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Grill, Kalle. "Anti-paternalism." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Philosophy and History of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4065.
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This is a thesis about anti-paternalism – the liberal doctrine that we may not interfere with a person’s liberty for her own good. Empirical circumstances and moral values may certainly give us reason to avoid benevolent interference. Anti-paternalism as a normative doctrine should, however, be rejected.
Essay I concerns the definitions of paternalism and anti-paternalism. It is argued that only a definition of paternalism in terms of compound reason-actions can accommodate its special moral properties. Definitions in terms of actions, common in the literature, cannot. It is argued, furthermore, that in specifying the reason-actions in further detail, the notion of what is self-regarding, as opposed to other-regarding, is irrelevant, contrary to received opinion.
Essay II starts out with the definition of paternalism defended in essay I and claims that however this very general definition is specified, anti-paternalism is unreasonable and should be rejected. Anti-paternalism is the position that certain reasons – referring one way or the other to the good of a person, give no valid normative support to certain actions – some kind of interferences with the same person. Since the reasons in question are normally quite legitimate and important reasons for action, a convincing argument for anti-paternalism must explain why they are invalid in cases of interference. A closer look at the reasons and actions in question provides no basis for such an explanation.
Essay III considers a concrete case of benevolent interference – the withholding of information concerning uncertain threats to public health in the public’s best interest. Such a policy has been suggested in relation to the European Commission’s proposed new system for the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH). Information about uncertain threats to health from chemicals would allegedly spread anxiety and depression and thus do more harm than good. The avoidance of negative health effects is accepted as a legitimate and good reason for withholding of information, thus respecting the conclusion of essay II, that anti-paternalism should be rejected. Other reasons, however, tip the balance in favour of making the information available. These reasons include the net effects on knowledge, psychological effects, effects on private decisions and effects on political decisions.
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Jacobson, Martin. "Power, Paternalism and Libertarianism : Libertarian Paternalism – More than a Nudge." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377435.
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It is commonly believed that paternalism is at odds with libertarianism. Recent literature has suggested that there are forms of paternalism which are acceptable to libertarians: namely “nudging”, sometimes even referred to as “libertarian paternalism”. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to investigate the taxonomical question of how libertarianism, paternalism and nudging relate to each other. Secondly, to investigate whether, and if so when, paternalism is compatible with libertarianism. I argue that any action which is not coercive is compatible with libertarianism. Thus, any non-coercive paternalist action is compatible with libertarianism. I also argue that there are several paternalist action types, such as nudges, informing and incentivizing, which are not coercive, and thus are compatible with libertarianism.
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Phipps-Morgan, Ilona K. "Autonomy and Paternalism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/58.
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I wish to determine when one is justified in paternalistic interferences that override a subject’s autonomy. In order to lay the groundwork for discussing paternalistic interferences with autonomous decisions, I first consider different conceptions of autonomy, welfare, and paternalism, and determine which I mean to use. In particular, I proceed with Dworkin’s characterization of autonomy as a combination of authenticity and self-determination; Nussbaum’s capabilities theory in order to determine welfare; and a definition of paternalism as being an interference with a subject’s liberty or autonomy that is motivated exclusively by consideration for that subject’s own good or welfare.
Once I have working definitions for autonomy, welfare, and paternalism, I consider arguments justifying paternalistic interferences. Because I especially wish to determine when paternalistic interferences that conflict with a subject’s autonomous decision are justified, I begin with Scoccia’s arguments for using hypothetical consent — which is based on what would maximize the subject’s welfare — to justify paternalistic acts. Using Scoccia’s argument, I consider a few cases in which concerns for welfare may justify paternalistic acts overriding the subject’s autonomy.
However, hypothetical consent does not go very far in justifying paternalistic acts. Therefore, I also consider arguments justifying paternalism in cases where the subject is not necessarily fully autonomous when making or acting upon a decision. For example, Carter argues that paternalistic acts are justified if autonomy has been waived through prior or subsequent consent. Additionally, I look at justifying paternalism when the subject’s autonomy is compromised through involuntariness or incompetence.
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Wilson, Jane. "Paternalism re-examined." Thesis, Keele University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545750.
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Westwell-Roper, Yolande. "Autonomy and paternalism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:811ba39b-7535-4586-8089-91b8459c3bb5.
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The aim of the thesis is to develop a theory of autonomy-respecting paternalism which delineates an area of morally permissible paternalistic interference. Paternalism is defined as any infringement of a prima facie right to non-interference for the purpose of protecting or promoting the recipient's well-being. It is argued that autonomy involves not only liberty of action, but also the achievement of self-construction and self-control. The role of rational reflection in the achievement of self-construction is discussed at some length, and the importance of knowledge, including self-knowledge and moral sensitivity is emphasized. The right to non-interference is taken to be grounded in the intrinsic value of autonomy, and possession of a prima facie right to non-interference is extended to all beings with desires. This general right is discussed in terms of three rights of greater specificity: non-interference with actions, states, and opportunities. An account of the vehicle for alienation of the right to non-interference is developed in terms of a technical notion of subsequent approval. The principle of respect for autonomy is shown to be as applicable in paternalistic dealings with children as it is with adults, without this having counter-intuitive consequences in practice. It is also shown how far the paternalistic promotion of a recipient's well-being, understood as the satisfaction of informed desires, can be reconciled with the principle of respect for autonomy. Finally, the theory is applied to particular cases of paternalism in familial, medical, and legal contexts.
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de, Quintana Medina Júlia. "acceptability of nudges as public policy tools: a theoretical and empirical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671907.
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Aquesta tesi presenta una anàlisi teòrica i empírica de l’acceptabilitat dels nudges com a eines de política pública. La primera part de la tesi discuteix la caracterització dels nudges com a instruments de política pública, considerant qüestions conceptuals, ètiques i teòriques. La tesi revisa la noció original de nudge, les seves bases teòriques i empíriques i les principals crítiques en els dos sentits. Exposant els problemes amb la noció de nudge de Thaler i Sunstein, proposa una definició alternativa del concepte que defensa deixar de banda les connotacions i intencions normatives i centrar-se en el seu valor pràctic com a eina de política pública. La segona part inclou tres estudis empírics d’actituds cap als nudges: una enquesta representativa (n = 617, i = 3,88) de l’acceptabilitat pública dels nudges a Espanya, i dos estudis experimentals que exploren l’acceptabilitat de dos tipus de nudges, els nudges automàtics, que són menys perceptibles i funcionen sense deliberació o consciència, i els nudges reflexius que són perceptibles, inclouen deliberació i produeixen una resposta conscient. La part empírica aborda les qüestions discutides en el debat teòric i emfatitza que la discussió sobre l’acceptabilitat dels nudges en política pública ha de considerar la seva acceptabilitat pública i, en particular, quins nudges es prefereixen i en quins contextos s’accepta la seva implementació. Els resultats indiquen tres qüestions principals. En primer lloc, l’acceptabilitat pública dels nudges és alta, els ciutadans aproven l’ús de diferents nudges en diferents àmbits i no s’oposen categòricament a la seva implementació. En segon lloc, el tipus de nudge és important. Les persones reconeixen diferències entre nudges i tendeixen a preferir els nudges reflexius als nudges automàtics. Tanmateix, els resultats dels tres estudis indiquen que l’oposició a la implementació de nudges automàtics no és categòrica i es recolza el seu ús en diversos casos. En tercer lloc, l’acceptabilitat dels nudges automàtics depèn del context en què s’apliquen; les persones donen suport al seu ús quan estan d’acord amb el seu objectiu i quan afecten decisions en àmbits de baix risc. Per contra, s’oposen a la seva implementació quan afecten decisions en dominis d’alt risc, per exemple, quan es fan servir en decisions que involucren assumptes sensibles o morals o decisions que involucren pèrdues econòmiques. En general, la tesi explora arguments a favor i en contra de l’ús de nudges i ofereix idees sobre com poden ser eines útils i acceptables per a la formulació de polítiques públiques.Esta tesis presenta un análisis teórico y empírico de la aceptabilidad de los nudges como herramientas de política pública. La primera parte de la tesis discute la caracterización de los nudges como instrumentos de política pública, con atención a cuestiones conceptuales, éticas y teóricas. La tesis revisa la noción original de nudge, sus bases teóricas y empíricas y las principales críticas en ambos sentidos. Exponiendo los problemas con la noción de nudge de Thaler y Sunstein, propone una definición alternativa del concepto que aboga por dejar de lado las connotaciones e intenciones normativas y centrarse en su valor práctico como herramienta de política pública. La segunda parte incluye tres estudios empíricos de actitudes hacia los nudges: una encuesta representativa (n = 617, e = 3,88) de la aceptabilidad pública de los nudges en España, y dos estudios experimentales que exploran la aceptabilidad de dos tipos de nudges, los nudges automáticos, que son menos perceptibles y funcionan sin deliberación o conciencia, y los nudges reflexivos que son perceptibles, incluyen deliberación y producen una respuesta consciente. La parte empírica aborda las cuestiones discutidas en el debate teórico y enfatiza que la discusión sobre la aceptabilidad de los nudges en política pública debe considerar su aceptabilidad pública y, en particular, qué nudges se prefieren y en qué contextos se acepta su implementación. Los resultados indican tres cuestiones principales. En primer lugar, la aceptabilidad pública de los empujones es alta, los ciudadanos aprueban el uso de diferentes nudges en diferentes ámbitos y no se oponen categóricamente a su implementación. En segundo lugar, el tipo de nudge es importante. Las personas reconocen diferencias entre nudges y tienden a preferir los nudges reflexivos a los nudges automáticos. No obstante, los resultados de los tres estudios indican que la oposición a la implementación de nudges automáticos no es categórica y, en varios casos, se apoya su uso. En tercer lugar, la aceptabilidad de los nudges automáticos depende del contexto en el que se apliquen; las personas apoyan su uso cuando están de acuerdo con su objetivo y cuando afectan decisiones en ámbitos de bajo riesgo. Por el contrario, su uso no está respaldado cuando afectan decisiones en dominios de alto riesgo, como decisiones que involucran asuntos sensibles o morales o decisiones que involucran pérdidas económicas. En general, la tesis explora argumentos a favor y en contra del uso de nudges y ofrece ideas sobre cómo los nudges pueden ser herramientas útiles y aceptables para la formulación de políticas públicas.
This thesis is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the acceptability of nudges as policy tools. The first part of the thesis discusses the characterisation of nudges as a policy instrument, paying attention to conceptual, ethical and theoretical issues. The thesis looks at the original notion of nudges, their theoretical and empirical bases and the main criticisms of both dimensions. It goes on to outline the problems with Thaler and Sunstein’s notion of nudges and proposes an alternative understanding of nudges, advocating dropping the normative connotations of nudges, and focusing on their practical value as a policy tool. The second part includes three empirical studies on attitudes towards nudges: a nationally representative survey (n= 617, e=3.88) of the public acceptability of nudges in Spain, and two experimental studies that explore the acceptability of two types of nudges, automatic nudges that are less noticeable, work with no deliberation and awareness, and reflective nudges that are noticeable, work by engaging deliberation and produce a more reflective response. The empirical part addresses some of the concerns discussed in the theoretical debate and emphasises that the discussion on the acceptability of nudges as policy tools should include considerations about whether people like nudges, which nudges they prefer and the contexts in which they accept their implementation. The results outline three main themes. Firstly, the public acceptability of nudges is high, people favour the use of different nudges applied to both pro-self and pro-social domains and the indication is that people do not categorically oppose nudges. Secondly, the type of nudge is important. People recognise differences between nudges and tend to preferer reflective nudges to automatic nudges. At the same time, the findings in the three studies indicate that people do not categorically oppose the implementation of automatic nudges and support their use in several cases. Thirdly, the acceptability of automatic nudges depends on the context in which they are applied; people support their use when they agree with the aim and when they affect behaviour in low-stake domains. By contrast, their use is not supported when they affect decisions in high-stake domains, such as decisions that involve sensitive or moral issues or decisions that involve economic losses. Overall, the thesis explores arguments in favour of and against nudges and offers ideas and conclusions to give an idea of how nudges could be useful and acceptable tools for policymaking.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Sociologia
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Birks, David. "Wellbeing, reasons, and paternalism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/wellbeing-reasons-and-paternalism(921c622e-cf37-4d34-8dd1-3a08a390f463).html.
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This thesis addresses the question, when should we administer compulsory medical treatment? According to most contemporary liberal philosophers, if a person is making an autonomous choice not to have medical treatment, it would always be wrong to administer compulsory medical treatment. This thesis denies this view. It argues that there are a number of cases in which we should administer compulsory medical treatment, even if the person chooses, under ideal conditions, not to have medical treatment. The thesis tackles this issue by analyzing the nature of wellbeing, the value of autonomy, and the wrongness of paternalism. The thesis employs reasons as the basic normative unit, and argues that we should administer compulsory medical treatment if, and only if, (1) there is reason to administer compulsory medical treatment; and (2) there are no reasons not to administer compulsory medical treatment that defeat the reason to administer compulsory medical treatment. This provides the structure for the thesis, which is divided into two parts. The first part establishes that there is a reason to promote the value of wellbeing, and that from this it follows that, in many cases, there is a significant reason to administer compulsory medical treatment. The second part of the thesis examines and refutes a number of arguments that claim to provide reasons not to administer compulsory treatment, such as the argument that compulsory medical treatment is paternalistic. It concludes by briefly examining the practical implications of the arguments of the thesis.
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Thunström, Linda. "Food consumption, paternalism and economic policy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1654.
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The thesis consists of a summary and four papers, concerned with food consumption, behavior associated with overconsumption of food and analysis of the economic policy reforms designed to improve health.
Paper [I] estimates a hedonic price model on breakfast cereal, crisp bread and potato product data. The purpose is to examine the marginal implicit prices for food characteristics associated with health. A trade-off exists between health and taste. For instance, sugar, salt and fat are tasty but can be unhealthy if overconsumed; whereas fiber is unhealthy if underconsumed. If the marginal implicit price for sugar is negative, consumers value health over its taste. Our results are the marginal implicit price for sugar is negative for breakfast cereals and crisp bread—consumers value health over the taste of sugar. For salt, we find the opposite—a positive marginal implicit price, suggesting people value its taste over health. For fat, we find a negative marginal implicit price of fat in breakfast cereals and potato products containing salt, whereas we find a positive marginal implicit price of fat in hard bread and potato products that contain no salt. For the one healthy characteristic, fiber, we find a negative marginal implicit price in breakfast cereals and a positive implicit price in hard bread.
Paper [II] uses a general equilibrium model to derive the optimal policy if people overconsume unhealthy food due to self-control problems. Individuals lacking self-control have a preference for immediate gratification, at the expense of future health. We show the optimal policy to help individuals with self-control problems to behave rationally is a combination of subsidies for the health capital stock and the physical capital stock.
Paper [III] estimates a demand system for grain consumption based on household panel data and detailed product characteristics, and simulate the effect on grain consumption of economic policy reforms designed to encourage a healthier grain diet. Our results imply it is more cost-efficient to subsidize the fiber content than to subsidize products rich in fiber given the goal to increase the fiber intake of the average Swedish household. Our results also imply subsidies alone give rise to an increase in fiber, and to other unhealthy nutrients. Also, subsidies alone have negative effects on the budget. We therefore simulate the effect of policy reforms in which the subsidies are funded either by taxes on the content of unhealthy nutrients or by taxes on products that are overconsumed. Our results suggest that price instruments need to be substantial to change consumption. For instance, removing the VAT on products rich in fiber has little effect on consumption.
Paper [IV] explores habit persistence in breakfast cereal purchases. To perform the analysis, we use a mixed multinomial logit model, on household panel data on breakfast cereal purchases. If habit persistence in consumption is strong, short and long-run responses to policy reforms will differ. Our results are breakfast cereal purchases are strongly associated with habit persistence. Our results also imply preferences for breakfast cereals are heterogeneous over households and the strength of habit persistence is similar over educational and income groups.
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Grill, Kalle. "Anti-paternalism and Public Health Policy." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi och teknikhistoria, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10947.
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This thesis is an attempt to constructively interpret and critically evaluate the liberal doctrine that we may not limit a person’s liberty for her own good, and to discuss its implications and alternatives in some concrete areas of public health policy. The thesis starts theoretical and goes ever more practical. The first paper is devoted to positive interpretation of anti-paternalism with special focus on the reason component – personal good. A novel generic definition of paternalism is proposed, intended to capture, in a generous fashion, the object of traditional liberal resistance to paternalism – the invocation of personal good reasons for limiting of or interfering with a person’s liberty. In the second paper, the normative aspect of this resistance is given a somewhat technical interpretation in terms of invalidation of reasons – the blocking of reasons from influencing the moral status of actions according to their strength. It is then argued that normative anti-paternalism so understood is unreasonable, on three grounds: 1) Since the doctrine only applies to sufficiently voluntary action, voluntariness determines validity of reasons, which is unwarranted and leads to wrong answers to moral questions. 2) Since voluntariness comes in degrees, a threshold must be set where personal good reasons are invalidated, leading to peculiar jumps in the justifiability of actions. 3) Anti-paternalism imposes an untenable and unhelpful distinction between the value of respecting choices that are sufficiently voluntary and choices that are not. The third paper adds to this critique the fourth argument that none of the action types typically proposed to specify the action component of paternalism is such that performing an action of that type out of benevolence is essentially morally problematic. The fourth paper ignores the critique in the second and third papers and proposes, in an anti-paternalistic spirit, a series of rules for the justification of option-restricting policies aimed at groups where some members consent to the policy and some do not. Such policies present the liberal with a dilemma where the value of not restricting people’s options without their consent conflicts with the value of allowing people to shape their lives according to their own wishes. The fifth paper applies the understanding of anti-paternalism developed in the earlier papers to product safety regulation, as an example of a public health policy area. The sixth paper explores in more detail a specific public health policy, namely that of mandatory alcohol interlocks in all cars, proposed by the former Swedish government and supported by the Swedish National Road Administration. The policy is evaluated for cost-effectiveness, for possible diffusion of individual responsibility, and for paternalistic treatment of drivers. The seventh paper argues for a liberal policy in the area of dissemination of information about uncertain threats to public health. The argument against paternalism is based on common sense consequentialist considerations, avoiding any appeal to the normative anti-paternalism rejected earlier in the thesis.QC 20100714
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Smith, Stephen William. "Autonomy, paternalism and physician-assisted suicide." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488070.
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Bullock, Emma Cecelia. "Informed consent and justified hard paternalism." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3400/.
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According to the doctrine of informed consent medical procedures are morally permissible when a patient has consented to the treatment. Problematically it is possible for a patient to consent to or refuse treatment which consequently leads to a decline in her best interests. Standardly, such conflicts are resolved by prioritising the doctrine of informed consent above the requirement that the medical practitioner acts in accordance with the duty of care. This means that patient free choice is respected regardless as to whether her choice leads to a decline in her best interests, since to disrespect patient choice would be an instance of ‘unwarranted’ paternalism. This thesis defends the claim that in cases where patient consent comes into conflict with her best interests, paternalistic interference is in fact justified. The ambition of the thesis is thus twofold: in the first place I argue that the doctrine of informed consent cannot be used as an ethical guarantor for medical decision making. Secondly I will conclude that hard paternalism is justified in medical practice, thereby calling for a reversal of the prioritisation of informed consent procedures over the medical practitioner’s duty of care.
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Thunström, Linda. "Food consumption, paternalism and economic policy /." Umeå : Department of Economics, Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1654.
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Frimannsson, Gudmundur Heidar. "Moral realism, moral expertise and paternalism." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14812.
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In this essay I examine the notion of moral objectivity of moral properties. Moral objectivity seems to be able to resist the arguments of subjectivists. There seem to be true moral sentences and moral facts can explain actions and occurrences in the world. Values seem best accounted for in objective terms and persons can have interests or good independently of their desires. It seems to be reasonable to think of the nature of moral value in terms of consequences. Knowledge requires truth so the objectivity of moral properties makes moral knowledge possible. Moral knowledge should be accounted for in similar terms as other kinds of knowledge. The major requirement on moral knowledge is coherence. Moral expertise is both possible and plausible and so are moral experts. Paternalism is possible because our values can conflict: autonomy can conflict with general welfare. Paternalism is making someone do what is in his own interest. This seems best thought of in terms of the consequences for his good. The justification of paternalistic interventions seems best based on the weighing of the consequences of the intervention and the decision of the agent. One thing which must be taken into this weighing is the rationality of the decision of the agent. Rationality is basically thought of as the maximization of good. Autonomy is part of everyone's good. It can conflict with the agent's general or overall welfare. But the importance of autonomy for every agent creates a presumption against paternalism. But paternalism can maximize autonomy and paternalism can be justified to secure some minimal autonomy. So paternalism and autonomy seem to be compatible.
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Cornejo, Amoretti Leandro. "John Stuart Mill and the paternalism issue." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118423.
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The present investigations study the John Stuart Mill thinking and his position towards paternalism justification, taking into account the harm principle elaborated in his book “On Liberty”. Two are the objectives of this paper. In first place, the anti - paternalist tesis sustained by this autor will be analyzed to identify deficiencies and limitations. In second place, it is sought to determine to what extent they actually opposed such interventions, to verify the accuracy of that somewhat extended belief that sees Mill a strong opponent of paternalism. It is concluded that the defects of Mill’s theses are explained in good account due to an excess of optimism in the capacities of human beings for self-regulation, a strong skepticism about the capacity of the State to achieve effective paternalistic measures, granting From an excessively strong and unrealistic weight to individual autonomy, among other erroneous considerations. It is also concluded that it is not correct to say that John Stuart Mill has maintained an extremely broad or almost absolute antipaternalistic thesis. Although his famous principle of harm makes it impossible to validate many measures of this nature, a more detailed review of his entire work shows that Mill admitted the validity of many interventions in adults.La presente investigación estudia el pensamiento de John Stuart Mill y su posición alrededor de la justificación del paternalismo, tomando en consideración el principio de daño elaborado en su obra “Sobre la libertad”. Dos son los objetivos de este trabajo. En primer lugar, se analizarán las tesis anti-paternalistas sostenidas por este autor para identificar sus deficiencias y limitaciones. En segundo lugar, se busca determinar hasta qué punto dichas tesis realmente se opusieron a dichas intervenciones, para verificar la exactitud de aquella creencia algo extendida que considera a Mill como un fuerte opositor del paternalismo. Se concluye que los defectos de las tesis de Mill se explican en buena cuenta debido a un exceso de optimismo en las capacidades de los seres humanos para la auto-regulación, un fuerte escepticismo sobre la capacidad del Estado para lograr medidas paternalistas efectivas, el otorgamiento de un peso excesivamente fuerte e irrealista a la autonomía individual, entre otras consideraciones erróneas. Asimismo se concluye que no es correcto afirmar que John Stuart Mill haya sostenido una tesis anti-paternalista sumamente amplia o casi absoluta. Si bien su famoso principio de daño permite excluir de validez a muchas medidas de dicha naturaleza, una revisión más detallada de toda su obra permite mostrar que Mill admitió la validez de muchas intervenciones en adultos.
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New, Bill. "Justifying state interventions : the case of paternalism." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/833/.
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Justifications for state interventions which seek to influence the consumption patterns of goods, services and activities are usually based on notions of equity or efficiency: the market either fails to offer a fair outcome in distributional terms or it fails to arrive at an efficient outcome in terms of aggregate welfare. But these justifications, implicitly and unintentionally, often incorporate elements which focus on the correction of another kind of failure: that of individual reasoning. They do this either because the concepts of equity and efficiency are invoked to justify state intervention beyond the analytic competence of these principles, or because support for specific public policies or institutions require additional principles to justify the particular form these institutions take. In short, justifications from equity and efficiency are underdetermined. But in order to support interventions which are at least partly correcting individual reasoning failure, we need a defensible theory of state paternalism. Existing discussions of paternalism fail to explain why the state should know better than the individual what is in his or her own best interests, even if it is acknowledged that individual reasoning can be sub-optimal. The thesis concludes with a discussion of criteria which do support the superior decision-making of the state in certain circumstances: where the benefits (or costs) of consumption are likely to occur a long period into the future; where direct experience of the particular form of consumption is problematic; and where technical complexities make judgement about appropriate consumption difficult. The thesis concludes with an analysis of some applications and implications of these proposals for state intervention in consumption.
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Clarke, Simon R. "State paternalism and the neutrality-perfectionism debate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4511622-3874-40c1-b7b1-a224a6546c53.
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The purpose of this thesis is to compare the paternalistic implications of two opposing political theories: neutrality and perfectionism. Neutrality holds that the state must not appeal to conceptions of the good as the justification for its decisions. Perfectionism rejects this constraint. Applied to paternalism, perfectionism makes it permissible for the state to appeal to a conception of the good when it acts paternalistically, that is, interferes with a person for his own good. Neutrality requires that paternalism must instead be guided by considerations that are in some sense neutral between various conceptions of the good. Perfectionism supports forcing people into worthwhile conceptions of the good. It provides motivation for a wider range of paternalistic policies than neutrality does. A number of perfectionist strategies for resisting this conclusion are examined. The first is to appeal to the value of autonomy as a component of well-being. Paternalism, some perfectionists argue, undermines the value of living an autonomous life. I try to show how various arguments for the value of autonomy, even if accepted, fail to rule out a wide range of paternalistic policies. A second strategy is to appeal to the endorsement constraint. According to this, a person's well-being cannot be advanced by forcing her into activities that she does not endorse as valuable. I argue that the endorsement constraint is not plausible in its strong form, and that whilst a weaker form is plausible, it allows a wide range of paternalism. A number of other strategies, such as appealing to the value of activity, claiming that many worthwhile activities require people to approach them with the right intentions for those activities to be for their own good, and that paternalism undermines trust in the government are examined and criticised. These difficulties do not mean that perfectionism should be rejected. But they do support setting aside conceptions of the good when the state acts paternalistically, whilst not necessarily ruling out perfectionism in non-paternalistic state action. This conclusion is strengthened in two ways. First, by taking Rawlsian contractualism as a method of elucidating neutrality, it is shown that neutrality supports a plausible principle of paternalism. Second, a number of recent attempts to set out necessary conditions for justified paternalism, such as that liberty must be balanced against wellbeing, that the consent of the patemalised is needed, and that the conduct must be nonvoluntary, are examined. The arguments for these conditions all suggest that neutrality is a necessary condition for justified paternalism. The conclusion of the thesis is two-fold. A conclusion about the neutralityperfectionist debate is that neutrality is required for paternalistic state action whilst perfectionism may be acceptable in the non-paternalistic sphere. A conclusion about state paternalism is that it is justified only if guided by neutral considerations.
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Thorseth, May. "Legitimate and illegitimate paternalism in polyethnic conflicts /." Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008430168&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Alberti, Corseri Lucrezia. "The capability approach: rescuing aid from paternalism." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/204570.
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The capability approach: a new evaluation of standards of living. The capability approach: conceptual foundations. Sen and his critics. Different versions of the capability approach. Application of the Capability Approach to the study of social phenomena: inequality and poverty. Development as the process of expansion of freedoms. The capability approach in the context of international development policies.
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Mornington, Alicia-Dorothy. "The limits of consent : liberalism and the challenge of harm to self." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0038.
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Ce travail porte sur le consentement à se nuire. L'état doit-il intervenir lorsque des individus consentent à ce qui parait leur être nocif? Cette question soulève la possibilité du paternalisme et de la neutralité de l'État. Le consentement de nuire est un point aveugle de la théorie libérale, et qui concerne en particulier le monde anglo-saxon. Si tous les pays sont concernés par cette question philosophique sérieuse, les Etats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni, du fait de leur héritage libertarien sont plus enclins à être affectés par cette question, la jurisprudence de ces pays en témoigne. Cette thèse interroge les fondements de la théorie libertarienne et libérale, en montrant les ambiguïtés de la notion de consentement. Elle fonde son analyse sur la jurisprudence contemporaine impliquant le consentement à se nuire, en construisant une approche casuistique au problème du consentement de la victime. Ce travail permet de faire une distinction entre deux types de cas: ceux où le consentement est motivé par les forces du marché - le consentement y est souvent contraint; et ceux où le consentement semble être tout à fait volontaire parce qu'il porte sur la sphère de l’intimeThis thesis focuses on consent to harm, and asks what happens when individuals consent to what appears to be harmful. This raises the possibility of paternalism and state neutrality. Consent to harm is a blind spot for liberal theory, and this issue concerns in particular the English-speaking world. If all countries are affected by this serious philosophical question, the US and the UK, because their libertarian tendencies are more prone to be affected by this question, as is visible in the jurisprudence. This work interrogates the premises of libertarian and liberal theory, by showing the ambiguities of the notion of consent. The analysis is based on contemporary jurisprudence involving consent to harm, and constructed on a casuistic approach to the problem of consent to harm. This methodology permits the author to distinguish between two types of cases: those in which consent is motivated by market forces, where consent is often incomplete and coerced; and those in which consent appears to be entirely voluntary because they take place in the intimate sphere
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Breman, Anna. "The economics of altruism, paternalism and self-control." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute (EFI), Stockholm School of Economics, 2006. http://www2.hhs.se/EFI/summary/698.htm.
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Schwartz, Lisa. "Paternalism and the rationality of submission to authority." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59902.
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CABRAL, GABRIEL. "INTUITIONS AND INSTITUTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES OF STATE PATERNALISM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27207@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Quando Michael Bloomberg, ex-prefeito de Nova York, propôs o limite para o tamanho de copos de refrigerantes vendidos em lanchonetes, críticos denunciaram o flagrante desrespeito à liberdade de escolha. Apoiadores do prefeito, por sua vez, alardearam os benefícios previstos à saúde da população. Esses valores inconciliáveis, liberdade versus bem-estar, abasteceram um debate sobre os limites do paternalismo de Estado. Recentemente, porém, baseados em evidências de falhas e vieses cognitivos diagnosticados por psicólogos e economistas comportamentais, Cass Sunstein e Richard Thaler sugeriram uma terceira via, o paternalismo fraco ou libertário, que aumentaria o bem-estar das pessoas sem eliminar opções de escolha: em vez de coerção, nudges sutis em direção a melhores decisões. Se, de um lado, o paternalismo fraco teve sucesso entre governantes, o mesmo sucesso não foi acompanhado dentro da academia: Sarah Conly o considerou pouco eficiente para ser uma alternativa ao paternalismo forte e liberais o consideraram contra a liberdade, mais especificamente contra um tipo de liberdade: a autonomia. Assim, chega-se à hipótese de que a rejeição ao paternalismo forte decorre da percepção da perda da liberdade em sentido negativo, ao passo que a rejeição ao paternalismo fraco decorre da percepção de perda de liberdade em sentido positivo ou autonomia. Com o intuito de testar esta hipótese, foram feitos diversos experimentos utilizando métodos da psicologia social. Os resultados dos experimentos corroboram com a hipótese, ao indicar a correlação entre crença em determinismo científico, que desafia a noção de autonomia e autodeterminação, e menor rejeição ao paternalismo fraco de Estado.
When Michael Bloomberg, former mayor of New York, proposed to limit the size of soft drink cups sold in cafeterias, critics denounced the flagrant disregard for freedom of choice. Supporters of the mayor, in turn, boasted the expected benefits to public health. These irreconcilable values, freedom versus well-being, heated a debate about the limits of state paternalism. Recently, however, based on evidences of cognitive failures and biases diagnosed by psychologists and behavioral economists, Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler suggested a third way, the weak or libertarian paternalism, which would increase people s well-being without eliminating options to choose from: in instead of coercion, subtle nudges toward better decisions. Although the weak paternalism was a success among governors, the same success was not followed within the academy: Sarah Conly considered it inefficient to be an alternative to the strong paternalism and liberals considered it against freedom, specifically against one type of freedom: autonomy. Thus, one comes to the hypothesis that the rejection of strong paternalism stems from the perception of loss of freedom in the negative sense, whereas the rejection of weak paternalism stems from the perception of loss of freedom in a positive sense or autonomy. In order to test this hypothesis, several experiments were ran using methods of social psychology. The results of the experiments corroborate the hypothesis by indicating the correlation between belief in scientific determinism, which challenges the notion of autonomy and self-determination, and less rejection of weak paternalism of state.
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Tesson, Yves. "« Histoire des politiques sociales d’une grande maison de champagne : la Maison Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin (1908-1964) »." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040098.
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C’est à travers une succession de crises rapprochées : le phylloxéra, les deux Guerres mondiales, la prohibition, la crise de 1929, les grèves de 1936, que s’est constitué dans le champagne un modèle social original. Celui-ci forme le fondement sur lequel l’ensemble des professionnels ont pu bâtir ensuite, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, leur prospérité. La Maison Veuve Clicquot de 1908 à 1964 représente une bonne illustration de ce phénomène. Au cours de cette période, elle met en place un large système de protection sociale pour ses ouvriers. Cette politique s’inscrit alors dans une stratégie de gestion de la main-d’œuvre visant à stabiliser une aristocratie ouvrière au sein de laquelle la culture du métier constitue un élément central. Cette politique sociale sait évoluer et s’adapter à la fois aux changements de la société et de la production. Ainsi, lorsque la mécanisation, mais aussi l’émancipation des travailleurs remettent en cause ce modèle établi, les dirigeants abandonnent le paternalisme pour se tourner vers des relations plus paritaires grâce à l’institution d’un système d’intéressement.Parallèlement à cette politique interne, les négociants développent des politiques sociales vers l’extérieur, au bénéfice de leurs fournisseurs. Il s’agit de fidéliser les vignerons livreurs en leur garantissant une stabilité économique en dépit des aléas importants sur la période des expéditions de champagne. On observe dans ce domaine la même évolution des relations du paternalisme vers une nouvelle forme de paritarisme que manifeste la constitution d’institutions interprofessionnelles de type corporatif. Dans leur genèse, la Maison Clicquot joue un rôle déterminantIt is throughout a great number of consecutive crises : the phylloxera, the two World Wars, Prohibition, the 1929 crisis, the 1936 strikes, that champagne built its original social model. This social model is the foundation on which the professionals were able to develop their business during the second part of the twentieth century. From 1908 to 196, Veuve Clicquot is a good illustration of this phenomenon. During this period, the firm created a social protection for its workers. This policy was part of a management plan which tried to maintain the stability of workers elite for whom the trade culture was a central aspect. This social policy was able to follow society and production shifts. For instance, when mechanization and workers emancipation appeared, throwing the model back into question, the executive gave away paternalism to introduce new joint relationships (between labor and management) thanks to the institution of a profit-sharing system.At the same time, the champagne houses developed external social policies that were beneficial for their suppliers, the wine growers. The stakes of these social policies were to secure their loyalty and to warrant them an economic stability despite the great variations of the market during the period of champagne sales. The same evolution from paternalism to a new kind of classless relationships, that can be observed in this field of activity, is demonstrated with the constitution of corporate interprofessional institutions. Veuve Clicquot played a decisive part in this setup
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Koepke, Cami. "Libertarian Paternalism and the Authority Of The Autonomous Person." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/134.
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Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler (2003, 2006, 2009) contend that the government is justified in shaping certain choices of individuals to advance their well-being. In this paper, I argue that those who are committed to a robust notion of autonomy, which I call autonomy as authority, have good reason to reject the Sunstein-Thaler (S/T) argument for libertarian paternalism. I draw from Joseph Raz’s (1990) idea of exclusionary reasons and Daniel Groll’s (2012) conception of autonomy to argue that the S/T argument for libertarian paternalism fails to respect autonomy. I consider if soft paternalism could be called upon as a foundation for libertarian paternalism, but argue against this possibility. I conclude that an adequate defense of libertarian paternalism would need to directly attack the notion of autonomy as authority, but such an attack has yet to be mounted by the defenders of libertarian paternalism.
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Bast, Robert James. "Honor your fathers: The emergence of a patriarchal ideology in early modern Germany." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186373.
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How did the domestic, ecclesiological and political treatises of the early modern era come to be dominated by the language of paternal authority? Hitherto scholars have attributed this phenomenon to Protestantism, characterized by married clerics dependent on the protection of governing powers. That view is challenged by a broad survey of catechetical literature, sermons, and government ordinances in Germany from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. Already in the thirteenth century, clerics were showing new interest in defining standards of conduct for the laity through the Ten Commandments. A narrow reading of the fourth commandment--Honor your Father and your Mother--came to serve as the rubric under which reformers in each subsequent age and all major confessions worked to shore up the authority of male leadership in the household, the Church, and the body politic. Priests and preachers promoted this program as an antidote to the turmoil caused by the plagues, war, rebellions and movements of reform that mark the end of feudal Europe. Though the program left its traces on each institution it was intended to shape, in the latter half of the sixteenth century it scored its most spectacular success: Protestant and Catholic rulers made the model of the disciplining father their own.
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Royce, Richard James. "Paternalism, poverty and education : an argument for compulsory education." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019726/.
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This thesis is an inquiry into whether the compulsory education of children is justifiable, and it considers arguments relating to education for both the good of the individual and the good of others. I begin with a discussion of paternalism and proceed from an examination of previous attempts at formulating an acceptable understanding of it to the construction of a view which I believe overcomes the shortcomings existing accounts are seen to possess. Following this, theories purporting to justify paternalism are inspected and a start is made on the task of identifying versions of pa te rnalist action and the justifications they require. In an effort to delve closer into just what individual well-being might comprise, this task is interrupted by an investigation into the post-reflective desire-satisfaction theories of John Rawls and J. P. White, and the view of an individual's good each defends. This line of thought in turn develops into a discussion of education for the good of those other than the individual and a resolution is suggested for the problem of weighing the individual's against others' good. This part of the debate borrows from and adapts Peter Singer's argument concerning an obligation to assist those in absolute poverty. It is useful because people living in poverty make demands upon our time, energy, and resources which must be ranked against any alternative preferred use of them in other outlets, including some education. A revised argument is presented and defended and linked to the earlier debate on paternalism to furnish simultaneously an overriding condition to be met by all justifiable paternalist activity, together with a means thought to be defensible of locating some compulsory education in efforts to combat absolute poverty throughout the world.
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Kilianson, Nicole, Annie Larsson, and Ramona Lindholm. "Empowerment- Paternalism. A study about Försäkringskassans tools and methods." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24971.
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Försäkringskassan har på sista tiden varit ett föremål för diskussioner i media. En stark negativ bild av myndighetens handläggare tenderar att framkomma ur mediala sammanhang. Samtidigt finns det en medvetenhet hos handläggarna kring vikten av att arbeta med hänsyn till individen. Studiens syfte är att studera de redskap och arbetssätt som används av Försäkringskassans handläggare i arbetslivsinriktad rehabilitering utifrån ett empowermentperspektiv. Vi gjorde en kvalitativ studie som bygger på intervjuer med nio handläggare på Försäkringskassan som arbetar med sjukpenningsärende på enheten fördjupad utredning. Vår uppsats visar att handläggarna lägger vikt på individen i rehabiliteringen då faktorer som information, bemötande, motivation och delaktighet är centrala i arbetet med individen. Vidare visar uppsatsen att det finns en variation i handläggarnas sätt att använda sig av regelverket i syfte att hjälpa individen. Empowerment som arbetssätt var upp till var och en handläggare att använda sig av. Trots detta kunde vi se drag av empowerment hos de flesta handläggare.Authorities like Försäkringskassan have lately been discussed in the Swedish media. A negative picture has been painted about the personal administrative officers’ in media. Meanwhile there is awareness among the personal administrative officers about the importance of focusing on the individual. The study aimed to examine the tools and methods used by the personal administrative officers at Försäkringskassan working with vocational rehabilitation from an empowerment perspective. Our study is a qualitative study, build on interviews with nine personal administrative officers ‘who work with sickness compensation cases at the unit depth-investigation. Our paper shows that the personal administrative officers’ focus on the individual in the rehabilitation, factors like information, how the individual is treated by the personal administrative officers, motivation and participation are central in the work with the individual. The paper also shows that there is a variation in the personal administrative officers’ way of using the law in order to help the individual. Empowerment as a way of working was up to each personal administrative officer to use. Despite this, we could see the features of empowerment among most personal administrative officers.
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Sacha, James Cullen. "Father Knows Best: A Critique of Joel Feinberg's Soft Paternalism." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04142007-201857/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Andrew Altman, committee chair; Peter Lindsay, Timothy Renick, committee members. Electronic text (55 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).
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Purdy, Martin. "Westfield War Memorial Village : disability, paternalism and philanthropy, 1915-2015." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/89306/.
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Despite a growing amount of study into war-related disability, little research has been undertaken into the role played by the paternalistic philanthropists and volunteers who did so much to support the individuals directly affected. This thesis endeavours to go some way towards redressing the balance by using a bespoke community built for disabled veterans and their families after the First World War, The Westfield War Memorial Village in Lancaster, as a case study. Drawing largely on material held in Westfield’s privately held archive, as well as extensive contemporary interviews with tenants and trustees (past and present), their spouses, offspring, friends and relatives, the work explores the validity of the prevailing approach of many modern historians towards paternalistic processes: one that seeks to interlink it with adverse associations of social control, political manipulation and middle class do-goodism. In order to facilitate a more balanced and in-depth perspective, this thesis has embraced an ambitious timeline that has allowed for full consideration of the way different paternalistic themes have evolved over time at Westfield and ultimately contributed to the settlement’s longevity.
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Begon, Jessica. "Policy without paternalism : a capability approach to legitimate state action." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5412/.
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There has long been a conflict at the heart of theories of distributive justice between a concern to allow individuals autonomy and avoid paternalism, on the one hand, and a concern to promote individual well-being, on the other. The capability approach attempts to tread this line, by providing individuals with certain central capabilities or opportunities: these preserve a space for individual freedom and choice, yet ensure that all individuals have access to those things that are considered central for a flourishing life. Further, ‘all individuals’ is meant expansively, aiming to accommodate the experiences and needs of many groups that are often ignored. However, the perfectionist roots of the capability approach have led to concerns being raised that it cannot successfully protect autonomy and promote inclusivity, and that it will, instead, justify paternalism. I contend that, in particular, Martha Nussbaum's influential account of capabilities falls prey to just this objection. In my thesis I defend a version of the capability approach that is strictly anti-paternalist, and accommodates a variety of non-standard human experiences. I argue that this focus on autonomy need not be bought at the expense of individual well-being, and that encompassing atypical experiences need not be bought at the expense of accommodating more standard conceptions of the good. I advocate an understanding of capabilities as opportunities to exercise control in certain domains of our life, in contrast to Nussbaum’s construal of capabilities as opportunities to perform (or not) particular valuable functionings. I test my theory against a number of cases that have traditionally provide challenging for anti-paternalists, and theorists of justice more generally – including physical disability, conditions such as asexuality and Asperger’s Syndrome, and voluntary slavery and amputation – to demonstrate that my theory is better able to accommodate such unusual preferences and needs, without paternalism.
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Reaves, Michael Leland. "Healthcare Inequality & Fraud Prevention: Paternalism Justified to Enable Choice." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579024.
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Under the newest health policy in the United States, The Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act, Medicaid expansions in consenting states enable low-income individuals to obtain health insurance. Part I provides an argument defending a positive duty to facilitate choice in health services. The section discusses the conflict in political theory on health inequity, and why an expansion of Medicaid is the most effective plan to improve the health status of America. Part II provides an argument to increase funding to government agencies responsible for prosecuting fraud, waste, and abuse in the healthcare sector. Every dollar of funding to healthcare fraud prevention yields an eightfold return, yet many argue for budget cuts to sustain other government programs. Well-funded agencies are necessary if the government wishes to recover the billions lost each year to criminal activity. One solution is a redirection of funds from wasteful sectors to more effective programs. Congress should choose to fund programs that produce better health and economic outcomes for the U.S. Paternalism is justified to enable choice in this sector by reducing healthcare inequality, improving health outcomes, and recovering funds typically forfeited to criminals.
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Freedman, Margot. "Paternalistic tort law." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1425588.
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Torsson, Michael. "När vi behöver skyddas från oss själva(?) : Paternalism, autonomi och rättigheter." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53973.
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I den här uppsatsen diskuteras begreppet paternalism så som det används av Danny Scoccia och Joel Feinberg. Särskilt fokus ligger vid hur man bör definiera mjuk och hård paternalism. Begreppen är viktiga då de är centrala om man vill diskutera kopplingen mellan moral och politik. I denna uppsats är huvudfokus på de moraliska begränsningarna av vad man bör stifta lagar om men det uppstår oundvikligen paralleller till moraliska överväganden av mer privat karaktär. Även om uppsatsen inte lägger fram några argument som slutgiltigt avgör diskussionen bemöts ett antal argument mot Feinbergs teori och stark kritik framförs mot det av Scoccia föreslagna alternativet till definitioner.
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Gratton, David John. "Paternalism, politics and estate management : the fifth Earl Fitzwilliam (1786-1857)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310792.
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Jackson, P. W. "Industrial paternalism in the Welsh tinplate trade in the nineteenth century." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373592.
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Scholz, Mark T. "Paternalism and the construction of cités ouvrières in France, 1848-1914 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10386.
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Packer, Jonathan M. B. A. Sloan School of Management. "The ethics of labor automation : AI, technological disenfranchisement, and libertarian paternalism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122399.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-83).
The capitalist economic landscape constantly reinvents itself to capture new value opportunities, in an endless innovative process of what Joseph Schumpeter called "creative destruction"'. Its next major event, hastened by the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the emergence of highly accurate predictive behavioral data, is likely to assert itself in the labor economy. Labor costs often constitute the majority of a firm's operating expenses; indeed, the average wage share in highly developed nations currently hovers around 60% of GDP 2. Labor-automating technology is, for this reason, both anticipated and feared - the productivity enhancements of its adoption are likely to re-allocate trillions of dollars of revenue globally. Nevertheless, even in labor markets most susceptible to automation, Al is unlikely to completely replace any roles.
Instead, its application will happen selectively in a process of human-machine teaming: fragmenting a single workflow into automation-feasible functions executed by machine intelligence, and a remainder of technically infeasible functions performed by a human worker. This technology also promises to radically transform organizations, replacing limited, reactive, human managerial insights with behavioral analytics that anticipate and directly modify worker experience. This paper will explore the ethical and democratic tensions between disenfranchising automation, invasive behavioral analytics, and economic growth. It will survey the evolution of contemporary labor from early narratives, to the vanquished, neoclassical notion of rational homo economicus, the development of modern organization theory, and the organizational psychology of workflow automation.
Ultimately, it will consider the ethics of this transformation, its ramifications on corporate responsibility, and its threat to the worker and citizen's ever-shrinking creative franchise. The paper hypothesizes that the fragmentation of labor's creative discretion constitutes the total technological disenfranchisement of the worker, and its organizational automation ruptures the normal, reactive function of private, social, and democratic institutions. Through the lens of libertarian paternalism, or "choice architecture," it proposes a Third Way to correctively adapt to automation's inevitability. Drawing from this proposal and its survey of related theory, the paper suggests that former institutionalized labor norms have permanently deteriorated, and attempts to synthesize their replacement.
by Jonathan Packer.
M.B.A.
M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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Bomfim, Bruna Marcelle Cancio. "A autonomia para se prostituir em face do lenocínio." Faculdade de Direito, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/27463.
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BOMFIM, Bruna Marcelle Cancio. A autonomia para se prostituir em face do lenocínio. Dissertação (Mestrado). Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2018. VERSAO FINAL.pdf: 537999 bytes, checksum: bd68b547ced665cb75cb20ab0a50449f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-09-24T17:15:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BOMFIM, Bruna Marcelle Cancio. A autonomia para se prostituir em face do lenocínio. Dissertação (Mestrado). Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2018. VERSAO FINAL.pdf: 537999 bytes, checksum: bd68b547ced665cb75cb20ab0a50449f (MD5)
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Considerando que mesmo após a reforma legislativa que alterou o bem jurídico tutelado, migrando a antiga proteção penal dedicada aos costumes para a dignidade sexual, remanescem figuras típicas que desconsideram a vontade da vítima para exercer a prostituição e criminalizam todas as atividades ao seu entorno, nomeadas de lenocínio. Considerando, ainda, que tais incriminações ampliam a invisibilidade e a reprovabilidade social que recaem sobre a prostituição, de forma que prejudicam o exercício de sua atividade, obrigando-as a se lançarem às ruas sem qualquer rede de apoio, a despeito da licitude do comércio sexual. Tendo em vista, nesse sentido, que a criminalização do lenocínio se insere em um direito penal de cariz liberal cuja função reside na tutela de bens jurídicos e no respeito à autonomia individual, em especial aos valores da autodeterminação e da autenticidade sexual, por preencherem o conteúdo da dignidade sexual. Objetiva-se verificar os limites da intervenção penal nos crimes de lenocínio no caso da intermediação da prostituição exercida por pessoas maiores e capazes. Para tanto se procederá à investigação dos fundamentos para a criminalização do lenocínio, considerando-o integrante do gênero dos crimes sexuais, do ponto de vista discursivo, ético, jurídico e político. Em seguida, serão apresentadas as razões postas à limitação do poder punitivo em um Estado democrático de direito, cuja tradição jurídica liberal por meio da teoria do bem jurídico, afasta o moralismo e o paternalismo jurídico-penal em respeito às liberdades, nos limites dos interesses legítimos de um ramo público do direito, ademais serão investigadas as formas de consideração da vítima nessa seara, com a finalidade de demarcar sua proteção e o espaço intangível de sua autonomia individual. Por fim, tomando a dignidade sexual como vetor interpretativo, pretende-se demonstrar que a vontade para se prostituir exercida por pessoas maiores e capazes é apta à afastar a tipicidade dos crimes de lenocínio nos casos em que não houver indevida exploração sexual indevida, ou seja, aquela que afete a autonomia e a vulnerabilidade.
Considering that even after the legislative reform that changed the legal protection, migrating the criminal protection dedicated to moral to the figure of sexual dignity, there remain crimes that disregard the will of the victim to prostitution and criminalizes all activities around, named pimping. Considering also that these incriminations amplify the invisibility and social reprobability that fall on prostitution, in a way that hinders the exercise of their activity, forcing them to take to the streets without any support network, in spite of the lawfulness of commerce sexual. Finally, in view of the fact that the Brazilian State is based on the protection of freedoms and is inserted in a liberal legal tradition since the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution. It is intended to answer the question of how to equate the criminalization of pimping with the autonomy to prostitute. For this purpose, the objective is to verify the limits of the criminal intervention in the crimes of pimping in the case of the intermediation of prostitution exercised by bigger and able people. In order to do so, we will investigate the grounds for the criminalization of pimping, considering it to be part of the sex crimes genre, from a discursive, ethical, legal and political point of view. Next, the reasons given for the limitation of punitive power in a democratic State of law, whose liberal legal tradition by means of the theory of legal good, will remove morality and criminal-legal paternalism with respect to freedoms, within the limits of the interests legitimate aspects of a public law branch, in addition to investigating the victim's consideration in this area, in order to demarcate their protection and the intangible space of their individual autonomy. Finally, by taking sexual dignity as an interpretive vector, it is intended to demonstrate that the will to prostitute exercised by larger and capable persons is capable of removing the typical pimping crimes in cases where there is no undue sexual exploitation, in other words, the one that affects autonomy and vulnerability.
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Larsson, Kristin, and Jonas Stålebring. "Funktionshindrade brukare om mötet med professionella hjälpare : En uppsats om stigmatisering och makt." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-66305.
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Sandström, Vidar. "Att Vårda den Vägrande : The Project of Reconciliation och Paternalism Inom Sjukvård." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184227.
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Många motståndare till paternalism har försökt hitta icke-paternalistiska motiveringar för policys som de anser vara försvarbara. Detta har kulminerat till ett ”project of reconcilliation” som menar att förespråka och försvara vissa till synes paternalistiska policys utan att acceptera paternalism. Denna uppsats har till syfte att undersöka, framför allt, tre av dessa möjliga icke-paternalistiska motiveringar, specifikt i förhållande till tvångsvård – ”the psychic harm argument”; autonomi som intrinsikalt värdefullt, och fall av ofrivillighet eller mjuk paternalism. Denna uppsats menar att visa att tvångsvård inte alltid går att motivera icke-paternalistiskt, och att dessa anti-paternalistiska motiveringar lider av vissa stora brister som gör de svåra att acceptera som tillfredsställande, och därmed att ”the project of reconcilliation” misslyckas.Many opponents of paternalism have tried to find non-paternalistic justifications for policies that they consider justifiable. This has culminated in a "project of reconciliation" that means to advocate and defend some paternalistic policies without accepting paternalism. The purpose of this essay is to examine, in particular, three of these possible non-paternalistic motivations, specifically in relation to compulsory care - "the psychic harm argument", autonomy as intrinsically valuable, and cases of involuntariness or soft paternalism. This thesis aims to show that compulsory care cannot always be motivated by non-paternalism, and that these anti-paternalistic motivations suffer from certain major shortcomings that make them difficult to accept as satisfactory, and thus that “the project of reconcilliation” fails.
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Mastro, Puccio Fernando del. "Shadow Government: unconscious motivations in our critiques to Paternalism from Carl Jung." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116703.
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With the present paper we seek to use Carl Jung´s theoretical approach to the “Projection of the Shadow” as a framework to reveal posible unconscious motivations in our critiques to the Government´s paternalistic attitudes and regulations. Our proposal is that certain aspects of ourselves as individuals and society, which we do not like and do not accept (our Shadow), are seen exclusively as attributable to the Government. We argue that this unconscious dynamic limits our understanding of ourselves and prevents us to comprehend the essence of paternalism, both in our relation with the Government and in our daily life. We do not intend to discuss the logical or empirical validity of the arguments against this form of Government but to point out that those arguments might be influence by unconscious motivations.El presente artículo busca utilizar el marco teórico de Carl G. Jung, referido a la proyección de la sombra, para dar cuenta de posibles motivaciones inconscientes presentes en nuestras críticas al estado paternalista. La propuesta central es que ciertos aspectos y características propios, los cuales no nos gustan y, por ende, no comprendemos ni aceptamos como nuestros (aspectos sombríos), son vistos de modo exclusivo en el Estado. Lo criticamos, entonces, por aquello que no aceptamos en nosotros mismos, reflejando en él nuestra propia sombra. Consideramos que esta dinámica es problemática, en tanto limita nuestra comprensión de nosotros mismos, de nuestro vínculo con el Estado y de la esencia del paternalismo. Como advertimos en el texto, este artículo no busca reflexionar sobre la validez de las críticas desde un punto de vista argumentativo o empírico, sino que pretende, tan solo, postular la existencia de motivaciones inconscientes en ellas.
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Sandell, Janet Mary. "Persistent paternalism : an ethnography of social change in a post-apartheid village." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22411.
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Bibliography: pages 177-190.This ethnographic study of Nieu Bethesda, a village in the Eastern Cape district of South Africa, is the product of a total of five months of fieldwork. The research was conducted between 1993 and 1995, a period that spanned the first democratic elections in South Africa in 1994. The ethnography explores the effects of apartheid on life in Nieu Bethesda. It traces the dynamic interactions between social life and worldviews as these were manifested in the village. Geographically isolated, and to a large extent cut off from mainstream politics, the processes and effects of apartheid in this village have taken an idiosyncratic form. The research suggests that racial stratification has been remarkably resilient throughout the history of the village. Such stratification must be understood in terms of ideas shaped both during and before the apartheid era, rather than solely in terms of state action or the violence of apartheid. Ideologies of segregation have found their expression in paternalistic practices on the part of Whites, and the relations of dependence thus generated may account for the apparent lack .of overt opposition to apartheid. However, the thesis acknowledges the multiplicity of voices in the village, and negates the notion of a shared set of ideas and values sanctioned by the population of Nieu Bethesda. Subtle change has taken place in the 1990s, only some of which is attributable to the demise of apartheid. In addition, factors such as the provision of electricity and a dramatic increase in tourism have reduced the isolation of the village, and networks of mutual support link the people of Nieu Bethesda with other parts of South Africa. It is suggested that change in the foreseeable future is more likely to originate from the increased communication that such networks make possible, than from changes in legislation, or improvements in material conditions, resulting from development projects.
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Reeves, Stephanie Lauren. "When compassion leads to paternalism: How empathy can create perceptions of incompetence." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1493739379598356.
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Pope, Bingham Graves. "The demise of industrial paternalism : the case of southern textiles, 1880-1940 /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040250/.
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Goldberg, Marion. "What Paternalism Suggests we Should do About Marijuana in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2012.
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This thesis provides a framework to understand and apply the philosophical principles of paternalism to determine the most reasonable actions states can take in regard to marijuana legalization. As matters currently stand in U.S. policy, states must decide whether they will prohibit, decriminalize, or legalize marijuana. First, I will give a brief history of marijuana regulations and societal perceptions in the United States. Second, I will define and differentiate concepts of illegalization, decriminalization, and legalization from one another. Third, I will summarize and analyze Joel Feinberg and Sarah Conly's arguments against and for paternalism, respectively. I will conclude by applying the strengths of each philosopher's arguments with respect to the marijuana debate to offer a policy that is both just and effective.
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Simões, Mauro Cardoso 1973. "Liberdade e paternalismo segundo John Stuart Mill : uma analise das teses de On Liberty." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280419.
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Orientador: João Carlos Kfouri Quartim de MoraesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: John Stuart Mill é considerado neste trabalho um dos representantes mais significativos do utilitarismo. Suas idéias são tomadas como as mais inspiradoras e aquelas que contribuíram decisivamente para a construção de um utilitarismo matizado, qualificado e mesmo inovador. Mill, ao contrário do que alegam seus detratores, possuía, desde sua crise mental, uma capacidade extraordinária para abrigar as mais diversas tendências filosóficas de seu tempo, o que motivou grande parte das críticas que lhe foram dirigidas. Duas destas críticas a que se reporta neste trabalho é aquela empreendida por Henry John McCloskey e Gertrud Himmelfarb, sendo que esta entende ser Mill um porta-voz das idéias de seu pai, James Mill e de sua esposa Harriet Taylor, e que por ter abrigado idéias tão díspares em seu pensamento, teria acabado por se tornar ambíguo e defensor de teses contraditórias. Mais do que refutar tal interpretação analisa-se, aqui, as perspectivas que mobilizaram Mill, particularmente nas duas obras que circunscrevemos como exigência para o tratamento das reflexões do filósofo britânico: On Liberty e Utilitarianism. Considera-se, aqui, que Mill possui uma coerência nos temas a que se refere constantemente, quais sejam, a preocupação com o ideário utilitarista e com sua defesa da liberdade civil e dos direitos entendidos como prima facie. Esta tese analisa, ainda, as principais contribuições dadas por Mill e defendidas em On Liberty. Tal defesa ressalta a preocupação com as noções de autonomia, auto-desenvolvimento e liberdade positiva, posicionando-se por uma leitura de Mill como um pensador que rechaça o paternalismo e declara sua mais controversa e ao mesmo tempo frágil intenção, a fundamentação do liberalismo sobre bases utilitaristas
Abstract: John Stuart Mill is considered in this work one of the most significant representatives of the utilitarianism. His ideas are taken as the most inspiring and those that had definitely contributed for the construction of a complex, qualified and even innovative utilitarianism. Mill, in contrast with what his detractors allege, possessed, since his mental crisis, an extraordinary capacity to shelter the most diverse philosophical trends of his time, what has motivated most of the critics against him. Two of the critics that he reports to in this work is the undertaken by Henry John McCloskey and Gertrud Himmelfarb, which seems to show Mill as the spokesman of the ideas of his father, James Mill, and of his wife Harriet Taylor, and for establishing such different ideas in his thought, he would end up becoming ambiguous and a defender of contradictory theses. More than refuting such interpretation it can be analyzed, here, the perspectives that had mobilized Mill, particularly in the two works that we circumscribe as requirement for treating the reflections of the British philosopher: On Liberty and Utilitarianism. It is considered, here, that Mill possesses a harmony in the subjects he constantly refers as, whatever they are, the concern with the utilitarian idealism and with his defense of the civil freedom and of the known as prima facie. This thesis analyzes, still, the main contributions provided by Mill and defended in On Liberty. Such defense enhances the concern with the notions of autonomy, self-development and positive liberty, locating itself for a reading of Mill as of a thinker who rejects paternalism and declares its most controversial and at the same time fragile intention, the establishment of liberalism over utilitarian basis
Doutorado
Filosofia Politica
Doutor em Filosofia
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Costa, Luciano Rodrigues. "Trabalhadores em construção = mercado de trabalho, redes sociais e qualificações na construção civil." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281019.
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Orientador: Thomas Patrick DwyerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a natureza das qualificações profissionais, as redes sociais e o mercado de trabalho no setor da Construção Civil, mais especificamente, no subsetor Edificações Habitacionais. Partimos do pressuposto de que o setor é portador de uma especificidade no que diz respeito ao processo de trabalho, marcado por contingências que induzem a uma grande variabilidade, flexibilidade e, sobretudo, a uma descontinuidade do processo produtivo, o que traz como conseqüência uma elevada instabilidade. Tais especificidades se articulam e se alimentam de fluxos particularmente complexos e instáveis de mão-de-obra, as quais se caracterizam por uma lógica de extrema flexibilidade. Levantamos a hipótese de que a execução de trabalho no setor possui uma forte dependência dos saberes de ofício, o que Induz certa autonomia do trabalhador. Tal fato faz com que o setor, visando a uma gestão eficiente e a um controle eficaz sobre o processo de trabalho, desenvolva, paralelamente aos mecanismos institucionalizados do mercado, proteções informais para o estabelecimento de relações de lealdade e de confiança com os trabalhadores. A partir de pesquisas etnográficas de dois canteiros de obras no Brasil e um na França, em uma perspectiva comparativa destacamos: a sociabilidade dos trabalhadores, as formas dos contratos, as redes sociais informais e o cotidiano dos trabalhos. As redes sociais informais se estruturam através de fortes laços de solidariedade nos quais se destacam as relações familiares, as de vizinhança, as de etnia no caso francês, as de identificação comunal (mesma cidade de origem), as de identificação religiosa, enfim, são laços fortes que visam a minimizar os efeitos da enorme vulnerabilidade a que estão submetidos os trabalhadores. Demonstramos que o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos na Construção Civil, subsetor edificações é garantido a partir de estratégias que misturam vínculos pessoais, paternalismo, pagamento por produção em um contexto de transformação vivenciado pelo setor. As relações paternalistas expressam-se tanto nas formas de recrutamento, via redes sociais informais, quanto no processo de aprendizagem e nas remunerações por produtividade. Constatamos também que o processo de racionalização de um dos canteiros, apesar de percebido como positivo pelos trabalhadores, apresenta dificuldades em sua aplicabilidade técnica, fazendo com que a gestão dos trabalhos apresente ainda características similares aos dos canteiros artesanais. Analisamos, por fim, as relações sociais envolvidas no processo de aprendizagem dos ofícios do setor. A partir das observações constatadas em campo, mostramos as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos trabalhadores na aprendizagem e no processo de reconhecimento dos saberes de ofício
Abstract: This thesis aims to analyse the nature of professional qualifications, networks and labour market in the Construction industry and, more specifically in its housing sub-sector. We start with the assumption that the sector has a certain specificity in relation to its work processes, work is marked by contingencies which induce a large degree of variety, flexibility and above all discontinuity in the productive process, one of the consequences of which is instability. These specificities articulate and feed on particularly complex and unstable flows of personnel which are characterised by a logic of extreme flexibility. We formulate the hypothesis that the execution of work in the sector depends greatly on the knowledge of the trade in question, and this produces a degree of autonomy for the workers. This means that the sector, in the search for efficient management and efficacious control of the work process, develops, in parallel with institutionalised market mechanisms, informal protections through the establishment of relations of loyalty and confidence with the workers. On the basis of ethnographic research in two Brazilian and one French construction site, conducted within a comparative perspective, we pay special attention to: the workers' sociability, the forms of contracts, informal social networks and the day-to-day lives of workers. The informal social networks structure themselves through strong links of solidarity in which family, neighbourhood, and (particularly in France) ethnic relations play important roles, to which we add originating from the same city or having the same religion. In other words, strong links serve to minimise the high levels of vulnerability faced by these workers. We demonstrate that the execution of work in the construction industry, and particularly in the housing sub-sector, is guaranteed by strategies which mix personal relations, paternalism, piece working systems in the context of transformation. Paternalist relations are found in the recruitment of workers via informal social networks, as well as in the training system and piecework payments. We discovered that the rationalisation process in one of the sites researched, in spite of being seen as positive by the workers, exhibited technical difficulties with regards implementation, meaning that the management of the labour force still showed characteristics of craftwork. Finally, we analysed the social relations involved in the training process whereby sector-specific skills were learnt. From observations in the field, we showed the difficulties faced by workers both with regards to both training and having their specific skills recognised
Doutorado
Sociologia do Trabalho
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Tesson, Yves. "« Histoire des politiques sociales d’une grande maison de champagne : la Maison Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin (1908-1964) »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040098.
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C’est à travers une succession de crises rapprochées : le phylloxéra, les deux Guerres mondiales, la prohibition, la crise de 1929, les grèves de 1936, que s’est constitué dans le champagne un modèle social original. Celui-ci forme le fondement sur lequel l’ensemble des professionnels ont pu bâtir ensuite, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, leur prospérité. La Maison Veuve Clicquot de 1908 à 1964 représente une bonne illustration de ce phénomène. Au cours de cette période, elle met en place un large système de protection sociale pour ses ouvriers. Cette politique s’inscrit alors dans une stratégie de gestion de la main-d’œuvre visant à stabiliser une aristocratie ouvrière au sein de laquelle la culture du métier constitue un élément central. Cette politique sociale sait évoluer et s’adapter à la fois aux changements de la société et de la production. Ainsi, lorsque la mécanisation, mais aussi l’émancipation des travailleurs remettent en cause ce modèle établi, les dirigeants abandonnent le paternalisme pour se tourner vers des relations plus paritaires grâce à l’institution d’un système d’intéressement.Parallèlement à cette politique interne, les négociants développent des politiques sociales vers l’extérieur, au bénéfice de leurs fournisseurs. Il s’agit de fidéliser les vignerons livreurs en leur garantissant une stabilité économique en dépit des aléas importants sur la période des expéditions de champagne. On observe dans ce domaine la même évolution des relations du paternalisme vers une nouvelle forme de paritarisme que manifeste la constitution d’institutions interprofessionnelles de type corporatif. Dans leur genèse, la Maison Clicquot joue un rôle déterminantIt is throughout a great number of consecutive crises : the phylloxera, the two World Wars, Prohibition, the 1929 crisis, the 1936 strikes, that champagne built its original social model. This social model is the foundation on which the professionals were able to develop their business during the second part of the twentieth century. From 1908 to 196, Veuve Clicquot is a good illustration of this phenomenon. During this period, the firm created a social protection for its workers. This policy was part of a management plan which tried to maintain the stability of workers elite for whom the trade culture was a central aspect. This social policy was able to follow society and production shifts. For instance, when mechanization and workers emancipation appeared, throwing the model back into question, the executive gave away paternalism to introduce new joint relationships (between labor and management) thanks to the institution of a profit-sharing system.At the same time, the champagne houses developed external social policies that were beneficial for their suppliers, the wine growers. The stakes of these social policies were to secure their loyalty and to warrant them an economic stability despite the great variations of the market during the period of champagne sales. The same evolution from paternalism to a new kind of classless relationships, that can be observed in this field of activity, is demonstrated with the constitution of corporate interprofessional institutions. Veuve Clicquot played a decisive part in this setup
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Treviño, Ethan. "Patriarchy on the gallows." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Theses/TREVINO_ETHAN_34.pdf.
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Utbult, Thomas. "Är Folkhälsoinstitutet paternalistiskt? : – en undersökning av Folkhälsoinstitutets alkoholpublikationer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26643.
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Swedish Institute of public health care uses paternalistic information in their alcohol publications. My intention has also been to examine to what extent the paternalistic information is being used. This is determined simply by how frequently paternalistic information is found in the publications. I chose to analyse five publications that contain alcohol related information and had a clear motive. My results show that all five publications use paternalistic methods with the intention to change readers, or people in their surroundings, alcoholic behaviour. Though this is quite a small essay, I have suggested extended research of the subject – preferably of all 176 alcoholic publications presented by the Institute of public health care.