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Academic literature on the topic 'Passivity (Chemistry)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Passivity (Chemistry)"

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Bertocci, U., J. L. Fink, D. E. Hall, P. V. Madsen, and R. E. Ricker. "Passivity and passivity breakdown in nickel aluminide." Corrosion Science 31 (January 1990): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(90)90148-x.

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Abd El Rehim, S. S., S. M. Abd El Wahab, E. E. Fouad, and Hamdy H. Hassan. "Passivity and passivity breakdown of zinc anode in alkaline medium." Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46, no. 11 (November 1995): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19950461105.

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Di Quarto, F., and M. Santamaria. "Semiconductor electrochemistry approach to passivity and passivity breakdown of metals and metallic alloys." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 39, no. 1 (March 2004): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/147842204225016903.

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Lee, E. J., and S. I. Pyun. "The effect of oxide chemistry on the passivity of aluminium surfaces." Corrosion Science 37, no. 1 (January 1995): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(94)00127-r.

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Mahitthimahawong, Siwaporn, Yada Chotvisut, and Thongchai Srinophakun. "Performance comparison of different control strategies for heat exchanger networks." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2018-0003.

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Abstract In this article, the dynamic responses of heat exchanger networks to disturbance and setpoint change were studied. Various control strategies, including: proportional integral, model predictive control, passivity approach, and passivity-based model predictive control were used to monitor all outlet temperatures. The performance of controllers was analyzed through two procedures: 1) inducing a ±5% step disturbance in the supply temperature, or 2) tracking a ±5°C target temperature. The performance criteria used to evaluate these various control modes was settling time and percentage overshoot. According to the results, the passivity-based model predictive controllers produced the best performance to reject the disturbance and the model predictive control proved to be the best controller to track the setpoint. Whereas, the ensuing performance results of both the PI and passivity controllers were discovered to be only acceptable.
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Haruyama, Shiro. "Electrochemical methods in passivity study." Corrosion Science 31 (January 1990): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(90)90088-m.

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Janik-Czachor, M. "Passivity of metal-metalloid glasses." Corrosion Science 31 (January 1990): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(90)90127-q.

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Shibata, Toshio. "Stochastic studies of passivity breakdown." Corrosion Science 31 (January 1990): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(90)90140-z.

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Macdonald, D. D., and M. Urquidi-Macdonald. "Deterministic models for passivity breakdown." Corrosion Science 31 (January 1990): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(90)90141-q.

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Kim, Yeong Ho, and G. S. Frankel. "Effect of Noble Element Alloying on Passivity and Passivity Breakdown of Ni." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 154, no. 1 (2007): C36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2387060.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Passivity (Chemistry)"

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Ren, Gang. "Corrosion and passivity of 13Cr supermartensitic stainless steel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609807.

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Suryodipuro, Andika Diwaji School of Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Dynamic controllability analysis for linear multivariable processes based on passivity conditions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25714.

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The operation of a chemical process plant has become more complex with the addition of process integration and intensification. A greater emphasis on producing goods with the lowest product variability in the safest manner possible and stringent environmental regulation limiting the quantity of effluent release have all put more constraints on the physical and economic performance of the chemical plant. The performance of a plant is quantified by the ability of the process system to achieve its objectives, which is governed by its process design and control. The conventional approach to process design and control selection starts sequentially by proposing a process flowsheet for the plant. The selection criteria for a flowsheet are normally based only on its environmental impact and economic merits. It is after a process flowsheet is deemed financially suitable that process control development commences. However, a more integrated approach to process design and control stage may thus lead to a plant that has better achievable performance. The aim of this project is to provide a new approach to quantitative dynamic controllability analysis for integration of process design and control by using the concept of passivity and passive systems. Passivity is an input/output property of processes. Passive processes are stable and minimum phase and therefore very easy to control. For a given process, its shortage of passivity, which reflects destabilizing effects of factors such as time delays and Right-Half Plane (RHP) zeros, can be used to indicate its controllability. The project focuses in developing the proposed controllability analysis by combining the idea of passivity and IMC invertibility, which is then formulated into an optimization problem that can be solved by either using Semi-Definite Programming or Non-Linear Optimization. The achievable performance of the plant is quantified in terms of the sensitivity function of the open-loop process. The selection of a process from four different heat-integrated distillation column schemes was used as a case study and the result had clearly shown that the passivity-based controllability analysis was able to select a process based on the plant achievable performance under the constraint of passivity and design parameters.
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Nelen, Louis M. "Investigating the chemistry of H₂S/Ge(100), and Fe/Ge surfaces /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988687.

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King, Donna Therese. "Teaching and learning in a context-based chemistry classroom." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31231/1/Donna_King_Thesis.pdf.

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Many current chemistry programs privilege de-contextualised conceptual learning, often limited by a narrow selection of pedagogies that too often ignore the realities of students�e own lives and interests (e.g., Tytler, 2007). One new approach that offers hope for improving students�e engagement in learning chemistry and perceived relevance of chemistry is the context-based approach. This study investigated how teaching and learning occurred in one year 11 context-based chemistry classroom. Through an interpretive methodology using a case study design, the teaching and learning that occurred during one term (ten weeks) of a unit on Water Quality are described. The researcher was a participant observer in the study who co-designed the unit of work with the teacher. The research questions explored the structure and implementation of the context-based approach, the circumstances by which students connected concepts and context in the context-based classroom and the outcome of the approach for the students and the teacher. A dialectical sociocultural theoretical framework using the dialectics of structure | agency and agency | passivity was used as a lens to explore the interactions between learners in different fields, such as the field of the classroom and the field of the local community. The findings of this study highlight the difficulties teachers face when implementing a new pedagogical approach. Time constraints and opportunities for students to demonstrate a level of conceptual understanding that satisfied the teacher, hindered a full implementation of the approach. The study found that for high (above average) and sound (average) achieving students, connections between sanctioned science content of school curriculum and the students�e out-of-school worlds were realised when students actively engaged in fields that contextualised inquiry and gave them purpose for learning. Fluid transitions or the toing and froing between concepts and contexts occurred when structures in the classroom afforded students the agency to connect concepts and contexts. The implications for teaching by a context-based approach suggest that keeping the context central, by teaching content on a �"need-to-know" basis, contextualises the chemistry for students. Also, if teachers provide opportunities for student-student interactions and written work student learning can improve.
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Liu, Jian. "Passivation effects of surface iodine layer on tantalum for the electroless copper deposition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5546/.

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The ability to passivate metallic surfaces under non-UHV conditions is not only of fundamental interests, but also of growing practical importance in catalysis and microelectronics. In this work, the passivation effect of a surface iodine layer on air-exposed Ta for the copper electroless deposition was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although the passivation effect was seriously weakened by the prolonged air exposure, iodine passivates the Ta substrate under brief air exposure conditions so that enhanced copper wetting and adhesion are observed on I-passivated Ta relative to the untreated surface.
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Shahryari, Arash. "Enhancement of biocompatibility of 316LVM stainless steel by electrochemical cyclic potentiodynamic passivation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107543.

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Note:
as hip and knee prosthesis, orthopaedic fixations and coronary stents. The definition of a material's biocompatibility necessitates meeting a number of criteria, including high corrosion resistance and desirable interactions of the material's surface with biological species, such as cells, platelets, and serum proteins. SSs offer acceptable resistance to uniform (general) corrosion when used as materials of construction in sorne industrial applications, which is due to the formation of a thin passive oxide film on their surface. [...]
Les aciers inoxydables (AI) 316-L sont fréquemment utilisés dans le domaine biomédical. Par exemple, nous les retrouvons dans les prothèses de hanche et de genou, dans les fixatures orthopédiques et dans les prothèse vasculaires. Pour qu'un matériel soit biocompatible, il doit avoir une résistence élevée à la corrosion. De plus, la surface du matériel doit avoir des intéractions favorables avec les différentes espèces biologiques c'est-à-dire les cellules.[...]
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Gillard, Elsa Laleh. "Passivité et rupture de passivité de l'acier 304L en milieu acide nitrique concentré et chaud." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020901.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser le comportement en oxydation de l'acier inoxydable austénitique 304L dans des conditions représentatives du fonctionnement de l'usine de traitement-recyclage du combustible nucléaire usé, c'est-à-dire en milieu acide nitrique concentré. Dans ces conditions, le potentiel électrochimique de l'acier est dans le domaine passif, où sa corrosion est faible. Ce matériau trouve les limites à son utilisation lorsque les conditions deviennent plus oxydantes (concentration et température élevées par exemple). Le potentiel peut alors être porté dans le domaine transpassif. La caractérisation de la passivité et de la rupture de passivité dans le domaine transpassif est donc un enjeu industriel majeur.Ce travail est réalisé dans des conditions représentatives des conditions industrielles. L'acier étudié est un acier austénitique inoxydable 304L issu d'une coulée industrielle. Le milieu d'étude est l'acide nitrique concentré et chaud. Des durées de corrosion relativement longues sont choisies.Pour commencer, la chimie et la morphologie de la surface de l'acier est caractérisée, après une longue durée d'immersion, par des techniques d'analyse complémentaires. Puis, l'oxydation de l'acier est étudiée à un potentiel du domaine passif et à un potentiel du domaine transpassif. En particulier, l'oxydation est caractérisée en fonction du temps par la perte de masse et les propriétés de la surface. Enfin, l'oxydation est décrite à différents potentiels couvrant le domaine passif et le début du domaine transpassif. Ceci permet notamment de quantifier la courbe anodique et de définir les limites d'utilisation de l'acier dans ces conditions.
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Kim, Yeong Ho. "Chromium-free consumable for welding stainless steel corrosion perspective /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133285376.

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Doreau, Nicolas. "Encapsulation de pigments aluminium par un revêtement polymère pour une application peinture poudre." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129354.

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La forte croissance du marché des peintures en poudre nécessite le développement de nouvelles matières de charges compatibles, et notamment de grades de pigments aluminium spécifiques pour obtenir des effets métallisés intéressants. Pour ce faire, l'enrobage des pigments dans une couche polymère est une stratégie éprouvée. Cette étude a permis de montrer qu'un nouveau type de traitement simple et propre, en milieu aqueux, est possible grâce à l'utilisation d'un réactif qui joue un double rôle : les ions persulfate permettent, en effet, dans un premier temps d'inhiber la corrosion de l'aluminium par passivation, puis d'amorcer la réaction de polymérisation de monomères acryliques. La mise en oeuvre de conditions de réaction spécifiques permet alors de limiter l'agglomération des particules et de former une couche polymère homogène et uniforme garantissant des effets otiques optimaux. En ce qui concerne l'interaction entre persulfate et aluminium, nous avons mis en évidence une réaction d'oxydation par le persulfate. Son effet est croissant avec le rapport massique ions persulfates / aluminium et des conditions optimales ont été déterminées sur le grade de pigments étudié. Enfin un mécanisme a été proposé pour rendre compte des résultats obtenus lors des tests de dégazage (gassing), du suivi du ph et des observations en microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB).
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"Reordering at the gas-phase polysulfide-passivated InP and GaAs surfaces." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888938.

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by So King Lung, Benny.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-109).
ABSTRACT --- p.v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Background of the study --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Surface passivation techniques --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Sulfide solution passivation --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Gas-phase sulfide passivation --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Surface structure of sulfide-passivated surface --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of the present study --- p.7
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Instrumentation --- p.9
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9
Chapter 2.2 --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.1 --- The development of XPS --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Basic principle of XPS --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Quantitative analysis of XPS --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Atomic concentration of a homogenous material --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Layer structure --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Simulation of XPS atomic concentration ratios from proposed surface structural models --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.4 --- XPS experiment --- p.19
Chapter 2.3 --- Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.1 --- The development of LEED --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Basic principle of LEED --- p.23
Chapter 2.3.3 --- LEED experiment --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- The ultra high vacuum chamber (UHV) --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- The electron gun --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- The sample --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.3.4 --- The detector system --- p.30
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Surface treatments --- p.31
Chapter 3.1 --- Semiconductor wafers --- p.31
Chapter 3.2 --- Cleaning procedure --- p.31
Chapter 3.3 --- Polysulfide passivation --- p.33
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Gas-phase polysulfide passivation of the InP(100) surface --- p.37
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.37
Chapter 4.2 --- Sulfide-assisted reordering at the InP(100) surface --- p.38
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Gas-phase polysulfide-treated InP( 100) surface --- p.38
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Further annealing of the gas-phase polysulfide-treated surface --- p.47
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Comparison with the UV/O3-HF treatment --- p.48
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Sulfide at the interface of SiNx/InP --- p.49
Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusions --- p.53
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Gas-phase polysulfide passivation of the GaAs(lOO) surface --- p.55
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.55
Chapter 5.2 --- Gas-phase poly sulfide-passivated GaAs( 100) surface --- p.56
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Surface structure of the as-treated surface --- p.56
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Surface structure after further annealing --- p.64
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Mechanism of the gas-phase polysulfide passivation --- p.67
Chapter 5.3 --- Conclusions --- p.68
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Gas-phase polysulfide passivation of the GaAs(100) surface --- p.69
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.69
Chapter 6.2 --- Reordering at the gas-phase polysulfide-passivated GaAs(100) surface --- p.70
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Adsorption of polysulfide on the GaAs(100) surface --- p.70
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Ordered sulfide at the GaAs(l 10) surface --- p.73
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Further analysis of the LEED pattern --- p.80
Chapter 6.3 --- Conclusions --- p.83
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Sulfide Solution passivation of the GaAs(100) surface --- p.84
Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.84
Chapter 7.2 --- Sulfide solution passivation on the GaAs(l 10) surface --- p.85
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Etching of sulfide solution on the GaAs(l 10) surface --- p.85
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Annealing of sulfide solution-passivated GaAs( 110) surface --- p.88
Chapter 7.2.3 --- Further analysis of the LEED pattern --- p.92
Chapter 7.2.4 --- Shift of XPS peak position during annealing --- p.95
Chapter 7.3 --- Conclusions --- p.97
Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusions and further work --- p.99
Chapter 8.1 --- Conclusions --- p.99
Chapter 8.2 --- Further work --- p.100
References --- p.102
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Books on the topic "Passivity (Chemistry)"

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Bao, Jie. Process control: The passive systems approach. London: Springer, 2007.

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Alta.) International Symposium on the Passivity of Metals and Semiconductors (8th 1999 Jasper. Passivity of metals and semiconductors: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium. Edited by Ives, M. B. (Michael Brian), 1934-, Luo J. L. 1955-, Rodda, J. R. (John R.), and Electrochemical Society Corrosion Division. Pennington, NJ: Electrochemical Society, 2001.

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International, Symposium on Passivity (7th 1994 Technical University of Clausthal Germany). Passivation of metals and semiconductors: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Passivity, Passivation of Metals and Semiconductors, Technical University of Clausthal, Germany, August 21-26, 1994. Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 1995.

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European Symposium on Modifications of Passive Films (1993 Paris, France). Modifications of passive films: Papers presented at the European Symposium on Modifications of Passive Films, Paris, France, 15-17 February 1993. London: Published for the European Federation of Corrosion by the Institute of Materials, 1994.

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Marcus, P. M. (Paul M.), 1921-, Baroux B, Keddam M, European Federation of Corrosion, and Knovel (Firm), eds. Modifications of passive films: Papers presented at the European Symposium on Modifications of Passive Films, Paris, France, 15-17 February 1993. London: Institute of Materials, 1994.

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Tomashov, N. D. Passivity and Protection of Metals Against Corrosion. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Lee, Peter L., and Jie Bao. Process Control: The Passive Systems Approach. Springer London, Limited, 2010.

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Passivation of Metals and Semiconductors, and Properties of Thin Oxide Layers: A Selection of Papers from the 9th International Symposium, Paris, France, 27 June - 1 July 2005. Elsevier Science, 2006.

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Marcus, Philippe, and Vincent Maurice. Passivation of Metals and Semiconductors, and Properties of Thin Oxide Layers: A Selection of Papers from the 9th International Symposium, Paris, France, 27 June - 1 July 2005. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2006.

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Testing Tribocorrosion of Passivating Materials Supporting Research and Industrial Innovation: A Handbook. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Passivity (Chemistry)"

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Soltis, J. "Passivity and Passivity Breakdown." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, 396–400. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.13438-9.

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Landolt, Dieter. "Passivity of Metals." In Corrosion and Surface Chemistry of Metals, 227–74. EFPL Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439807880.ch6.

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Di Quarto, F., F. Di Franco, A. Zaffora, and M. Santamaria. "Photocurrent Spectroscopy in Passivity Studies." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, 361–71. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.13578-4.

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Rohwerder, M. "Passivity of Metals and the Kelvin Probe Technique." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, 414–22. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.13405-5.

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Oltra, R., and B. Vuillemin. "Passivity Breakdown: Development and Application of Local Chemical and Electrochemical Probe Methods." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, 401–13. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.13846-6.

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Tribollet, B., V. Vivier, and M. E. Orazem. "EIS Technique in Passivity Studies: Determination of the Dielectric Properties of Passive Films." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, 93–107. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.13817-x.

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Castle, J. E. "The Application of Electron Spectroscopy to Studies of Passivity of Metals and Alloys." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, 469–77. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.13837-5.

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Atkins, Peter, George Ratcliffe, Mark Wormald, and Julio de Paula. "Ion transport across membranes." In Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198830108.003.0025.

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This chapter presents a thermodynamic discussion of the transport of ions, and thus electrical charge, across membranes. Here, the concept of activity plays an important role, and this chapter begins by explaining how the activities of ions may be estimated. It goes on to explore a model of how ions distribute themselves differently on either side of a semipermeable membrane and give rise to a potential difference there. Substantial concentration differences are maintained both passively and actively, the latter by a variety of ion pumps driven by ATP. These pumps include the structures that permit action potentials to flow along neurons and thus enable one to think and respond to stimuli.
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Liu, Yu. "Resemioticization of Periodicity: A Social Semiotic Perspective." In Mendeleev to Oganesson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668532.003.0012.

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Chemical periodicity is arguably one of the most important ideas in science, and it has profoundly influenced the development of both modern chemistry and physics (Scerri 1997, 229). While the definition of periodicity has remained largely stable in the past 150 years, the periodic system has been visualized in a wide range of forms including (to name just a few) tables, spirals, and zigzags. Furthermore, information technology makes it much easier, and offers innovative ways, to produce new versions of periodic depictions (e.g., WebElements (Winter 1993)). The multitude of periodic visualizations arouses growing interest among scholars with different academic backgrounds. For instance, educational researchers and practitioners (e.g., Waldrip et al. 2010) wrestle with the question of which visual representation will most effectively help students master the subject content of periodicity. Likewise, philosophers tend to identify the ultimate display of the periodic system, which they use as evidence to support a realistic view of periodicity (Scerri 2007, 21). Other researchers, however, take a different attitude toward the stunning diversity of periodic depictions. In a seminal paper, Marchese (2013) examines the visualization of periodicity at different stages of history from the perspectives of tabular, cartographic, and hypermedia design. His analysis illuminates the periodic table’s plasticity and endeavors to justify the constant transformation of the periodic displays as a necessary means to meet scientists’ changing needs. While all these studies generally emphasize the importance of periodic depictions in scientific research and education, they tend to give primacy to the notion of “periodic system.” By contrast, the periodic table seems to play a secondary role, which either passively reflects the chemical law or responds to the evolving knowledge of chemical elements. Such a view runs the risk of underestimating the significant function of the periodic table as a productive research tool, one which enabled Mendeleev to successfully predict the existence and the properties of undiscovered elements such as germanium in 1869 (Kibler 2007, 222). It is important to note that science and technology are “both material and semiotic practices” (Halliday 1998, 228, italics in original).
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Conference papers on the topic "Passivity (Chemistry)"

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Wu, Dongliang, Yao Feng, and Tao Liao. "Fault Detection of Networked Systems Based on Passivity." In 2017 5th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering (ICMMCCE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmcce-17.2017.63.

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Paula, Dughila, Adrian Adascalitei, and Aurelia Grigoriu. "BLENDED LEARNING TEXTILE CHEMISTRY USING MOODLE VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-271.

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Blended Learning courses combine face-to-face (traditional) and online learning. This method of learning is for students who do not want to miss out on the traditional classroom experience, but want the flexibility essential with online learning. All blended courses will meet the first day of class and at least three other face-to-face meetings. Textile chemistry can generally be divided into three major areas: dyeing and finishing chemistry, fiber and polymer chemistry, and a newer area that intersects with materials science and involves the blending of textile materials. Online e-learning has also undergone a revolution wherein virtually all universities have provided courses that can be taken asynchronously, anywhere and at anytime. Tools and technologies have rapidly evolved to transform the conventional sequential unidirectional methods into collaborative omni directional learning environments. Piaget's theory of cognitive development stated that "the learner must be active; he is not a vessel to be filled with facts. Learning involves the participation of the learner". eBooks and new collaborative learning software allows us to create materials and an environment that allow students to explore and independently navigate tendrils of interconnecting concepts that will empower and enhance their construction of a more cohesive understanding of interconnected facets of a discipline. Students are rarely prompted to construct explanations of scientific phenomena for themselves. In many undergraduate courses, students spend a great deal of time either passively listening to lecturers' explanations or reading explanations from textbooks. Moreover, textbook explanations are often presented succinctly and in rapid succession, as if the material is straightforward and requires nothing more than memorization. Classroom activities that facilitate students generating their own explanations (i.e., developing and deploying explanatory knowledge) can therefore be powerful conceptual teaching and learning tools. Active learning strategies such as cooperative learning groups, guided inquiry, and peer-led team learning demonstrate progress toward student production of explanations in the undergraduate chemistry classroom. This paper presents the design principles and implementation of interactive training modules from chemical textile engineering curricula performed on " http://www.moodle.tex.tuiasi.ro/" elearning platform. Modules can be used also in traditional didactic activity: course lectures, laboratory, seminar and / or design classes. Interactive simulations allow learning of: knowledge, skills and abilities, necessary to engineering students in their future professional activity. Elearning modules aimed mainly effective interaction between student and content. Interactive graphical interface helps the student to understand quickly and accurately the issues of the course content and enables simulation of real industrial processes.
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Chen, Kok Hao, and Jong Hyun Choi. "DNA Oligonucleotide-Templated Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Novel Label-Free Protein Detection." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11958.

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Semiconductor and magnetic nanoparticles hold unique optical and magnetic properties, and great promise for bio-imaging and therapeutic applications. As part of their stable synthesis, the nanocrystal surfaces are usually capped by long chain organic moieties such as trioctylphosphine oxide. This capping serves two purposes: it saturates dangling bonds at the exposed crystalline lattice, and it prevents irreversible aggregation by stabilizing the colloid through entropic repulsion. These nanocrystals can be rendered water-soluble by either ligand exchange or overcoating, which hampers their widespread use in biological imaging and biomedical therapeutics. Here, we report a novel scheme of synthesizing fluorescent PbS and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using DNA oligonucleotides. Our method of PbS synthesis includes addition of Na2S to the mixture solution of DNA sequence and Pb acetate (at a fixed molar ratio of DNA/S2−/Pb2+ of 1:2:4) in a standard TAE buffer at room temperature in the open air. In the case of Fe3O4 particle synthesis, ferric and ferrous chloride were mixed with DNA in DI water at a molar ratio of DNA/Fe2+/Fe3+ = 1:4:8 and the particles were formed via reductive precipitation, induced by increasing pH to ∼11 with addition of ammonium hydroxide. These nanocrystals are highly stable and water-soluble immediately after the synthesis, due to DNA termination. We examined the surface chemistry between oligonucleotides and nanocrystals using FTIR spectroscopy, and found that the different chemical moieties of nucleobases passivate the particle surface. Strong coordination of primary amine and carbonyl groups provides the chemical and colloidal stabilities, leading to high particle yields (Figure 1). The resulting PbS nanocrystals have a distribution of 3–6 nm in diameter, while a broader size distribution is observed with Fe3O4 nanoparticles as shown in Figure 1b and c, respectively. A similar observation was reported with the pH change-induced Fe3O4 particles of a bimodal size distribution where superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic magnetites co-exist. In spite of the differences, FTIR measurements suggest that the chemical nature of the oligonucleotide stabilization in this case is identical to the PbS system. As a particular application, we demonstrate that aptamer-capped PbS QD can detect a target protein based on selective charge transfer, since the oligonucleotide-templated synthesis can also serve the additional purpose of providing selective binding to a molecular target. Here, we use thrombin and a thrombin-binding aptamer as a model system. These QD have diameters of 3∼6 nm and fluoresce around 1050 nm. We find that a DNA aptamer can passivate near IR fluorescent PbS nanocrystals, rendering them water-soluble and stable against aggregation, and retain the secondary conformation needed to selectively bind to its target, thrombin, as shown in Figure 2. Importantly, we find that when the aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles binds to its target (only the target), there is a highly systematic and selective quenching of the PL, even in high concentrations of interfering proteins as shown in Figure 3a and b. Thrombin is detected within one minute with a detection limit of ∼1 nM. This PL quenching is attributed to charge transfer from functional groups on the protein to the nanocrystals. A charge transfer can suppress optical transition mechanisms as we observe a significant decrease in QD absorption with target addition (Figure 3c). Here, we rule out other possibilities including Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and particle aggregation, because thrombin absorb only in the UV, and we did not observe any significant change in the diffusion coefficient of the particles with the target analyte, respectively. The charge transfer-induced photobleaching of QD and carbon nanotubes was observed with amine groups, Ru-based complexes, and azobenzene compounds. This selective detection of an unlabeled protein is distinct from previously reported schemes utilizing electrochemistry, absorption, and FRET. In this scheme, the target detection by a unique, direct PL transduction is observed even in the presence of high background concentrations of interfering negatively or positively charged proteins. This mechanism is the first to selectively modulate the QD PL directly, enabling new types of label free assays and detection schemes. This direct optical transduction is possible due to oligonucleotidetemplated surface passivation and molecular recognition. This chemistry may lead to more nanoparticle-based optical and magnetic probes that can be activated in a highly chemoselective manner.
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Reports on the topic "Passivity (Chemistry)"

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Davis, G. D., B. A. Shaw, B. J. Rees, A. Lyengar, and E. L. Principe. Electrochemical Behavior and Surface Chemistry of Nonequilibrium Aluminum Alloys: Passivity Mechanism and Fabrication Methods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada275401.

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