Academic literature on the topic 'Paternity testing Moral and ethical aspects'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Contents
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Paternity testing Moral and ethical aspects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Paternity testing Moral and ethical aspects"
1
Malek, Janet. "Routine Paternity Testing: Finding the Right Ethical Paradigm." American Journal of Bioethics 13, no. 5 (May 2013): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2013.776363.
Full text
2
Caenazzo, L., A. Comacchio, P. Tozzo, D. Rodriguez, and P. Benciolini. "Paternity testing requested by private parties in Italy: some ethical considerations." Journal of Medical Ethics 34, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2007.023291.
Full text
3
Surbone, Antonella. "The ethical challenge of genetic testing for breast cancer." Medicina e Morale 48, no. 3 (June 30, 1999): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1999.799.
Full textAbstract:
The scientific importance of our recently acquired ability to test for heredity predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers is paralleled only by its social and ethical relevance. Dilemmas are common in all genetic testing, but they assume particular nuances in the setting of breast cancer. Due to its devastating nature and to its increasing incidence, breast cancer is a central issue in women’s health. Breast cancer patients and women in general are often deeply involved in understanding the disease process and the treatment options, as they are in discussing the psychological, social and moral ramifications. This paper is a reflection upon some qualitative aspects of the debate that surrounds genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer, as they have emerged in my encounters with breast cancer patients prior to their decision to consider genetic testing. The five recurrent themes identified in those conversations may or may not be representative of other practice situations, but they illustrate some fundamental philosophical, ethical and moral questions which exist at the core of our human essence and of our moral agency, and which point to the unavoidable intertwinement of medicine, culture, normativity and philosophy, vis-à-vis the many questions raised by genetics. The Author has intentionally refrained from questionnaires, which could betray the complexity of our thinking process, and from the vignettes, as they could betray confidentiality. The paper concludes that the correct answers to the dilemmas posed by genetic testing for breast cancer predisposition can only arise from a blend of medical, social and philosophical analysis.
4
Perry, Joshua E., Ilene N. Moore, Bruce Barry, Ellen Wright Clayton, and Amanda R. Carrico. "The Ethical Health Lawyer: An Empirical Assessment of Moral Decision Making." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 3 (2009): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00407.x.
Full textAbstract:
The empirical literature exploring lawyers and their moral decision making is limited despite the “crisis” of unethical and unprofessional behavior in the bar that has been well documented for over a decade. In particular we are unaware of any empirical studies that investigate the moral landscape of the health lawyer’s practice. In an effort to address this gap in the literature, an interdisciplinary team of researchers at Vanderbilt University designed an empirical study to gather preliminary evidence regarding the moral reasoning of health care attorneys. The primary research question was how health lawyers respond when they encounter ethical or moral dilemmas in their practice for which the law fails to offer a bright-line solution. In exploring this question, we sought to understand better what motivations or influences guide action when health lawyers confront ethical quandaries, and whether there are specific differences, e.g., gender, experience, or religiosity, that are associated with specific responses to situations testing ethical or moral boundaries.
5
Mor, Pnina, and Kathleen Oberle. "Ethical Issues Related To BRCA Gene Testing in Orthodox Jewish Women." Nursing Ethics 15, no. 4 (July 2008): 512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09697330080150041201.
Full textAbstract:
Persons exhibiting mutations in two tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have a greatly increased risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. The incidence of BRCA gene mutation is very high in Ashkenazi Jewish women of European descent, and many issues can arise, particularly for observant Orthodox women, because of their genetic status. Their obligations under the Jewish code of ethics, referred to as Jewish law, with respect to the acceptability of various risk-reducing strategies, may be poorly understood. In this article the moral direction that Jewish law gives to women regarding testing, confidentiality, and other issues is explored. The intent is to broaden nurses' knowledge of how a particular religious tradition could impact on decision making around genetics testing, with the aim of enhancing their understanding of culturally sensitive ethical care.
6
de Snoo-Trimp, Janine C., Bert Molewijk, Gøril Ursin, Berit Støre Brinchmann, Guy AM Widdershoven, Henrica CW de Vet, and Mia Svantesson. "Field-testing the Euro-MCD Instrument: Experienced outcomes of moral case deliberation." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 2 (June 9, 2019): 390–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019849454.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Moral case deliberation is a form of clinical ethics support to help healthcare professionals in dealing with ethically difficult situations. There is a lack of evidence about what outcomes healthcare professionals experience in daily practice after moral case deliberations. The Euro-MCD Instrument was developed to measure outcomes, based on the literature, a Delphi panel, and content validity testing. To examine relevance of items and adequateness of domains, a field study is needed. Aim: To describe experienced outcomes after participating in a series of moral case deliberations, both during sessions and in daily practice, and to explore correlations between items to further validate the Euro-MCD Instrument. Methods: In Sweden, the Netherlands, and Norway, healthcare institutions that planned a series of moral case deliberations were invited. Closed responses were quantitatively analyzed. The factor structure of the instrument was tested using exploratory factor analyses. Ethical considerations: The study was approved in Sweden by a review board. In Norway and the Netherlands, data services and review boards were informed about the study. Results: The Euro-MCD Instrument was completed by 443 and 247 healthcare professionals after four and eight moral case deliberations, respectively. They experienced especially outcomes related to a better collaboration with co-workers and outcomes about individual moral reflexivity and attitude, both during sessions and in daily practice. Outcomes were experienced to a higher extent during sessions than in daily practice. The factor structure revealed four domains of outcomes, which did not confirm the six Euro-MCD domains. Conclusion: Field-testing the Euro-MCD Instrument showed the most frequently experienced outcomes and which outcomes correlated with each other. When revising the instrument, domains should be reconsidered, combined with theory about underlying concepts. In the future, a feasible and valid instrument will be presented to get insight into how moral case deliberation supports and improves healthcare.
7
Numminen, Olivia, Jouko Katajisto, and Helena Leino-Kilpi. "Development and validation of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (September 5, 2018): 2438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018791325.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Moral courage is required at all levels of nursing. However, there is a need for development of instruments to measure nurses’ moral courage. Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop a scale to measure nurses’ self-assessed moral courage, to evaluate the scale’s psychometric properties, and to briefly describe the current level of nurses’ self-assessed moral courage and associated socio-demographic factors. Research design: In this methodological study, non-experimental, cross-sectional exploratory design was applied. The data were collected using Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale and analysed statistically. Participants and research context: The data were collected from a convenience sample of 482 nurses from four different clinical fields in a major university hospital in Finland for the final testing of the scale. The pilot comprised a convenience sample of 129 nurses. Ethical considerations: The study followed good scientific inquiry guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the university ethics committee and permission to conduct the study from the participating hospital. Findings: Psychometric evaluation showed that the 4-sub-scale, 21-item Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale demonstrates good reliability and validity at its current state of development showing a good level of internal consistency for a new scale, the internal consistency values ranging from 0.73 to 0.82 for sub-scales and 0.93 for the total scale, thus well exceeding the recommended Cronbach’s alpha value of >0.7. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical construct of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale. Face validity and expert panel assessments markedly contributed to the relevance of items in establishing content validity. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale provides a new generic instrument intended for measuring nurses’ self-assessed moral courage. Recognizing the importance of moral courage as a part of nurses’ moral competence and its assessment offers possibilities to develop interventions and educational programs for enhancement of moral courage. Research should focus on further validation measures of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale in international contexts.
8
Post, Stephen G. "Dementia in Our Midst: The Moral Community." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, no. 2 (1995): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100005818.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the elderly patient with a progressive and irreversible dementia, most often of the Alzheimer type. However dementia, the decline in mental function from a previous state, can occur in all ages. For example, if Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the dementia of the elderly, increasingly AIDS is the dementia of many who are relatively young. I will not present the major ethical issues relating to dementia care following the progression of disease from the mild to the severe stages, for I have done this elsewhere. Among the issues included are: presymptomatic testing, both psychological and genetic; responsible diag- nostic disclosure and use of support groups; restrictions on driving and other activities; preemptive assisted suicide; advance directives for research and treatment; quality of life in relation to the use of life-extending technologies; and euthanasia.
9
ISERSON, KENNETH V. "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine Development and Production: An Ethical Way Forward." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318012000047x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe world awaits a SARS-CoV-2 virus (i.e., COVID-19 disease) vaccine to keep the populace healthy, fully reopen their economies, and return their social and healthcare systems to “normal.” Vaccine safety and efficacy requires meticulous testing and oversight; this paper describes how despite grandiose public statements, the current vaccine development, testing, and production methods may prove to be ethically dubious, medically dangerous, and socially volatile. The basic moral concern is the potential danger to the health of human test subjects and, eventually, many vaccine recipients. This is further complicated by economic and political pressures to reduce government oversight on rushed vaccine testing and production, nationalistic distribution goals, and failure to plan for the widespread immunization needed to produce global herd immunity. As this paper asserts, the public must be better informed to assess promises about the novel vaccines being produced and to tolerate delays and uncertainty.
10
Lapaeva, Valentina V. "Preimplantation and prenatal genetic diagnostics in Russian Federation: ethical and legal issues." RUDN Journal of Law 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2021-25-1-179-197.
Full textAbstract:
The topicality of the article is due to the strategy of transition to personalized medicine in Russia, based, among other things, on technologies of preimplantation and prenatal genetic diagnostics. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions of ethical and legal support for the development of these technologies. The work is based on the study of relevant international regulations, foreign and Russian legislation using the methods of legal-dogmatic and philosophical-legal analysis. The article substantiates the need for a clearer distinction between legal and moral-religious approaches to regulating relations in applying these technologies. The task is to find legal structures that can take into account the moral aspects of the problem without replacing legal regulation with an appeal to moral and religious values and norms. An example of this approach is the development of a legal regime for manipulations with embryo in vitro, in which the necessary legal protection of the embryo is provided by recognizing its special ontological status as a constitutional value of the common good. From these positions, the author identifies a range of issues that should form the organizational and legal context necessary to ensure adequate guarantees of human rights in the field of application of the considered genetic technologies. The legal regulation of this range of issues should be fixed in a special federal law on genetic testing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paternity testing Moral and ethical aspects"
1
Sutton, Erica J. "Prenatal testing and informed choice : the need for improved communication and understanding between health care professionals and pregnant women." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19653.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the many different ethical issues that emerge in the health care setting with regards to prenatal diagnostic testing. Identifying the areas of clinical practice and religious counselling in need of improvements, particularly physician-client communication, is important to ensure that competent pregnant women make informed, considered choices about prenatal testing. This paper investigates the many factors that contribute to pregnant women's decision-making processes surrounding the acceptance or refusal of the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screen, ultrasonography, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and preimplantation diagnosis. Integrating scholarship in bioethics, religious studies, and the anthropological and sociological study of medicine, this dissertation offers a comparative analysis of religious attitudes toward prenatal diagnostic testing, describes the complexities of practical decision-making by pregnant women faced with genuine ethical dilemmas, and provides an analysis of ethical issues related to prenatal testing. This research will be of interest to scholars in religious studies and bioethics, prenatal genetic counsellors and obstetricians involved in the provision of prenatal diagnostic testing services, and specialists in women's health and reproductive decisionmaking.
2
Bellmore, Aimée Ryan. "Gender, Culture, and Prison Classification: Testing the Reliability and Validity of a Prison Classification System." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/423.
Full textAbstract:
Research consistently shows actuarial classification instruments have equal or higher predictive validity than clinical judgment and can lead to more ethical and fair treatment of incarcerated men and women (Austin, 1983, 1986; Bonta, 2002; Clements, 1981; Holsigner, Lowenkamp, & Latessa, 2006; Meehl, 1954; Salisbury, Van Voorhis, & Spiropoulos, 2009). Best correctional practice recommends all objective classification systems are tested for reliability and validity to ensure they are effective for the population they intend to serve (Austin, 1986; Holsinger et al., 2006; Salisbury et al., 2009). This study examined the reliability and validity of the classification and assessment instruments currently used by Golden Grove Adult Correctional Facility (Golden Grove), located on St. Croix in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). Golden Grove is a mixed-gender, mixed-security status prison managed by the USVI territorial government, and is subject to United States Federal laws and mandates. Data from archival files were used to assess the internal reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity of the classification and assessment instruments used with incarcerated men and women at Golden Grove (N = 200). Primary objectives of this study were separated into four main categories: 1) examine the construct validity of Golden Grove's custody assessment tools; 2) investigate the predictive validity of Golden Grove's custody assessment tools across gender; 3) determine reliability and assess to what extent the primary classification officer's decisions have higher predictive validity than the actuarial tool; and 4) investigate the relationship between items on the needs assessment form and level of custody (minimum, medium, or maximum). Results were mixed but generally indicated weak reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. Contrary to most research on gender and classification, a significant correlation between the initial custody score for incarcerated females and disciplinary reports (r = .26, n = 56, p < .05) indicated the initial custody tool predicted misconduct for maximum custody females better than for males. The mean number of disciplinary reports for maximum women (M = 1.12) was significantly higher compared to maximum men (M = .46). The classification officer overrode the instrument at a high rate for both the initial assessment instrument (44%) and the reassessment instrument (36.4%) rendering the objective assessment overly subjective. Overall, findings show the classification system at Golden Grove is not functioning as intended and improvements are recommended.
3
de, Andrade Marisa. "Pharmaffiliation : a model of intra-elite communication in pharmaceutical regulation." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/6500.
Full textAbstract:
In 2005, the House of Commons (HoC) Health Committee produced a report on The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry – the first of its kind since 1914. The inquiry concluded that there were ‘over-riding concerns about the volume, extent and intensity of the industry’s influence, not only on clinical medicine and research but also on patients, regulators, the media, civil servants and politicians’, and stressed the need ‘to examine critically the industry’s impact on health to guard against excessive and damaging dependencies’ (HoC 2005, p. 97). It also noted that it is important to comprehensively analyse pharmaceutical regulation in order to ascertain whether there are systemic problems: In some circumstances, one particular item of influence may be of relatively little importance. Only when it is viewed as part of a larger package of influences is the true effect of the company’s activity recognised and the potential for distortion seen. The possibility that certain components of any such campaign are covert and their source undeclared is particularly worrying. (HoC 2005, p. 97) This study addresses this recommendation and was primarily conducted to examine whether recognised concerns are merely ad hoc or as a result of systemic flaws in the current system of pharmaceutical regulation. The work addresses a gap in the academic literature by drawing on the fragmented criticisms of the pharmaceutical industry in order to produce a model to illustrate how various stakeholders collaborate with drug companies to promote licensed products, and to explore the nature of the relationships between these elite stakeholders. The thesis begins with a literature review which determines who is involved in pharmaceutical regulation; how the regulatory system works; and explores the key role of communication in this process (Chapters 1 to 3). The recurrent theme is the neglect or exclusion of the patient/consumer, which leads to the development a model of intra-elite communication in drug regulation called Pharmaffiliation (Chapter 3). The thesis then looks for evidence to support or refute this model, using multiple methods (Chapter 4). Four case studies (with specific selection criteria) are chosen to test the model’s constructs and indicators (Chapters 5 to 8). The research uncovers systemic problems in the current system of pharmaceutical regulation which can ultimately harm the patient/consumer, and the implications of these findings are discussed (Chapter 9). Solutions on a micro-level include consumer involvement in decision making processes, which can be enhanced through public education and awareness campaigns and the instigation of public inquiries whenever drugs are withdrawn from the market (HoC 2005, p. 105). On a macro-level, however, this will involve critically exploring neoliberal capitalism and the empowerment of the citizenry (Street 2001).
4
"Underwriting guidelines for genetic testing with special reference to the relevant ethical aspects." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5701.
Full textAbstract:
M.Comm.A revolution in genetic research, known as the Human Genome Project (HGP), is taking place. This project, initiated in 1984, is a twenty-year, six billion-dollar science project designed to map the entire genetic structure (Genome) of the human species (Brockett and Tankersley, 1995). In 1998, the HGP leaders expected to complete the project by 2003 (Lowden, J. A., 1999:33). The Human Genome Project is designed to sequence the human genome (the blue print of genetic information) and to identify the estimated 100000 genesherein. This has added a new dimension to the technology available to underwriters in the life and health insurance industry for the selection of medical risks. Genetic testing can identify inherited diseases and predict illnesses that might not manifest for decades (Brackenridge & Elder, 1998:89). Genome research has opened up new opportunities for diagnosis and in some cases, early treatment of medical conditions. This new basis of knowledge is referred to as the advent of the molecular age in medicine. Medical journals, the mass media and genetic interest groups are treating human genetics and the opportunities it presents as a high-profile issue, with great attention being paid to the complex and emotive topics of life insurance and genetic testing (Regenauer & Schmidtke, 1998:5). The Insurance Industry can use genetic testing to identify high-risk applicants more accurately and price products accordingly, thereby improving risk assessment and profitability. These potential advantages, however, are counter-balanced by ethical considerations that are much more difficult to address (Lowden, J. A., 1999:33). Many consumers, ethicists and geneticists fear that insurers will use this data for unfair discriminatory purposes, identifying a genetic underclass of people who, although clinically well, will be uninsurable. Genetic testing could invade the privacy of applicants and their families. There are concerns about the confidential handling of genetic information as well as the accurate interpretation of genetic tests. The uncertainty about the predictive value of genetic tests, the shortage of trained geneticists and counsellors and the psychological impact of that knowledge of a predictable serious disease might have, have lead to much opposition to the use of genetic information by third parties. In the United States most Americans receive health insurance through their place of employment. There are fears that genetic testing will be used to discriminate against prospective employees and render many people unemployable and uninsurable (Council for responsible Genetics, 1997: http://www.gene-watch.org/genclisc htuil Consumer groups have lobbied effectively for the prohibition of testing or the use of testing by insurers in the United States and Europe and legislators aim to ban the use of genetic information on a broad basis. Insurers, on the other hand, are assuming that the new laws will cause untold damage to the fiscal stability of their companies (Lowden, J. A., 1999:33). However, it seems inevitable that genetic testing will affect risk classification sooner rather than later and to a greater extent than most believe (Chambers, 1997: http://www.Inrc.com/epirr/issues/143/143-4.htm).
5
Coetzee, Anje. "A multiple stakeholder perspective on ethics challenges in online testing." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14381.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.With the more popular practice of communication through emails, cellular phones, and instant online messaging, the pace at which organisations communicate and function has increased dramatically over the past decade, as information is speedily available. Organisations need to adapt to the latest technology applications in order to be more efficient and to increase productivity ...
6
Park, Gerald H. "Content of an ethics course for nondestructive testing and welding inspection personnel." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36501.
Full textAbstract:
This research evaluated the ethics competencies which were
determined to be important to the curriculum of an ethics course for
students studying Nondestructive Testing and Welding Inspection. Data
were gathered from samples of American Society of Nondestructive
Testing Nationally Certified Level III's (N = 268), American Welding
Society Nationally Certified Welding Inspectors CWI's (N = 212) and
American Welding Society Nationally Certified Associate Welding
Inspectors - CAWI's (N = 101) who are currently licensed by their
respective societies.
The twenty-nine (29) item instrument utilized a six-point Likert type
scale for the data collection. The scale, which was validated by
consensus using a DELPHI panel procedure, utilized the Hoyt-Stunkard
method for assessing reliability. The computed reliability for the
instrument was determined to be +0.970.
Analysis of variance tests were completed for each of the twenty-nine
(29) competencies to ascertain differences between ASNT Level
III's, AWS CWI's and AWS CAWI's samples. Factor analysis, using the R-mode,
provided for the clustering of competencies and constituted the
major analysis procedure for the study.
The results of the study indicated the presence of three (3) clusters
of content which were considered necessary to curriculum inclusion in an
ethics course for nondestructive testing and welding inspection. The
identified clusters include: I. Ethical issues and personal integrity (18
competencies), II. Ethics and the legal aspects of inspection (8
competencies), and III. Ethical theory and professional conduct (4
competencies).
Overall competency means ranged from 3.929 to 5.594;
significance tests showed only five (5) rejected hypotheses for the twent-ynine
(29) primary competencies. Standard errors of the mean were
found to be lower for the ASNT Level III's sample.
The results of the study present a valid pattern for the development
of objectives which should be included in an ethics curriculum for
nondestructive testing personnel and welding inspectors.Graduation date: 1993
7
Wessel, Bjorn Peter Burdon. "Towards an improved understanding of environmental concern: development of an environmental concern model, corroboration of previous assessments, and pilot testing original scales." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/27058.
Full textAbstract:
Research report submitted in accordance for partial requirements for the degree of Masters in Interdisciplinary Global Change Studies in the Faculty of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand, 2018The vision for this project is to aid in approaching climate change by providing an improved understanding of environmental concern. There are two missions. First, to develop heuristic models of environmental concern, and to utilize their constructs to assess environmental behaviour and environmental concern in a population. The model is intended to provide a depiction to aid in better understanding environmental concern and may aid in framing and developing intervention strategies to mitigate harmful effects of climate change. Broadly, assessments of environmental concern have been operationalized in two ways, as a unidimensional construct, ranging from high concern to low concern, or as multidimensional constructs demonstrating underlying reasons for environmental concern. Examining two multidimensional assessments reveals limitations of both and gaps between their underlying constructs. A reading of value-orientated theories from environmental ethics literature identifies six constructs for use in a multidimensional assessment of environmental concern. Utilizing equivalent constructs to the previous multidimensional assessments and expanding “nature” and natural entities into three separate categories results in six constructs intended to fill the gaps of the previous multidimensional assessments and may addresses some of their limitations. This reading also provides a theoretical foundation for designing items to relate to the six constructs. A theory map is presented which demonstrates constructs relating to an expanded narrative for use in multidimensional assessments. Climate change is a complex and often poorly understood phenomenon. Furthermore, it is clear that human behaviours are the underlying causes of climate change. Cross-disciplinary research and integration of several disciplines and fields of inquiry are necessary for developing sound approaches to climate change. Experimental philosophy and empirical ethics are discussed as guiding methodologies for this project. Meta-ethical fallacies and two considerations from the philosophy of science aid in contextualizing this research and provide epistemological limits for deriving ethical conclusions from facts about the world. A survey consisting of 11 sociodemographic items, the revised NEP scale’s 15 items, an existing 17 item environmental behaviour scale, and six 10 item original scales relating to six constructs based on value-orientated theories from environmental ethics and presented in the heuristic models, was drafted. An electronic version was designed and emailed to firstyear Life Science and Economics students. The environmental behaviour scale and the revised NEP scale are significant and correlate moderately positively, corroborating the hypothesis, that there is a relationship between environmental behaviour and environmental concern. While three of the six original scales (egocentrism, sociocentrism, and sentiocentrism) were unreliable, did not have many significant relationships with other variables, and require further development, the other three (nihilism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism) succeeded in corroborating the hypothesis, that there are underlying dimensions of environmental concern, and that they are significantly related to environmental behaviour. The project’s implications and recommendations discusses different intervention strategies in response to climate change as well as environmental communications and education, and how the heuristic models may aid in these topic’s endeavours. The project concludes by identifying a lack of environmental concern in two South African President’s State Of the Nation Addresses and stresses the need to improve environmental concern and increase the frequencies of people engaging in environmental behaviours. Key words: nature; natural entities; environment; environmental concern; environmental behaviour; value; environmental communication; environmental education; nihilism; anthropocentrism; egocentrism; sociocentrism; sentiocentrism; biocentrism; ecocentrism; experimental philosophy; empirical ethics; quantitative research.
XL2019
8
Nefale, Matshepo Catherine. "The health belief model and motivations for/against HIV-testing." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4665.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation has made an attempt at exploring the psychological factors that motivates individuals into opting for or against undertaking an HIV-test. The Health Belief Model is used to ascertain its predictive powers towards the motivation for undertaking such a test. Literature on HIV-testing indicates non-exploration of voluntary HIV-testing, as opposed to massive reporting on mandatory HIV-testing. Therefore, the focus of this dissertation is on voluntary HIV-testing. The sample used for the study. comprised of antenatal mothers who were offered HIV/Aids education and then presented with an option of either undertaking the HIV-test, or not.
The results of the study indicate that the Health Belief Model has failed in its predictive powers towards motivations for or against HIV-testing. However, the study provided valuable psychological factors that are associated with the decision to undertake the HIV-test, which will be important for future research on HIV/Aids and on the control in the spread of the disease.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.
9
Huerter, Mary Elise. "Prenatal Screening: Quality Control and the Genetics Gateway." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1131.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Jason T. Eberl, Peter H. Schwartz, William H. Schneider. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-81).
10
Cox, Susan M. ""It’s not a secret but-- " : predictive testing and patterns of communication about genetic information in families at risk for Huntington Disease." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9955.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing transparence of the human genome has profound implications for how we
understand health and illness and perceive our biological and social relatedness to others.
Presymptomatic testing for adult onset conditions, in particular, creates the novel situation in
which some individuals know in advance of impending illness while others learn that they have
escaped such a fate. How families at risk for one adult onset condition — Huntington Disease
(HD) — communicate about such information is the topic of this dissertation.
HD is often described as a 'genetic time bomb'. It is an autosomal dominant
neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by mid-life onset, involuntary movements, cognitive
impairment, and depression. There is no effective prevention or cure but with the advent of
predictive testing in 1987 it became possible for at risk individuals to learn if they had inherited
the mutation associated with HL\ Empirical studies on predictive testing for HD focus primarily
on the individual psychological impacts of the test; few studies consider how families
understand and attempt to manage genetic information in their everyday lives.
This dissertation begins to address these lacunae by examining the stories that test
candidates and their families tell about hereditary risk and predictive testing. These stories
derive from a prospectively designed study which includes 102 in-depth, at-home interviews
conducted in the pre and post-results period with 16 test candidates and 33 family members.
Focusing on three narrative 'moments', the dissertation explores how study participants storied
their experiences of: 1) learning about the family history of HD, 2) deciding to request the
predictive test and, 3) making sense of an informative result. Drawing upon a social
constructionist approach, the analysis emphasizes the processual nature of predictive testing as
well as the significance of interpersonal communication in producing and reproducing the social
realities in which genetic information acquires a particular salience. Given the recent
proliferation of genetic tests as well as the absence of an adequate popular discourse on
embodied risk, the research underscores lay actors' abilities to reframe existing clinical schema
in order to interpret and manage hereditary risk in an intersubjectively meaningful way.
Books on the topic "Paternity testing Moral and ethical aspects"
1
Judson, Karen. Animal testing. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2005.
Find full text
2
Animal research and testing. London: Wayland, 2009.
Find full text
3
Watson, Stephanie. Animal testing: Issues and ethics. New York: The Rosen Pub. Group, 2009.
Find full text
4
Robert, Hahn. Conduct and constraints: Testing the limits of the harm principle. 2nd ed. Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Find full text
5
Hahn, Robert. Conduct and constraints: Testing the limits of the harm principle. 4th ed. Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
Find full text
6
Robert, Hahn. Conduct and constraints: Testing the limits of the harm principle. 5th ed. Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
Find full text
7
Robert, Hahn. Conduct and constraints: Testing the limits of the harm principle. 7th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, 2005.
Find full text
8
J, Mayo David, and Rhame Frank S. 1942-, eds. AIDS: Testing and privacy. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1989.
Find full text
9
Testing the medical covenant: Active euthanasia and health care reform. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1996.
Find full text
10
Flamant, Robert. Malade ou cobaye: Plaidoyer pour les essais thérapeutiques. Paris: A. Michel, 1994.
Find full text