Journal articles on the topic 'Pastes, glues'
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Gadhave, Ravindra V., Prakash A. Mahanwar, and Pradeep T. Gadekar. "Starch Stabilized Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion: Review." Polymers from Renewable Resources 9, no. 2 (May 2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791800900203.
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The Increasing global energy crisis and scarcity of petroleum resources has shifted the focus of the hemical industries to look for alternative raw material resources. The main focus of raw materials in wood adhesives, such as petroleum and natural gas [1,2], would be gradually replaced by renewable bio-resource polymers. Starch is a relatively an inexpensive and renewable product from abundant plants, easy processing and it has been extensively used as paper binders, sizing materials, glues and pastes [3], but its bonding capacity is not strong enough to glue substrate like wood, paper. Conventionally available wood adhesive emulsions are colloid like polyvinyl alcohol stabilized. A new research on biodegradable, renewable, environmentally friendly starch stabilized polyvinyl acetate emulsion that was synthesized by the graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto starch. In this paper, we reviewed starch as colloid for synthesis of polyvinyl acetate emulsion.
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Psilodimitrakopoulos, Sotiris, Evaggelia Gavgiotaki, Kristallia Melessanaki, Vassilis Tsafas, and George Filippidis. "Polarization Second Harmonic Generation Discriminates Between Fresh and Aged Starch-Based Adhesives Used in Cultural Heritage." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 5 (September 13, 2016): 1072–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616011570.
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AbstractIn this work, we report that polarization second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy, commonly used in biomedical imaging, can quantitatively discriminate naturally aged from fresh starch-based glues used for conservation or restoration of paintings, works of art on paper, and books. Several samples of fresh and aged (7 years) flour and starch pastes were investigated by use of PSHG. In these types of adhesives, widely used in cultural heritage conservation, second harmonic generation (SHG) contrast originates primarily from the starch granules. It was found that in aged glues, the starch SHG effective orientation (SHG angle, θ) shifts to significantly higher values in comparison to the fresh granules. This shift is attributed to the different degree of granule hydration between fresh and aged adhesives. Thus noninvasive high-resolution nonlinear scattering can be employed to detect and quantify the degree of deterioration of restoration adhesives and to provide guidance toward future conservation treatments.
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Kuznetsov, G. V., and K. M. Mukhammadeev. "Numerical estimation of errors of temperature measurements by thermocouples using special glues and pastes." Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 19, no. 1 (February 16, 2010): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1810232810010030.
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IOELOVICH, MICHAEL. "Peculiarities of cellulose nanoparticles." May 2014 13, no. 5 (June 1, 2014): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.5.45.
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The effects of sulfuric acid concentration and temperature have been studied to optimize the preparation of crystalline nanoparticles (CNP) and amorphous nanoparticles (ANP) of cellulose. To isolate CNP with increased yield (67%-70%) requires hydrolysis with warm 58-60 wt% sulfuric acid. CNP having average sizes of 150 × 15 nm and heightened yield can be obtained by using optimal hydrolysis conditions together with vigorous disintegration. Because of its highly crystalline structure, CNP have increased specific gravity and low hydrophility and accessibility. CNP potentially can be used as a nano-filler to improve properties of pastes, glues, paints, and coating compositions. To isolate ANP having an average diameter of 100 nm with the optimal yield (65-67%), cold 65-66 wt% sulfuric acid should be used in combination with vigorous disintegration. Because of their amorphous structure, ANP acquire such specific features as increased content of functional groups, high accessibility, enhanced sorption ability and hydrophility, and high viscosity and thickening ability. Given the specific features of ANP, their main application area might be for immobilization of biological active substances and drugs, filling and thickening of cosmetic and medicine remedies (e.g., pastes, creams, sprays, etc.).
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T. K Adebayo, A. S Daramola, I. A. Abdulraheem, and K. A. Jimoh. "Effect of inclusion of velvet bean on the proximate composition and functional properties of the wheat-plantain flour blends." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2474.
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Wheat flour is a flour of choice in confectionary industries due to the component gluten. Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption. Plantain is a popular dietary staple crop in Nigeria due to its versatility and good nutritional value. It is starchy, the less sweet variety can be used either ripe or unripe, they are very good sources of carbohydrate for more than 50 million people. Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), belongs to the Fabaceae family, it is part of various legumes which is not commonly used by people as a result of anti-nutrients. Velvet bean is commonly grown in the tropical and subtropical part of the world. This study therefore investigated effect of inclusion of velvet bean on the proximate composition and functional properties of wheat-plantain flour blends. The procured velvet bean and plantain were thoroughly washed, peeled, dried and converted into flours. Wheat, plantain and Velvet flours composite were prepared in the ratio 240:37.5:22.5, 210:60:30 and 150:105:45 respectively and 100% wheat flour was used as the control. The samples were evaluated for their proximate and functional properties. proximate revealed that moisture ranged from 9.06-11.62%, crude protein 11.93-13.33%, crude fat 0.97-1.53%, crude fibre 0.24-0.51%, ash 0.901.31% and carbohydrates 73.60-74.80%. Functional properties revealed that loose bulk density ranged from 0.40-0.43, pack bulk density 0.60-0.63, water absorption capacity 66.18-87.56, swelling power 463.37-530.77, solubility index 6.05-8.24, dispersibility 69.75-74.25 and LGC 12.4015.50. Addition of plantain and velvet beans flours significantly (p < .05) improved the crude protein, crude fibre and carbohydrate in respect to the composites. Water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling power of the composites were significantly (p < .05) improved thus making them viable in baking applications, as thickeners and binders in food products and non-food uses in adhesives and pastes/glues.
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You, Song E., and Yong Jea Chung. "Characteristics of the Stamp Image by Different Binders of Red Stamp Ink Pastes." Journal of Conservation Science 38, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 534–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2022.38.5.14.
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The material properties of the stamp ink paste determine the shape, differences in color, imprint characteristics, and damage patterns of the stamp images. It was previously confirmed that the major difference between the records of the preparation of red ink pastes was that the type of colorant was different for oil and glue. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of stamp images for each colorant of stamp ink paste were investigated, the shape and physicochemical changes in the stamp at different environmental conditions were compared, and the presence of microorganisms was determined. In animal glue stamp images, the pigment filled the fibrous pores on the support surface, and as deterioration progressed, the stamp image was not significantly damaged. Investigation of the surface of the castor oil stamp images confirmed that the stamp ink paste was entirely adsorbed onto the support fiber. Additionally, oil that diffused around the stamp images during stamping was a factor causing the yellowing of the support. Using these results, it was possible to identify the yellowing around the stamp images observed in the current artifact. In addition to stamp ink paste, stamp images, and mineral pigment elements, stamp ink paste also needs to be comprehensively studied, particularly the type of oil, stamp material, and containing agent.
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Gržan, Tomislav, Lucianna Grieco, Vjekoslav Živković, and Goran Mihulja. "UV Irradiation of Wood Surface: Bonding Properties." Polymers 15, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112552.
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Various surface modification techniques have been developed to improve synthetic polymer surfaces’ wetting, adhesion, and printing by adding various functional (polar) groups. UV irradiation has been proposed as a suitable procedure to achieve adequate surface modifications of such polymers, which can be of further use to bond many compounds of interest. The activation of the surface, the favourable wetting properties, and the increased micro tensile strength of the substrate after short-term UV irradiation suggest that such pretreatment can also improve the bonding of the wood-glue system. Thus, this study aims to determine the feasibility of UV irradiation for pretreatment of wood surfaces before gluing and to determine the properties of wooden glued joints prepared in this way. UV irradiation was used to modify variously machined pieces of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) before gluing. Six sets of samples were prepared for each machining process. Samples prepared in this manner were exposed to irradiation on a UV line. Each radiation level had a certain number of passes through the UV line, the more passes, the stronger the irradiation. Thus, the radiation levels were as follows: 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 passes. The dose (energy delivered on the wood surface) in one pass was 2.36 J/cm2. A wetting angle test with glue, a compressive shear strength test of lap joints, and designation of main failure patterns were used to evaluate the properties of wooden glued joints. Wetting angle test was performed according to EN 828, while the compressive shear strength test samples were prepared and tested following the ISO 6238 standard. The tests were conducted using a polyvinyl acetate adhesive. The study found that UV irradiation before gluing improved the bonding properties of variously machined wood.
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Roongrujimek, Pitchaya, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, and Surachai Dechkunakorn. "Elution Study of Three Light-Cured Orthodontic Adhesives." Solid State Phenomena 294 (July 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.294.59.
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Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate monomer elution from three commercial orthodontic adhesive pastes. Methods: Three monomers BPA, Bis-GMA, and TEGDMA were observed from Green Glue (Hangzhou Westlake Biomaterials Co., Zhejiang, China), GrenGloo (Ormco Co., Glendora, CA, USA), and Transbond XT (3M Unitek, St. Paul, MN, USA). The adhesive was light-cured in a cylindrical mold with 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, before immediately immerse into 10 ml extraction media of 75%ethanol in a tightly sealed container at 37°C. The solution was refreshed at four intervals of time 1, 3, 5, and 7 d. The immersion medium was determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results and Conclusions: BPA were found from three adhesives. Bis-GMA was found only from Transbond XT. TEGDMA were found from both Green Glue and Grengloo. Green Glue had 10-30 times higher TEGDMA elution than Grengloo. Major elution was found from all orthodontic adhesive paste within 1 d, and decrease with time to 7 d.
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Сhernaya, N. V., Zh S. Shashok, S. V. Karpova, E. P. Uss, and O. A. Misyurov. "Application of weak cationic polyelectrolytes in paper and cardboard efficiency improvment technology." Forestry Bulletin 26, no. 3 (June 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-3-105-114.
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The article considers the effect of weak cationic polyelectrolytes on the structure- and paper-forming properties of glued fibrous suspensions and the quality of glued and coated paper and cardboard samples obtained from them. It is shown for the first time that the efficiency of using cationic polyelectrolytes increases by 2…3 times due to a change in the sequence of its introduction into glued fibrous suspensions (cellulose and waste paper) in relation to rosin emulsion and electrolyte, as well as by «correction» their dosages. It is found that the use of the developed technology allows cationic polyelectrolytes to participate not only in the process of flocculation, but also in the formation of new sizing complexes in the form of finely dispersed positively charged peptized particles. It is revealed that the replacement of the sizing process in the homocoagulation mode with a more efficient mode of heteroadagulation of peptized particles due to the use of weakly basic cationic polyelectrolytes provides an increase in hydrophobicity and strength of the glued types of paper and cardboard. The expediency of using cationic polyelectrolytes to obtain high-quality products in the developed resource-saving and ecologically safe technology of glued types of paper and cardboard is substantiated based on the established increase in the degree of retention of fibers and sizing complexes and the simultaneous decrease in the content of suspended solids in recycled water. It is determined that the coating of glued paper and cardboard samples obtained with weakly basic cationic polyelectrolytes improves the printing properties of the resulting products. Recommendations are given for replacing the traditionally used complex of natural compounds in the coating paste formulation, including oxidized starch (2,0 parts by weight), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0,7 parts by weight) and casein glue (2,0 parts by weight), for one synthetic binder — modified urea-formaldehyde oligomer (3,2 parts by weight).
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Gečys, Tomas, Kęstutis Gurkšnys, and Konstantin Rasiulis. "INTERACTION RESEARCH INTO CONNECTION BETWEEN THREADED STEEL ROD AND GLULAM." Engineering Structures and Technologies 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2011): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2011.01.
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The article discusses the main methods for steel threaded rods pasted into timber. Single – threaded steel rod carrying capacity glued onto glulam (timber cross section – 100 x 100 mm, threaded rod – M12 and M16) has been experimentally determined. Behaviour based on the experimental results of two different methods for pasting rods into timber has been summarized: the first threaded steel rod was glued into 4 mm bigger diameter hole while the second – rod chased into 2 mm smaller diameter hole. The conducted experiment used 800 mm length glulam beams; threaded steel rods were glued to both ends of specimens (equal theoretical carrying capacity). The experiment in the tension of both ends was carried out. The obtained results were compared with theoretical expressions submitted in EC 5 – 1 – 1:2005 and STR 2.05.07:2005. The main dependences of geometrical parameters and carrying capacity have been provided. The main collapse forms of specimens and manufacturing defects having influence on the final carrying capacity and behaviour of the joint have been observed. Using the first method, a failure in the pasted rod occurs suddenly when timber splits along the fibre; in the second case, a failure is plastic when timber is compressed under thread. Additional experiments must be carried out using the first technology increasing the class of the strength of the pasted rod as under the maximum length of paste, in all cases, failure in the pasted rod occurred when a steel bar cracked. Along with an increase in the diameter of the rod, the dispersion of the results of the affixed slender part is increasing. Maximum variation in the results of applying the first method is 10%, whereas the second method of attaching makes 50%. Compared to the first method of attaching, the results of theoretical bearing capacity indicate that tests have an adequate margin which is equal to or is more than 2,0. A comparison of the second method of attaching results to theoretical bearing capacity makes clear that the experimental results of the tests have too low safety factor and in some cases are less than 1.0. This is due to the fact that the counting of attaching technology in some cases must be based on local compressed timber strength. The experimental study of two different methods for attaching steel bars reveals that the first method can be used in design practice considering both documents STR 2.05.07:2005 and EC 5-1-1:2005. The second method of attaching must be developed to ensure smooth rod surface coating adhesive. Attaching the second method should also be created in the exact form corresponding to the disintegration of the calculation model.
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Кантиева, Ekaterina Kantieva, Разиньков, Egor Razinkov, Сладких, and German Sladkikh. "Decrease in the deflection of the furniture boards revetted paper and layered plastic." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17418.
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One of the main objectives of the enterprises for production of furniture is decrease in a material capacity of production and as a result decrease in its prime cost. Producers of kitchen table-tops for this purpose pass to production of table-tops of the combined design, replacing thick wood-shaving plates 25, 38 mm thick, with thinner 16 mm.For maintenance of more massive appearance of such table-tops to thin wood chipboard in the longitudinal direction at the edges of a board paste longitudinal strips from chipboard. The economy of material can lead to a deflection, the received table-tops. In this work the deflection of table-tops of the combined design was investigated. For studying of the reasons of emergence of a deflection and ways of its decrease the samples received in laboratory and working conditions were investigated. For pasting of boards from chipboard the paper and layered plastic used glue on the basis of polyvinyl acetate dispersion and the combined glue with various ratio of urea-formaldehyde resinand polyvinyl acetate dispersion. At the first stage defined a deflection of not revertedwood-shaving plates. Then controlled change of a deflection after gluing of plastic, paper from the back (and, paper and plastic made a veneering consistently and at the same time), after gluing of levels from chipboard. The deflection was defined in various directions of a furniture board in dynamics. Determined durability of gluing of plastic by above-mentioned glues. As a result of work it is established that the veneering of the front and reverse parties of plates in a hot press needs to be made at the same time. By production of the combined design of table-tops it is more expedient to use pure polyvinyl acetate dispersion. Durability on a plastic separation from wood-shaving plates is higher when using of the mixed glue on the basis of polyvinyl acetate dispersion and urea-formaldehyde resin.
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Chornaya, N. V., S. V. Karpova, O. A. Misyurov, and N. I. Bogdanovich. "Application of Urea-Formaldehyde Oligomer for Quality Improvment of Paper and Cardboard Products." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 6 (December 10, 2020): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-6-182-193.
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The applicability of the developed binary system of synthetic compounds in coating paste, consisting of urea-formaldehyde oligomer (2 pts. wt. to the coating paste weight) and latex (16 pts. wt.), is found. It replaces the generally used complex of natural compounds, such as modified starch (3 pts. wt.), Na-CMC (2 pts. wt.), and casein glue (1 pts. wt.), in the presence of latex (16–32 pts. wt.). The properties of the coating paste samples met the standards, as evidenced by the viscosity according to the viscometer VZ-4 (13–17 s), the content of dry substances (50–54 %) and pH (9.0–10.5). The proposed urea-formaldehyde oligomer is combined with the present components and, as compared to natural compounds, does not increase the viscosity of the coating paste, has a high cohesive force, participating in the binding of pigment particles with one another, has the necessary adhesive capacity for ensuring a stable bond of the applied coating layer with the surface of paper and cardboard, does not prevent the uniform distribution of pigment particles on the base surface, and gives stability to the coating paste. These phenomena can be explained by the supplementary presence of positively charged nitrogen-containing groups (amine and amide) in the ureaformaldehyde oligomer. The latter contribute to the enhancement of cohesive and adhesive interactions in coating pastes and coatings composed of them. Assessment of a section of the coated paper (cardboard) showed that one part of the binder adjoins the base (paper, cardboard) penetrating into its pores and capillaries, the other surrounds the pigment particles, and the third occupies (completely or partially) the spaces between the particles. An increase in the surface resistance to plucking and breaking length by 6.0–8.5 and 15–20 %, respectively, is shown on the samples of light-coated newsprint and polygraphic cardboard. This allows considering the urea-formaldehyde oligomer as an alternative to natural compounds. Herewith, whiteness (85–87 %) and smoothness (250–265 s) meet the requirements. Changing the formulation of the coating paste is economically justified, since material costs for the production of coated paper and cardboard products are reduced by 1–2 %.
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Liu, Ruiyue, Zhenzhen Wu, Quan Peng, Yu Zhang, and Jiejun Wang. "Experimental Study on the Axial Compression Performance of Glued Wood Hollow Cylinders Reinforced with BFRP." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416827.
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The present paper investigates the impact of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) on the axial compression performance of glued wood hollow cylinders. This study aims to facilitate the application of BFRP in the field of structural reinforcement of glued wood hollow columns. Ten glued laminated wood hollow columns of the same size were designed and placed into five groups (ZC1 and ZRC2 to ZRC5), of which one group (ZC1), with a total of two pure wooden columns, was not arranged with BFRP, and the remaining two wooden columns in each group were arranged with BFRP at different distances. The destruction mode, ultimate load capacity, load–displacement curve, load–strain curve, and ultimate load capacity–total area of the BFRP paste curve of each specimen were obtained by conducting axial compression tests on five groups of wood columns reinforced with different basalt fiber cloths, which revealed the damage mechanism, the relationship between the ultimate load capacity and total area of BFRP paste, and pointed out the most effective area ratio. The test results show that the destruction mode of axially pressed, glued, laminated wood hollow columns is typical compression buckling damage, mainly manifested as follows: the wood at the middle or end of the specimen under pressure first buckles; then, with the increase in load, the specimen is crushed; at this time, the maximum ultimate bearing capacity of each specimen is in the range of 296.77~375.85 kN, the maximum longitudinal displacement is in the range of 2.77~3.38 mm, and longitudinal cracks appear at the end. It is worth noting that the growth rate of the ultimate bearing capacity varies with the increase in the total area of the BFRP paste. When the total area of the BFRP paste is less than a 3.2 × 105 mm2 range value, the growth rate of the ultimate bearing capacity is faster, and then, the growth rate gradually becomes slower. The optimum BFRP paste area ratio can be taken as k = 0.59. The ultimate bearing capacity after reinforcement increases from 11.06% to 26.65% compared with the pure wood column. According to GB50005-2017, “wood structure design standards” improve the hollow wood column bearing capacity calculation method and fit the BFRP reinforced hollow wood column’s ultimate bearing capacity calculation formula; the errors are within ±10%, which can provide a reference for the practical application of BFRP in the field of reinforcing glued wood hollow cylindrical structures.
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Azab, Shereen M., and Amany M. Fekry. "The application of a bee glue-modified sensor in daclatasvir dual effect detection." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 20 (2017): 11846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj01517h.
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A simple and novel carbon paste sensor containing chemically mixed propolis (bee glue) and graphene oxide (GO) was prepared, then electrochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed to fabricate a selective and sensible electrochemical sensor to detect Daclatasvir (DAC).
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Lee, Wen-Yuan, Kai-Yuan Liu, Wan-Yu Wu, Cheng-Lung Tsai, Wei-An Wu, and Hou-Feng Li. "Drugstore Beetle Damage Pattern of Glue Paste-Lined Oil Paintings." Journal of Economic Entomology 115, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab234.
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Abstract A glue paste lining is a traditional conservation treatment used to reinforce the aged canvas of oil paintings. Several insect infestation cases concerning glue paste-lined oil paintings have been reported around the world, particularly in European countries. In 2008, Chimei Museum, a private museum located in Tainan, Taiwan, was affected by a severe beetle infestation of oil paintings. To confirm the infesting insects and to quantify the damage pattern for further development of control and monitoring methods, three severely damaged paintings were examined along with the restoration procedure. A total of four insect species were collected. The drugstore beetle, Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleopter: Ptinidae), was the primary pest found in all three paintings investigated and was identified based on morphological and genetic data. Thrips and booklice were considered secondary pests, and a Pteromalid wasp was speculated to have a parasitic relationship with the drugstore beetle. Drugstore beetle larvae mainly bored into the glue paste layer and original canvas and required only 5.94 ± 1.38 mm3 of feed to grow from egg to pupa. Their bores were not evenly distributed, and most of them were found in the shaded area covered by the stretcher and outer frame. The body length of drugstore beetles varied, ranging from 1.67 to 2.75 mm, which may explain the various sizes of exit holes on gummed tape surrounding the frame. Detailed and quantified information on drugstore beetle’s pattern of damage provided in this study will be beneficial for further developing conservation practices and inspection methods.
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Rahman, Mohammad Mizanur, Muhammad Mosleh Uddin, Mohammad Elias Hossain, and Md Moshiur Rahman. "Topical application of hemostatic paste." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 10, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v10i1.30662.
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<p>As a measure to control minor surgical bleeding, surgeons usually depend on a number of hemostatic aids. Topical use of bovine thrombin is a widely used procedure to arrest such minor bleeding. A 35 year old male sergeant of Bangladesh Air Force presented with repeated development of hematoma in his left thigh without any history of trauma or previous history of bleeding. Critical analysis of the patient’s history, routine and sophisticated hematological investigations revealed that the patient developed anti-thrombin antibody following the application of hemostatic paste in the tooth socket five years back during minor dental procedure to stop ignorable bleeding episodes. Therefore, topical use of hemostatic glue/paste or bovine thrombin should be avoided to desist minor bleeding as recombinant human thrombin is now available for topical use.</p>
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Li, Yongqian, Zhigang Wang, Chi Xiao, Yinming Zhao, Yaxin Zhu, and Zili Zhou. "Strain Transfer Characteristics of Resistance Strain-Type Transducer Using Elastic-Mechanical Shear Lag Theory." Sensors 18, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082420.
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The strain transfer characteristics of resistance strain gauge are theoretically investigated. A resistance strain-type transducer is modeled to be a four-layer and two-glue (FLTG) structure model, which comprises successively the surface of an elastomer sensitive element, a ground adhesive glue, a film substrate layer, an upper adhesive glue, a sensitive grids layer, and a polymer cover. The FLTG model is studied in elastic–mechanical shear lag theory, and the strain transfer progress in a resistance strain-type transducer is described. The strain transitional zone (STZ) is defined and the strain transfer ratio (STR) of the FLTG structure is formulated. The dependences of the STR and STZ on both the dimensional sizes of the adhesive glue and structural parameters are calculated. The results indicate that the width, thickness and shear modulus of the ground adhesive glue have a greater influence on the STZ ratio. To ensure that the resistance strain gauge has excellent strain transfer performance and low hysteresis, it is recommended that the paste thickness should be strictly controlled, and the STZ ratio should be less than 10%. Moreover, the STR strongly depends on the length and width of the sensitive grids.
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Bidakov, Andrii, Ieugeniy Raspopov, Oksana Pustovoitova, and Bogdan Strashko. "STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF GLUED-IN STEEL RODS WITH DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN CLT PANELS CROSS SECTION." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 53 (October 31, 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.53.1888.
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New types of wood based building materials to which the CLT refers require an accurate evaluation of the strength of varioustypes of connections. CLT panels connections with glued-in steel rods are of interest due to the possibility of creating quickmounted and rigid joints in the factory. Since the CLT have the structure of the perpendicular orientated boards in adjacentlayers, the strength and behaviour of the pasted rods is difficult to predict. The purpose of this study was to establish thestrength of the glued-in rods by pull-pull tests with different locations relative to the boards layers in the cross-section of theCLT panel. Diameter of all considered steel rods was smaller than thick of timber planks 30 mm in 5-lyers CLT specimenswithout gaps and stress relieves. Anchored length of rods in all specimens was 100 mm by using two component epoxy adhesive system.
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John, A. T., E. Nwankwo, Solomon Teminusi Orumu, and S. O. Osuji. "Structural Performance of Externally Strengthened Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams by Glued Steel Plate." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.9.1480.
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This paper examines both flexural and shear behaviour of eight full-scale (2700×160×100-mm) reinforced concrete rectangular beams subjected to one-third point load. Two types of beams were investigated; Type-E and Type-C. Type-E are reinforced concrete rectangular beams strengthened externally by 1.5mm thick structural steel plate glued to the tensile face with epoxy as adhesive while type-C are reinforced concrete rectangular beams without structural steel plate glued to the tensile face. An average concrete strength of 30N/mm2 at 28 days was used. Required internal reinforcement according to BS 8110-1:1997 was provided for the concrete rectangular beams. Before the beams were externally strengthened, the beam surface to be plated was gritted to take off the cement membrane and to open up the aggregates. Epoxy adhesive was applied as a paste to both the plate and concrete surfaces: the two surfaces were then put together and held in place under pressure of 3.84kN/m2 until the glue was cured. The beams were subjected to flexural testing after 28 days, using loading frame. Each of the rectangular beams support at both ends were subjected to one-third point load, deflection readings were recorded using a dial gauge at every 1.82kN increment. At ultimate load, the beams failed by a crack initiated at the bottom fiber of the beams. From the test results, an average flexural and shear strengths of Type-C beams are; 21.91N/mm2 and 1.05N/mm2 respectively, while type-E beams are; 28.91N/mm2 and 1.39N/mm2 respectively. The results of the investigation showed that flexural and shear strengths of reinforced concrete rectangular beam increased when strengthened externally by bonded steel plate. A straightforward analytical procedure was developed to validate the experiment results of type-E and type-C beams, using rectangular stress block for concrete. Experimental average failure load for beams Type-C and Type-E are 22.44kN and 29.60kN respectively while theoretical failure load for Type-C and Type-E beams are 20.86kNand 31.2kN respectively. Generally, there were acceptably fair correlations between analytical and experimental failure loads of Type-C and Type-E beams.
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John, A. T., E. Nwankwo, Solomon Teminusi Orumu, and S. O. Osuji. "Structural Performance of Externally Strengthened Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams by Glued Steel Plate." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.9.1480.
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This paper examines both flexural and shear behaviour of eight full-scale (2700×160×100-mm) reinforced concrete rectangular beams subjected to one-third point load. Two types of beams were investigated; Type-E and Type-C. Type-E are reinforced concrete rectangular beams strengthened externally by 1.5mm thick structural steel plate glued to the tensile face with epoxy as adhesive while type-C are reinforced concrete rectangular beams without structural steel plate glued to the tensile face. An average concrete strength of 30N/mm2 at 28 days was used. Required internal reinforcement according to BS 8110-1:1997 was provided for the concrete rectangular beams. Before the beams were externally strengthened, the beam surface to be plated was gritted to take off the cement membrane and to open up the aggregates. Epoxy adhesive was applied as a paste to both the plate and concrete surfaces: the two surfaces were then put together and held in place under pressure of 3.84kN/m2 until the glue was cured. The beams were subjected to flexural testing after 28 days, using loading frame. Each of the rectangular beams support at both ends were subjected to one-third point load, deflection readings were recorded using a dial gauge at every 1.82kN increment. At ultimate load, the beams failed by a crack initiated at the bottom fiber of the beams. From the test results, an average flexural and shear strengths of Type-C beams are; 21.91N/mm2 and 1.05N/mm2 respectively, while type-E beams are; 28.91N/mm2 and 1.39N/mm2 respectively. The results of the investigation showed that flexural and shear strengths of reinforced concrete rectangular beam increased when strengthened externally by bonded steel plate. A straightforward analytical procedure was developed to validate the experiment results of type-E and type-C beams, using rectangular stress block for concrete. Experimental average failure load for beams Type-C and Type-E are 22.44kN and 29.60kN respectively while theoretical failure load for Type-C and Type-E beams are 20.86kNand 31.2kN respectively. Generally, there were acceptably fair correlations between analytical and experimental failure loads of Type-C and Type-E beams.
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Qu, Jin Dong, Bai Zhan Li, and Jia Hui Peng. "Influence of Retarders on the Microstructure of Hardened Building Gypsum Paste and the Mechanism of its Strength Loss." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.313.
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In this paper, by using scanning electric micrograph and mercury intrusion porosimetry, the effects of three types of retarders such as citric acid, sodium polyphosphate, as well as bone glue on crystal morphology and pore structure of hardened gypsum paste have been systemically studied and then the internal cause of strength loss are put forward. The results show that the addition of retarders reduces supersaturation degree in liquid phase during early hydration of hemihydrates, and causes the change of the growth habits and transformation of crystal morphology of dihydrate gypsum from need-like to short prismatic, which correspondingly leads to large size crystals and weakening of the interlacing together of individual crystals. As a result, pore structure of hardened gypsum paste is worsened, which is mainly embodied in the increase of pore size and macro-pore (＞1μm ) fraction to a large extent, ultimately leading to the strength loss of hardened gypsum paste.
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Dobrovolskaya, O. B., A. E. Dresvyannikova, E. D. Badaeva, K. I. Popova, M. Trávníčková, and P. Martinek. "The study of genetic factors that determine the awned glume trait in bread wheat." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 24, no. 6 (October 28, 2020): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj20.650.
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Awns are bristle‐like structures, typically extending from the tip end of the lemmas in the florets of cereal species, including such economically important crops as wheat (Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). The presence of long awns adhered at tip end of glumes is a characteristic feature of “Persian wheat” T. carthlicum Nevski spike. Glume outgrowth of T. carthlicum Nevski spike passes into a long awn, equal in length to the lemma awn. Awned glumes can be formed in T. aestivum and T. aethiopicum wheats, however, such forms are rare. Features of the awned glume development and the genetic determinants of this trait have been little studied. In this paper, we described the features of the development and inheritance of the tetra-awness (awned glume) trait of the bread wheat T. aestivum line CD 1167-8, using classical genetic analysis, molecular genetic mapping, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the trait is inherited as a recessive monogenic. The gene for the awned glume trait of CD 1167-8 was mapped in the long arm of chromosome 5A, using the Illumina Infinium 15K Wheat Array (TraitGenetics GmbH), containing 15,000 SNPs associated with wheat genes. Results of allelism test and molecular-genetic mapping suggest that the gene for awned glumes in bread wheat is a recessive allele of the B1 awn suppressor. This new allele was designated the b1.ag (b1. awned glume). Analysis of the CD 1167-8 inflorescence development, using scanning electron microscopy, showed that awns had grown from the top of the lemmas and glumes simultaneously, and no differences in patterns of their development were found.
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Xu, Weifeng, Xi Wang, Yuying Shangguan, and Yanhe Li. "Experimential Study on Failure Mode and Ultimate Shear Bonding Force of CFRP Plate-Steel Interface under Anchor Compression." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2160, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2160/1/012038.
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Abstract In order to study the paste failure mode and ultimate shear bonding force of CFRP plate-steel interface anchor bonding, a single-sided shear test was carried out on a total of 15 carbon fiberboard (CFRP)-steel composite beam structure specimens in five groups. The test results show that for organic adhesives, the uniform anchoring method can improve the bearing capacity of the construction; for organic adhesives, the ultimate shearing when the specimen is peeled with inorganic glue is used. The bonding capacity is greater than that of specimens with organic adhesives.
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Vallabhajosyula, Phani. "Stencil Print solutions for Advance Packaging Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-poster1_124.
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Abstract This paper address two significant applications of stencils in advance packaging field: 1. Ultra-Thin stencils for miniature component (0201m) assembly; 2. Deep Cavity stencils for embedded (open cavity) packaging. As the world of electronics continues to evolve with focus on smaller, lighter, faster, and feature-enhanced high-performing electronic products, so are the requirement for complex stencils to assemble such components. These stencil thicknesses start from less than 25um with apertures as small as 60um (or less). Step stencils are used when varying stencil thicknesses are required to print into cavities or on elevated surfaces or to provide relief for certain features on a board. In the early days of SMT assembly, step stencils were used to reduce the stencil thickness for 25 mil pitch leaded device apertures. Thick metal stencils that have both relief-etch pockets and reservoir step pockets are very useful for paste reservoir printing. Electroform Step-Up Stencils for ceramic BGA's and RF Shields are a good solution to achieve additional solder paste height on the pads of these components as well as providing exceptional paste transfer for smaller components like uBGAs and 0201s. As the components are getting smaller, for example 0201m, or as the available real estate for component placement on a board is getting smaller – finer is the aperture size and the pitch on the stencils. Aggressive distances from step wall to aperture are also required. Ultra-thin stencils with thicknesses in the order of 15um–40um with steps of 15um are used to obtain desired print volumes. Stencils with thickness to this order can be potential tools even to print for RDLs in the package. Cavity technology can be an effective solution in reducing the total assembled PCB thickness (Z-height), most importantly, on designs utilizing taller - stacked devices. Traditionally, dipping process or dispensing process was used to deposit solder paste, flux, or glue on uneven surfaces. However, this takes a longer time when compared to printing using a stencil printer. Reservoir printing using a stencil printer has greater potential in such application. Extensive work has been done in the past to print glue, solder paste and/or flux into cavities using reservoir printing. This paper focuses on printing solder paste into multiple cavities (stencil pockets) with depths ranging from 355 microns to 450 microns, and with varying cavity size, wall angles and various stencil thicknesses ranging from 100 microns to 150 microns. Apertures varying in area ratio were placed in these cavities and experiments were conducted to analyze the print performance of the stencils. As the size of the components and boards/substrates gets smaller - closer placement of components to the cavity (stencil pocket) walls needed to be assessed as well. These applications, the associated stencil design and print results were discussed in detail in this paper.
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Alani, R., R. G. Harper, and P. R. Swann. "Ion thinning of TEM cross sections under beam switching control." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010012237x.
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Ion milled, cross sectional TEM specimens are used extensively to study the microstructure of multilayered materials. Unfortunately, it is difficult to get all the layers in a cross section equally electron transparent because usually they mill at different rates and have different atomic numbers. Differential thinning can be minimized by milling at low angles so that the slow milling layers protect the fast milling layers from the ion beam. However, even at low angles uneven milling can still occur when the ion beam travels along the multilayer interface (glue line). This problem can be partially overcome by using a shield to cut off the ion beam in these directions. However, this solution is not completely satisfactory because material sputtered from the edge of the shield can contaminate the specimen. A better solution, is to rock the specimen over a range of angles while the ion beam is centered approximately about the perpendicular to the glue line. With this method there is a possibility of uneven milling at both ends of the rocking angle where the beam is stationary for a short period during the change in direction of specimen rotation. Another solution, which is reported here, is to rotate the specimen continuously in the normal way and to switch off the ion beam as it passes by along the specimen glue line.
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Shi, Jun, Pin-Kang Wei, Shen Zhang, Zhi-Feng Qin, Jun Li, Da-Zhi Sun, Yan Xiao, et al. "OB glue paste technique for establishing nude mouse human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation models." World Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 30 (2008): 4800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.4800.
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Larsson, L., J. Mattsson, and T. Lehtimaa. "Curing building related illnesses by using an emissions barrier." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012241.
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Abstract A new type of emissions barrier was used in premises with indoor air complaints due to emissions from the buildings in question. The emissions comprised chlorophenols/chloroanisoles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from treated wood, and volatile organic compounds (VOC), mainly 2-ethylhexanol, from PVC flooring and the glue used to paste the flooring onto a concrete slab. Attaching the barrier at the surfaces from where the emissions were spread (floor, walls, ceiling) resulted in a fresh and odour-free indoor air. We conclude that using an emissions barrier in buildings made unhealthy by moisture is an efficient way of restoring a pleasant and healthy indoor air.
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Vodiannikov, Mikhail A., and Galina G. Kashevarova. "NUMERICAL AND EXERIMENTAL MODELING OF RIGID JOINT OF LAYERED WOODEN STRUCTURES." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2017-13-2-84-92.
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The article deals with the problems of modeling and solving contact problems in the ANSYS software complex using the example of calculating the rigid joint of a glued wooden beam. Comparative calculation data for a continuous beam and a beam with a joint in the middle on pasted carbon fiber nails are given. The possibilities of using contact elements between different materials taking into account the nonlinearity of the formulation of the problem are described. The figures of stresses and displacements in the elements are shown. Experiments for determination of the bearing capacity of the joint and determine the nature of structural failure are provided. Conclusions are made about the possibility of modeling composite materials in the environment of the software complex ANSYS in the real structures design
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Cho, Kyuil, S. L. Bud’ko, and P. C. Canfield. "Temperature dependent striction effect in a single crystalline Nd2Fe14B revealed using a novel high temperature resistivity measurement technique." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 5 (February 10, 2022): 055901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac4ff8.
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Abstract We studied the temperature dependence of resistivity in a single crystalline Nd2Fe14B using a newly developed high temperature probe. This novel probe employs mechanical pin connectors instead of conducting glue/paste. From warming and cooling curves, the Curie temperature was consistently measured around T c = 580 K. In addition, anomalous discrete jumps were found only in cooling curves between 400 and 500 K, but not shown in warming curves. More interestingly, when the jumps occurred during cooling, the resistivity was increased. This phenomenon could possibly be due to a temperature dependent striction effect induced by the re-orientation of magnetic domains well below the Curie temperature. Further microscopic study is needed to confirm this effect.
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Gupta, Pravin, Gupta Shalini, and P. S. Heda. "Which treatment for anal fistula? Cut or cover, plug or paste, loop or lift." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 59, no. 2 (2012): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1202015g.
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Anorectal fistulas are common maladies. The challenge in therapy of perianal fistulas balances between the best possible cure and the preservation of continence. Complex fistulous disease challenges even the most experienced surgical specialists. The management options in these groups of patients are inadequate, with treatment often requiring multiple procedures, causing a risk for continued symptoms and fecal incontinence. This has lead to a serious search for newer and safer treatment options. Use of different types of setons and advancement flaps have their own advantages and pitfalls. Invasive methods with high rates of incontinence have given way to sphincter-sparing methods that have a much lower associated morbidity. Treatment with fibrin glue is an attractive option whenever continence might be endangered by operative procedures. Initial results with fistula plugs are promising but need further critical observations. Recently, the ligation of fistula tract had shown few promising results though it will be too early to comment on its long-term efficacy.
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Seidu, Raphael Kanyire. "The art produced by substitute surfaces in hand block printing." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 23, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-08-2018-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the print effects produced on selected fabrics due to the adaptation of styrofoam, plastic net and wood as stamp blocks for printing. Design/methodology/approach The art-based experimental research approach was used to produce and identify the art (prints) produced by stamp blocks on different fabrics using water-soluble print paste. Findings They stamp block surfaces used in the block printing process produced interesting effects or prints that are uniquely associated with each other. Fabrics such as silver and satin produced shinny print effects coupled with a tough hand or feel as compared to a paperish hand produced on the surfaces of cotton-polyester blend and linen fabrics. The addition of white glue to the paste produced a smooth and embossed-like print effect on fabrics like mercerised cotton and linen. Further results were captured to indicate the hand of these fabrics after printing due to the change in viscosity of the print paste. Originality/value The use of calabash and wood surfaces as stamp blocks used in Ghana and the rest of the world is common for printing patterns on fabrics. This study essentially reveals the possibility of using different surfaces for stamp blocks which produce aesthetically pleasing print effects. This when adopted by craftsmen and students would widen the teaching and creative scope in block printing and further produce viable prints for the market using available materials in the environment. These activities would promote and maintain the philosophy of block printing even in the era of advance printing technologies.
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Lu, Yun, and David C. Joy. "Scanning Electron Microscopy and x-ray analysis of microparticles and early hydration effects." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 692–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139834.
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High resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) were performed to investigate microparticles in blended cements and their hydration products containing sodium-rich chemical wastes. The physical appearance of powder particles and the morphological development at different hydration stages were characterized by using high resolution SEM Hitachi S-900 and by SEM S-800 with a EDX spectrometer. Microparticles were dispersed on the sample holder and glued by 1% palomino solution. Hydrated bulk samples were dehydrated by acetone and mounted on the holder by silver paste. Both fracture surfaces and flat cutting sections of hydrating samples were prepared and examined. Some specimens were coated with an 3 nm thick Au-Pd or Cr layer to provide good conducting surfaces. For high resolution SEM S-900 observations the accelerating voltage of electrons was 1-2 KeV to protect the electron charging. Microchemical analyses were carried out by S800/EDS equipped with a LINK detector of take-off angle =40°.
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Rüscher, Claus Henning, Ludger Lohaus, Fongjan Jirasit, and Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté. "The Effect of Gel-Type Contributions in Lime-Sand Bricks, Alkali-Activated Slags and CEMI/CEMIII Pastes: Implications for Next Generation Concretes." Gels 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8010009.
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Lime-sand bricks of different ages were investigated using IR-spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction/scattering. After subtraction of the dominant quartz contribution (80%), the IR spectra show the absorption peaks of the hydrothermally formed binder phases. The spectra also show the alteration of the binder during ageing under atmospheric conditions by the influence of CO2 forming carbonate and a condensed SiO2-gel (secondary gel). The alteration could also be proven in X-ray pattern, obtaining a separation between crystalline CSH and amorphous contributions in the freshly produced lime-sand brick, too. Here, the formation of CSHamorph could be understood as a precursor state (primary gel) to the crystallization of CSH phases. X-ray patterns of aged bodies of alkali-silicate solution activated slags (AAS), CEM-I/CEM-III pastes, and CEM-I concrete indicate that in all cases a similar amorphous CSH-type phase (CSHamorph) was formed, which is responsible for the hardening properties as the glue. The main X-ray peak of CSHamorph obtained using CuKα-radiation with a usual diffractometer is observed between 24° and 35° 2 Theta with maximum at about 29° 2 Theta, whereas it appears much more broadly distributed between 15° and 35° 2 Theta with maximum between 26° and 28° 2 Theta for a geopolymer body prepared using the reaction of alkali-silicate solution and metakaolin (AAMK). This is due to the network formed by siloxo and sialate units in the case of AAMK, given that any crystallization can be ruled out. The origin of increasing mechanical strength during the ageing of AAS mortars must be due to further crosslinking of the preformed siloxo chains. Thermal treatment up to 800 °C leads to a complete loss of any mechanical strength of the CEM pastes due to the destruction of crystalline CSH-phases, whereas geopolymer bodies maintain their strength. Implications for next generation concrete include that cement clinker could be completely replaced by using a using alkali silcate solution technology for gel formation.
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Fornell, Anna, Per Söderbäck, Zhenhua Liu, Milena De Albuquerque Moreira, and Maria Tenje. "Fabrication of Silicon Microfluidic Chips for Acoustic Particle Focusing Using Direct Laser Writing." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020113.
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We have developed a fast and simple method for fabricating microfluidic channels in silicon using direct laser writing. The laser microfabrication process was optimised to generate microfluidic channels with vertical walls suitable for acoustic particle focusing by bulk acoustic waves. The width of the acoustic resonance channel was designed to be 380 µm, branching into a trifurcation with 127 µm wide side outlet channels. The optimised settings used to make the microfluidic channels were 50% laser radiation power, 10 kHz pulse frequency and 35 passes. With these settings, six chips could be ablated in 5 h. The microfluidic channels were sealed with a glass wafer using adhesive bonding, diced into individual chips, and a piezoelectric transducer was glued to each chip. With acoustic actuation at 2.03 MHz a half wavelength resonance mode was generated in the microfluidic channel, and polystyrene microparticles (10 µm diameter) were focused along the centre-line of the channel. The presented fabrication process is especially interesting for research purposes as it opens up for rapid prototyping of silicon-glass microfluidic chips for acoustofluidic applications.
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Kennedy, S. K., D. Barton, H. P. Lentz, J. Newlin, P. M. Sauter, and F. C. Schwerer. "Montages and Virtual Reality - A Paradim for Presentation of Analytical Data." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600020456.
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Micro-graphs acquired using optical or electron microscopes reveal information on a local scale. When a sample is not homogeneous at the scale of the image, it may be necessary to view the sample at a magnification lower than that available by the instrument. Montages of micro-graphs can be constructed through the following steps: acquisition of individual images, stitching individual images into a single image (a montage), and producing the final exhibit(s). Performing these steps has traditionally required careful stage and illumination control during acquisition, dodging during printing, and hours with scissors and glue-pot during paste-up. Because this procedure is labor intensive, the creation of montages was limited to only the most important or critical situations. Digital microscopy, image processing software, and Web-enabled multi-media applications have reduced the barriers for creation of montages and provided for new display modes, thereby stimulating a revival of the use of montages as an enhanced presentation mode for technical data.
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Sitompul, Johnner P., Hyung Woo Lee, Yook Chan Kim, and Matthew W. Chang. "A Scaling-up Synthesis from Laboratory Scale to Pilot Scale and to near Commercial Scale for Paste-Glue Production." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 45, no. 1 (April 2013): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2013.45.1.2.
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Li, Jiaxin, Bingjie Mai, Peng Fu, Gele Teri, Yanli Li, Jing Cao, Yuhu Li, and Juanli Wang. "Multi-Analytical Research on the Caisson Painting of Dayu Temple in Hancheng, Shaanxi, China." Coatings 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111372.
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In this research, the caisson painting of Dayu Temple in Hancheng, Shaanxi, China, was analyzed via a multi-analytical methodology, using a pH meter, an ultra-depth-of-field optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a micro-confocal laser Raman spectrometer, a gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). With the corroborative evidence derived from the above analyses, it could be determined that the caisson painting of Dayu Temple was painted on bamboo paper and attached to hemlock wood substrate of the Pinaceae Tsuga genus using starch paste, with common colorants such as carbon black, cinnabar mixed with a small amount of red lead, ultramarine, and ultramarine mixed with Paris green, with animal glue having been adopted as a sizing agent. These results provide important scientific data for the production craft of precious caisson paintings, contributing to the revelation of their historic, artistic, and scientific value, and should enable conservators to make informed decisions in restoration.
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Gale, Arnold György, and Edit Tóth-Molnár. "Pterygium műtéti megoldása kötőhártya autograft transzplantációval (első eredményeink)." Szemészet 160, no. 2 (2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55342/szemhungarica.2023.160.2.78.
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Célkitűzés: A Szegedi Tudományegyetem Szemészeti Klinikáján 2020. február és 2022. december között egy operatőr (G. A. Gy.) által elvégzett pterygium ellenes műtétek (conjunctiva autograft szövetragasztós rögzítéssel) során elért eredmények bemutatása, recidívaráta felmérése. Beteg és módszer: 74 beteg 84 szemén primer vagy recidivált pterygium miatt végeztünk műtétet. A műtétek alapja a ,,cut and paste” technika volt, egyes műtéti lépéseket azonban módosítottunk különböző korszerű technikák elemeivel (,,P.E.R.F.E.C.T for Pterygum”, ,,Novel Unassisted Pterygium Excision”, ,,Donor Graft Harvesting with Air for Pterygium”, ,,Sandwich Fibrin Glue Technique”) a műtéti idő csökkentése és a műtéti eredményesség növelése céljából. Az eltávolított pterygium helyén a csupasz sclerát a szuperior vagy szuperotemporális bulbáris kötőhártyából kimetszett grafttal fedtük, ezt Tisseel Lyo (Baxter, Ausztria) fibrinragasztóval rögzítettük. A követési idő 1-34 hónap volt. Eredmények: A conjunctivalis autograft rögzítése minden esetben sikeres volt. Posztoperatív szövődmények közül a következőt tapasztaltuk: graft-retrakció, majd nem korrigálható graft-elvándorlás (1/84). 50 szem esetében volt 1 évnél hosszabb az utánkövetési idő (átlag: 19,12 hónap, szélső értékek: 12-34 hónap), recidíva ebben a csoportban nem volt tapasztalható. A többi 34 operált szem esetében a követési idő kevesebb volt, mint 1 év (átlag: 4,29 hónap, szélső értékek: 1-9 hónap), ezen csoportban 2 betegnél volt észlelhető parciális recidíva (mindkét esetben korábban többször bare-sclera technikával műtött betegekről van szó). Következtetés: A fibrinragasztóval végzett conjunctivalis autograft rögzítése a pterygium ellenes műtétek terén nagyon hatékonynak bizonyult, figyelembe véve a rövid műtéti időt, a minimális fájdalommal járó posztoperatív időszakot és a nagyon alacsony recidívarátát. Mindezek miatt mind primer pterygiumok, mind recidívák esetén kitűnő megoldásnak gondoljuk ezt a már régről ismert, eredményes ,,cut and paste” technikát.
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Duguryil, Dr Ayuba Pewat, Dr Mrs Deborah Miri Gotep, David Maju Mandungs, Joshua Fom Isa, Irmiya Philemon Kwarpo, Stephen Pam, Sa’ad Adamu Garba, and Amos Dakyen Dalokom. "Comparism of Biogas Production by Maize and Sorghum Staiks in Pankshin Local Government Area of Plateau State: Implication for Household Energy Supply." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science VIII, no. VII (2023): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2023.8718.
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This study was undertaken to compare biogas production by maize and sorghum stalks for house hold energy supply in Pankshin local government area of Plateau state. An experimental research design was used. The experimental procedure included the growth of maize and sorghum stalks for two months (60 days) the stalks were selected and harvested while still succulents. The stalks were washed, cut into pieces using clean knives, pounded into pastes using mortar and pestles. An empty metal bucket with known weight was used, the pastes of each was weight and equal number of each bucket was put inside each digester accordingly from the top. The top was then sealed with super glue and the digesters were each painted with black oil paint. As a result of the size and volume of the digesters, the set up stayed for 14 days and being monitored daily. Findings indicate that for the Maize stalk there was no gas generated in day one as such the Bunsen burner did not burn. It burns for 50 seconds in day two, 1.5 minutes in day three and it rises steadily to 4 minutes in day eight. Then it started dropping to 3.5 minutes in day nine, 2.7 minutes in day ten, then it drops steadily to 0. 00 minute in day fifteen. For the Sorghum Stalk, days one and two no gas was generated as such the Bunsen burner did not burn. It burns for 1 minute in day three, 1.5 minutes in day four, then it rises steadily to 2.2 minutes for days 7 and 8 then to 2 minutes in day 9 then it started falling steadily to 0.00 minute in days 14 and 15. This implies that energy in form of biogas can be generated from maize and sorghum stalks. Exploring this can meet the increasing energy of man. Based on the results it was recommended amongst others the study can also be replicated with other varieties of common grass using standardized digesters. This is because grass is a weed and do not have other economic value like stalks from food crops. It was concluded that energy in form of biogas can be generated from maize and sorghum stalks. Exploring this can meet the increasing energy need of man. It is recommended that; the study can be carried out with the stalk of other crops such as rice, millet, cow pea and others.
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Grenda-Kurmanow, Magdalena. "Adhesives and the Herbarium: International Survey and Application of the Results in Analysis of the Influence of Conservation Materials on DNA of Herbarium Specimens." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25583.
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In 2017 the author conducted an international survey among the conservators who have worked with herbaria collections, particularly paper conservators who treated historic herbaria. During the survey the author contacted 25 people from 9 countries. The participants were the conservators who either shared their experience through publications or whose conservation reports were available to the author. Participants were asked to recommend materials used in the conservation of historic herbaria and materials used on a daily basis to mount specimens. The aim of the survey was to list the materials that have direct contact with the surface of the specimens. Therefore the results concentrated mostly on adhesives. Acknowledging that materials recommended for conservation treatment may differ from those used for a typical mounting of a modern specimen, the author presented a traditional conservator’s approach that every modern object (including herbaria) may one day become a valuable part of heritage. This means that all materials used when working with herbaria should be reversible and DNA-safe. The survey revealed that most conservators recommend materials that are very popular in paper conservation: wheat starch paste and methylcellulose at different concentrations, however some suggested using animal glues such as gelatine or isinglass and mixtures of isinglass and starch paste. Other adhesives that were present in the results were two versions of hydroxypropylcellulose, Klucel G and Klucel E, rice starch, shofu, and different PVAs used for mounting (e.g. Hewit M218 and Jade 403). Many conservators expressed their negative approach to popular mounting materials and techniques of mounting by overall adhesion. The survey was a part of the project "Heritage preservation and ethnobotany. Analysis of the influence of conservation treatment on genetic material comprised in historic herbaria“ (project no. 2014/13/N/HS2/03118) funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. The results of the survey served as a basis for the next stage of the project, which was testing samples of herbarium specimens, 'treated' with the chosen materials, for the possible damaging influence on the DNA of specimens. The choice of materials based on the results of the survey, literature and availability of materials (some adhesives used for mounting some decades ago are no longer available). The herbarium samples were made of Arabidopsis thaliana and Fragaria vesca leaves, prepared for the project. After drying and 'treating' with conservation and mounting materials, the samples were artificially aged in a climatic chamber to imitate deterioration processes.
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., I. Kadek Joni Dwi Pranata, Dr Drs I. Nyoman Sila, M. Hum ., and Drs I. Gusti Ngurah Sura Ardana,M Sn . "KERAJINAN TUTUP BOTOL DI DESA GENTONG, TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR." Jurnal Pendidikan Seni Rupa Undiksha 8, no. 1 (July 27, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjpsp.v8i2.15253.
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ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada kerajinan tutup botol di Desa Gentong, Tegallalang, Gianyar (2) proses pembuatan kerajinan tutup botol di Desa Gentong, Tegallalang, Gianyar (3) jenis-jenis produk kerajinan tutup botol di Desa Gentong, Tegallalang Gianyar. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik (1) observasi, (2) wawancara, (3) dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kerajinan tutup botol. (a) alat: palu, mesin paku tembak, gergaji circular, sikat, kuas, dan meja pemipih. (b) bahan: tutup botol, lem, pernis (mowilex clear) dan, kayu/papan mdf (2) proses pembuatan: pemipihan tutup botol, memberikan lem kayu pada tutup botol yang sudah dipipihkan menempel tutup botol pada objek, membersihkan tutup botol yang sudah ditempel pada objek, dan terakhir pinising. (3) produk-produk yang dihasilkan, bentuk rumah-rumahan, bentuk nampan, bentuk cermin, bentuk gitar, bentuk kura-kura, bentuk ikan hiu, dan bentuk hurup.
Kata Kunci : tutup botol, kerajinan . ABSTRACT
This research aims to describe: (1) tools and materials used in bottle cap at Gentong Village, Tegallalang, Gianyar (2) bottle making process in Gentong Village, Tegallalang, Gianyar (3) in Gentong Village, Tegallalang Gianyar. Data collection in this research is done by technique (1) observation, (2) interview, (3) documentation. Data analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study are: (1) tools and materials used in the manufacture of bottle caps. (a) tools: hammer, nail machine, circular saw, brush, brush, and flattening table. (b) material: bottle cap, glue, lacquer (mowilex clear) and wooden / mdf board (2) making process: bottle cap insertion, giving wood glue to flattened bottle caps sticking bottle caps on objects, already pasted on the object, and last pinising. (3) products produced, house form, tray shape, mirror shape, guitar form, turtle shape, shark shape, and letters shape.
keyword : bottle cap, handicraft
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Tomassetti, Mauro, Riccardo Pezzilli, Giuseppe Prestopino, Corrado Di Natale, and Pier Gianni Medaglia. "Novel Electrochemical Sensors Based on L-Proline Assisted LDH for H2O2 Determination in Healthy and Diabetic Urine." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 7159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197159.
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In this paper, a novel non-enzymatic modified glassy carbon (GC) sensor, of the (GC-Agpaste)-catalytic proline-assisted LDH type, for H2O2 determination was fabricated, studied, characterized and employed to determine the hydrogen peroxide content in healthy and diabetic human urine. LDH (whose composition can be schematized as [ZnIIAlIII (OH)2]+ NO3−·nH2O) is glued to glassy carbon by means of silver paste, while proline, which increases the catalytic properties of LDH, is used free in solution in the phosphate buffer. A voltametric survey was first conducted to ascertain the positive effect induced by the presence of proline, i.e., the increase of sensor sensitivity. Then a deep study of the new three-electrode amperometric proline-assisted LDH sensor, whose working electrode was of the same type as the one used to perform the cyclic voltammetry, was carried out, working at first in static air, then in a nitrogen atmosphere. Possible interferences from various substances, both oxidants and antioxidants, were also investigated. Lastly, the new amperometric sensor was successfully used to determine the H2O2 level in human urine from both healthy and diabetic subjects. The effect of proline in enhancing the properties of the sensor system was also investigated. The limit of detection (LOD) of the new catalytic sensor was of the order of 0.15 mmol L−1, working in air, and of 0.05 µmol L−1, working in nitrogen atmosphere.
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Onyekachi, Omuluche, Collins, Duru, Remy Ukachukwu, Achugasim, Ozioma, and Abayeh, Ovi Julius. "Effect of Acetylation on the Physicochemical Properties of Starch Extract from Caladium bicolor." Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research 13, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2241.
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The study reports on the effect of acetylation on the physicochemical parameters of Caladium bicolor starch. The starch was extracted and acetylated using various acetic acid volumes and reaction periods (30, 60, and 90 minutes). Both unmodified and acetylated starches were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and some models. The findings estimated a low amylose content of 16.95%, and amylopectin at 83.05% in unmodified starch. The swelling power was 72.45 (unmodified), and 64.9–68.5 (modified); paste clarity was 2.013 (unmodified), and 1.73–1.91 (modified); gelatinization temperature was 75oC (unmodified), and 76–78oC (modified); water binding capacity was 68.6% (unmodified), and 68–92.7% (modified); oil binding capacity was 53.8% (unmodified), and 53.2–92.63% (modified); % acetyl group and degree of substitution were 0.73-3.63 and 0.03-0.13. The FTIR reveals the vibration frequencies of 3283.62 cm-1, 1018 cm-1 and 1240 cm-1 affirm the presence of OH, C-O, and CH3 in the unmodified. Whereas, the prominent peak at 1647.28 cm-1 assigned to the carbonyl C=O and its increase in intensity and height affirmed the increase in the acetylation of starch molecules. Starch obtained from Caladium bicolor and the acetylated products could be used as glue, thickeners, gelling agents and adhesives for paper products and textile industry.
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Гейдаров, Эльнур Эльман оглы, Хасил Камаледдин оглы Фаталиев, Алекпер Малик оглы Алекперов, Севда Меджид кызы Мамедова, and Ирада Мамедтаги кызы Аскерова. "Investigation of Factors Affecting the Mineral Composition of Wine Materials." Beer and beverages, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/pin.2022.02.02.011.
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В статье дана оценка виноградарской и винодельческой отраслей экономики Азербайджанской Республики, отмечены перспективы и задачи их развития. Подчеркивается проблема обеспечения условий производства высококачественной конкурентоспособной винодельческой продукции и, в особенности, натуральных столовых вин. Особое значение уделяется обеспечению качества на ранних этапах производства, изучению изменения минерального состава виноматериалов и их влияния на органолептические характеристики конечной продукции. Представлена методика и результаты экспериментальных исследований по изучению изменения концентрации минеральных элементов в образцах виноматериалов при их обработке различными оклеивающими препаратами и при выдержке в различных емкостях. В целях изучения изменения содержания минеральных элементов при обработке и выдержке вин было поставлено четыре опыта по 50 дал купажа в каждом. После доведения кислотности виноматериалов до кондиции путем добавления лимонной кислоты купаж 1-го варианта оклеивали рыбьим клеем (50 мг/дм3). Во 2-м варианте купаж обрабатывали желтой кровяной солью (35 мг/дм3) и рыбьим клеем (50 мг/дм3). Купаж 3-го варианта обрабатывали аскангелем (1,5 г/дм3) и рыбьим клеем (50 мг/дм3). В 4-м варианте купаж обрабатывали желтой кровяной солью (35 мг/дм3), аскангелем (1,5 г/дм3) и рыбьим клеем (50 мг/дм3). Исследования показывают, что некоторые микроэлементы в вине появляются или их количество увеличивается при обработке рыбьим клеем, желтой кровяной солью и аскангелем. Например, содержание калия до обработки виноматериала во всех вариантах колебалось от 500 до 545 мг/дм3. Обработка рыбьим клеем, желтой кровяной солью и аскангелем в отдельности не изменила его содержания, при этом совместное применение этих веществ снизило количество калия на 20 мг/дм3. При обработке и выдержке виноматериалов, с одной стороны, происходило осаждение минеральных веществ, с другой - их миграция из дубовой клепки и оклеивающих материалов, в результате чего их содержание в вине частично увеличивается. Полученные данные позволяют прогнозировать минеральный состав вина, рекомендовать эффективный способ оклейки и режим выдержки. The evaluation of the viticulture and wine industries of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan is given, the perspective and tasks of their development are noted. The problem of ensuring the conditions for the production of high quality, competitive wine products and, in particular, natural table wines is underlined. Particular importance is attached to quality assurance in the early stages of production, to studying the changes in the mineral composition of wine materials and their effect on the organoleptic properties of the final products. The technique and results of experimental studies on the study of changes in the concentration of mineral elements in samples of wine materials during their pasting with various pasting materials and during their exposure in various containers are presented. In order to study the changes in mineral elements during the processing and aging of wines, experiments were carried out in 4 variants, 50 decalitre of blend each. After bringing the acidity to the standard by adding citric acid, the blend of the 1st variant was pasted over with fish glue (50 mg/dm3). In the 2nd variant, the blend was treated with of yellow blood salt (35 mg/dm3) and of fish glue (50 mg/dm3). The blend of the 3rd variant was treated with ascangel (1.5 g/dm3) and fish glue (50 mg/dm3). In the 4th variant, the blend was treated with of yellow blood salt (35 mg/dm3), of ascangel (1.5 g/dm3) and of fish glue (50 mg/dm3). Studies show that some microelements appear or increase in wine when processed with fish glue, yellow blood salt and ascangel. For example, the amount of potassium before processing the wine material in all cases ranged from 500 to 545 mg/dm3. Treatment with fish glue, yellow blood salt and ascangel alone did not change its content, however, the combined use of these substances reduced the amount of potassium by 20 mg/dm3. The processing and aging of wine materials took place, on the one hand, by precipitation of the mineral substances of the wine, on the other hand, their extraction from oak staves and gluing materials, which partially increases their content in the wine. The data obtained allow predicting the mineral composition of wine, recommending an effective fining method and aging mode.
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Maev, Roman Gr, and Fedar Seviaryn. "Applications of non-linear acoustics for quality control and material characterization." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 16 (October 28, 2022): 161101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106143.
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For several decades, nonlinear acoustic methods have been used for material characterization, quality control, and biomedical diagnostics. This approach is based on a second or higher-order phenomenon. Most nondestructive evaluation tasks employ conventional first-order ultrasonic techniques. Utilizing a nonlinear regime may bring new essential information and improve the characterization of materials with defects or flaws that are challenging to detect using traditional acoustical methods. Such defects inexhaustibly include thin cracks and dislocations through which sound passes without reflection; filled cracks or glue layers with acoustical contact between surfaces, voids, and agglomerations thereof with a dimension less than the wavelength; inclusions with a subtle acoustical difference from surrounding media; and multilayer structures with various boundary conditions between layers. For such cases, defects can be detected, visualized, and evaluated using a nonlinear reflection effect. This effect accompanies a typical sound wave reflection at interfaces between media, producing reflected and refracted waves. In the nonlinear regime, these waves have components with double frequency. The nonlinear properties of both media determine the wave amplitude. The nature of the evaluated medium determines the type and number of parameters that describe the nonlinear properties. These parameters' magnitude and spatial distribution provide valuable information about the material properties and object structure. Inspection instruments that utilize the effect of nonlinear reflection can be effective tools for quality control.
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Pacovský, Josef. "The influence of adhesive joint characteristics of the bonded samples of PUR-foam." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 3 (2011): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159030151.
Full textAbstract:
Upholstered chairs and upholstered furniture in general, is largely produced primarily using PUR-foams, and it largely in the form of gluing several types of foam and himself on a firm surface - usually plywood or the agglomerated material – for the qualitative increase of upholstered furniture (including seating). Work deals with properties of the bond in connection with the influence on the final properties of the finished product, or even a change of functional properties in use over time. This work deals with: The influence of the characteristics of the adhesive used on samples bonded polyurethane foams. This work deals with properties of the bond in connection with an influence on the final properties of the finished product, or changes in functional properties when used at the time. The work is focused on: Effect of glue applied to the characteristics of the bonded samples of PUR foam. To determine the effects observed were used as the basis for the methodology based on the standard EN 1957, which was further modified as necessary. The results of the tests and conclusions can be stated that the incidence of bonded joints, ultimately, has a negligible effect on the resulting observed characteristics and therefore can cut and paste samples of smaller sizes into larger blocks without a fundamental change of the original features.
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Fitria, Euis F. S. Pangemanan, and Marthen Th Lasut. "Utilization Of Medicinal Plants In West Mapanget Village, Mapanget District, Manado City." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/jat.v4i1.45669.
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Traditional medicinal plants are types of plants that are believed by humans to treat several diseases and have been used for generations until now. This study aims to identify the types of medicinal plants and know how to use and process them. The method used in this study is the method of observation and interviews using a questionnaire. Sampling using purposive sampling technique to 30 respondents, namely people who use medicinal plants. There are 27 species of plants from 17 families that are used as traditional medicine, with the most members being lamiaceae (4 species). the benefits of medicinal plants, namely: treating internal wounds such as dead blood, healing body aches and lowering blood pressure, curing kidney disease, smoothing menstruation or menstruation in women, treating diabetes and high blood pressure, curing coughs and high blood pressure, treating pain stomach, back pain and itching, relieves tingling, cures coughs, ulcers, heart disease and canker sores treats poisoning, treats the liver, smoothes chapters, stops blood when injured, promotes urination, cures cholesterol and stomach acid, treats boils and headaches. How to use: drink before eating, after eating, and taped/pasted Method of processing: boiled, brewed, pounded, crushed, glued/pasted. Keywords: medicinal plants, West Mapanget Abstrak Tumbuhan obat tradisional adalah jenis tumbuhan yang dipercaya oleh manusia yang berfungsi untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit dan telah digunakan secara turun-temurun sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tumbuhan obat dan mengetahui cara penggunaan dan pengolahannya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah metode observasi dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 30 responden yaitu masyarakat yang menggunakan tumbuhan obat. Terdapat 27 jenis tumbuhan dari 17 famili yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional, dengan anggota terbanyak lamiaceae (4 jenis). manfaat tumbuhan obat yaitu: mengobati luka dalam seperti darah mati, menyembuhkan badan pegal-pegal, dan menurunkan tekanan darah, menyembuhkan penyakit ginjal, melancarkan haid atau datang bulan pada perempuan, mengobati sakit gula dan darah tinggi, menyembuhkan batuk dan darah tinggi, mengobati sakit perut, sakit belakang dan gatal-gatal, menghilangkan kesemutan, menyembuhkan batuk, maag, penyakit jantung dan sariawan mengobati keracunan, mengobati liver, untuk melancarkan bab, menghentikan darah ketika luka, melancarkan kencing, menyembuhkan kolesterol dan asam lambung, mengobati bisul dan sakit kepala. Cara penggunaan: diminum sebelum makan, sesudah makan dan direkatkan/tempelkan. Cara pengolahannya: direbus, diseduh, ditumbuk, dilumatkan, direkatkan/tempelkan. Kata kunci : tumbuhan obat, Mapanget Barat
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Smaija, Shahid, Noor Fatima, Luqman Shahid, and Asifa Shahid. "Management options for Post Traumatic CSF Rhinorrhea." Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36552/pjns.v26i1.628.
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Objective: A descriptive case series study was aimed to evaluate management options for traumatic csf rhinorrhea and develop a better option
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Neurosurgery department, Bahwal Victotoria hospital Bahawalpur . This study involved 80 patients aged between 20-55 years of both genders diagnosed of CSF rhinorrhea presented with trauma.
Results: In the department of Neurosurgery BVH, Bahawalpur 2000 patients were admitted with head injury in two years from April 2021 to February 2022. A total of 80 patients of these had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. This study was conducted to evaluate the management options of CSF rhinorrhea in the patients with head injury. CSF rhinorrhea was stopped in 70 patients with conservative management. In 10 patients cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea continued after the conservative management of 2-6 weeks and surgical repair of Dural tear at the base of skull was done in these patients. Site of CSF rhinorrhea leakage was located in these patients with the help of CT Scan and MRI skull.In all these patients Dural tears was repaired with a graft of fascia Lata or periosteum, pasted on the site of defect with fibrin glue.
CONCLUSION:We concluded that all post traumatic C.S.F rhinorrhea cases should be managed conservatively because most of the C.S.F leaks stop spontaneously with proper conservative management. So surgical repair should be delayed for 2-12 weeks after a leak has been identified.
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Shogah, Z. A. C., V. G. Amelin, and D. S. Bolshakov. "Test methods for determining cationic and anionic surfactants in disinfecting and technological solutions." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-2-13-18.
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The purpose of the work was to develop Express methods for determining cationic and anionic surfactants in disinfectants and process solutions. The surfactant concentration was determined visually and colorimetrically by the intensity of color of the indicator zones of paper test strips or by the length of the colored (discolored) zones of test strips laminated in a polymer film. Semi-quantitative determination of surfactants in solutions was carried out by the intensity of color of the zones of indicator test strips pasted on the substrate (test titration on paper). Bromphenol blue was used as an indicator. The titrant was sodium dodecyl sulfate for cationic surfactants and cetylpyridinium chloride for anionic surfactants. Test strips were used for the determination of surfactants in the disinfectant solutions. The concentration in the range of 0.1 – 1.2% was determined by comparing the color with the standard color scale. The duration of the analysis was 3 – 5 min. Quantitative determination of surfactants was carried out by the length of the colored (discolored) zones of test strips glued in a polymer film. As an indicator for cationic surfactants, bromphenol blue (blue zone on the test strip) was used, and for anionic surfactants, an associate of bromphenol blue with cetylpyridinium chloride (discolored zone on the test strip). The determination range of the surfactant made up 16 – 1000 mg/liter. The concentration was determined according to a calibration graph representing the dependence of the length of the blue/discolored zone of the test strips on the concentration of surfactants in the solution. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.3; the analysis duration was 20 – 30 min.
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Chinnasamy, Sathiyaraj, M. Ramachandran, Sowmiya Soundharaj, and Manjula Selvam. "Investigation of Various Cement Productions and Its Characterization." Construction and Engineering Structures 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/ces/1/1/3.
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Concrete Alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide and A powder of magnesium oxide Burned together in a kiln Used as a fine powder a uncooked fabric for mortar and urban: any compound is used for the identical motive. A binding element or object and many others. Water is the primary element When it is mixed with cement Connecting the whole together Creating a paste. Water hardens concrete thru a procedure known as hydration. Cement is a binder used in production to bond, harden and glue other substances together. Cement is rarely used alone, but to bond sand and gravel cement technology, Kothanar Supply Inc. is a privately owned company that supplies hydraulic cement and patch mixtures to businesses throughout North America, including the United States. It is not widely used in cement construction in Canada and Puerto Rico because it has higher thermal hydration than concrete, cement is less durable than concrete and is prone to cracking. It is difficult to cure and thus does not apply to areas that are easily affected by movement. Today, the most important investments in our country’s Infrastructure, transportation, culture and improvement are built with cement and concrete. Infrastructure initiatives such as the Hoover Dam and the Los Angeles Aqueduct helped shape West America, the building block of most bridges, roads, dams, and structures, releasing large amounts of CO2 into concrete each year. The cement industry, the most consumed material on earth besides water, Is the 0.33 largest business source of pollutants, emitting in step with . Against the backdrop of a growing population, per capita consumption represents a dramatic decline. Any use of non-renewable resources is essentially unsustainable. Uses fossil fuels, bulk sand and gravel to make concrete and cement