Journal articles: 'Pastoral systems'

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Frame, John. "Pastoral Systems in Marginal Environments." Grass and Forage Science 61, no. 3 (September 2006): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2006.00537.x.

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Martha, Geraldo B., Luis Gustavo Barioni, Patrícia M. Santos, Rodrigo Fernando Maule, and Dominic Moran. "Getting pastoral systems productivity right." Science of The Total Environment 916 (March 2024): 170268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170268.

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RACLOZ, V., E. SCHELLING, N. CHITNIS, F. ROTH, and J. ZINSSTAG. "Persistence of brucellosis in pastoral systems." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.32.1.2186.

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Boland, Tamara, and Peter S. Harris. "Grassland Resource Assessment for Pastoral Systems." Journal of Range Management 55, no. 3 (May 2002): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003141.

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Ouali, Mohamed, Fathi Abdellatif Belhouadjeb, Walid Soufan, and Hail Z. Rihan. "Sustainability Evaluation of Pastoral Livestock Systems." Animals 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2023): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13081335.

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In order to manage important transformations affecting a steppe area, it is necessary to analyze the existing pastoral system by evaluating the sustainability of its subsystems of production. For this reason, in this study, a tool for the evaluation of the sustainability of livestock production in the steppe area was used in order to identify the most sustainable systems. The study was conducted using a survey of 87 livestock farmers (production units) in the region ranked first in terms of sheep production. Principal component analysis (PCA) enabled us to identify two production systems: (i) the pastoral production system, characterized by the mobility of livestock and its high dependence on concentrated feed; (ii) the agropastoral system, combining fodder and livestock production, which is sedentary and semi-extensive. Using a grid for evaluating the sustainability of livestock systems in steppe regions, the impact of each system on the environment (environmental, economic, and social) was examined, and the results showed that the feed system was unbalanced, with high pressure on steppe rangelands. Nevertheless, multiple ways of improving these systems emerged from the analysis, such as encouraging the production of fodder and its association with livestock, on new spatial, temporal, regional, and national levels.

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Aspinall, Richard, Michele Staiano, and Diane Pearson. "Emergent Properties of Land Systems: Nonlinear Dynamics of Scottish Farming Systems from 1867 to 2020." Land 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111172.

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Dynamics of arable and pastoral farming systems in Scotland over the period 1867–2020 are documented using time series analysis methods, including for nonlinear dynamical systems. Results show arable and pastoral farming, at a national scale, are dynamic over a range of timescales, with medium- and short-term dynamics associated with endogenous system forces and exogenous factors, respectively. Medium-term dynamics provide evidence of endogenous systems-level feedbacks between farming sectors responding to change in world and national cereal prices as an economic driver, and act to dampen impacts of exogenous shocks and events (weather, disease). Regime shifts are identified in national cereal prices. Results show change and dynamics as emergent properties of system interactions. Changes in dynamics and strength of endogenous dampening over the duration of the study are associated with dynamical changes from major governmental policy decisions that altered the boundary conditions for interdependencies of arable and pastoral farming.

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Kenee,, Fekadu Beyene, Gadissa Tesfaye, and Jebessa Teshome. "Property Rights and Governance of Land Resources in Pastoral Areas of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 28, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02704009.

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This article examines customary institutions governing rangeland resources in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Using data from different pastoral groups, we employed a case-study approach to explore how property rights are defined and enforced. The study indicates heterogeneity in systems of defining and enforcing rights. Due to the fugitive nature of resource use in pastoral systems, property rights vary seasonally. Though flexibility in the definition of such rights has become central to the survival of pastoral herders, formal administrative boundaries and policies have limited resource access, becoming sources of violent conflict and obstacle to customary systems. Government policies favouring private land use, expansion of large-scale investment on pastoral land, establishment of national parks, and certification of privately used land challenged the smooth functioning of customary land governance. This implies that state intervention should not undermine customary systems but permit them to exercise rangeland governance and ensure pastoral rights to secure livelihoods.

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McWilliams, Frances C. "Voices Crying in the Wilderness: Prophetic Ministry in Clinical Pastoral Education." Journal of Pastoral Care 51, no. 1 (March 1997): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099705100105.

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Reviews and comments on articles appearing in The Journal of Pastoral Care dealing with the pastoral/prophetic dynamic which has existed in the pastoral care, counseling, and education movement. Makes a plea for greater emphasis on larger-than-individual systems in future Clinical Pastoral Education programs.

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Tittonell, Pablo, Sofía M. Hara, Valeria E. Álvarez, Valeria M. Aramayo, Octavio A. Bruzzone, Marcos H. Easdale, Andrea S. Enriquez, et al. "Ecosystem services and disservices associated with pastoral systems from Patagonia, Argentina – A review." Cahiers Agricultures 30 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2021029.

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Pastoral systems worldwide secure rural livelihoods in the harshest environments on Earth. Their low productivity per area unit or head makes them the subject of much criticism with regard to their environmental impact, particularly in relation to global warming, desertification and land degradation. Such is the case of the traditional pastoral systems of Patagonia, a vast and isolated region where sedentary and mobile pastoralism coexist and contribute to shape landscapes and cultures. We argue that pastoral systems provide a wide range of ecosystem services that may compensate for their negative impact on the environment. We review the scarcely available evidence from Patagonia to identify ecosystem services and disservices associated with pastoralism, and pay special attention to the carbon balance: with C footprints between 10 to 40 kg CO2-eq.kg−1 carcass, pastoral systems in dry Patagonia are below or within the range of semi-extensive livestock systems worldwide (35–45 CO2-eq. kg−1 carcass). To inform development and policy, the assessment of trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services needs to incorporate the intertwined social and ecological dynamics of complex pastoral systems, along resource regenerative trajectories.

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El Aayadi, Soufiane, Abdelilah Araba, and Magali Jouven. "Resilience of the pastoral component of Moroccan small ruminant systems in mountain areas." Rangeland Journal 43, no. 4 (2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj21039.

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Small ruminant farming is the main rural occupation in mountain areas of Morocco. This activity is subject to numerous pressures, including repeated climatic hazards that modify pastoral resource availability and trigger changes in production systems. This study aimed to identify and analyse changes in availability and utilisation of pastoral resources acknowledged by farmers over the past 40 years for the small ruminant farming systems of the Central High Atlas region of Morocco. We hypothesised, on the basis of previous research, that resilience of the pastoral component of such systems increases with elevation. We interviewed 50 farmers in three municipalities of Azilal province, at moderate (800–1400 m), medium (1400–1800 m) and high (1800–3000 m) elevations. In the 1970–1980s, pastoral resources were abundant and mobile flocks grazed collective rangelands. Subsequently, repeated droughts and the increased stock numbers promoted by agricultural policies led to the deterioration of resource abundance and quality, especially palatable plants. At moderate elevations, wooded areas and phytomass declined; erosion occurred at high elevations. Traditional systems diversified by including agricultural activities. At moderate elevations, livestock farming intensified, with the adoption of a productive breed, concentrate distribution and the grazing of fallow land. Currently, flock mobility is limited and rangelands provide less than 60% of sheep requirements. At high elevations, the pastoral component persisted at the cost of a diversification of pastoral areas and greater flock mobility. Rangelands are still collectively managed and provide almost 90% of sheep requirements. Since rangelands remain a major feed source, changes in pastoral resources can be considered as a major driver of change in livestock systems. The sustainability of small ruminant farming systems at these elevations thus depends on the conservation of rangeland.

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Mena, Yolanda, Eduardo Morales-Jerrett, Marta Soler-Montiel, David Pérez-Neira, and Juan Manuel Mancilla-Leytón. "Energetic and Monetary Analysis of Efficiency in Family-Owned Dairy Goat Production Systems in Andalusia (Southern Spain)." Animals 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14010104.

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The family-owned dairy goat sector in Andalusia presents great diversity. Taking into account the particularities of their economic strategies, which are focused on generating net value added and a stable long-term remuneration for family labor, this work aims to expand the scarce existing knowledge on the energetic and economic profiles of the different caprine management systems in a context of climate and energy crisis. For this purpose, twenty-one farms, representatives of the four typologies of the Andalusian dairy goat system, were monitored for one year: pastoral systems, grazing systems with high feed supply, indoor systems with associated crops, and indoor systems without associated crops. Technical-economic information was obtained that allowed the calculation of energy and economic indicators. In terms of socialized output, the differences found were due to the energy derived from milk sales, which was clearly lower in pastoral systems. The higher proportion of energy output obtained from manure with respect to edible products (milk and meat) highlights the importance of the former in energetic terms. High values for external inputs are found in the intensive group (111.22 GJ LSU−1), while the lowest results correspond to the pastoral group (36.96 GJ LSU−1). The main external input is the energy proceeding from purchased feed, which accounts for over 79% of the total external energy input in all four groups. The highest energy efficiency corresponds to the pastoral group, which is also the most efficient one in the use of non-renewable energy to produce milk and meat. Additionally, the level of eco-efficiency is higher in pastoral systems. Common Agricultural Policy funds contribute to increasing the remuneration of family work in pastoral systems, assimilating it to the rest of the systems. Therefore, intensification does not imply an absolute monetary advantage in all cases, while extensification can be remunerative for family-owned dairy farming.

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Schon, Nicole L., Samuel Dennis, Patricia M. Fraser, Todd A. White, and Trevor L. Knight. "Intensification of pastoral systems influences earthworm populations." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 60, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2017.1363788.

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Robinson, Lance W. "A Complex-Systems Approach to Pastoral Commons." Human Ecology 37, no. 4 (June 2, 2009): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9253-2.

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Lambert-Derkimba, Adeline, Claire Aubron, Alexandre Ickowicz, Ibra Touré, and Charles-Henri Moulin. "Innovative method to assess the sustainability of pastoral systems in their territories (PSSAF),." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 68, no. 2-3 (March 25, 2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.20600.

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L’avenir des systèmes pastoraux et leurs interactions avec les territoires sont au coeur de débats majeurs dans la littérature scientifique et sont encore insuffisamment documentés. Evaluer la durabilité de ces systèmes pastoraux et leurs interactions avec la durabilité des territoires est donc une tâche complexe. Nous proposons dans cette étude une méthode pour évaluer la durabilité des systèmes pastoraux dans leurs territoires. Suite à un travail de synthèse bibliographique, nous avons conduit des entretiens auprès d’experts du pastoralisme en France et en Afrique sur le sujet de la durabilité de manière générale et de celle des systèmes pastoraux en particulier. Nous avons conçu une grille sur la base de l’approche principes-critères-indicateurs, en incluant 10 principes autour de trois thèmes majeurs que sont la disponibilité des ressources dans le territoire, les propriétés des systèmes, et la durabilité étendue. La compréhension des stratégies utilisées dans le cadre de l’activité pastorale nous a permis de proposer un jeu de critères spécifiques par principe. Enfin, nous discutons de cette nouvelle méthode au regard d’autres méthodes utilisées pour évaluer la durabilité.

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Boyd, Glenn E. "Kerygma and Conversation." Journal of Pastoral Care 50, no. 2 (June 1996): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099605000204.

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Argues that thinking of pastoral care and counseling in terms of pastoral conversation makes sense within a hermeneutic framework, particularly if that framework includes a dialogue with the Collaborative Language Systems Approach developed by Harold Goolishian and Harlene Anderson. Sees such an intellectual exercise as supporting a much needed reappreciation of pastoral conversation as therapeutic while at the same time providing imaginative openings for a postmodern pastoral theology.

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Pereira, Fabiellen C., Carol M. S. Smith, Stuart M. Charters, and Pablo Gregorini. "Creating a Design Framework to Diagnose and Enhance Grassland Health under Pastoral Livestock Production Systems." Animals 12, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233306.

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Grasslands and ecosystem services are under threat due to common practices adopted by modern livestock farming systems. Design theory has been an alternative to promote changes and develop more sustainable strategies that allow pastoral livestock production systems to evolve continually within grasslands by enhancing their health and enabling the continuous delivery of multiple ecosystem services. To create a design framework to design alternative and more sustainable pastoral livestock production systems, a better comprehension of grassland complexity and dynamism for a diagnostic assessment of its health is needed, from which the systems thinking theory could be an important approach. By using systems thinking theory, the key components of grasslands—soil, plant, ruminant—can be reviewed and better understood from a holistic perspective. The description of soil, plant and ruminant individually is already complex itself, so understanding these components, their interactions, their response to grazing management and herbivory and how they contribute to grassland health under different climatic and topographic conditions is paramount to designing more sustainable pastoral livestock production systems. Therefore, by taking a systems thinking approach, we aim to review the literature to better understand the role of soil, plant, and ruminant on grassland health to build a design framework to diagnose and enhance grassland health under pastoral livestock production systems.

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de Glanville, William A., Alicia Davis, Kathryn J. Allan, Joram Buza, John R. Claxton, John A. Crump, Jo E. B. Halliday, et al. "Classification and characterisation of livestock production systems in northern Tanzania." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): e0229478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229478.

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Livestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa face a range of pressures, including climate change, land loss, restrictive policies, and population increase. Widespread adaptation in response can lead to the emergence of new, non-traditional typologies of livestock production. We sought to characterise livestock production systems in two administrative regions in northern Tanzania, an area undergoing rapid social, economic, and environmental change. Questionnaire and spatial data were collected from 404 livestock-keeping households in 21 villages in Arusha and Manyara Regions in 2016. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to classify households into livestock production systems based on household-level characteristics. Adversity-based indicators of vulnerability, including reports of hunger, illness, and livestock, land and crop losses were compared between production systems. Three distinct clusters emerged through this process. The ethnic, environmental and livestock management characteristics of households in each cluster broadly mapped onto traditional definitions of ‘pastoral’, ‘agro-pastoral’ and ‘smallholder’ livestock production in the study area, suggesting that this quantitative classification system is complementary to more qualitative classification methods. Our approach allowed us to demonstrate a diversity in typologies of livestock production at small spatial scales, with almost half of study villages comprising more than one production system. We also found indicators of change within livestock production systems, most notably the adoption of crop agriculture in the majority of pastoral households. System-level heterogeneities in vulnerability were evident, with agro-pastoral households most likely to report hunger and pastoral households most likely to report illness in people and livestock, and livestock losses. We demonstrate that livestock production systems can provide context for assessing household vulnerability in northern Tanzania. Policy initiatives to improve household and community well-being should recognise the continuing diversity of traditional livestock production systems in northern Tanzania, including the diversity that can exist at small spatial scales.

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Perucho, Lola, Ioannis Hadjigeorgiou, Anne Lauvie, Charles-Henri Moulin, Jean-Christophe Paoli, and Christina Ligda. "Local breeds and pastoral farming on the North Mediterranean shore: a univocal coevolution? An example of dairy sheep farming systems in Corsica (France) and Thessaly (Greece)." Genetic Resources 2, no. 4 (October 4, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46265/genresj.wuda2135.

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Using local resources for ruminant feeding is a way to achieve agroecological production in pastoral farming systems. In North Mediterranean countries, sheep farming systems have evolved towards more intensive systems in lowland and hilly areas, whereas remote and rough pastureland is abandoned and local breeds are rarely maintained; rather, they are progressively replaced by highly productive breeds and their crosses. Using the examples of Corsica (France) and Thessaly (Greece), two dairy sheep farming territories developing intensive farming systems that differ in the livestock breeds they use, we explored the hypothesis that the use of local breeds may not be systematically related to the maintenance of pastoral practices in Mediterranean dairy sheep farming systems. For this purpose, three data sets based on interviews with sheep farmers of local breeds and crossbred flocks were analysed in two study areas. The results demonstrated that local breeds’ adaptive abilities can be used in crossbred flocks or purebred flocks to maintain a feeding system based on pastoral components. However, other drivers also appear to lead into the declining use of local pastoral resources. Apart from the use of local breeds, year-to-year adjustments of replacement and culling rates sometimes have to be applied in order to address the inter-annual variations of the fodder on offer. This paper provides an original approach to studying the link between local breeds and the pastoral components of farming systems by combining synchronic and diachronic analyses of the practices in crossbred and purebred flocks composed of local breeds.

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Clinebell, Howard. "Looking Back, Looking Ahead: Toward an Ecological-Systems Model for Pastoral Care and Counseling." Journal of Pastoral Care 46, no. 3 (September 1992): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099204600305.

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Identifies five paradigms which have been active in the development of the pastoral care and counseling movement and makes a plea for a sixth paradigm characterized by an ecological-systems form. Outlines ways in which pastoral care and counselor practitioners can implement an ecological-systems model in their work with those turning to them for assistance with life's problems.

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VanKatwyk, Peter L. "A Family Observed: Theological and Family Systems Perspectives on the Grief Experience." Journal of Pastoral Care 47, no. 2 (June 1993): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099304700206.

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Explores the grief experience in a family case study and proposes an integrative model of pastoral grief ministry in which personal grief reactions are attended to within the family context. Utilizes developmental/systemic perspectives to correlate the family grief experience with the process of family grief ministry, focusing especially on the pastoral task of facilitating the family in constructing a healing theory.

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Nidumolu, Uday, David Gobbett, Peter Hayman, Mark Howden, John Dixon, and Anton Vrieling. "Climate change shifts agropastoral-pastoral margins in Africa putting food security and livelihoods at risk." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 095003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac87c1.

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Abstract Climate is one of the key factors determining the suitability of land for agricultural production and influencing the spatial transition between grazing and cropping-dominated farming systems in Africa. We identified the climate indices that best align with the margin between the Agropastoral and Pastoral Farming Systems in the historical climate (1981–2006). We then used global climate model results to assess how these agropastoral-pastoral margins are likely to shift by 2050 as a consequence of forecasted climate change. We found that the agropastoral-pastoral margin will retreat across Africa resulting in less area climatically suited for productive agropastoral practices. Depending on the climate model, climate index and projections used, the conversion of land currently suitable for agropastoral production to land suitable for pastoral production across the continent leads to a reduction of the current 4.43 M km2 of Agropastoral Farming Systems to between 1.2 M km2 and 3.6 M km2. This reduction of 27%–81% of the Agropastoral zone would threaten food security and livelihoods in those areas. While we did not assess this aspect, the retreat of the agropastoral-pastoral margin may be offset by the conversion of higher rainfall zones to suitability for agropastoral production which would expand the area suitable for the Agropastoral Farming System. Identifying the locations and vulnerability to the climatic shifts along agropastoral-pastoral margins can help policy makers and planners to define strategies for improving the long-term resilience of livelihoods to climate change.

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Caballero, Rafael. "Transition Pathways to Sustainable Pastoral Systems in Europe." Open Agriculture Journal 9, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501509010006.

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White, David H., S. Mark Howden, and Henry A. Nix. "Modelling agricultural and pastoral systems under environmental change." Ecological Modelling 86, no. 2-3 (May 1996): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(95)00054-2.

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Kaua, Caxton Gitonga. "Pastoralists’ Socioecological Trends: The Case of Laikipia County in Kenya." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 177–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.060109.

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Pastoralism is a complete way of life involving ecological, political, economic and social dimensions, and is dependent on a continuous balance of diverse factors. However, pastoral systems are faced with emerging and accelerating shocks and stresses that challenge their resilience and the ability to meet household livelihood needs sustainably. In response to these pressures, pastoralist socioecological systems in Africa are undergoing a process of rapid transformation that is marked by positive and negative socio-ecological trends. This study, therefore, analyzed the socioecological trends of pastoral systems with a focus on Laikipia County, Kenya. The study used a participatory action research design and multi-stage sampling design. Data collection and analysis were done using the participatory trend analysis method, while Mann-Kendall Z Test and Kendall’s correlation coefficient were used to test the trends and their relationships. This study finds that pastoralists’ culture and lifestyles are changing as shown by the negative trend in observation of cultural practices (Z = - 4.22, P<0.001) and effectiveness of customary governance systems (Z = - 0.401, P<0.001). Secondly, although the total number of livestock is increasing (Z = 3.11, P<0.01), there is a downward trend in the livestock holding per household (Z = -3.83, P<0.001), and, hence increasing diversification to non-pastoral livelihoods (Z = 4.28, P<0.001). These changes are caused by the growing pressure on pastoral resources and ecological stresses due to various factors, including the increasing human population (Z = 4.22, P<0.001), land degradation (Z = 4.17, P<0.001), and climate change and variability (Z = 4.05, P<0.001). Therefore, the study enabled an understanding of pastoralists’ socioecological trends and the underlying drivers. Moreover, the study showed the impacts of the drivers, their feedback on each other, and the responses of the pastoral system. The study will strengthen pastoral development planning and policy-making processes.

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Gill, Nicholas. "Environmental (re)education and local environmental knowledge: statutory ground-based monitoring and pastoral culture in central Australia." Rangeland Journal 25, no. 1 (2003): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj03002.

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Ground-based monitoring of rangeland condition is common in Australian pastoral administration systems. In the Northern Territory (NT), such monitoring is officially seen as a key plank of sustainable pastoral land use. In the NT and elsewhere, these monitoring schemes have sought to increase participation by pastoralists. Involvement of pastoralists in monitoring is theoretically an educative process that will cause pastoralists to more critically examine their management practices. Critical perspectives on the relationship between rangelands science/extension and pastoralist knowledge systems and concerns, however, suggest that pastoralists' reception of such monitoring schemes will be influenced by a range of social contexts, including the character of pastoralist environmental knowledge. Fieldwork with pastoralists in Central Australia shows that the process by which pastoral environmental knowledge develops has rich experiential, historical and social dimensions. These contexts play a role in framing pastoral environmental knowledge and in shaping pastoralists' interpretations of environmental events and information from other parties. Pastoralists will assess information from monitoring in light of these contexts. The nature of the ground-based monitoring scheme is such that the very environmental knowledge that it seeks to reform may in fact be confirmed or otherwise interact with pastoral knowledge in unanticipated ways. Lack of systematic evaluation of the scheme and of pastoral environmental knowledge, however, precludes definitive judgements at this stage. The apparently central role of monitoring in NT pastoral land administration, however, suggests that the assumptions underlying the scheme and its implementation be reassessed.

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Boussaada, Djelloul, and Houari Yerou. "Sustainability’s Indicators of sheep farming systems in the eastern steppe ecosystem of Algeria." GABJ 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v6i1.193.

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Sheep farming systems in the steppe of M'sila eastern Algeria play a key role in the red meat production chain. The aim of this contribution is to assess the sustainability of sheep farms in relation to the current functioning of the breeding and to describe the strong and weak points limiting improvement of productivity in a perspective of sustainability. The method of indicators of sustainability of farms (IDEA) was used to evaluate sustainability. The typological results allowed us to distinguish two main types of livestock farming, namely agro pastoral and pastoral, which have different sustainability profiles. The agro pastoral type is characterized by sustainability scores of 69.4/100, 43.6/100 and 36.4/100 respectively for agro ecological, socio-territorial and economic sustainability. The pastoral type shows the same trend with superiority in the economic scale. The comparison of the sustainability scales in relation to the type of livestock showed that the two livestock systems are significantly different for agro-ecological and socio-territorial scale (P<0.05) in contrast to the economic scale. Consequently, each type requires particular improvements, according to its functioning and the threshold of the scores realized at the level of the global sustainability in order to guarantee a profitability of the breeding at the level of the Algerian steppe region.

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Dejene, Solomon. "Ethiopian Traditional Values versus the Social Teaching of the Church." Exchange 37, no. 2 (2008): 124–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254308x278558.

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AbstractEven if the Roman Catholic Church does not have a very long history in Ethiopia and constitutes a small minority of the society, her social significance is great in part due to the structural development programs she runs through out the country. The main aim of this paper is to identify how much the Church has made use of traditional systems and values in reflecting and communicating pastorally particularly in regard the Social of the Church (henceforth CST). By analyzing four selected pastoral letters, this article tries to spell out the strengths and shortcomings of the Church in employing traditional systems and values in giving form to the CST.

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Muller, J. C. "Grafika as hulpmiddel in die Pastorale gesprek." Verbum et Ecclesia 12, no. 1 (July 18, 1991): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v12i1.1029.

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Using graphics in pastoral counselling Three techniques of Family Therapy, namely the genogram, the ecomap and GFS (Graphic Family Sculpting), are discussed and presented as usable in pastoral care. The article argues that these techniques are most useful in pastoral care because of the fact that the religious community, as stressed in the Bible, consists of families and groups. A sensitivity for the family of origin and other systems which every individual represents, is therefore most important in pastoral counselling. The fact that a situation of growth and understanding is being created in the process of using these techniques, is probably the most promising aspect.

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Carreira, Emanuel, João Serrano, José Lopes de Castro, Shakib Shahidian, and Alfredo F. Pereira. "Montado Mediterranean Ecosystem (Soil–Pasture–Tree and Animals): A Review of Monitoring Technologies and Grazing Systems." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 6242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106242.

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Montado is an agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystem characteristic of the south of Portugal and called Dehesa in Spain. Its four fundamental components—soil, pasture, trees, and animals—as well as the climate make Montado a highly complex ecosystem. This review article provides an overview of the state of the art of Montado from the point of view of the agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystem and the scientific work carried out in this context. Thus, the aim is: (i) to describe and characterize the Montado ecosystem, as an agro-silvo-pastoral system; (ii) to reveal experimental tests carried out, technologies used or with the potential to be used in the monitoring of Montado; (iii) to address other technologies, carried out in similar and different agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystems from south Portugal. This review consists of three chapters: (a) components of Montado and their interactions; (b) advanced technologies for monitoring Montado; (c) grazing systems. No review article is known to provide an overview of Montado. Thus, it is essential to carry out research on grazing and its effects on the soil and pasture in the Montado ecosystem.

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Coppock, D. L. "Constraints to development of extensive livestock systems: experiences from southern Ethiopia." BSAP Occasional Publication 16 (1993): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00031098.

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AbstractThis paper reviews pastoral research and development perspectives generated from the southern Ethiopian rangelands during the 1980s. This system was selected as a case study of constraints in African pastoral development because the experiences from both research and development are fairly well documented and integrated. Until recently, the Boran managed a production system that was fairly typical of semi-settled, traditional pastoralism in East Africa. However, the Boran today are in a state of considerable change that has been induced primarily by a long-term decline in the per capita supply of cow's milk, the traditional dietary staple. This imbalance has resulted from steady growth in the human population in combination with density-dependent fluctuations in cattle production. Other major changes in pastoral, social and economic attitudes have occurred as a result of population pressure and exposure to the inhabitants of small towns that have emerged as a result of development of rural infrastructure since the 1970s. Overall, this pressure has led to increased instability and vulnerability of the pastoral population, but also offers new windows of opportunity for the application of technical, but especially policy-oriented, interventions. It is suggested that constraints to implementing successful development activities here lie more in the limitations of external institutions and the national economy, rather than within the Boran system. Long-term population trends, and opportunities for development interventions over the short term, will also be obscured by inter-drought cycles of cattle production that produce complex system interactions. Greater appreciation of the effects of such cycles on the social and economic behaviour of pastoralists could facilitate more effective development planning.

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Mustafa, Ayman Balla, and Asim Faraz. "Camel Systems and Pastoralists’ Lifestyle in Semi-Deserts and Mountains: Constraints and Challenges." Pastures & Pastoralism 01 (April 9, 2023): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/pp0106.

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Camels are vital to the daily life of all desert dwellers, especially Bedouins, for whom they form a source of food, a means of transportation and recreation. To appreciate the unique contribution that Arabian camels make towards the community life and the history of the desert lands, in this paper, the pastoral production systems observed across three major regions - Butana, Kordofan and Darfur - are discussed. The field survey based study was conducted from August 2011 to May 2014 using structured interview method to determine the limitations and challenges faced by camel pastoral community in main camel production regions of Sudan. The results revealed that the average of calving interval was 30 months; male camel is rutting for 3 months during rainy season. She-camel gives birth to 6-8 calves throughout the life. The average milk yield was 3 liters per day with the lactation period extended to more than 10 months. The calf is weaned for 10 months or more. Social prestige and continuity of traditional heritage are the major reasons for keeping animals rather than economic revenue. However, it was found that the security issues are limiting camel breeding practices and pastoralists’ movement in the semi-desert and mountain regions. Internal conflicts between farmers and pastoralists that often develop into tribal wars also affected pastoral production systems. Such constraints in addition to the lack of government support and favorable policies present major challenges to camel pastoral system in the region.

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Gobindram, N. E., A. Boughalmi, C. H. Moulin, M. Meuret, D. Bastianelli, A. Araba, and M. Jouven. "Feeding flocks on rangelands: insights into the local ecological knowledge of shepherds in Boulemane province (Morocco)." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 3 (2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17006.

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In Mediterranean regions, traditional pastoral systems involve shepherds leading flocks along daily grazing circuits on arid rangelands. Over the past decades, these systems have become increasingly agro-pastoral and the importance given to feeding flocks on rangelands is variable. Our study aimed at investigating the local ecological knowledge (LEK) about forage plants and animal foraging behaviour of shepherds in a pastoral area of Morocco, and eventually analysing the possible interactions between such LEK, its utilisation for grazing management and the pastoral status of the farm. Eleven semi-directive interviews with shepherds, either salaried or owning their own farm, were carried out at three sites differing in terms of agricultural context and available forage resources. Shepherds’ LEK included recognising and naming forage plants and rangeland types, identifying preferred or less preferred plants or plant parts, describing circumstantial palatability of plants depending mainly on season, other locally available plants and watering times. LEK about animal feeding preferences and its integration into grazing management was more extensive at sites where pastoral systems were still most valued, and for shepherds who were either experienced or who were considering the activity in the future. Conversely, young salaried shepherds or farmer-shepherds who devoted more attention to the agricultural component of their system seemed to be less knowledgeable about the subject. In a context where pastoralism is challenged both by the higher profitability of agriculture and by the depletion of pastoral resources as a result of frequent droughts and decreased surface area devoted to grazing lands, the future of such LEK is uncertain. The perpetuation of LEK might depend on the ability of local extension services to value farmers’ LEK and to help them enrich it with scientific knowledge.

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Mohamed, Mohamoud, Yoseph Legesse, and Kawnin Abdimahad. "Handling, Processing and Composition of Cow Milk Under Two Traditional Farming Systems in Kebribeyah District of Fafan Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia." American Journal of Aquaculture and Animal Science 2, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaas.v2i1.1024.

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The aim of this study was to assess handling, processing & chemical composition of cow milk in Kebribeyah district. The study had a survey and laboratory works. For the survey study, two production systems namely pastoral and agro-pastoral were considered. From each production system, two kebeles were selected purposively based on accessibility and potential of cow milk production. One hundred twenty households were randomly selected from purposively selected kebeles. For the laboratory part, forty samples of cow milk were analysed for chemical composition. The overall average lactation length and daily milk off-take of cow in this study were 256 days and 2.06 litres, respectively. None of the respondents washed the udder of the cow and only 6.7% of the pastoralists and 20% agro-pastoralists wash their hands before milking. Milk handling equipment were mainly plastic materials. Acacia ethaica, B. minimifolia, Blanites galabra and Solanum carense were the most commonly used smoking plant species in the area. The majority of the respondents (85.8%) produced traditional butter (Subag) and few households (10%) produced sour milk (Ciir), while very few (4.2%) households produced traditional cheese (Burcad). However, milk processing in the area is limited to wet season; when there is abundance of fodder. The average values of total solids, fat, protein, lactose and ash were 13.19%, 4.67%, 3.45%, 5.18% and 0.72%, respectively. However, significance differences (P<0.05) were found between pastoral and ago-pastoral production systems in terms of total solids, fat, and protein. The chemical properties of milk samples obtained from pastoral and agro-pastoral areas were within the acceptable standard levels settled by different scholars. In general, milk producers should also be supported with strong extension service by way of introducing improved dairy technologies, improved milk handling and processing equipments. Furthermore, there is a need for further investigations on composition with various farming systems.

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Childs, Brian H. "Some Brief Reflections on Values Training and Family Therapy Education." Journal of Pastoral Care 41, no. 2 (June 1987): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234098704100206.

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Notes that pastoral counseling frequently has been criticized for its unreflective use of secular psychology and psychotherapeutic theory but that general systems theory as applied to marriage and family counseling usually escapes this criticism. Argues, however, that a feminist critique counters this general assumption, particularly as it challenges systems neutrality regarding ethics and values. Proposes that it is essential for pastoral counselors to be educated in ethics and value analysis in order to deal authentically with issues encountered in marriage and family counseling.

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Magembe, E. M., B. O. Bebe, and J. K. Lagat. "Evaluation of Livestock- Crop Enterprise Diversity Associated with Shift from Pastoral to Agro-Pastoral Farming Systems in Transmara West District of Narok County- Kenya." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2014.3.020514093.

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Bayer, Wolfgang, and Ann Waters-Bayer. "Adapting Tropical Pasture Research to the Production System: from Australian Ranching to African Pastoralism." Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (July 1989): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700014812.

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SUMMARYThe questions and design of pasture research in tropical Australia and the resulting technologies address problems encountered in the prevailing extensive beef-production systems. In African pastoral systems, forage resource use is more intensive and complex, and production aims are manifold. An example of applied research in central Nigeria illustrates the usefulness of certain components of Australian pasture technology but the need to adapt them, particularly with respect to pasture utilization and management, within trials deliberately designed to address the differing problems in the local pastoral system.

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KAUFMANN, B. A., M. A. LELEA, and C. G. HÜLSEBUSCH. "Diversity in livestock resources in pastoral systems in Africa." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 35, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.35.2.2535.

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Matthews, Lawrence E. "Bowen Family Systems Theory: A Resource for Pastoral Theologians." Review & Expositor 102, no. 3 (August 2005): 425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730510200307.

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Assuming that theological reflection is an integral dimension of the decision making process involved in shaping acts of pastoral ministry, this article explores Bowen Family Systems Theory (BFST) as a resource for ministers engaged in such reflection. A case study of a ministry situation of a pastor in a heterogeneous inner city congregation serves to illustrate the dual contribution BFST can make to a minister's ability to do this essential work. In the first place, the theory serves as a personal resource for the minister seeking to assume the non-reactive stance necessary for any attempt to understand more clearly the dynamics involved in a ministry situation. Closely related to this is the capacity of the theory's conceptual framework to provide an accurate and in-depth understanding of the often unrecognized but always determinative emotional process present in a situation. Enabling ministers to “see” these systemic dynamics is the unique contribution BFST can make to the first step, description, in John Macquarrie's three-dimensional methodology for doing theological reflection and, therefore, to the last two steps, interpretation and application. All three dimensions of Macquarrie's methodology are identified. The article also examines some of the possible causes for the frequent absence of theological reflection from the practice of ministry.

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Crush, J. R., and J. S. Rowarth. "The role of C4grasses in New Zealand pastoral systems." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 2 (June 2007): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288230709510287.

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Schleiner, Louise. "Pastoral male friendship and Miltonic marriage: Textual systems transposed." Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 2, no. 1 (July 1990): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10436929008580044.

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Godinho, Sérgio, Peter Surovy, Adélia Sousa, and Artur Gil. "Advances in remote-sensing applications in silvo-pastoral systems." International Journal of Remote Sensing 39, no. 14 (August 1, 2018): 4565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1476012.

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Ayantunde, A. A., J. de Leeuw, M. D. Turner, and M. Said. "Challenges of assessing the sustainability of (agro)-pastoral systems." Livestock Science 139, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.019.

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Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E., and Sonya Le Febre. "Mobility in pastoral systems: Dynamic flux or downward trend?" International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 13, no. 5 (October 2006): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500609469685.

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Vogeler, Iris, Ronaldo Vibart, Alec Mackay, Samuel Dennis, Vicki Burggraaf, and Josef Beautrais. "Modelling pastoral farm systems — Scaling from farm to region." Science of The Total Environment 482-483 (June 2014): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.134.

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Metawi, H. "505 Transformation of traditional pastoral livestock systems of Egypt." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_3 (December 2018): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky404.1095.

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Pardini, Andrea, and Michele Nori. "Agro-silvo-pastoral systems in Italy: integration and diversification." Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 1 (2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-1-26.

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Gado, Byll O. Kperou, Ismaïla Toko Imorou, Ousséni Arouna, and Madjidou Oumorou. "Caractérisation des parcours de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W au Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i2.3.

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La caractérisation des parcours naturels est un enjeu majeur pour protéger ces derniers et maintenir la productivité des systèmes d’élevage pastoraux. Cette recherche a été réalisée à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W du Bénin. Le but est de mieux connaître les écosystèmes pâturés autour de la réserve et d’analyser la perception des éleveurs transhumants sur ces pâturages. Les approches phytosociologique et socio-économique ont été utilisées. Au total 225 personnes ont été interrogées. Les résultats ont révélé 132 espèces végétales réparties en 93 genres et 41 familles sur des pâturages à Spermacoce radiata et Anogeissus leiocarpa, Kyllinga squamulata et Diospyros mespiliformis, Alysicarpus glumaceus et Detarium microcarpum, Paspalum scrobiculatum et Prosopis africana. Le choix de cette zone par les transhumants nationaux et sahéliens est lié à la bonne valeur pastorale (52,79% dans les pâturages à Paspalum crobiculatum et Prosopis africana), la richesse en essences fourragères riches en énergie (Poaceae) et en protéines (Leguminosae et Rubiaceae). La zone est soumise à de fortes pressions anthropiques qui engendrent des difficultés d’alimentation du bétail. Les éleveurs utilisent ainsi leurs savoirs sur les ressources fourragères pour s’adapter. Ils connaissent bien celles qui sont les plus appétées par les animaux et celles devenues rares ou en voie de disparition. Mots clés : Phytosociologie, perception, valeur pastorale, embroussaillement. English Title:Characterization of the transhumance route at the periphery of the transboundary biosphere reserve in W Benin The characterization of natural rangelands is a major challenge to protect them and maintain the productivity of pastoral livestock systems. This research was carried out on the outskirts of the W B. transboundary biosphere reserve in Benin. The aim was to have a better understanding of the grazed ecosystems around the reserve and to analyze the perception of transhumant pastoralists on these pastures. Phytosociological and socio-economic approaches were used. A total of 225 people were interviewed. The results revealed 132 plants species divided into 93 genera and 41 families on pastures with Spermacoce radiata and Anogeissus leiocarpa, Kyllinga squamulata and Diospyros mespiliformis, Alysicarpus glumaceus and Detarium microcarpum, Paspalum scrobiculatum and Prosopis africana. The choice of this area by national and Sahelian transhumants is linked to the good pastoral value (52.79% in pastures with Paspalum scrobiculatum and Prosopis africana), the richness in fodder species rich in energy (Poaceae) and proteins (Leguminosae and Rubiaceae). The area is subject to strong anthropogenic pressures which cause difficulties in feeding livestock. Breeders use their knowledge of fodder resources to adapt. They are familiar with those that are the most palatable by animals and those that have become rare or endangered. Keywords: Phytosociology, perception, pastoral value, encroachment.

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Ilyas, Hafiz Muhammad Abrar, Majeed Safa, Alison Bailey, Sara Rauf, and Azeem Khan. "Energy Efficiency Outlook of New Zealand Dairy Farming Systems: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010251.

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This study evaluates energy efficiency of pastoral (PDFs) and barn (BDFs) dairy farming systems in New Zealand through application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Two models constant return to scale (CCR) and variable return to scale (BCC) of DEA were employed for determining the technical (TE), pure technical (PTE) and scale (SE) efficiencies of New Zealand pastoral and barn dairy systems. Further, benchmarking was also performed to separate efficient and inefficient dairy farms and energy saving potential was identified for both dairy systems based upon their optimal energy consumption. For this study, the energy inputs data were taken from 50 dairy farms (including PDFs and BDFs) across Canterbury, New Zealand. The results indicated that the average technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies of pastoral (PDFs) dairy systems were 0.84, 0.90, 0.93 and for barn (BDFs) systems were 0.78, 0.84, 0.92, respectively, showing that energy efficiency is slightly better in PDFs system than the BDFs. From the total number of dairy farms 40% and 48% were efficient based on the constant return to scale and variable return to scale models, respectively. Further, the energy saving potential for PDFs and BDFs dairy systems through optimal energy consumption were identified as 23% and 35%, respectively. Thus, energy auditing, use of renewable energy and precision agricultural technology were recommended for energy efficiency improvement in both dairy systems.

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Magnani, Sergio. "Socio-Technical Objects at the Crossroads Between 'Universal' Policy Models for Livestock Production Development, Local Practices and Dynamics of Change." Nomadic Peoples 24, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/np.2020.240208.

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Relationships between public policy, resource management and the larger economic contexts remain poorly understood in the African drylands. A better understanding of changes in pastoral systems requires shifting the focus from a static and linear analysis to a dynamic one encompassing processes, relationships and contexts.<br/> A three-year fieldwork research experience on three different case studies in Senegal has led to the identification of three material objects at the interface between pastoral systems and development interventions: cattle breeds, feeding and milk. Such objects are at the heart of pastoral systems, and are typically crucial to policymakers' attempts to intensify pastoral production.<br/> By raising the example of cattle feeding in Northern Senegal, I suggest that a methodological and analytical framework focusing on the socio-political dimensions of technical objects can be useful to analyse the encounter between the linear and universal input/output rationality of livestock development models and those of pastoralists, based on the embeddedness of socio-political, economic and environmental variability.<br/> Such an approach, I thus argue, can be used to deconstruct production models, highlighting the context of production and the modes of operation of the social actors. This could open up a space to describe social and technical change beyond abstract and 'universal' development models, and to promote more inclusive and empirically based policy-making.

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OUMA, ROBERT, ANDREW MUDE, and JEANNETTE VAN DE STEEG. "DEALING WITH CLIMATE-RELATED RISKS: SOME PIONEERING IDEAS FOR ENHANCED PASTORAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479710000888.

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SUMMARYThis paper makes the case for innovative risk management approaches in pastoral settings, which may include adjustments to the traditionally practiced approaches that have become progressively less effective. We use recent data from studies in Kenya and southern Ethiopia to confirm that traditional pastoral risk management approaches are increasingly futile against increasing external pressures, seasonal rainfall variability and future climate change. Some pioneering approaches and ideas, with potentially wider application to African pastoral settings, appear to offer greater hope; these include pilot studies designed to demonstrate the efficacy of index-based risk transfer products in pastoral systems, improvements in the management of food insecurity response for pastoralists and the recasting of development interventions as risk management. The International Livestock Research Institute, in collaboration with a wide range of partners, is currently testing these ideas.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pastoral systems'

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