procedure. In order to analyse the data, SPSS was used. The means of inhibition zones of leaf and stem extracts were studied using a two-way ANOVA and both of them showed statistical significant with p-values of 0.03 and 0.04, respectively. Antibacteria activity results showed that S. typhi was more sensitive than other tested bacteria. The largest zone of inhibition (20.5 mm) was observed with methanol leaf extract against S. typhi , and the smallest inhibition was observed with H. influenza (12.5 mm). Leaf and stem extracts using methanol solvent showed activity on all bacteria used in the study except on S. sonnei . Leaf and stem water extracts significantly inhibit the growth of E. coli with inhibition zone of 14.5 mm and 11.5 mm, respectively, while petroleum ether had no effect on any bacterium. Thus, the present medicinal plant could serve as antibiotics as it showed an important activity against studied bacteria. The study has to continue with other plant parts and other bacteria-causing diseases to make the process cost-effective.
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Phillips, Shelby M. B., Carson Bergstrom, Brian Walker, George Wang, Trinidad Alfaro, Zachary R. Stromberg, and Becky M. Hess. "Engineered Cell Line Imaging Assay Differentiates Pathogenic from Non-Pathogenic Bacteria." Pathogens 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020209.
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Cell culture systems have greatly expanded our understanding of how bacterial pathogens target signaling pathways to manipulate the host and cause infection. Advances in genetic engineering have allowed for the creation of fluorescent protein readouts within signaling pathways, but these techniques have been underutilized in pathogen biology. Here, we genetically engineered a lung cell line with fluorescent reporters for extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and the downstream transcription factor FOS-related antigen 1 (Fra1) and evaluated signaling after inoculation with pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Cells were inoculated with 100 colony-forming units of Acinetobacter baylyi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Staphylococcus epidermidis and imaged in a multi-mode reader. The alamarBlue cell viability assay was used as a reference test and showed that pathogenic P. aeruginosa induced significant (p < 0.05) cell death after 8 h in both wild-type and engineered cell lines compared to non-pathogenic S. epidermidis. In engineered cells, we found that Fra1 signaling was disrupted in as little as 4 h after inoculation with bacterial pathogens compared to delayed disruption in signaling by non-pathogenic S. epidermidis. Overall, we demonstrate that low levels of pathogenic versus non-pathogenic bacteria can be rapidly and sensitively screened based on ERK-Fra1 signaling.
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Pringgenies, Delianis, and Wilis Ari Setyati. "Metabolites of Mangrove Sediment Bacteria from Semarang and Karimunjawa as Anti-Fungal and Antibacterial." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 5 (March 9, 2023): 6474. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6474.
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Pathogenic bacteria are microorganisms that cause disease in humans because bacteria grow cosmopolitan with human life, both on land and underwater. This research aimed to obtain mangrove sediment bacteria that have the potential as antibacterial and antifungal bacteria from mangrove sediments in Semarang and Karimunjawa waters. Mangrove sediment bacteria that have the potential as antibacterial and antifungal bacteria from Semarang and Karimunjawa waters, as well as identification of their compounds using the GCMS method. Sediment samples were collected from Semarang and Karimunjawa, and bacterial screening and isolation were then carried out. Bacterial isolates were tested with pathogenic fungi Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans. As well as the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus typhi. Then, the potential bacteria were identified by the molecular DNA method and analyzed by the GC-MS method to determine the secondary metabolite compounds that act as antifungal and antibacterial. The results showed that the bacterial isolation of mangrove sediments from Karimunjawa and Semarang that had antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi were 3 isolates, namely SKK 1 MA, SKS 2 ISP, and SKS 4 ISP. The 3 isolates also had antifungal activity against the fungal pathogens Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans. The molecular identification showed that the 3 potential isolates, namely SKK 1 MA, SKS 2 ISP, and SKS 4 ISP, were Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus, and Alcaligenes faecalis, respectively. Results of the analysis of the content of bacteria as antifungal and antibacterial showed that the bacteria were dominated by the content of unsaturated fatty acids (omega 9) and saturated fatty acids. HIGHLIGHTS Pathogenic fungal infections are difficult to treat besides infections caused by pathogenic bacteria Natural substances produced by microorganisms are very diverse in structure and are an essential source in the search for new drugs for various diseases in humans, including infections by pathogenic fungi and pathogenic bacteria The mangrove sediment bacteria were found to have potential as antifungal and antibacterial and were proven to contain fatty acids Bacteria found to be useful as antifungal and antibacterial agents for various bio-industrial activities GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Gupta, Garima, Abhijit Das, Prameela Jha, and Prabhat N. Jha. "Endophytic Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM389 Subsists Host’s (Triticum aestivum) Immune Response for Gaining Entry Inside the Host." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 2486–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.76.
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The present study was designed to compare the defense response of the host plant towards endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM389 and pathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora and to correlate the level of defense enzymes vis-a-vis bacterial colonization in the host. Wheat seedlings were treated with 107-108 cells ml-1 endophytic and pathogenic bacteria in the separate experimental set-up, and the level of plant defense enzyme was measured at various time intervals. Comparatively reduced level of most defense enzymes was produced in endophytic bacteria treated plants. While the endophytic bacterial population was almost constant after 24 HAI (hour after inoculation), the population of pathogenic bacteria kept fluctuating during the study period from 24 HAI. Unlike pathogenic bacteria, we observed attenuated defense response in challenged host plants towards endophytic bacteria, which helps endophytes establish inside plant. This study would be useful for understanding the mechanism of colonization and strategies of endophytes to fight against the host defense response.
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Bucci, Cecilia, Alfredo Lavitola, Paola Salvatore, Luigi Del Giudice, Domenica Rita Massardo, Carmelo B. Bruni, and Pietro Alifano. "Hypermutation in Pathogenic Bacteria." Molecular Cell 3, no. 4 (April 1999): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80471-2.
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Rogers, Kim R. "Pathogenic bacteria fight back." Trends in Biotechnology 19, no. 10 (October 2001): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01818-2.
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GOLDMAN, ERIK. "Probiotic Displaces Pathogenic Bacteria." Skin & Allergy News 37, no. 7 (July 2006): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(06)71394-8.
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Montero Castillo, Piedad M., Antonio Díaz Caballero, and Marlene Durán Lengua. "Antagonistic action of Lactobacillus spp. against Staphylococcus aureus in cheese from Mompox - Colombia." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 68, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 7721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50991.
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In the food industry, food preservation techniques that do not use chemical products are becoming more common. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the antagonistic activity (antibiosis) of lactic-acid bacterial strains against pathogenic microorganisms. Lactic-acid bacterial strains were isolated from layered cheese and a commercial product (yogurt); and the same was done with pathogenic bacteria solely from layered cheese. The lactic-acid bacterial strains were identified as species from the Lactobacilli family, while the pathogenic bacteria from layered cheese were identified as Micrococcaceae family species (Staphylococcus aureus). Subsequently, in the same culture medium, bacteria of each species were sowed in order to determine the inhibitory activity ability of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL) As a result, the highly antagonistic activity of the Lactobacilli (inhibition halos were larger than 0.5 centimeters in diameter) against isolated pathogenic microorganisms was demonstrated.
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Khabthani, Sami, Jean-Marc Rolain, and Vicky Merhej. "Whole Genome Analysis of 335 New Bacterial Species from Human Microbiota Reveals a Huge Reservoir of Transferable Antibiotic Resistance Determinants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042137.
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Background: The emergence and diffusion of strains of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics constitutes a real public health challenge. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be carried by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, including commensal bacteria from the human microbiota, which require special monitoring in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Methods: We analyzed the proteomes of 335 new bacterial species from human microbiota to estimate its whole range of ARGs using the BLAST program against ARGs reference databases. Results: We found 278 bacteria that harbor a total of 883 potential ARGs with the following distribution: 264 macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin, 195 aminoglycosides, 156 tetracyclines, 58 β-lactamases, 58 fosfomycin, 51 glycopeptides, 36 nitroimidazoles, 33 phenicols and 32 rifamycin. Furthermore, evolutionary analyses revealed the potential horizontal transfer with pathogenic bacteria involving mobile genetic elements such as transposase and plasmid. We identified many ARGs that may represent new variants in fosfomycin and β-lactams resistance. Conclusion: These findings show that new bacterial species from human microbiota should be considered as an important reservoir of ARGs that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. In vitro analyses of their phenotypic potential are required to improve our understanding of the functional role of this bacterial community in the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Delmi Bouras, Meriem Toualbia, Abd ElKader, and Malika Koiche, Mohamed Kerkoud. "Isolation, identification and characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum from camel milk and its antagonist effect against diarrheal bacteria." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 30, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2018.v30.i4.1663.
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The main objective of this study is to define probiotic bacteria efficiency against bacterial infantile diarrhea. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was used as a natural resource and extracted of camel milk from southern Algeria. The isolation was followed by molecular identification using the 16S rDNA sequencing method. One hundred and fifty fecal samples were collected over 18 months from children suffering from diarrhea and aged 2 years or under. Identification results reveal the isolated lactic bacteria as Lactobacillus plantarum. In the other side, a total of 120 fecal samples were positive for bacterial growth, these pathogenic bacteria were identified as: Escherichia fergusonii (92%), Salmonella enterica subsp. Diarizonae (7.33%) and Proteus mirabilis (0.66%). The inhibitory effect study of lactic acid bacteria on pathogenic bacteria shows varying effects of L. plantarum in relation to the various pathogenic isolates, mentioning that the most important effect was expressed against Escherichia fergusonii with 22 mm. All the results allow us to classify that camel's milk is a natural source rich in lactic acid bacteria, in particular L. plantarum, with an inhibitory ability against the pathogenic bacteria responsible for diarrhea. Therefore L. plantarum produces bioactive molecules responsible for this effect.
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Kůdela, V. "Potential impact of climate change on geographic distribution of plant pathogenic bacteria in Central Europe." Plant Protection Science 45, Special Issue (January 3, 2010): S27—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2832-pps.
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This review provides an overview of variety of bacterial plant pathogens which can serve as an example of how plant pathogenic bacteria can adapt very specifically to anticipated climate change in Central Europe. In the centre of attention are the themes such as: emerging of heat-loving bacteria; changes in the spectrum of pectolytic bacteria; an decrease of the frequency of occurrence of cold tolerant pseudomonads and an increase of more thermophilic xanthomonads; increased risk of xylem-limited bacteria which overwinter in insect vectors; reduced risk of damage of stone fruit trees by ice nucleation active pseudomonads and subsequent winter freeze temperatures. Of plant pathogenic prokaryotes, mollicutes and phloem-limited bacteria are not discussed in this review.
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Ghazaei, Ciamak. "Advances in the Study of Bacterial Toxins, Their Roles and Mechanisms in Pathogenesis." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 29, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.1.2.
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Pathogenic bacteria use various mechanisms to cause infections in the host. Bacterial pathogens express a wide range of molecules. Bacterial toxins have a poisonous substance created and secreted at the extracellular or intracellular level, making these bacteria pathogenic. Two common types of toxins, including exotoxins and endotoxins, have numerous modes of action. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules act on their bacterial cells during stressed conditions and help their remaining population survive. Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are genetic, modulating the eukaryotic cell cycle and targeting the immune system of the host. This review discusses toxins and recent discoveries about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the TA system and CDTs in pathogenic bacteria.
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Rahmawati, Diana, Mutiara Puspa Putri I, Miftachul Ulum, and Koko Joni. "Identification and Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria Using the K-Nearest Neighbor Method." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v5i1.1221.
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Bacteria are a group of living things or organisms that do not have a core covering. In the grouping, some bacteria are pathogenic. With a microscopic size, many pathogenic bacteria are found around and spread through the food eaten or by touching objects around them, then cause diseases such as diarrhea, vomiting, and others. As a more effective effort to help the government and society prevent disease caused by pathogenic bacteria, a system for the identification and classification of pathogenic bacteria K-Nearest Neighbor was created. This system uses a biological microscope that is attached to a webcam camera above the ocular lens as a tool to see bacterial objects and assist in bacterial capture. Rough player rotates automatically (auto-focus) in image capture. In the process of classification and identifying bacteria, the K-Nearest Neighbor method is used, which is a method with the calculation of the nearest neighbor or calculation based on the level of similarity to the dataset. In this study, the bacteria vibrio chlorae, staphylococcus aereus, and streptococcus m. with the highest accuracy is the K = 9 value of 97.77% using the Chebyshev method.
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Jaklič, Domen, Aleš Lapanje, Klemen Zupančič, Dragica Smrke, and Nina Gunde-Cimerman. "Selective antimicrobial activity of maggots against pathogenic bacteria." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47515-0.
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Maggot therapy, also known as biosurgery, is an ancient method for the healing of chronic infected wounds. Although clinicians have reported on the beneficial activities of the Lucilia sericata larvae that have been used for healing chronic wounds, the selectivity of this therapy against the different pathogenic micro-organisms that are found in chronic wounds has never been analysed. In the present study, we have investigated the in vitro activities of larval excreta/secreta both against selected bacterial strains that frequently occur in chronically infected wounds, and against bacteria isolated directly from the larvae and their excreta/secreta. Additionally, the antibacterial activities were investigated in in vivo studies, by comparing bacterial diversity in wounds before and after the application of L. sericata larvae. In conclusion, larval therapy is highly recommended, particularly for the treatment of wounds infected with Gram-positive bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus, but less so for wounds infected with Gram-negative bacteria, especially Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. strains. Bacteria from the genus Vagococcus were resistant to the maggot excreta/secreta.
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Yaghoubi, Atieh, Majid Khazaei, Seyed Mahdi Hasanian, Amir Avan, William C. Cho, and Saman Soleimanpour. "Bacteriotherapy in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235880.
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Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women around the world. Conventional treatments in the fight against breast cancer, such as chemotherapy, are being challenged regarding their effectiveness. Thus, strategies for the treatment of breast cancer need to be continuously refined to achieve a better patient outcome. We know that a number of bacteria are pathogenic and some are even associated with tumor development, however, recent studies have demonstrated interesting results suggesting some bacteria may have potential for cancer therapy. Therefore, the therapeutic role of bacteria has aroused attention in medical and pharmaceutical studies. Furthermore, genetic engineering has been used in bacterial therapy and may led to greater efficacy with few side effects. Some genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are more successful due to their selectivity for cancer cells but with low toxicity for normal cells. Some live, attenuated, or genetically modified bacterias are capable to multiply in tumors and inhibit their growth. This article aims to review the role of bacteria and their products including bacterial peptides, bacteriocins, and toxins for the treatment of breast cancer.
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AL-Quraan, Nisreen A., Lubna I. Abu-Rub, and Abdel-Kareem Sallal. "Evaluation of bacterial contamination and mutagenic potential of treated wastewater from Al-Samra wastewater treatment plant in Jordan." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 6 (November 4, 2020): 1124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.193.
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Abstract Jordan is one of the lowest countries in the world in terms of water resources. The reuse of treated wastewater is an important alternative to supply agricultural demands for water. In Jordan, Kherbet Al-Samra wastewater treatment plant (KSWWTP) is the largest and its effluent is mainly used for irrigation purposes. In this study, bacterial contamination and mutagenic potential were evaluated in six sites, beginning with KSWWTP and ending with King Tallal Dam. The results showed high contamination with many pathogenic bacteria and coliforms. The isolated pathogenic bacteria were Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The isolated opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were Acinetobacter lwoffii, Elizabethkingia meningosepticum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus licheniformis. These bacteria were found in all sampling sites without a specific prevalence pattern. Differences in temperature between seasons affect total coliform and other bacterial count. All water samples showed positive mutagenic activity and high bacterial pollution. Improving the disinfection efficiency in the wastewater treatment plant is important to minimize potential toxicity and exposure of public health to pathogenic bacteria, reduce water resources' contamination and environmental pollution. Increasing effluent sampling frequency from KSWWTP is required to monitor bacterial contamination and toxicity/mutagenicity level for water safety and public health risk assessments.
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Gunanti Mahasri, Yunifar Amad, Rahayu Kusdarwati,. "Potensi Antagonistik Bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum Terhadap Bakteri Patogen Aeromonas salmonicida Secara In Vitro [The Potential Antagonistic Bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum Against Bacterial Pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida By In Vitro]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 5, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v5i2.11411.
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Abstract Problems were often experienced by fish farmers is bacterial pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida which causes furunculosis disease in fish. The way to control the growth of this pathogenic bacteria was using antagonist bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum. Growth of L. plantarum may inhibit contamination of pathogenic bacterial because of its ability to produce bacteriocins, produce lactic, moreover that these bacteria can produce hydrogen peroxide which can function as an antibacterial. This research aimed to provide information on the use of bacterial antagonists L. plantarum in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria A. salmonicida on In Vitro. This research was conducted on October 2012 until January 2013 at dry laboratory in Fisheries and Marine Faculty of Airlangga University Surabaya. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. Bacteria L. plantarum with 0 concentration for control (A), 106 (B), 107 (C), 108 (D), 109 (E) tested challenge by paper disc method with 106 concentrate of pathogenic bacteria A. salmonicida in vitro. The results showed that L. plantarum with a concentration of 109 CFU/ml (E) was a treatment that produced average of obstacle on the distribution of A. salmonicida amounted to 12,375 mm. Then the treatment with a concentration of 108 CFU/ml (D) with the average of obstacle 8,95 mm. While treatment with a concentration of 107 CFU/ml (C) and 106 CFU/ml (B) was having average of obstacle 6.8 mm and 6 mm was not significantly different from the control (A) which had an average 6 mm obstacle. So it could be concluded that bacteria L. plantarum had antagonistic potential against bacterial pathogens A.salmonicida which indicated by the obstacle produced by L. plantarum on growth of pathogenic bacteria A.salmonicida.
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Sundin, George W., and Nian Wang. "Antibiotic Resistance in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria." Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045946.
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Antibiotics have been used for the management of relatively few bacterial plant diseases and are largely restricted to high-value fruit crops because of the expense involved. Antibiotic resistance in plant-pathogenic bacteria has become a problem in pathosystems where these antibiotics have been used for many years. Where the genetic basis for resistance has been examined, antibiotic resistance in plant pathogens has most often evolved through the acquisition of a resistance determinant via horizontal gene transfer. For example, the strAB streptomycin-resistance genes occur in Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae, and Xanthomonas campestris, and these genes have presumably been acquired from nonpathogenic epiphytic bacteria colocated on plant hosts under antibiotic selection. We currently lack knowledge of the effect of the microbiome of commensal organisms on the potential of plant pathogens to evolve antibiotic resistance. Such knowledge is critical to the development of robust resistance management strategies to ensure the safe and effective continued use of antibiotics in the management of critically important diseases.
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Strassmann, Joan E., and Longfei Shu. "Ancient bacteria–amoeba relationships and pathogenic animal bacteria." PLOS Biology 15, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): e2002460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2002460.
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Naibaho, Frans, Ebrry Dwi Putra, Liswara Neneng, and Desimaria Panjaitan. "ISOLASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine bulbosa) DAN UJI ANTAGONISME TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus." Bioma 19, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma19(1).5.
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Antibiotic resistance is one of the main challenges faced by the health world today. Therefore, various efforts are being made to find new alternative antibiotics from various sources. Endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants are thought to have an antibacterial activity that can potentially inhibit pathogenic bacteria growth. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from the Dayak onion plant and determine their potential to inhibit the growth of two pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial isolation was carried out using the surface sterilization method and grown on nutrient agar media. The endophytic bacteria isolates obtained were then characterized macroscopically and microscopically. The agar plug diffusion method carried out the antagonism test against pathogenic bacteria. The result showed that 40 isolates of endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from the Dayak onion plant's leaves, bulbs, and roots. Based on the antagonism test, 3 isolates were able to inhibit E.coli while 8 isolates were able to inhibit S. aureus. Three isolates (CED3, CED4, and CEU6) were able to inhibit both pathogenic bacteria, and the highest activity was shown by CED3 isolates.
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Khan, Ruby. "ISOLATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM SOIL." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.054.
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Antibiotics are a major secondary metabolite produced by a wide range of bacteria. The microbes developed various antibiotics that could be used to treat various infectious diseases. Are useful In vitro isolation, the culture and care of bacteria are quite simple, and we can easily improve their stress. The main soil pathogens of the Bacillus species are caused by important antibiotics such as bactericidal Endospores produced by the Bacillus species are very resistant. They are always found to inhibit the growth of other microbes. In the present research study, soil bacteria with antimicrobial activity have been screened and isolated. Subsequently, various pathogenic bacterial lawns were prepared to check the antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Different zones are observed against different pathogenic bacteria. Comparison of antimicrobial activity of soil isolation with different antibiotic discs as well as various pathogenic bacteria. A clear zone of soil isolates of 5 mm, 15 mm, 21 mm, 12 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm and 40 mm against germs or pathogenic bacteria. The zones produced by antibiotic discs against pathogenic bacteria were zones of 5 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, and 21 mm observed.
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Md Lasim, Asmalia, Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom, Sheila Nathan, Fatimah Abdul Razak, Mardani Abdul Halim, Wardah Mohd-Saleh, Kamaruddin Zainul Abidin, and Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib. "Bacterial community profiles within the water samples of leptospirosis outbreak areas." PeerJ 12 (April 29, 2024): e17096. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17096.
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Background Leptospirosis is a water-related zoonotic disease. The disease is primarily transmitted from animals to humans through pathogenic Leptospira bacteria in contaminated water and soil. Rivers have a critical role in Leptospira transmissions, while co-infection potentials with other waterborne bacteria might increase the severity and death risk of the disease. Methods The water samples evaluated in this study were collected from four recreational forest rivers, Sungai Congkak, Sungai Lopo, Hulu Perdik, and Gunung Nuang. The samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the 16S rRNA and in-depth metagenomic analysis of the bacterial communities. Results The water samples recorded various bacterial diversity. The samples from the Hulu Perdik and Sungai Lopo downstream sampling sites had a more significant diversity, followed by Sungai Congkak. Conversely, the upstream samples from Gunung Nuang exhibited the lowest bacterial diversity. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla detected in downstream areas. Potential pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genera Burkholderiales and Serratia were also identified, raising concerns about co-infection possibilities. Nevertheless, Leptospira pathogenic bacteria were absent from all sites, which is attributable to its limited persistence. The bacteria might also be washed to other locations, contributing to the reduced environmental bacterial load. Conclusion The present study established the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the river ecosystems assessed. The findings offer valuable insights for designing strategies for preventing pathogenic bacteria environmental contamination and managing leptospirosis co-infections with other human diseases. Furthermore, closely monitoring water sample compositions with diverse approaches, including sentinel programs, wastewater-based epidemiology, and clinical surveillance, enables disease transmission and outbreak early detections. The data also provides valuable information for suitable treatments and long-term strategies for combating infectious diseases.
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Gahlot, Dharmender K., Nayyer Taheri, and Sheila MacIntyre. "Diversity in Genetic Regulation of Bacterial Fimbriae Assembled by the Chaperone Usher Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010161.
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Bacteria express different types of hair-like proteinaceous appendages on their cell surface known as pili or fimbriae. These filamentous structures are primarily involved in the adherence of bacteria to both abiotic and biotic surfaces for biofilm formation and/or virulence of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. In pathogenic bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, fimbriae play a key role in bacteria–host interactions which are critical for bacterial invasion and infection. Fimbriae assembled by the Chaperone Usher pathway (CUP) are widespread within the Enterobacteriaceae, and their expression is tightly regulated by specific environmental stimuli. Genes essential for expression of CUP fimbriae are organised in small blocks/clusters, which are often located in proximity to other virulence genes on a pathogenicity island. Since these surface appendages play a crucial role in bacterial virulence, they have potential to be harnessed in vaccine development. This review covers the regulation of expression of CUP-assembled fimbriae in Gram-negative bacteria and uses selected examples to demonstrate both dedicated and global regulatory mechanisms.
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Jia, Jiayuan, and Shi-En Lu. "Comparative Genome Analyses Provide Insight into the Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Burkholderia." Microorganisms 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010100.
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Endophytic bacteria are endosymbionts that colonize a portion of plants without harming the plant for at least a part of its life cycle. Bacterial endophytes play an essential role in promoting plant growth using multiple mechanisms. The genus Burkholderia is an important member among endophytes and encompasses bacterial species with high genetic versatility and adaptability. In this study, the endophytic characteristics of Burkholderia species are investigated via comparative genomic analyses of several endophytic Burkholderia strains with pathogenic Burkholderia strains. A group of bacterial genes was identified and predicted as the putative endophytic behavior genes of Burkholderia. Multiple antimicrobial biosynthesis genes were observed in these endophytic bacteria; however, certain important pathogenic and virulence genes were absent. The majority of resistome genes were distributed relatively evenly among the endophytic and pathogenic bacteria. All known types of secretion systems were found in the studied bacteria. This includes T3SS and T4SS, which were previously thought to be disproportionately represented in endophytes. Additionally, questionable CRISPR-Cas systems with an orphan CRISPR array were prevalent, suggesting that intact CRISPR-Cas systems may not exist in symbiotes of Burkholderia. This research not only sheds light on the antimicrobial activities that contribute to biocontrol but also expands our understanding of genomic variations in Burkholderia’s endophytic and pathogenic bacteria.
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H. L., Rowles. "Probiotics Slow the Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria." International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 14, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ijpp2641-7197.14:28-31.
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Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when ingested in sufficient amounts, confer health benefits to the host by improving the gut microflora balance. The purpose of this research was to determine whether commercial probiotic products containing multitude of commensal bacteria would reduce the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Growth curves were established, and the growth rates were compared for samples of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Nature’s Bounty Controlled Delivery probiotic, Sundown Naturals Probiotic Balance probiotic, and cocultures of the pathogenic bacteria mixed with the probiotics. The findings of this research were that the commercial probiotics significantly reduced the growth rate of E. coli and S. typhimurium when combined in cocultures. Probiotics containing multiple strains may be taken prophylactically to reduce the risk of bacterial infections caused by E. coli and S. typhimurium. Probiotics could be used to reduce the high global morbidity and mortality rates of diarrheal disease.
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Filip, Z., D. Kaddu-Mulindwa, and G. Milde. "Survival of Some Pathogenic and Facultative Pathogenic Bacteria in Groundwater." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0105.
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In model experiments carried out in the laboratory the survival of bacteria in groundwater kept at 10±l °C was tested. Only two of the tested bacteria species did not survive longer than 10 - 30 days. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogenic or facultative pathogenic bacteria survived up to 100 days or even more in ground-water with or without the addition of sand from an aquifer. These results can be of importance for determining groundwater protection zones.
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Villaescusa, Sara Lledó, and Rafael Lahoz-Beltra. "Evolutionary Algorithms in a Bacterial Consortium of Synthetic Bacteria." Algorithms 16, no. 12 (December 17, 2023): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16120571.
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At present, synthetic biology applications are based on the programming of synthetic bacteria with custom-designed genetic circuits through the application of a top-down strategy. These genetic circuits are the programs that implement a certain algorithm, the bacterium being the agent or shell responsible for the execution of the program in a given environment. In this work, we study the possibility that instead of programming synthesized bacteria through a custom-designed genetic circuit, it is the circuit itself which emerges as a result of the evolution simulated through an evolutionary algorithm. This study is conducted by performing in silico experiments in a community composed of synthetic bacteria in which one species or strain behaves as pathogenic bacteria against the rest of the non-pathogenic bacteria that are also part of the bacterial consortium. The goal is the eradication of the pathogenic strain through the evolutionary programming of the agents or synthetic bacteria. The results obtained suggest the plausibility of the evolutionary design of the appropriate genetic circuit resulting from the application of a bottom-up strategy and therefore the experimental feasibility of the evolutionary programming of synthetic bacteria.
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Lee, Kyung-Soo, Yu-Jin Jeong, and Moo-Seung Lee. "Escherichia coli Shiga Toxins and Gut Microbiota Interactions." Toxins 13, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060416.
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Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 are enterohemorrhagic bacteria that induce hemorrhagic colitis. This, in turn, may result in potentially lethal complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is characterized by thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure, and neurological abnormalities. Both species of bacteria produce Shiga toxins (Stxs), a phage-encoded exotoxin inhibiting protein synthesis in host cells that are primarily responsible for bacterial virulence. Although most studies have focused on the pathogenic roles of Stxs as harmful substances capable of inducing cell death and as proinflammatory factors that sensitize the host target organs to damage, less is known about the interface between the commensalism of bacterial communities and the pathogenicity of the toxins. The gut contains more species of bacteria than any other organ, providing pathogenic bacteria that colonize the gut with a greater number of opportunities to encounter other bacterial species. Notably, the presence in the intestines of pathogenic EHEC producing Stxs associated with severe illness may have compounding effects on the diversity of the indigenous bacteria and bacterial communities in the gut. The present review focuses on studies describing the roles of Stxs in the complex interactions between pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, the resident microbiome, and host tissues. The determination of these interactions may provide insights into the unresolved issues regarding these pathogens.
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Anjani, Hana Letitia, Marijam Purwanta, and Maftuchah Rochmanti. "IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ON GLASSES USED BY STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA CLASS OF 2016." Majalah Biomorfologi 31, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mbiom.v31i1.2021.21-26.
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Background: People nowadays suffer from refractive disorder that declines the vision. The most common therapy to overcome this problem is to use glasses. The continuous use of glasses and the difficulties on disinfecting the entire surface can cause bacterial contamination. Those bacteria can cause various eye diseases. This fact pushed the researcher to find out if there were bacterial contaminants on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga class of 2016. Objective: To prove the species of bacterial contaminants and pathogenic bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga class of 2016. Material and Method: Cotton swab moistened in sterile distilled water was swabbed to 30 glasses on its inside lens and the part touching the nose. The sample was then inoculated on blood Agar and Mac Conkey, and incubated for 24 hours in 37°C. Then, the isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Results: The whole sample that had been examined was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with risk of causing eye diseases. Those bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp. (50%), Pseudomonas sp. (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (16%). Conclusion: The result of this research showed that there was contamination by bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga class of 2016. All bacteria found were pathogenic to the eye. This showed that glasses could become a reservoir of the pathogenic bacteria that could potentially cause recurring eye infection.
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Anjani, Hana Letitia, Marijam Purwanta, and Maftuchah Rochmanti. "IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ON GLASSES USED BY STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA, SURABAYA, INDONESIA CLASS OF 2016." Majalah Biomorfologi 31, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mbiom.v31i1.2021.18-23.
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Background: People nowadays suffer from refractive disorder that declines the vision. The most common therapy to overcome this problem is to use glasses. The continuous use of glasses and the difficulties on disinfecting the entire surface can cause bacterial contamination. Those bacteria can cause various eye diseases. This fact pushed the researcher to find out if there were bacterial contaminants on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, class of 2016. Objective: To prove the species of bacterial contaminants and pathogenic bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia class of 2016. Materials and Methods: Cotton swab moistened in sterile distilled water was swabbed to 30 glasses on its inside lens and the part touching the nose. The sample was then inoculated on blood agar and Mac Conkey, and incubated for 24 hours in 37oC. Then, the isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Results: The whole sample that had been examined was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with risk of causing eye diseases. Those bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp. (50%), Pseudomonas sp. (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (16%). Conclusion: The result of this research showed that there was contamination by bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia class of 2016. All bacteria found were pathogenic to the eye. This showed that glasses could become a reservoir of the pathogenic bacteria that could potentially cause recurring eye infection.
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Mondal, Uttam K., Arnab Sen, and Asim K. Bothra. "Bioinformatics of pathogenic food bacteria." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 6, no. 1 (2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2012.v06i01.002.
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Cholera is a fatal water borne disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. The primary symptoms include profuse watery diarrhea, muscle cramps and vomiting of clear fluid leading to rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. and death in some cases. The causal organism i.e. Vibrio cholerae was first isolated by an Italian anatomist. Filippo Pacini in 1854. With the advent of genome sequencing technology, several Vibrio cholerae strains have been sequenced and available in public domain. This provided the opportunity for the scientists to study their genome in details. In the present review we have looked into the genetics of food pathogen as a whole, with special reference to research on V. cholerae. We have also critically reviewed various aspects of Bioinformatics like codon usage patterns, phylogenetic studies, studies on structural bioinformatics etc. on food borne bacteria. We are confident that the present review will help the researchers of food pathogenic biology to obtain valuable information about the present status of bioinformatics of food pathogenic bacteria and future outlook of these aspects.
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Namias, Nicholas, Jason Widrich, Octavio V. Martinez, and Stephen M. Cohn. "Pathogenic bacteria on personal pagers." American Journal of Infection Control 28, no. 5 (October 2000): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mic.2000.109183.
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Ratledge, Colin, and Lynn G. Dover. "Iron Metabolism in Pathogenic Bacteria." Annual Review of Microbiology 54, no. 1 (October 2000): 881–941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.881.
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Holtsmark, Ingrid, Vincent G. H. Eijsink, and May Bente Brurberg. "Bacteriocins from plant pathogenic bacteria." FEMS Microbiology Letters 280, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01010.x.
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Fitzgerald, J. Ross, and James M. Musser. "Evolutionary genomics of pathogenic bacteria." Trends in Microbiology 9, no. 11 (November 2001): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02228-4.
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Lindsay, Jodi A. "Viruses that turn bacteria pathogenic." Molecular Medicine Today 5, no. 8 (August 1999): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1357-4310(99)01522-1.
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Robertson, B. "Genetic variation in pathogenic bacteria." Trends in Genetics 8, no. 1 (1992): 422–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(92)90174-3.
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Robertson, Brian D., and Thomas F. Meyer. "Genetic variation in pathogenic bacteria." Trends in Genetics 8, no. 12 (December 1992): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(92)90325-x.
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