Relevant bibliographies by topics / Patella Physiology

Academic literature on the topic 'Patella Physiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Patella Physiology":

1

Stanescu, A., Anh-Vu Ngo, Marguerite Parisi, Ramesh Iyer, and Ezekiel Maloney. "The Pediatric Patella: Normal Development, Anatomical Variants and Malformations, Stability, Imaging, and Injury Patterns." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 22, no. 01 (February 2018): 081–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608004.

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AbstractWe discuss the pediatric patella, with an emphasis on diagnostic imaging. Topics include normal patellar development, anatomical variants and their physiologic significance, genetic syndromes that alter the appearance of the patella, physiology of patellar tracking and stability, patellofemoral instability, and injury patterns and classification. Recognition of appropriate development on imaging prevents diagnostic error and unnecessary evaluation. Knowledge of the pertinent features of syndromes associated with morphological patellar abnormalities can aid in generating a succinct and relevant differential diagnosis. In patellofemoral instability, the patient's baseline anatomy, factors that predispose to instability, and the specific injuries that occur as a result are critical considerations for determining the course of treatment. Patellar sleeve fractures are unique to pediatric patients, and timely identification is critical to achieving an optimal treatment outcome.
2

Li, Guoan, Ramprasad Papannagari, Kyung Wook Nha, Louis E. DeFrate, Thomas J. Gill, and Harry E. Rubash. "The Coupled Motion of the Femur and Patella During In Vivo Weightbearing Knee Flexion." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 6 (April 19, 2007): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803267.

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The movement of the knee joint consists of a coupled motion between the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral articulations. This study measured the six degrees-of-freedom kinematics of the tibia, femur, and patella using dual-orthogonal fluoroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Ten normal knees from ten living subjects were investigated during weightbearing flexion from full extension to maximum flexion. The femoral and the patellar motions were measured relative to the tibia. The femur externally rotated by 12.9deg and the patella tilted laterally by 16.3deg during the full range of knee flexion. Knee flexion was strongly correlated with patellar flexion (R2=0.91), posterior femoral translation was strongly correlated to the posterior patellar translation (R2=0.87), and internal-external rotation of the femur was correlated to patellar tilt (R2=0.73) and medial-lateral patellar translation (R2=0.63). These data quantitatively indicate a kinematic coupling between the tibia, femur, and patella, and provide base line information on normal knee joint kinematics throughout the full range of weightbearing flexion. The data also suggest that the kinematic coupling of tibia, femur, and patella should be considered when investigating patellar pathologies and when developing surgical techniques to treat knee joint diseases.
3

Sheehan, F. T., F. E. Zajac, and J. E. Drace. "In Vivo Tracking of the Human Patella Using Cine Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2800868.

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Improper patellar tracking is often considered to be the cause of patellar-femoral pain. Unfortunately, our knowledge of patellar-femoral-tibial (knee) joint kinematics is severely limited due to a lack of three-dimensional, noninvasive, in vivo measurement techniques. This study presents the first large-scale, dynamic, three-dimensional, noninvasive, in vivo study of nonimpaired knee joint kinematics during volitional leg extensions. Cine-phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the velocity profiles of the patella, femur, and tibia in 18 unimpaired knees during leg extensions, resisted by a 34 N weight. Bone displacements were calculated through integration and then converted into three-dimensional orientation angles. We found that the patella displaced laterally, superiorly, and anteriorly as the knee extended. Further, patellar flexion lagged knee flexion, patellar tilt was variable, and patellar rotation was fairly constant throughout extension.
4

Steen, H., K. F. Tseng, S. A. Goldstein, and J. E. Carpenter. "Harvest of Patellar Tendon (Bone–Tendon–Bone) Autograft for ACL Reconstruction Significantly Alters Surface Strain in the Human Patella." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835108.

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The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction on the surface strain of the human patella. Through progressive removal of bone from the patella, three different defect shapes as well as the intact patella were tested in each of seven knees. Maximum principal strain and corresponding principal direction were determined from each of three gages around the defect for the four conditions (intact plus three defect shapes). There were no statistically significant differences in overall average surface strain between any of the defect shapes. Following graft harvest, overall average strain (all three defects combined) increased in the patella both medial (15 percent increase) and lateral (34 percent increase) to the defect, while decreasing in the region directly proximal (22 percent increase) to the harvest site compared to the intact patella. A statistically significant 7.5 deg shift of principal direction from longitudinal toward a more transverse (lateral-superior to medial-inferior) direction was observed in the medial region when a shallow-dome defect was made. We conclude that removal of a bone block from the anterior, inferior part of the patella induces a significant redistribution of the surface strain. This results in greater local strain adjacent to the upper border of the bone block, increasing the risk for patella fracture. This effect may be of importance in various complications known to occur after ACL reconstruction.
5

Tu¨mer, Sami Turgut, and Ali Erkan Engin. "Three-Body Segment Dynamic Model of the Human Knee." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 4A (November 1, 1993): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895497.

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In this paper, a two-dimensional, three-body segment dynamic model of the human knee is introduced. The model includes tibio-femoral and patello-femoral articulations, and anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial collateral, lateral collateral, and patellar ligaments. It enables one to obtain dynamic response of the knee joint to any one or combination of quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscle actions, as well as any externally applied forces on the lower leg. A specially developed human knee animation program is utilized in order to fine tune some model parameters. Numerical results are presented for knee extension under the impulsive action of the quadriceps femoris muscle group to simulate a vigorous lower limb activity such as kicking. The model shows that the patella can be subjected to very large transient patello-femoral contact force during a strenuous lower limb activity even under conditions of small knee-flexion angles. The results are discussed and compared with limited data reported in the literature.
6

Witzgall, Ralph. "Nail-patella syndrome." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 469, no. 7-8 (July 5, 2017): 927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-017-2013-z.

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7

Kubo, Keitaro, Toshihiro Ikebukuro, Katsutoshi Yaeshima, Hideaki Yata, Naoya Tsunoda, and Hiroaki Kanehisa. "Effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of tendon in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 2 (February 2009): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91381.2008.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of the human tendon in vivo. Ten subjects completed 12 wk (4 days/wk) of a unilateral training program for knee extensors. They performed static training on one side [ST; 70% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and dynamic training on the other side (DT; 80% of one repetition maximum). Before and after training, MVC, neural activation level (by interpolated twitch), muscle volume (by magnetic resonance imaging), stiffness of tendon-aponeurosis complex and patella tendon (by ultrasonography), and blood volume of patella tendon (by red laser lights) were measured. Both protocols significantly increased MVC (49% for ST, 32% for DT; both P < 0.001), neural activation level (9.5% for ST, 7.6% for DT; both P < 0.01), and muscle volume (4.5% for ST, 5.6% for DT; both P < 0.01). The stiffness of tendon-aponeurosis complex increased significantly after ST (55%; P = 0.003) and DT (30%; P = 0.033), while the stiffness of patella tendon increased significantly after ST (83%; P < 0.001), but not for DT ( P = 0.110). The blood volume of patella tendon increased significantly after DT (47%; P = 0.016), but not for ST ( P = 0.205). These results implied that the changes in the blood volume of tendon would be related to differences in the effects of resistance training on the tendon properties.
8

Ahmed, A. M., N. A. Duncan, and M. Tanzer. "In Vitro Measurement of the Tracking Pattern of the Human Patella." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835107.

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This study sought to determine whether a general pattern describing the three-dimensional tracking characteristics of the human patella could be established, and if not, then to determine the extent and nature of interspecimen variations in the characteristics in a normal population. Using 32 fresh-frozen knees subjected to extensor moment magnitudes similar to those in “static-lifting” and “leg-raising against resistance” maneuvers, patellar displacements were measured in the knee extension range 120 to 0 deg. For static-lifting, a constant foot-floor reaction of 334 N was applied. For leg-raising, a constant net quadriceps tension of 668 N was used throughout the extension range. Measurements were taken with a calibrated six-degree-of-freedom electromechanical goniometer and a displacement coordinate system referenced to the geometry of individual specinens. The three patellar displacements in the plane of knee extension/flexion (extension rotation, and anterior and proximal translations) consistently demonstrated the same pattern in the entire knee extension range with an average coefficient of variation of 13 percent. For knee angles greater than 45 deg, the three other displacements (medial lateral translation, and rotations about the anterior–posterior and proximal–distal axes) followed a general pattern. However, for knee angles less than 45 deg, these displacements differed considerably between specimens for each loading condition, both in terms of magnitude (average coefficient of variation: 70 percent), and direction.
9

Carroll, C. C., J. M. Dickinson, J. M. Haus, G. A. Lee, C. J. Hollon, P. Aagaard, S. P. Magnusson, and T. A. Trappe. "Influence of aging on the in vivo properties of human patellar tendon." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 6 (December 2008): 1907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00059.2008.

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Tendons are important for optimal muscle force transfer to bone and play a key role in functional ability. Changes in tendon properties with aging could contribute to declines in physical function commonly associated with aging. We investigated the in vivo mechanical properties of the patellar tendon in 37 men and women [11 young (27 ± 1 yr) and 26 old (65 ± 1 yr)] using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patella displacement relative to the tibia was monitored with ultrasonography during ramped isometric contractions of the knee extensors, and MRI was used to determine tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) and signal intensity. At peak force, patellar tendon deformation, stress, and strain were 13 ( P = 0.05), 19, and 12% less in old compared with young ( P < 0.05). Additionally, deformation, stiffness, stress, CSA, and length were 18, 35, 41, 28, and 11% greater ( P < 0.05), respectively, in men compared with women. After normalization of mechanical properties to a common force, no age differences were apparent; however, stress and strain were 26 and 22% higher, respectively, in women compared with men ( P < 0.05). CSA and signal intensity decreased 12 and 24%, respectively, with aging ( P < 0.05) in the midregion of the tendon. These data suggest that differences in patellar tendon in vivo mechanical properties with aging are more related to force output rather than an age effect. In contrast, the decrease in signal intensity indirectly suggests that the internal milieu of the tendon is altered with aging; however, the physiological and functional consequence of this finding requires further study.
10

Clark, D. A., D. L. Simpson, J. D. Eldridge, V. Pai, and G. R. Colborne. "Functional assessment of outcome of surgery to correct patellofemoral instability in human patients." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190045.

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A case-control study with 6 months of patient follow up. This study sought to determine if surgery followed by rehabilitation for patellar instability could restore normal gait function. A previous study has established abnormalities in gait pattern and joint congruence in patients with a history of patellar instability. We hypothesised that surgery for patellofemoral instability would improve knee function. Eight human patients (mean age 29, range 17-42) who were awaiting patella stabilisation surgery (5 tibial tuberosity osteotomy, 2 medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, 1 trochleoplasty) were compared against eight normal Controls (mean age 28, range 19-31). Patients were assessed pre-operatively and six months after surgery by biomechanical gait analysis. Gait trials involved simultaneous collection of kinematic and force data. Patients were grouped into two subgroups pre-operatively based on knee joint net moment during stance, and their joint moments during stance pre- and post-operatively were compared against the Control subjects. In pre-operative gait analysis, four patients (P1) produced some extensor moment in early stance and four (P2) demonstrated a severe gait deficiency with failure to generate a knee extensor moment during stance. Normalisation in gait pattern was observed in all patients post-operatively. Those who had the most severe gait abnormality (P2) demonstrated the most improvement in their knee joint moments. Improvements were observed in the milder (P1) cases, but these were less dramatic. Patella stabilisation by surgery can restore normal gait function. Normalising the anatomy of the knee extensor mechanism is the objective of surgery. Normal anatomy facilitates the rehabilitation objectives of optimising extensor function during the weight-bearing phase of gait.
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Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Patella Physiology":

1

Marshall, David John. "Environmental physiology of the intertidal limpets Patella (Prosobranchia) and Siphonaria (Pulmonata)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005372.

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Physiological response to environmental change is examined in species of the intertidal limpets, Patella (Prosobranchia) and Siphonaria (Pulmonata). Characteristics of heart beat were determined using impedance pneumography and these are described. Heart rate of P. granularis is related to temperature and body size, and cardiac arrest in this limpet is apparently stress-related. Siphonaria oculus may exhibit a temperature-independent, extreme, and often prolonged bradycardia (<10 beats/min). When measured shortly after aerial exposure, heart rate and oxygen consumption of the above limpet species are closely correlated. The relationships of aerial oxygen consumption with body weight and ambient temperature were determined for the above high shore species of limpet. Both have low aerial rates of oxygen consumption relative to low shore limpet species, and their QlO values decrease with increasing temperature. Diel field recordings of heart rate of S. oculus, taken during summer and winter, suggest absence of temperature acclimation, and this was also shown for oxygen consumption at high aerial temperatures (30°C) in laboratory experiments. Oxygen consumption of P. granularis is partially temperature compensated temperature acclimation). In air, even though S. oculus loses water faster, it shows greater tolerance of water loss and survives longer than P. granularis. Prolonged aerial exposure of S. oculus leads to depression of heart rate and of V02 (down to 18% of the pre-exposure rate), responses interpreted as representing adaptive metabolic rate depression. In P. granularis aerial heart rate remains constant and V02 never falls below IX 38% of pre-exposure rate. This reduction in V02 in air is considered as being stress-related, resulting from impairment of oxygen uptake. In declining oxygen tension S. capensis shows a better capacity for oxyregulation than P. granularis. On exposure to hypoxia, sand-inundation and hyposalinity, S. capensis may show typical bradycardia ( <10 beats/min), suggesting depression of aerobic metabolism, and on return to pre-exposure conditions there is no overshoot of heart rate, suggesting absence of oxygen debt. The effect of hypoxia, sand-inundation and hyposalinity on heart rate of P. granularis is variable; this becomes depressed and is often interspersed with extended cardiac arrest. When conditions are normalized, this species exhibits a clear overshoot of heart rate. The significance of differences in physiological response between patellid and siphonariid limpets is discussed with regard to their habitat segregation, particularly in the upper-shore zone (open rock and tidal pools) and sand-inundated rock substrata, where only siphonariid limpets may be found. While not previously characterized in marine gastropods, metabolic rate depression by Siphonaria, through facilitating isolation and conserving food reserves, is suggested as a key factor determining their distribution in physico-chemically more extreme and variable intertidal habitats.
2

Jones, Christopher David Stanford. "On the cross-sectional form of the patella in several primates." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj764.pdf.

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3

Lemoine, Jennifer K. "The impact of gender and chronic resistance training on human patellar tendon dry mass, collagen content, and collagen cross-linking." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1395461.

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Collagen content and cross-linking are believed to be major determinants of tendon structural integrity and function. Gender and chronic resistance training have been shown to alter tendon function, and may also alter these key structural features of tendon. Patellar tendon biopsies were taken from untrained men (M, n=8, 25±1 y, 1RM: 53±3 kg), untrained women (W, n=8, 23±2 y, 1RM: 29±2 kg), and resistance-trained (10±1 y trained) men (RTM, n=8, 24±2 y, 1RM: 71 ±6 kg). Biopsies were analyzed for dry mass, collagen content, and collagen cross-linking (hydroxylysylpyridinoline, HP). Tendon dry mass was significantly lower in women than men (M: 376±8, W: 343±5 µg dry mass/mg tendon wet wt, P<0.01), and was not influenced by chronic resistance training (RTM: 364±20 µg dry mass/mg tendon wet wt, P>0.05). The lower tendon dry mass in women reduced (P=0.08) collagen content per tendon wet weight (M: 339±14, W: 306±11 µg collagen/mg tendon wet wt). Collagen content of tendon dry mass was not influenced by gender (P>0.05) or resistance training (P>0.05) (M: 903±38, W: 892±29, RTM: 881±43 !,g collagen/mg tendon dry mass). Similarly, cross-linking of collagen was not impacted by gender (P>0.05) or training (P>0.05) (M: 401±47, W: 418±35, RTM: 424±38 mmol HP/mol collagen). In women, the overall lower amount of collagen per tendon wet weight may explain gender differences in tendon function, while collagen content and cross-linking of the dry mass are remarkably consistent across gender and training status.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
4

Crawford, Richard Lee. "Protocols for preconditioning of patellar tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction stress relaxation vs. creep /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07232008-132346.

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5

Bailey, Martin P. "The biomechanics of anterior knee pain and patellar tendonitis in cycling." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287066.

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6

Viegas, Alexandre de Christo. ""Análise das propriedades biomecânicas dos tendões dos músculos tibial anterior e tibial posterior : estudo experimental em cadáveres humanos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-11042006-162408/.

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O autor estudou as propriedades biomecânicas dos tendões dos músculos tibial anterior e tibial posterior congelados a -20°C e a -86°C extraídos de cadáveres humanos frescos. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos de tração até a ruptura e determinadas as seguintes propriedades: resistência máxima, coeficiente de rigidez, módulo de elasticidade e alongamento máximo relativo. Os dados obtidos foram comparados aos existentes na literatura relativos ao ligamento cruzado anterior, ligamento da patela e aos tendões dos músculos grácil e semitendíneo
The author studied the mechanical properties of the anterior and posterior tibialis muscle tendons frozen at -20°C and -86°C obtained from fresh-frozen human cadavers. The tendons were submitted to axial traction until failure and the following properties were determined: ultimate load, stiffness, modulus of elasticity and relative strain. Data obtained were compared to those from the literature related to the anterior cruciate ligament, patellar tendon, gracilis and semitendinous tendons
7

Yeung, Kwok Tai Cathay. "Effect of total knee replacement design and surgical technique on patello-femoral joint performance : an explicit finite element study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/64812/.

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There is an increasing demand for total knee replacements (TKR). Young patients are placing increasing functional demands on modern TKR. Clinical experience has also shown the need for high flexion in patients after TKR. In this study, assessment of TKR performance subjected to deep knee bend was investigated. Patellar resurfacing in TKR is assumed to release pain and restore knee function. Despite the recent advance and success in TKR operation, patellar resurfacing has been associated with an increase in complications at the patello-femoral joint, and hence revisions following TKR. Complications include poor tracking, instability, wear, loosening and fractures. These complications have been attributed in part to the component design features (e.g. sagittal radius, depth, and orientation of the trochlear groove of the femur and the geometry of the patellar component surface) and surgical technique (e.g. component alignment and ligament balance). However, the influence of these factors on the overall performance of TKR has not been investigated extensively. The objective of the study was to determine the variation of patellar kinematics (tracking motion) and contact mechanics (contact force, area, pressure and stress) induced by component design and surgical technique. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of a PFC-Sigma TKR, including the tibio-femoral and patello-femoral joints was developed. Explicit FE analysis was used to simulate TKR under a deep knee flexion. The models predicted substantial increase in patellar pressure and stress with nonconforming patello-femoral articulating surfaces. Femoral groove orientation affected patellar tracking and contact mechanics. Extending femoral groove distally reduced patello-femoral contact stress at high flexion angles. Also, externally rotating the femoral component and adjusting the line of action of quadriceps pull would be beneficial by reducing patellar lateral force. The FE model used in the current study provided insight into the effect of component design parameters and surgical technique on patellofemoral kinematics and contact mechanics.
8

Patel, Gauravkumar K. [Verfasser], Dario [Akademischer Betreuer] Farina, Dario [Gutachter] Farina, and Marcus [Gutachter] Baum. "Context- and Physiology-aware Machine Learning for Upper-Limb Myocontrol / Gauravkumar K. Patel ; Gutachter: Dario Farina, Marcus Baum ; Betreuer: Dario Farina." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185168508/34.

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9

Moreira, Catarina Cunha. "Does thermal microhabitat variability modulate thermal stress responses? A study focusing on the physiology and behavior of Patella vulgata." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/81575.

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Moreira, Catarina Cunha. "Does thermal microhabitat variability modulate thermal stress responses? A study focusing on the physiology and behavior of Patella vulgata." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/81575.

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Conference papers on the topic "Patella Physiology":

1

Amirouche, Farid, Mark Gonzalez, Wayne Goldstein, Adam Derhake, Barbara Dudas, and Madhuri Tanushri. "Computer Modeling of the Patellofemoral Joint Instability: Patella Inherent Geometry Influence on Stress and Loading." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206885.

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Despite a large range of surgical options, treatment of patellofemoral instability continues to be a challenging clinical problem. Currently, there have been a number of computer models developed to try and better define the stabilizing forces about the patellofemoral joint. However, most of these studies have focused on patellofemoral contact pressures, omitting evaluation of patellar stability in the first 30° of knee flexion. The purpose of this study was to reconstruct a pathologic and normative patellar shape within a computer model based on previously described morphologic ratios. We then applied physiologic force vectors to each patellar shape and calculated the stress and moment about each. We hypothesized that individuals with a pathologic patellar shape would have internal stress and moments about the patella which could predispose them to instability. We found that there were significant differences in patterns of stress, strain, and internal displacement about the control and study patellar shapes. This study suggests that a change of patellar shape could have significant effects on the stresses and moments about the patella. Future studies in which calculations of moments could be performed on a series of control and study patellar groups could further define this difference. Dynamic simulations of the control and study patellar shapes could also visually demonstrate the difference in patellar translation. In the future, the results of patellofemoral modeling could be applied to individual patients to more accurately detail an individual treatment plan.

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