Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paternalism

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Paternalism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Paternalism"

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Drerup, Johannes. "What Exactly (If Anything) is Wrong with Paternalism Towards Children?" Philosophical Inquiry in Education 24, no. 4 (July 27, 2020): 348–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1070691ar.

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Theoretical and practical issues concerning the justification of paternalism towards children are widely debated in a variety of philosophical contexts. The major focus of these debates either lies on questions concerning the general legitimacy of paternalism towards children or on justifications of paternalism in concrete situations involving children (e.g. in applied ethics). Despite the widespread consensus that the legitimacy of educational paternalism in important respects hinges on its principled, temporal and domain-specific limitation (e.g., via a soft-paternalist strategy), surprisingly little has been said about conditions and criteria that determine what exactly (if anything) is morally wrong with paternalism towards children. This contribution aims to further the understanding of these normative issues by providing a critical analysis of the theoretical and methodological difficulties involved in developing context-invariant criteria for the identification of specific wrong-making features of paternalist rationales and paternalistically justified practices in cases involving children. I am going to show that the moral status of pro- and anti-paternalist reasons is much more context-sensitive than usually assumed by proponents of standard generalist justificatory strategies. In conclusion my argument is that a moral particularist and casuistic framework may offer an adequate theoretical alternative to make sense of the context-dependent wrongs (and rights) of educational paternalism.
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Groll, Daniel. "PATERNALISM, DISAGREEMENTS, AND THE MORAL DIFFERENCE." American Philosophical Quarterly 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45128643.

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Abstract Cases of paternalism usually involve disagreement between the paternalist and the paternalized subject. But not all the disagreements that give rise to paternalism are of the same kind and, as a result, not all instances of paternalism are morally on a par. There is, in other words, a moral difference between different kinds of paternalism, which can be explained in terms of the nature of the disagreements that give rise to the paternalism in the first place. This paper offers a novel account of how to characterize the nature of these disagreements such that we can explain this moral difference.
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Hausman, Daniel M. "BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS AND PATERNALISM." Economics and Philosophy 34, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267117000244.

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Abstract:Contemporary behavioural economics has documented common failures of reasoning that apparently make possible policies that benefit individuals by contravening or correcting their judgements. These policies appear to be paternalistic, even though a traditional view would deny that they are paternalistic on the grounds that policies such as nudges do not restrict individual liberty. It appears to many that a new definition of paternalism that takes its cue from behavioural economics is needed. Furthermore, if one revises the definition of paternalism, one must revisit traditional views concerning whether paternalist policies are wise. In Government Paternalism, Julian Le Grand and Bill New make a valuable start, although some corrections are needed. This essay provides a general setting for revising the definition of paternalism and suggests a revised definition of paternalism.
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RYAN, SHANE. "Paternalism: An Analysis." Utilitas 28, no. 2 (July 20, 2015): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820815000254.

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In this article I argue for a particular analysis of paternalism. I start by examining Dworkin's conditions for the paternalist act and make a case for alternative conditions. I argue that the paternalist actor acts irrespective of what she believes the wishes of the target of her action are and the paternalist actor acts because she has a positive epistemic standing that the act may or will improve the welfare of the target of her action. I also argue that it is consistent with my analysis that there are paternalist acts that don't interfere with the autonomy of the object of the paternalist act. I describe some such acts and make the case that such acts, when they are paternalist acts, may be morally permissible and outline the factors that bear on their permissibility. Finally I locate my analysis in the literature by comparing it to a number of other accounts.
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Wray, David. "Paternalism and its Discontents: A Case Study." Work, Employment and Society 10, no. 4 (December 1996): 701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017096104005.

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This paper, presented in the form of a case study, argues that paternalism, as a form of worker control can, and does, exist as a contemporary tool of management. It provides a typology of paternalism and outlines the benefits for management that can be achieved through its use in the form of compliant and quiescent workers. It goes on to identify the problems that are experienced in maintaining the paternalist relationship and explores possible solutions to the problems of a workforce discontented with an employment relationship mediated by paternalism
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Calcott, Paul. "New on Paternalism." Economics and Philosophy 16, no. 2 (October 2000): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100000274.

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Individuals often seem to misjudge their own interests. One reason is inadequate information. Other reasons are failures of reasoning and volition. These reasons have all been construed as paternalist motives for the state to intervene. But in a recent article in this journal, New (1999), criticizes earlier accounts of paternalism. He argues that imperfect information constitutes a standard form of market failure, and consequently policies that respond to it do not require a paternalist motivation. The purpose of this note is to evaluate New's claim.
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Wedekind, Peter. "Paternalism: A Flawed Basis for Liberty-limiting Policies?" Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science 28, no. 3 (October 2021): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pc2021-3-293.

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This article discusses coercive paternalism, a concept of liberty-limitations that has gained significant attention in recent decades. In opposition to the libertarian type of paternalism proposed by the well-known ‘Nudgers’ Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein (2008), Sarah Conly (2013) advocates coercive interventions in Against Autonomy: Justifying Coercive Paternalism. Her influential work serves as a basis for scrutinizing the validity of coercive paternalism’s presuppositions as well as the internal coherence of the concept. Following the fundamental groundwork of especially Joel Feinberg and Gerald Dworkin, arguments against coercive paternalism are evaluated. They include the reciprocal (rather than unilateral) relationship between the ‘present self’ and the ‘future self’ in the paternalist’s account, the questionable legitimacy of punishment for self-harming behaviour and of coercion in general, the challenges of so-called ‘perfectionism’ and slippery-slopes, as well as a misconception about the alleged lack of rationality that serves as a justification for coercive paternalism. The article concludes by suggesting that – given the flaws of the concept – it may be reasonable to favour soft paternalism à la John Stuart Mill based on the harm principle over Conly’s proposal for a more extensive form of coercive paternalism.
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COFNAS, NATHAN. "Coercive paternalism and the intelligence continuum." Behavioural Public Policy 4, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2018.4.

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AbstractThaler and Sunstein advocate ‘libertarian paternalism’. A libertarian paternalist changes the conditions under which people act so that their cognitive biases lead them to choose what is best for themselves. Although libertarian paternalism manipulates people, Thaler and Sunstein say that it respects their autonomy by preserving the possibility of choice. Conly argues that libertarian paternalism does not go far enough, since there is no compelling reason why we should allow people the opportunity to choose to bring disaster upon themselves if sometimes they will make the wrong decision. She defends ‘coercive paternalism’. The present paper argues that errors in reasoning are not due only to cognitive biases. People also make errors because they have an insufficient level of general intelligence. Intelligence is distributed on a continuum. Those who fall on higher levels of the continuum have greater abilities, in certain contexts, to reason about both their own and others’ interests. Coercive paternalism may sometimes be appropriate to prevent less intelligent people from engaging in self-destructive behavior due to errors of reasoning.
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Surya Sagiro Batubara, Burhan Nurgiyantoro, and Widyastuti Purbani. "A DECONSTRUCTIVE READING TO FIND HOW PATERNALISM WORKS IN TEXTS FOR CHILDREN." Literature and Literacy 1, no. 2 (October 22, 2023): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/litlit.v1i2.73.

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This is a qualitative descriptive study with the aim to find out how paternalism works in 12 Indonesian folktales by applying Derrida’s deconstruction theory. Twelve folktales from children books that represents theme about moral ideology were chosen as the objects of this study. Data collection did by document analysis. Data analysis then conducted by doing Derrida’s deconstruction analysis as proposed by Barry that involves verbal, textual, and linguistic analysis with the aim to investigate how paternalism works and give significant meaning in the folktales. The results that the paternalism seems to explain about pure paternalisms since the ideology closely related to give explanations about father (men) who completely takes control over children and women (wife). Even though the controls seems to be considered as for good reasons, this study proves the the paternalism show limitation of freedom and also reflects autonomous violation over women and children. The paternalism explains about men domination in public and domestic institution that legalize men to have power over women and children in domestic affairs. The paternalism supports men domination in culture and social institution, that makes men have power in marital institution and make marital life as women’ purpose in life in the name of norm and value in society. The paternalism also explains boy preference in marital affairs that explained discrimination over children.
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BARNETT, MICHAEL N. "International paternalism and humanitarian governance." Global Constitutionalism 1, no. 3 (September 26, 2012): 485–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381712000135.

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AbstractThis article argues that paternalism is an organizing principle of the international humanitarian order. The international community is increasingly organized to preserve, protect, and promote human life, reflecting an ethics of care and impulse to intervene for the greater good. This mixture of care and control is captured by the concept of paternalism, which Gerald Dworkin famously defined as ‘the interference with a person’s liberty of action justified by reasons referring exclusively to the welfare, good, happiness, needs, interests or values of the person being coerced’. Paternalism is either present or dormant in many (if not nearly all) interventions that are designed for the betterment of people and the good of humanity. This article has four goals: 1) to reassess and examine the analytical power of this much maligned and misunderstood concept; 2) to consider the dimensions upon which paternalism varies in order to develop the concept’s value for empirical analysis; 3) to speculate how and why paternalism’s form has moved from ‘strong’ to ‘weak’ over the last hundred years; and, 4) to consider whether, why, and when paternalism might be legitimate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paternalism"

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Grill, Kalle. "Anti-paternalism." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Philosophy and History of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4065.

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This is a thesis about anti-paternalism – the liberal doctrine that we may not interfere with a person’s liberty for her own good. Empirical circumstances and moral values may certainly give us reason to avoid benevolent interference. Anti-paternalism as a normative doctrine should, however, be rejected.

Essay I concerns the definitions of paternalism and anti-paternalism. It is argued that only a definition of paternalism in terms of compound reason-actions can accommodate its special moral properties. Definitions in terms of actions, common in the literature, cannot. It is argued, furthermore, that in specifying the reason-actions in further detail, the notion of what is self-regarding, as opposed to other-regarding, is irrelevant, contrary to received opinion.

Essay II starts out with the definition of paternalism defended in essay I and claims that however this very general definition is specified, anti-paternalism is unreasonable and should be rejected. Anti-paternalism is the position that certain reasons – referring one way or the other to the good of a person, give no valid normative support to certain actions – some kind of interferences with the same person. Since the reasons in question are normally quite legitimate and important reasons for action, a convincing argument for anti-paternalism must explain why they are invalid in cases of interference. A closer look at the reasons and actions in question provides no basis for such an explanation.

Essay III considers a concrete case of benevolent interference – the withholding of information concerning uncertain threats to public health in the public’s best interest. Such a policy has been suggested in relation to the European Commission’s proposed new system for the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH). Information about uncertain threats to health from chemicals would allegedly spread anxiety and depression and thus do more harm than good. The avoidance of negative health effects is accepted as a legitimate and good reason for withholding of information, thus respecting the conclusion of essay II, that anti-paternalism should be rejected. Other reasons, however, tip the balance in favour of making the information available. These reasons include the net effects on knowledge, psychological effects, effects on private decisions and effects on political decisions.

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Jacobson, Martin. "Power, Paternalism and Libertarianism : Libertarian Paternalism – More than a Nudge." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377435.

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It is commonly believed that paternalism is at odds with libertarianism. Recent literature has suggested that there are forms of paternalism which are acceptable to libertarians: namely “nudging”, sometimes even referred to as “libertarian paternalism”. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to investigate the taxonomical question of how libertarianism, paternalism and nudging relate to each other. Secondly, to investigate whether, and if so when, paternalism is compatible with libertarianism. I argue that any action which is not coercive is compatible with libertarianism. Thus, any non-coercive paternalist action is compatible with libertarianism. I also argue that there are several paternalist action types, such as nudges, informing and incentivizing, which are not coercive, and thus are compatible with libertarianism.
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Phipps-Morgan, Ilona K. "Autonomy and Paternalism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/58.

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I wish to determine when one is justified in paternalistic interferences that override a subject’s autonomy. In order to lay the groundwork for discussing paternalistic interferences with autonomous decisions, I first consider different conceptions of autonomy, welfare, and paternalism, and determine which I mean to use. In particular, I proceed with Dworkin’s characterization of autonomy as a combination of authenticity and self-determination; Nussbaum’s capabilities theory in order to determine welfare; and a definition of paternalism as being an interference with a subject’s liberty or autonomy that is motivated exclusively by consideration for that subject’s own good or welfare. Once I have working definitions for autonomy, welfare, and paternalism, I consider arguments justifying paternalistic interferences. Because I especially wish to determine when paternalistic interferences that conflict with a subject’s autonomous decision are justified, I begin with Scoccia’s arguments for using hypothetical consent — which is based on what would maximize the subject’s welfare — to justify paternalistic acts. Using Scoccia’s argument, I consider a few cases in which concerns for welfare may justify paternalistic acts overriding the subject’s autonomy. However, hypothetical consent does not go very far in justifying paternalistic acts. Therefore, I also consider arguments justifying paternalism in cases where the subject is not necessarily fully autonomous when making or acting upon a decision. For example, Carter argues that paternalistic acts are justified if autonomy has been waived through prior or subsequent consent. Additionally, I look at justifying paternalism when the subject’s autonomy is compromised through involuntariness or incompetence.
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Wilson, Jane. "Paternalism re-examined." Thesis, Keele University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545750.

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Westwell-Roper, Yolande. "Autonomy and paternalism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:811ba39b-7535-4586-8089-91b8459c3bb5.

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The aim of the thesis is to develop a theory of autonomy-respecting paternalism which delineates an area of morally permissible paternalistic interference. Paternalism is defined as any infringement of a prima facie right to non-interference for the purpose of protecting or promoting the recipient's well-being. It is argued that autonomy involves not only liberty of action, but also the achievement of self-construction and self-control. The role of rational reflection in the achievement of self-construction is discussed at some length, and the importance of knowledge, including self-knowledge and moral sensitivity is emphasized. The right to non-interference is taken to be grounded in the intrinsic value of autonomy, and possession of a prima facie right to non-interference is extended to all beings with desires. This general right is discussed in terms of three rights of greater specificity: non-interference with actions, states, and opportunities. An account of the vehicle for alienation of the right to non-interference is developed in terms of a technical notion of subsequent approval. The principle of respect for autonomy is shown to be as applicable in paternalistic dealings with children as it is with adults, without this having counter-intuitive consequences in practice. It is also shown how far the paternalistic promotion of a recipient's well-being, understood as the satisfaction of informed desires, can be reconciled with the principle of respect for autonomy. Finally, the theory is applied to particular cases of paternalism in familial, medical, and legal contexts.
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de, Quintana Medina Júlia. "acceptability of nudges as public policy tools: a theoretical and empirical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671907.

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Aquesta tesi presenta una anàlisi teòrica i empírica de l’acceptabilitat dels nudges com a eines de política pública. La primera part de la tesi discuteix la caracterització dels nudges com a instruments de política pública, considerant qüestions conceptuals, ètiques i teòriques. La tesi revisa la noció original de nudge, les seves bases teòriques i empíriques i les principals crítiques en els dos sentits. Exposant els problemes amb la noció de nudge de Thaler i Sunstein, proposa una definició alternativa del concepte que defensa deixar de banda les connotacions i intencions normatives i centrar-se en el seu valor pràctic com a eina de política pública. La segona part inclou tres estudis empírics d’actituds cap als nudges: una enquesta representativa (n = 617, i = 3,88) de l’acceptabilitat pública dels nudges a Espanya, i dos estudis experimentals que exploren l’acceptabilitat de dos tipus de nudges, els nudges automàtics, que són menys perceptibles i funcionen sense deliberació o consciència, i els nudges reflexius que són perceptibles, inclouen deliberació i produeixen una resposta conscient. La part empírica aborda les qüestions discutides en el debat teòric i emfatitza que la discussió sobre l’acceptabilitat dels nudges en política pública ha de considerar la seva acceptabilitat pública i, en particular, quins nudges es prefereixen i en quins contextos s’accepta la seva implementació. Els resultats indiquen tres qüestions principals. En primer lloc, l’acceptabilitat pública dels nudges és alta, els ciutadans aproven l’ús de diferents nudges en diferents àmbits i no s’oposen categòricament a la seva implementació. En segon lloc, el tipus de nudge és important. Les persones reconeixen diferències entre nudges i tendeixen a preferir els nudges reflexius als nudges automàtics. Tanmateix, els resultats dels tres estudis indiquen que l’oposició a la implementació de nudges automàtics no és categòrica i es recolza el seu ús en diversos casos. En tercer lloc, l’acceptabilitat dels nudges automàtics depèn del context en què s’apliquen; les persones donen suport al seu ús quan estan d’acord amb el seu objectiu i quan afecten decisions en àmbits de baix risc. Per contra, s’oposen a la seva implementació quan afecten decisions en dominis d’alt risc, per exemple, quan es fan servir en decisions que involucren assumptes sensibles o morals o decisions que involucren pèrdues econòmiques. En general, la tesi explora arguments a favor i en contra de l’ús de nudges i ofereix idees sobre com poden ser eines útils i acceptables per a la formulació de polítiques públiques.
Esta tesis presenta un análisis teórico y empírico de la aceptabilidad de los nudges como herramientas de política pública. La primera parte de la tesis discute la caracterización de los nudges como instrumentos de política pública, con atención a cuestiones conceptuales, éticas y teóricas. La tesis revisa la noción original de nudge, sus bases teóricas y empíricas y las principales críticas en ambos sentidos. Exponiendo los problemas con la noción de nudge de Thaler y Sunstein, propone una definición alternativa del concepto que aboga por dejar de lado las connotaciones e intenciones normativas y centrarse en su valor práctico como herramienta de política pública. La segunda parte incluye tres estudios empíricos de actitudes hacia los nudges: una encuesta representativa (n = 617, e = 3,88) de la aceptabilidad pública de los nudges en España, y dos estudios experimentales que exploran la aceptabilidad de dos tipos de nudges, los nudges automáticos, que son menos perceptibles y funcionan sin deliberación o conciencia, y los nudges reflexivos que son perceptibles, incluyen deliberación y producen una respuesta consciente. La parte empírica aborda las cuestiones discutidas en el debate teórico y enfatiza que la discusión sobre la aceptabilidad de los nudges en política pública debe considerar su aceptabilidad pública y, en particular, qué nudges se prefieren y en qué contextos se acepta su implementación. Los resultados indican tres cuestiones principales. En primer lugar, la aceptabilidad pública de los empujones es alta, los ciudadanos aprueban el uso de diferentes nudges en diferentes ámbitos y no se oponen categóricamente a su implementación. En segundo lugar, el tipo de nudge es importante. Las personas reconocen diferencias entre nudges y tienden a preferir los nudges reflexivos a los nudges automáticos. No obstante, los resultados de los tres estudios indican que la oposición a la implementación de nudges automáticos no es categórica y, en varios casos, se apoya su uso. En tercer lugar, la aceptabilidad de los nudges automáticos depende del contexto en el que se apliquen; las personas apoyan su uso cuando están de acuerdo con su objetivo y cuando afectan decisiones en ámbitos de bajo riesgo. Por el contrario, su uso no está respaldado cuando afectan decisiones en dominios de alto riesgo, como decisiones que involucran asuntos sensibles o morales o decisiones que involucran pérdidas económicas. En general, la tesis explora argumentos a favor y en contra del uso de nudges y ofrece ideas sobre cómo los nudges pueden ser herramientas útiles y aceptables para la formulación de políticas públicas.
This thesis is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the acceptability of nudges as policy tools. The first part of the thesis discusses the characterisation of nudges as a policy instrument, paying attention to conceptual, ethical and theoretical issues. The thesis looks at the original notion of nudges, their theoretical and empirical bases and the main criticisms of both dimensions. It goes on to outline the problems with Thaler and Sunstein’s notion of nudges and proposes an alternative understanding of nudges, advocating dropping the normative connotations of nudges, and focusing on their practical value as a policy tool. The second part includes three empirical studies on attitudes towards nudges: a nationally representative survey (n= 617, e=3.88) of the public acceptability of nudges in Spain, and two experimental studies that explore the acceptability of two types of nudges, automatic nudges that are less noticeable, work with no deliberation and awareness, and reflective nudges that are noticeable, work by engaging deliberation and produce a more reflective response. The empirical part addresses some of the concerns discussed in the theoretical debate and emphasises that the discussion on the acceptability of nudges as policy tools should include considerations about whether people like nudges, which nudges they prefer and the contexts in which they accept their implementation. The results outline three main themes. Firstly, the public acceptability of nudges is high, people favour the use of different nudges applied to both pro-self and pro-social domains and the indication is that people do not categorically oppose nudges. Secondly, the type of nudge is important. People recognise differences between nudges and tend to preferer reflective nudges to automatic nudges. At the same time, the findings in the three studies indicate that people do not categorically oppose the implementation of automatic nudges and support their use in several cases. Thirdly, the acceptability of automatic nudges depends on the context in which they are applied; people support their use when they agree with the aim and when they affect behaviour in low-stake domains. By contrast, their use is not supported when they affect decisions in high-stake domains, such as decisions that involve sensitive or moral issues or decisions that involve economic losses. Overall, the thesis explores arguments in favour of and against nudges and offers ideas and conclusions to give an idea of how nudges could be useful and acceptable tools for policymaking.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Sociologia
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Birks, David. "Wellbeing, reasons, and paternalism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/wellbeing-reasons-and-paternalism(921c622e-cf37-4d34-8dd1-3a08a390f463).html.

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This thesis addresses the question, when should we administer compulsory medical treatment? According to most contemporary liberal philosophers, if a person is making an autonomous choice not to have medical treatment, it would always be wrong to administer compulsory medical treatment. This thesis denies this view. It argues that there are a number of cases in which we should administer compulsory medical treatment, even if the person chooses, under ideal conditions, not to have medical treatment. The thesis tackles this issue by analyzing the nature of wellbeing, the value of autonomy, and the wrongness of paternalism. The thesis employs reasons as the basic normative unit, and argues that we should administer compulsory medical treatment if, and only if, (1) there is reason to administer compulsory medical treatment; and (2) there are no reasons not to administer compulsory medical treatment that defeat the reason to administer compulsory medical treatment. This provides the structure for the thesis, which is divided into two parts. The first part establishes that there is a reason to promote the value of wellbeing, and that from this it follows that, in many cases, there is a significant reason to administer compulsory medical treatment. The second part of the thesis examines and refutes a number of arguments that claim to provide reasons not to administer compulsory treatment, such as the argument that compulsory medical treatment is paternalistic. It concludes by briefly examining the practical implications of the arguments of the thesis.
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Thunström, Linda. "Food consumption, paternalism and economic policy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1654.

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The thesis consists of a summary and four papers, concerned with food consumption, behavior associated with overconsumption of food and analysis of the economic policy reforms designed to improve health.

Paper [I] estimates a hedonic price model on breakfast cereal, crisp bread and potato product data. The purpose is to examine the marginal implicit prices for food characteristics associated with health. A trade-off exists between health and taste. For instance, sugar, salt and fat are tasty but can be unhealthy if overconsumed; whereas fiber is unhealthy if underconsumed. If the marginal implicit price for sugar is negative, consumers value health over its taste. Our results are the marginal implicit price for sugar is negative for breakfast cereals and crisp bread—consumers value health over the taste of sugar. For salt, we find the opposite—a positive marginal implicit price, suggesting people value its taste over health. For fat, we find a negative marginal implicit price of fat in breakfast cereals and potato products containing salt, whereas we find a positive marginal implicit price of fat in hard bread and potato products that contain no salt. For the one healthy characteristic, fiber, we find a negative marginal implicit price in breakfast cereals and a positive implicit price in hard bread.

Paper [II] uses a general equilibrium model to derive the optimal policy if people overconsume unhealthy food due to self-control problems. Individuals lacking self-control have a preference for immediate gratification, at the expense of future health. We show the optimal policy to help individuals with self-control problems to behave rationally is a combination of subsidies for the health capital stock and the physical capital stock.

Paper [III] estimates a demand system for grain consumption based on household panel data and detailed product characteristics, and simulate the effect on grain consumption of economic policy reforms designed to encourage a healthier grain diet. Our results imply it is more cost-efficient to subsidize the fiber content than to subsidize products rich in fiber given the goal to increase the fiber intake of the average Swedish household. Our results also imply subsidies alone give rise to an increase in fiber, and to other unhealthy nutrients. Also, subsidies alone have negative effects on the budget. We therefore simulate the effect of policy reforms in which the subsidies are funded either by taxes on the content of unhealthy nutrients or by taxes on products that are overconsumed. Our results suggest that price instruments need to be substantial to change consumption. For instance, removing the VAT on products rich in fiber has little effect on consumption.

Paper [IV] explores habit persistence in breakfast cereal purchases. To perform the analysis, we use a mixed multinomial logit model, on household panel data on breakfast cereal purchases. If habit persistence in consumption is strong, short and long-run responses to policy reforms will differ. Our results are breakfast cereal purchases are strongly associated with habit persistence. Our results also imply preferences for breakfast cereals are heterogeneous over households and the strength of habit persistence is similar over educational and income groups.

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Grill, Kalle. "Anti-paternalism and Public Health Policy." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi och teknikhistoria, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10947.

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This thesis is an attempt to constructively interpret and critically evaluate the liberal doctrine that we may not limit a person’s liberty for her own good, and to discuss its implications and alternatives in some concrete areas of public health policy. The thesis starts theoretical and goes ever more practical. The first paper is devoted to positive interpretation of anti-paternalism with special focus on the reason component – personal good. A novel generic definition of paternalism is proposed, intended to capture, in a generous fashion, the object of traditional liberal resistance to paternalism – the invocation of personal good reasons for limiting of or interfering with a person’s liberty. In the second paper, the normative aspect of this resistance is given a somewhat technical interpretation in terms of invalidation of reasons – the blocking of reasons from influencing the moral status of actions according to their strength. It is then argued that normative anti-paternalism so understood is unreasonable, on three grounds: 1) Since the doctrine only applies to sufficiently voluntary action, voluntariness determines validity of reasons, which is unwarranted and leads to wrong answers to moral questions. 2) Since voluntariness comes in degrees, a threshold must be set where personal good reasons are invalidated, leading to peculiar jumps in the justifiability of actions. 3) Anti-paternalism imposes an untenable and unhelpful distinction between the value of respecting choices that are sufficiently voluntary and choices that are not. The third paper adds to this critique the fourth argument that none of the action types typically proposed to specify the action component of paternalism is such that performing an action of that type out of benevolence is essentially morally problematic. The fourth paper ignores the critique in the second and third papers and proposes, in an anti-paternalistic spirit, a series of rules for the justification of option-restricting policies aimed at groups where some members consent to the policy and some do not. Such policies present the liberal with a dilemma where the value of not restricting people’s options without their consent conflicts with the value of allowing people to shape their lives according to their own wishes. The fifth paper applies the understanding of anti-paternalism developed in the earlier papers to product safety regulation, as an example of a public health policy area. The sixth paper explores in more detail a specific public health policy, namely that of mandatory alcohol interlocks in all cars, proposed by the former Swedish government and supported by the Swedish National Road Administration. The policy is evaluated for cost-effectiveness, for possible diffusion of individual responsibility, and for paternalistic treatment of drivers. The seventh paper argues for a liberal policy in the area of dissemination of information about uncertain threats to public health. The argument against paternalism is based on common sense consequentialist considerations, avoiding any appeal to the normative anti-paternalism rejected earlier in the thesis.
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Smith, Stephen William. "Autonomy, paternalism and physician-assisted suicide." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488070.

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Books on the topic "Paternalism"

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Coons, Christian, and Michael Weber, eds. Paternalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139179003.

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Ahlstrom-Vij, Kristoffer. Epistemic Paternalism. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313171.

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Barnett, Michael N., ed. Paternalism beyond Borders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316799956.

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Lawes, Kim. Paternalism and Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403919618.

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1949-, Smith John David, ed. Racist southern paternalism. New York: Garland Pub., 1993.

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Glaeser, Edward L. Paternalism and psychology. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Lawes, Kim. Paternalism and politics: The revival of paternalism in early nineteenth-century Britain. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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Cserne, Péter. Freedom of Contract and Paternalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137000323.

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Clark, Chris L. Paternalism and citizenship in communitycare. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Dept. of Social Work, 1996.

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VanDeVeer, Donald. Paternalisticintervention: The moral bounds on benevolence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paternalism"

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McCullough, Laurence B. "Paternalism." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 2157–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09483-0_328.

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McCullough, Laurence B. "Paternalism." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_328-1.

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Conly, Sarah. "Paternalism." In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_917-1.

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Conly, Sarah. "Paternalism." In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 2652–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6519-1_917.

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DeCew, Judith Wagner. "Paternalism." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 814–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_343.

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ten Have, Henk, and Maria do Céu Patrão Neves. "Paternalism." In Dictionary of Global Bioethics, 807–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54161-3_397.

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Ahlstrom-Vij, Kristoffer. "Introduction." In Epistemic Paternalism, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313171_1.

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Ahlstrom-Vij, Kristoffer. "Why We Cannot Rely on Ourselves for Epistemic Improvement." In Epistemic Paternalism, 6–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313171_2.

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Ahlstrom-Vij, Kristoffer. "Epistemic Paternalism Defined." In Epistemic Paternalism, 39–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313171_3.

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Ahlstrom-Vij, Kristoffer. "On the Viability of Epistemic Paternalism: Personal Autonomy." In Epistemic Paternalism, 65–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137313171_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Paternalism"

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Ptitsyna, D., and O. Kostina. "ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПАТЕРНАЛИЗМ И РАЗВИТИЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА: ВЗАИМОИСКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ И КОМПЛЕМЕНТАРНЫЕ ПОНЯТИЯ." In Perspektivy social`no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia prigranichnyh regionov 2019. Институт экономики - обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра "Карельский научный центр Российской академии наук", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36867/br.2019.23.70.047.

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Статья посвящена исследованию возможности сосуществования государственного патернализма и развитого предпринимательства в России. В статье определены границы и содержание сопряженности понятий патернализм и предпринимательство , охарактеризованы эти понятия как самостоятельные сущности знания, выявлены точки комплементарности и определены те особенности, которые разводят эти два понятия как оппонентов. The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of the coexistence of state paternalism and developed entrepreneurship in Russia. The article defines the boundaries and content of the conjugacy of the concepts of paternalism and entrepreneurship, characterizes these concepts as independent essences of knowledge, identifies the points of complementarity and identifies those features that separate these two concepts as opponents.
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Millar, Jason. "Technology as moral proxy: Autonomy and paternalism by design." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ethics.2014.6893388.

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Bykov, R. E., and A. V. Shvets. "PATERNALISM AS A FEATURE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN RUSSIA." In Правовая система России: история, современность, тенденции развития. Благовещенск: Амурский государственный университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/9785934933822_6.

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Sidorova, Tatyana A. "DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE FOCUS OF MEDICAL ETHICS MODELS." In All-Russian Conference with International Participation "Education, Social Mobility, and Human Development: to the 90th Anniversary of Prof. L.G. Borisova". Novosibirsk State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1383-0-162-181.

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The interactions of the subjects of medicine, primarily a doctor and a patient, are considered in the projection of two logics: solidary and competing relations. This approach develops the critique of the dominance of the concept of patient autonomy that comes with the bioethics represented in the ethics of care by K. Dörner, A. Moll and others. The conceptual forms of competition and solidarity are identified as oppositions to power and equality, autonomy and care, individualism and interdependence of subjects of medicine, anti-paternalism and paternalism, neglect and attentiveness, the legal and ethical meaning of informed consent, control and compliance, medical services and medical care. In medicine, from point of view of bioethics, the solidary relations could be expressed in a paternalistic model. Paternalism is the basic form of relationship between a doctor and a patient in medicine, which is recorded throughout the centuries-old history of medical ethics. The paternalistic model is based on ethical connotations such as doctor’s responsibility and mutual trust. Autonomy has a legal and economic predication. The ethics of care, traditional for the Russian cultural model, implies not so much the doctor’s authorities over the patient, recognizing him as unequal in medical decisions, but in modern healthcare it can be combined with a voluntary expression of consent to medical interventions with the properly provided information.
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Diev, V. S. "National model of management as a factor of Russia development." In VI Scientific and Practical Conference "Social consolidation and social reproduction of modern russian society: resources, problems and prospects". Publishing House of Irkutsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/978-5-9624-1800-1.2020.10.

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Paternalism and security are the basic values of contemporary Russian model of organizational culture. And this is a locus of possible complications. For such a system of values significantly complicates the development of a new innovative economy in our country.
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Sari, Norma. "Consumer Protection of Drug in Indonesian Law: Examining The Paternalism Theory." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Progressive Civil Society (ICONPROCS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iconprocs-19.2019.37.

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Ozdemir, Serkan. "THE IMPACT OF PATERNALISM AND DELEGATION ON COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL ENGAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/15/s05.126.

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Chahrour, Zahraa, Sarah Hammoud, Ali Hage-Diab, and Bassam Hussein. "The extent of medical reverse paternalism in lebanon and its ethical implications." In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Engineering (ICABME). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icabme.2015.7323298.

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Menon, S., J. Van Delden, and A. Campbell. "P39 Collusion, advance care planning and therapeutic privilege – paternalism via the back door?" In ACP-I Congress Abstracts. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2019-acpicongressabs.123.

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Starks, Briana. "Clashing Cultures: The Subjugated Narratives of Student Mothers Navigating Paternalism and Individuality (Poster 11)." In AERA 2022. USA: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.22.1893589.

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Reports on the topic "Paternalism"

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Ambuehl, Sandro, B. Douglas Bernheim, and Axel Ockenfels. Projective Paternalism. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26119.

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Glaeser, Edward. Paternalism and Psychology. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11789.

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Fadlon, Itzik, and David Laibson. Paternalism and Pseudo-Rationality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23620.

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Carlin, Bruce Ian, Simon Gervais, and Gustavo Manso. When Does Libertarian Paternalism Work? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15139.

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Allcott, Hunt. Paternalism and Energy Efficiency: An Overview. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20363.

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Mueller, Holger, and Thomas Philippon. Family Firms, Paternalism, and Labor Relations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12739.

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Manski, Charles, and Eytan Sheshinski. Optimal Paternalism in a Population with Bounded Rationality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31349.

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Martin, Cherie. Self-Infantilizing Women: Paternalism in Abortion Lawmaking and Legislator Gender. Portland State University Library, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.289.

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Doepke, Matthias, and Fabrizio Zilibotti. Parenting with Style: Altruism and Paternalism in Intergenerational Preference Transmission. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20214.

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Fejérdy, Gergely. Változások a francia–marokkói kapcsolatokban. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.71.

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A francia–marokkói kapcsolatok jelenét nagymértékben meghatározzák a történelmi gyökerek, mindenekelőtt a protektorátus időszaka, illetve az 1956-ban elnyert függetlenség után is megmaradó francia befolyás. A francia, részben paternalista politika mellett legfelsőbb szinten kialakított szívélyes jó viszony meghatározóan formálta a kétoldalú kapcsolatokat. A 21. századra azonban jelentős változások figyelhetők meg. Minden jel arra utal, hogy a megszokott szoros francia–marokkói kapcsolat fellazulóban, átalakulóban van. Rabat egyre egyértelműbben egyenrangú félként kíván fellépni Franciaországgal fennálló viszonyában. Marokkó ráadásul a nyugat-afrikai térség legerősebb központjaként és az egész déli kontinens meghatározó hatalmaként az arab világ egyik szószólója kíván lenni. Mindezzel párhuzamosan az egykori gyarmattartókkal, többek között Franciaországgal szembeni afrikai ellenérzéseket sem tudja, akarja Rabat minden esetben korlátozni. Jól lehet, Párizs erős gazdasági és kulturális pozíciókkal rendelkezik Marokkóban, kénytelen az új kontextust figyelembe véve megújítani politikáját az észak-afrikai ország vonatkozásában. Ez a reflexió megkezdődött, amelyben fontos állomás lehet Macron elnök januárban várható marokkói látogatása.
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