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Academic literature on the topic 'Pathogènes environnementaux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pathogènes environnementaux"
Babajko, Sylvie, Géraldine Lescaille, Loredana Radoï, Ai Thu Bui, Vanessa Baaroun, Emile Boyer, Sandrine Delbosc, Hélène Chardin, Robert Barouki, and Xavier Coumoul. "La sphère orale, cible et marqueur de l’exposition environnementale." médecine/sciences 36, no. 3 (March 2020): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020025.
Full textHadjira, Sabrina, Bassim Bouchouf, Ahmed Menad, and Souad Ameddah. "Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that continues to be a challenge for scientific development." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 8, no. 1 (June 4, 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsra.2021.8111.
Full textBRUSLÉ, J. "L'anguille européenne Anguilla anguilla, un poisson sensible aux stress environnementaux et vulnérable à diverses atteintes pathogènes." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 335 (1994): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:1994015.
Full textMEDALE, F., and C. MICHEL. "Deuxième partie : Épidémiologie et modélisation des maladies infectieuses aquacoles." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3458.
Full textRENAULT, T., and B. GUICHARD. "Facteurs de risque d’apparition et d’émergence des maladies infectieuses en aquaculture." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3459.
Full textKone, Yaya, Tobdem Gaston Dabire, Hamadoun Amadou, and Irénée Somda. "Evaluation in vitro du potentiel antagoniste de Trichoderma harzianum du Burkina Faso contre Magnaporthe grisea, l’agent causal de la pyriculariose du riz, isolées au Mali." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (April 11, 2020): 3053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.7.
Full textPhilippot, Marine, Christine Bazin, Pascale Preynat-Boucher, Jean-Marc Giannoli, and Yves Perrodin. "Caractérisation de l’écotoxicité des rejets liquides des laboratoires de biologie médicale." Revue des sciences de l’eau 29, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038929ar.
Full textMONTEL, M. C., E. BEUVIER, and A. HAUWUY. "(only in French) Pratiques d’élevage, microflore du lait et qualités des produits laitiers." INRAE Productions Animales 16, no. 4 (August 12, 2003): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2003.16.4.3667.
Full textDUCROT, C., B. BED’HOM, V. BERINGUE, J. B. COULON, C. FOURICHON, J. L. GUERIN, S. KREBS, et al. "Enjeux et spécificités de la recherche en santé animale." INRAE Productions Animales 23, no. 4 (November 14, 2010): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.4.3314.
Full textDuru, Michel, and Claire Le Bras. "Crises environnementales et sanitaires : des maladies de l’anthropocène qui appellent à refonder notre système alimentaire." Cahiers Agricultures 29 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020033.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pathogènes environnementaux"
Al-Yasiri, Mohammed Hashim Yasir. "Réservoirs environnementaux des champignons pathogènes humains : effet de l'anthropisation sur les communautés fongiques chez Larus michahellis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5012/document.
Full textThe yellow-legged gull is endemic in the French Mediterranean area. Their gut mycobiota has never been studied. This work aimed to describe their role in the spreading of potentially human pathogenic fungi with antifungal resistance. Therefore, we sampled 177 yellow-legged gull’s faecal samples in five sites along the Mediterranean littoral South of France; La Grande-Motte, Palavas-les-Flots, Pierre-Blanche, Frioul and Riou archipelagos. We identified seventeen yeast species; the most frequent were Candida krusei, Galactomyces geotrichum, C. glabrata, C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The frequency of the anthropic yeast species C. glabrata and C. albicans increased with the synanthropy of the gull’s colonies and antifungal resistance was found in each of the five most frequent yeast species. We further analyzed the airborne filamentous fungi species isolated from the same sample cultures. We identified 35 filamentous fungi species in 16 genera including 35 species. Both fungal diversity and abundance were low in urban area when compared to suburban ecocline or environments that were little affected by anthropogenic impact and particular fungal species were clearly associated with distinct environments. Finally, we analyzed the population genetic of the human pathogenic yeast C. glabrata, which were isolated from gulls (111 isolates) and from patients (79 isolates) in Nimes, Montpellier and Marseille hospitals, via MLVA analysis. We found that the C. glabrata populations isolated from gulls or humans shared a similar genetic diversity. Antifungal-resistant C. glabrata isolates were evenly distributed in both gull and human populations
Tall, Amadou. "Écologie des Vibrio spp. en Manche-Mer du Nord : diversité et occurrence de souches potentiellement pathogènes pour l'homme et les animaux, et déterminisme des paramètres environnementaux sur l'abondance des Vibrio spp." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0003.
Full textOne hundred and thirty species of vibrios, ubiquitous bacteria of marine and estuarine environments have been described, some of them being pathogenic for marine organisms. Twelve species are classified as human pathogens, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus being the most frequently reported in cases of infection. Human infections are linked mostly to raw seafood consumption or to the exposure of skin wounds to contaminated seawater. In France, the risk is low but it is expected to increase in the future due to the increase of raw seafood consumption, the part of immuno-compromised people, but also the impact of anthropic activities and global warming on the marine environment. A better understanding of the ecology of these bacteria (distribution pattern, abundance and diversity) is a prerequisite for the monitoring of the Vibrio-risk in the environment. The 2-year study carried out in the Eastern English Channel during my PhD was part of the Vibrio Manche program (2009-2012, funding EDF R&D/Ifremer/Institut Pasteur de Lille), which main objective was to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of the vibrios, among which the potentially pathogenic species for human and animal, and their relations with the biotic(phytoplankton and zooplankton) and abiotic environmental parameters. The strategy consisted in the enumeration and isolation of Vibrio strains, at 22°C and37°C on a selective medium, from seawater and superficial sediments collected during nine sampling campaigns and associated with the recording of environmental parameters. The protocol developed in this study provides an appropriate and rapid screening tool to identify a large number of bacterial strains routinely isolated from the environment. This was based on real-time PCR assays and the sequencing of discriminant genetic markers. We highlighted the important diversity of species among the 22°C isolates, represented mainly by species pathogenic for marine organisms such as V. splendidus. Contrastingly, the 37°C isolates were mainly represented by two species, V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi, and the potentially pathogenic species for humans were rarely detected using this experimental approach. We detected 20 and 17 species of vibrios among the 22°C (two sampling campaigns) and 37°C(nine sampling campaigns) isolates, respectively, and highlighted the probable influence of contrasted environmental conditions on these populations structure. These two populations presented different seasonal dynamics, as the seawater temperature and the zooplankton abundance showed to be the main drivers for the 37°C population. The 22°C population seemed to be linked to the chlorophyll a concentration and zooplankton abundance. These data and the approach developed in this study could contribute to the development of tools for the monitoring of coastal environment and they give perspectives to better understand the ecology of the vibrios and the environmental factors driving their abundance and diversity
Pongmala, Khemngeun. "Influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques du sol et de leur variation saisonnière sur l'occurrence et la distribution de Burkholderia pseudomallei dans une rizière au centre du Laos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2022. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5342/.
Full textBurkholderia pseudomallei (BP) a pathogenic bacterium found in tropical soils, causes a severe disease, melioidosis. This thesis, based on field work in the main region of BP endemicity in Lao PDR, aims to clarify the determinants of BP distribution in soil. We applied a multi-scale approach to characterize the distribution of BP in relation with soil physico-chemical variability and highlight seasonal variations in BP distribution. BP occurred at all soil depths down to 300 cm but its concentrations varied drastically, both at the millimetre scale, concomitantly with the oxidation state of iron, and at the soil profile scale, unexpectedly reaching peak values below 100 cm. Seasonal variability of BP concentrations was higher in shallow than deep soil horizons, consistent with increased BP persistence in layers saturated with water year round. This thesis demonstrate the importance of considering the complexity of soil to better understand the ecology of BP
Perrin, Florent. "Modification du métabolisme des caroténoïdes en réponse aux stress biotique et abiotique chez la carotte." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0027/document.
Full textCarrot presents a high nutritional interest as a carotenoid intake source. However, knowledge about accumulation mechanisms of these compounds is a major issue. While genetic determinism was relatively well studied, the impact of stresses on carotenoid accumulation in carrot remains unknown. This thesis work aims to determine (i) the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses applied individually or in combination on carotenoid contents in carrot leaves and roots, (ii) the regulation mechanisms which could explainthese variations and (iii) if secondary metabolism is specifically affected independently from primarymetabolism. Results bring to light a negative effect of the different stress conditions, particularly applied in combination, on carotenoid contents in carrot leaves and roots but depend on genotypes. Transcriptional regulation based on carotenoid biosynthetic genes can only partially explain contentvariations. Chlorophyll content variations in leaves and sugar content variations in roots are correlated to those of carotenoids suggesting common regulation mechanisms. This work shows that the impact of stress on culture, and particularly in combination, is an important determinism of nutritional quality. Further works need to be performed to establish a more precise regulation network pattern of carotenoid accumulation in carrot
Rey, Françoise. "Evaluation de la charge pleurale en fibres d'amiante pathogènes chez l'animal et l'homme : application à la pathologie environnementale en Corse du nord-est." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11010.
Full textTorterotot-Immel, Françoise. "Apports de la biochimie et de la protéomique dans l'étude de modifications du métabolisme cellulaire à travers deux exemples : l'amyloïdogénèse de différentes protéïnes de champignons ascomycètes et la caractérisation du protéome d'une plante invasive résistante à un stress environnemental." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0297.
Full textA number of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Creutzfeld-Jacob disease in humans or the disease known as mad cow disease in bovine, are due to misfolding of a cellular protein called prion. These proteins are not pathogenic for human and can form amyloid fibers like mammalian prion. They are therefore a useful tool to study molecular events responsible for the emergence and propagation of prions. In S. cerevisiae, the Ure2p protein is associated with [URE3] prion phenotype and is aggregated in this cell. Initially, I developed the conditions to characterize Ure2p amyloid fibers by proteolysis and we showed that [URE3] aggregates obtained in vivo were different than amyloid fibers produced in vitro. In a second phase, the technicity acquired during the biochemical study of Ure2p allowed me to approach the study of an ortholog, Saccharomyces paradoxus Ure2p (Ure2p-Sp), which is not an "in vivo" prion. After showing that soluble forms of the two proteins have the same biochemical characteristics, I show that they have the same propensity to form amyloid fibers. In this study we show that these fibers are infectious in vivo, suggesting that the incapacity of Ure2p-Sp protein to switch into a prion form is rather due to a failure in prion propagation mechanism rather than differences in amyloid structure itself.Then using all technologies that I introduced in the laboratory, I studied the relationship between amyloid structure and toxicity in S. cerevisiae. We showed that it was possible to transform a non-toxic amyloid protein in a toxic form by changing only a few numbers of amino acids. An in vitro study has also shown that the toxic protein was organized into short amyloid fibers that could mimic the intermediates responsible for toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases.The last chapter of this manuscript focuses on research that I developed in the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology Interactions,Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Metz. Within this laboratory, we aim at identifying effects of disturbances and physico-chemical analysis of the mechanisms involved at different scales of observation, from organisms to ecosystems.Progress in genomes sequencing allows an exceptional development in post-genomic biochemistry and can highlight new proteins through functional studies. In order to better understand molecular events responsible for these responses, I introduce a differential technique of proteomics: a DiGE two-dimensional electrophoresis (Differential In-Gel Electrophoresis). I developed this technics in a proteome study of an invasive plant, the goldenrod Solidago canadensis, under metal stress. This proteomic study supplements a phyto-sociological study of plants competent in colonizing a very poor soil but also of biodiversity data, growth and measures of the antioxidant response of these plants. This analysis revealed that in polluted soils, the goldenrod achieves not only to produce energy for its growth but it also achieves to biosynthesize intermediates of glutathion and phytochelatins. Thus, the goldenrod is able to adapt to its environment, which allows it to be tolerant to pollution. My first results of post-genomic biochemistry provide new bases for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind environmental tolerances. These studies may help us to identify the most adapted plants to these environments and why they are. They may help us to understand the effects of these pollutants and allow the development of innovative technologies for phytoremediation to restore polluted soils
Wild, Michael. "Functional characterization of the DELLA RGA-LIKE 3 in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ051.
Full textThe phytohormones gibberellins (GA) regulate major aspects of plant growth in response to endogenous and environmental signals. Upon the perception of stress, the levels of bioactive GA are adjusted, hence allowing a flexible growth response to environmental variability. At a molecular level, GA promote growth by stimulating the degradation of the growth repressing DELLA proteins. DELLAs are versatile nuclear proteins with several remarkable features, such as transactivation activity and protein–protein interaction capacities. Thus DELLAs interact with a series of highly divergent proteins, including different transcription factor families, but also the Jasmonate (JA) ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, repressors of JA signaling. The aim of this thesis work consisted in the characterization of the biological function of the DELLA RGA-LIKE3. I could show that RGL3 modulates plant defense responses against biotic stresses
Almakki, Ayad Qasim Mahdi. "Résistance aux antibiotiques dans des eaux urbaines péri-hospitalières considérées dans un continuum hydrologique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS002/document.
Full textAquatic ecosystems subjected to anthropic pressures are places of rapid evolution of microbial communities. They are likely hotspots for emergence of infectious disease agents resistant to antibiotics. The city of Montpellier is located in a small watershed that undergoes brutal rainfall episodes and strong demographic pressures. A hospital is located in a runoff area including two small urban rivers originating from karstic groundwater few kilometers upstream. The aim of the study is to explore bacterial communities in urban rivers flowing near hospital settings in order to evaluate the influence of runoffs on antibiotics resistance in the bacterial communities. Bacterial communities are also described in upstream karstic aquifers.An introductive section presents the methods available for studying antimicrobial resistance in environment and then reviews comprehensively bibliography on antibiotics resistance in urban runoffs. This part supports the experimental strategies. The method developed herein, called community Inhibitory Concentration (c-IC) determination is combined to taxonomic richness description to provide a tool that gives a rapid snapshot of resistant bacterial communities in aquatic environments. A strategy derived from c-IC approach allows the exploration of bacterial resistance in the urban hydrologic system near the hospital and in karstic aquifers. The collected microbiological data has been completed by hydrological, hydrogeological, climatic and physico-chemical data.The impact of very low concentration of antibiotics on the bacterial community structure in various water bodies was demonstrated and appeared as an indicator of the vulnerability of ecosystems to antimicrobial pressures. The taxonomic repertory of the urban river communities was described and its dynamics was compared to environmental conditions. Hospital vicinity significantly increase the prevalence of resistant bacteria compared to a similar urban area remote from hospital. Diverse clinically relevant cephalosporins and carbapenems resistant bacteria have been isolated. Surprisingly, a NDM-producing Escherichia coli, which is a highly resistant and emerging pathogen was reported for the first time in a French River. The clone was detected in two independent sampling showing its persistence. The blaNDM-5 gene and its surrounding sequences were described on a transferable IncX3 plasmid, indicating possible genetic transfer to other bacteria. The antimicrobial resistance in karst groundwater varied in time and space and was hardly compared with that described in related rivers.In urban settings, water quality and infectious risk is generally assessed on sewers and wastewater treatment plants effluents. This study shows that runoff waters in urbanized area contribute to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Considering the worrisome epidemiology of infectious diseases, it urges to decipher all environmental reservoirs for resistant bacteria in order to complete knowledges about the epidemiological cycle of antimicrobial resistance and try to break or slow down it
Bergeron, Luc. "Validation empirique des indicateurs de pression hygiénique animale." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17524.
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