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Ochs, Karlheinz. "Passive Integrationsmethoden /." Aachen : Shaker, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009552525&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Galagan, A. А. "Passive house." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28643.
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Shulyma, O. "Passive house." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26065.
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Heater, Morgan. "Passive freeze protection for passive solar thermal DHW systems." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435243.
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Kibort, Anna. "Passive and passive-like constructions in English and Polish." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614872.
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Mahmood, Zohaib. "Algorithms for passive dynamical modeling and passive circuit realizations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97760.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 163-174).
The design of modern electronic systems is based on extensive numerical simulations, aimed at predicting the overall system performance and compliance since early design stages. Such simulations rely on accurate dynamical models. Linear passive components are described by their frequency response in the form of admittance, impedance or scattering parameters which are obtained by physical measurements or electromagnetic field simulations. Numerical dynamical models for these components are constructed by a fitting to frequency response samples. In order to guarantee stable system level simulations, the dynamical models of the passive components need to preserve the passivity property (or inability to generate power), in addition to being causal and stable. A direct formulation results into a non-convex nonlinear optimization problem which is difficult to solve. In this thesis, we propose multiple algorithms that fit linear passive multiport dynamical models to given frequency response samples. The algorithms are based on convex relaxations of the original non-convex problem. The proposed techniques improve accuracy and computational complexity compared to the existing approaches. Compared to sub-optimal schemes based on singular value or Hamiltonian eigenvalue perturbation, we are able to guarantee convergence to the optimal solution within the given relaxation. Compared to convex formulations based on direct Bounded-Real (or Positive-Real) Lemma constraints, we are able to reduce both memory and time requirements by orders of magnitude. We show how these models can be extended to include geometrical and design parameters. We have applied our passive modeling algorithms and developed new strategies to realize passive multiport circuits to decouple multichannel radio frequency (RF) arrays, specifically for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. In a coupled parallel transmit array, because of the coupling, the power delivered to a channel is partially distributed to other channels and is dissipated in the circulators. This dissipated power causes a significant reduction in the power efficiency of the overall system. In this work, we propose an automated eigen-decomposition based approach to designing a passive decoupling matrix interfaced between the RF amplifiers and the coils. The decoupling matrix, implemented via hybrid couplers and reactive elements, is optimized to ensure that all forward power is delivered to the load. The results show that our decoupling matrix achieves nearly ideal decoupling. The methods presented in this work scale to any arbitrary number of channels and can be readily applied to other coupled systems such as antenna arrays.
by Zohaib Mahmood.
Ph. D.
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Thompson, Dominic. "Getting at the passive : functions of passive-types in English." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4050/.
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To describe a transitive event, the English language allows a choice of two Voices. The canonical form is the active-voice, and the alternative is the passive-voice, which offers its own semantic and syntactic functions. The passive-voice can also be divided into two further variants: be-passives and get-passives. Though theories are numerous, literature from both Linguistics and Psychology falls short in describing the functions and uses of these two forms. In this thesis, I present a rethink of passive syntactic representation, simplifying its description under a single structural unit. The proposed pvP theory allows for the variation between the two passive-types, while accounting for the features that are shared by all passive forms. I also present several experiments that explore the differing semantics and syntax of be-passives and get-passives. The results of these studies show a clear preference for the be-passive over the get-passive, especially in self-reporting and tasks that allow self-correction. However, it is also clear that, though there is overlap between them, each form serves its own purposes and exhibits preference for use in specific contexts.
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Jonnalagadda, Aparna S. "Passive microfluidic interconnects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32939.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 44).
Equipment and procedures were developed to test two passive microfluidic interconnect rings held together by the friction forces on the contact surfaces. The second design forms fluid seals by means of thin flared rings of compliant material being compressed into undersized sockets. Interconnects were tested in pairs and arrays. The sealing performance of the first design was found to be highly dependent on the material and surface finish of the features, and the design was found to be largely intolerant to the misalignment inherent in arrays. The second design successfully seals up to 150 psi and is capable of compensating for misalignment to seal in arrays of six interconnects.
by Aparna S. Jonnalagadda.
S.B.
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Negahdaripour, Shahriar. "Direct passive navigation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14939.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE
Bibliography: leaves 219-225.
by Shahriar Negahdaripour.
Ph.D.
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Artman, Bradley. "Passive seismic imaging /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Archakis, Viktor. "The Design of a Passive House." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32220.
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About 25 % of the total buildings in the European Union have been categorized as ”old buildings”. Followed the recent strickt rules for carbon emissions reduction, each house has to approximetely cut 20 % of CO2 by 2020. Countries like England, have taken the issue very seriously and planning to reduce the carbon emissions by 30 % until the end of 2020 and by an extra 80 % by 2050 (Francis Moran, 2014). The aim of the report is to present how a traditional house can be retroffited into a passive house and also to identify the key points that every passive house should have. For the purpose of the project an avtual house, based in Gävle, was provided and all the simulations are based on actual data. The initial design of the house which was used for the simulation and the 3D design, was provided by the house owner. The building was built in 1953, information regarding the current insulation of the house was provided by the owner as well. For the simulations and the 3D design a software know as IDA ICE was used, license and access to the software were given by the University of Gävle. The report simulates the current house and compares the results with two possible scenarios that are reducing the energy demand of the house. Furthermore, the possible ways and tools that could be used to reduce the energy demand of the house and cost estimation for the retrofitting is available in the paper.The first simulations were occured on the actual house, the first retrofitting package introduces new simulations based on new insulation materials, like wood and cement, that are placed mainly on the roof and on the outer walls. Also, the thickness have changed, thus the new insulations are thicker.Moreover, the second and final retrofitting package, introduces an HVAC system, which is a standard system. The aim is to achieve further energy demand reductions and prove that simple and basic changes can improve the quality of living and reduce CO2 emissions.After the completition of the first analysis, a reduction equal to 60 % and after the addition of the HVAC a further 20 % reduction achieved.
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Eriksson, Borovicanin Aleksander, Martin Olausson, and Fredrik Viström. "Passive acoustic diver detection." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180360.
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This report discusses a method to detect divers in harbour environments usingpassive acoustic detection. The goal was to achieve as high detection as possiblewithout having too high false alarm rate. A short execution time was also desirable.By using the characteristic of an inhalation a band-pass filter was applied to the signalto improve the signal to noise ratio. After the filtering an energy estimation of thesignal was made. This energy estimation was later used in a frequency analysis, whichcould tell us if there were enough energy in the frequencies that correspond to adivers breathing frequency. If this energy exceeds a threshold the detector decidesthat there is a diver in the water. To get an acceptable amount of false alarms, thethreshold was set so that the energy of the breathing frequencies had to exceed 5% ofthe energy in the frequencies above the breathing frequencies. Using this method onour data we found that the detector succeeded in finding the diver and didn’t give usany false alarms.
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Grégoire, Vincent. "Essays on passive investing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44620.
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This thesis contains two essays related to passive investing and passive investment vehicles.
In the first essay, I introduce a general equilibrium model with active investors and indexers. The presence of indexers causes market segmentation, and the degree of segmentation is linked to the relative wealth of indexers in the economy. Any shock to this relative wealth generates excess comovement by inducing correlated shocks to discount rates of index stocks. The wealthier the indexers are, the greater the resulting excess comovement is. In the data, I find that S&P 500 stocks tend to comove more with other index stocks and less with non-index stocks, but this was not the case until the 1970s when indexing gained in popularity. I use passive holdings of S&P 500 stocks as a proxy for the wealth of indexers and find that changes in passive holdings are positively related to changes of excess comovement in S&P 500 stocks.
In the second essay, I use liquid exchange traded funds to study the issue of international mutual fund predictability. Mutual fund returns are predictable when the Net Asset Value is computed from prices that do not reflect all available information. This problem was brought to the public eye with the late trading and market timing scandal of 2003, which led to SEC intervention in 2004. Since these events, mutual fund managers have been more active in adjusting NAV, reducing predictability by about half. The simple trading strategy I present yields annual returns of 33% from 2001 to 2004 and 16% from 2005 to 2010. Even after accounting for trading restrictions in mutual funds, an arbitrager could earn annual returns of 2.73% from 2005 to 2010, suggesting the problem is not fully resolved. The main methodological contribution of this essay is to develop a filtering approach based on a state-space model that embeds the fund manager problem, thus accounting for unobserved actions of fund managers. I also show that predictability increases significantly when information sources suggested by prior literature, such as index and futures returns, are supplemented by premiums on related exchange traded funds.
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Sakarya, Fatma Ayhan. "Passive source location estimation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13714.
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Fällman, Alexander, and Max Yngve. "Passive house year round." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119959.
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Passivhus är idag populära bostäder med tyngdpunkt på låg energianvändning. En kravspecifikation, FEBY 12, ställer ett flertal krav på passivhus, däribland energianvändning för uppvärmning. Ett välisolerat och tätt klimatskal är därför en förutsättning för passivhuset att kunna uppfylla kraven. Denna rapport behandlar fönster, som är en del av klimatskalet, och dess påverkan på det termiska inomhusklimatet. Studien genomfördes genom simuleringar i datorprogrammet ParaSol. I det första steget jämfördes fönsterarea, g-värde, u-värde, orientering samt geografisk plats för att undersöka hur energianvändningen förändrades. Resultateten presenteras med diagram och i ett senare avsnitt även slutsatser. Detta tillämpas med ett exempelhus som placeras i Lund, Stockholm och Luleå. Med hjälp av fönsterareor och fönsteregenskaper optimeras energianvändningen för uppvärmningen så att husen uppfyller kraven i FEBY 12. Fönsterareornas storlek behöver anpassas till den geografiska positionen för att uppnå en optimal energianvändning för uppvärmning. I studien fick vi fram att fönsterareorna, utan solavskärmning, i Lund kunde utgöra 16 % av fasaden, i Stockholm 13 % av fasaden och i Luleå 11 % av fasaden. Med solavskärmning blev fönsterareorna något större, detta medförde också en något större energiförbrukning.
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Harvey, Richard. "Passive synthetic aperture sonar." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332047.
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Meredith, Owain. "Passive catalytic soot oxidation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110463/.
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Increasingly stringent legislation limiting the emissions of particulate matter (commonly referred to as soot particulates) has led to the adoption of particulate filters in the exhausts of both diesel and gasoline passenger vehicles. While filters are highly effective at reducing these emissions, it is necessary to periodically remove trapped particulates in order to avoid their accumulation and the resulting loss of vehicle performance associated with backpressure build-up. An effective method of removing soot particulates is through combustion (oxidation) with the oxygen-containing species present in the atmosphere of the exhaust, however this is unattainable at the temperatures experienced under normal driving conditions. A catalyst able to lower the temperature of soot oxidation is therefore desirable in order to achieve passive regeneration of the filter. Previous studies have identified ceria, CeO2 as a promising soot oxidation catalyst due to its outstanding redox properties, and have shown that it can be enhanced by doping with various other metals. In this work, ceria-based catalysts have been prepared by the co-precipitation method. Ceria was doped with zirconium, lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium in various ratios in order to enhance its catalytic properties. Each of these materials also contained alumina in order to improve their thermal stability. Of these materials, the most active for soot oxidation was found to be a CeO2-Nd2O3-Al2O3 catalyst prepared in a 7:3:10 molar ratio of Ce:Nd:Al and calcined at 750ºC under flowing air. This catalyst lowered the temperature at which soot oxidation reached its peak rate by over 100ºC. It was also demonstrated that the catalytic activity of these materials benefited considerably from the presence of alkali metals within their structure. The use of the ceria-based materials as supports by impregnating them with other species previously identified as active soot oxidation catalysts was also investigated, which resulted in a further lowering of the soot oxidation temperature. Structural characterisation of the materials was carried out by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface area analysis (BET), while their redox properties were analysed by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The catalytic activity of the materials towards soot oxidation was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
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Nivi, Babak. "Passive wearable electrostatic tags." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42790.
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Brown, J. W. A. "FM airborne passive radar." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1397756/.
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The airborne application of Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR) is the latest evolution of the now established international interest in passive radar techniques. An airborne passive system is cheaper to construct, easier to cool, lighter and requires less power than a traditional active radar system. These properties make it ideal for installation on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), especially for the next generation of Low Observable (LO) UAVs, complementing the platforms LO design with an inherently Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) air-to-air and air-to-ground sensing capability. A comprehensive literature review identified a lack of practical and theoretical research in airborne passive bistatic radar and a quantitative model was designed in order to un- derstand the theoretical performance achievable using a hypothetical system and FM as the illuminator of opportunity. The results demonstrated a useable surveillance volume, assuming conservative estimates for the receiver parameters and allowed the scoping and specification of an airborne demonstrator system. The demonstrator system was subsequently designed and constructed and flown on airborne experiments to collect data for both air-to-air and air-to-ground operation analysis. Subsequent processing demonstrated the successful detection of air targets which correlated with the actual aircraft positions as recorded by a Mode-S/ADS-B receiver. This is the first time this has been conclusively demonstrated in the literature. Doppler Beam Sharpening was used to create a coarse resolution image allowing the normalised bistatic clutter RCS of the stationary surface clutter to be analysed. This is the first time this technique has been applied to an airborne passive system and has yielded the first quantitive values of normalised bistatic clutter RCS at VHF. This successful demonstration of airborne passive radar techniques provides the proof of concept and identifies the key research areas that need to be addressed in order to fully develop this technology.
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Mendes, Tiago Miguel da Paz Santos. "Stacked passive optical network." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11296.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesA crescente procura por serviços de banda larga, e diversificação de conteúdos e serviços disponibilizados pela rede tem contribuído fortemente para o que se designa “last mile bottleneck”. Como solução surgiram as redes óticas de acesso passivas, que oferecem elevada largura de banda e uma relação preço por número de clientes servidos muito competitiva. Ao longo deste documento são estudadas as redes passivas de acesso que atualmente têm maior taxa de implementação, EPON e GPON e é proposto um cenário de convivência entre as duas utilizando a mesma fibra de distribuição. Para implementação do cenário proposto, foi estudada e avaliada separadamente a convivência no sentido ONUOLT e OLT-ONU. Na comunicação ONU-OLT a viabilidade estatística da convivência foi comprovada através de simulação e seguidamente corroboração experimental. Na comunicação OLT-ONU diversos mecanismos de conversão de comprimento de onda exclusivamente óticos como modulação de ganho e fase cruzada, e rotação cruzada de polarização, foram avaliados por simulação e comprovados em laboratório.
The increasing demand for broadband services and the diversification of content and services provided by the network has strongly contributed for the so-called "last mile bottleneck". As a solution, the passive optical networks (PON) emerged, offering high bandwidth and a very competitive cost per number of customers served. Throughout this document are studied the passive access networks that currently experience higher deployment rates, EPON and GPON and a coexistence scenario over the same distribution fiber is proposed. To implement the proposed scenario and due to incompatibility between the two referred standards, upstream and downstream communication directions were studied and evaluated separately. For upstream communication the statistical viability of the network was assessed using simulation and experimental corroboration. In the downstream communication several mechanisms for all-optical wavelength conversion such as cross gain and phase modulation, and also cross polarization rotation were evaluated and tested.
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Suwal, Pasang Sherpa. "Passive Acoustic Vessel Localization." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/757.
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This thesis investigates the development of a low-cost passive acoustic system for localizing moving vessels to monitor areas where human activities such as fishing, snorkeling and poaching are restricted. The system uses several off-the-shelf sensors with unsynchronized clocks where the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) or time delay is extracted by cross-correlation of the signal between paired sensors. The cross-correlation function uses phase correlation or Phase Transform (PHAT) which whitens the cross-spectrum in order to de-emphasize dominant frequency components. Using the locations of pairs of sensors as foci, hyperbolic equations can be defined using the time delay between them. With three or more sensors, multiple hyperbolic functions can be calculated which intersect at a unique point: the boat's location. It is also found that increasing separation distances between sensors decreased the correlation between the signals. However larger separation distances have better localization capability than with small distances. Experimental results from the Columbia and Willamette Rivers are presented to demonstrate performance.
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Neto, Rafael Tobias Moretti. "Determinação de níveis ótimos de passividade em prótese sobre implante em função da deformação dos intermediários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25135/tde-04092007-143032/.
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O assentamento passivo tem sido considerado um dos mais importantes requisitos para o sucesso de próteses implanto-suportada. Este estudo in vitro investigou a deformação do intermediário de prótese implantosuportada após o aperto do parafuso tanto do cilindro de Paládio-Prata como de Cobalto-Cromo. Um modelo mestre foi usado para simular uma mandíbula humana com cinco implantes. Extensômetros foram colados nas faces mesial e distal de cada intermediário para registrar as deformações causadas pelos cilindros após o aperto dos parafusos. Os intermediários foram montados sobre as réplicas dos implantes e os parafusos foram apertados com um torque de 20 Ncm e as leituras foram gravadas. Após este passo, os parafusos tanto dos cilindros de Paládio-Prata como de Cobalto-Cromo foram apertados com um torque de 10 Ncm e as leituras também foram gravadas. Estas medições foram repetidas por cinco vezes. O teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado aos resultados. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada entre as tensões geradas tanto pelos cilindros de Paládio-Prata como os de Cobalto-Cromo. No entanto, existiram diferenças com relação à qualidade da tensão. A deformação gerada pelo aperto dos parafusos dos cilindros de Cobalto-Cromo foi de compressão e o aperto dos parafusos dos cilindros de Paládio-Prata gerou forças de compressão e tração.Passive fit has been considered one of the most important requirements for the success of implant supported prostheses. This in vitro study investigated the abutment deformation of an implant-supported prosthesis after screw tightening of palladium-silver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinder. A master model was used to simulate a human mandible with five implants. The Strain gauges were attached on the sides of each abutment to capture deformations because of the cylinders screws after was tightened. The abutments were mounted onto implant replicas and the screws were tightened to a 20 Ncm torque, and the readings were recorded. After this step, palladiumsilver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders were tightened to a 10 Ncm torque and the readings were recorded. The measurements were repeated five times. Mann-Whitney statistical test was applied to the results. No statistical differences were found between the deformation generated by palladium-silver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders. However, there were differences relative to the quality of the strain. The deformation generated by screw tightness of the cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders was compressive while palladium-silver prosthetic cylinders generated compressive and tensile strain.
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Pereira, Marina Sundfeld. "Construções com os verbos-suporte bringen e kommen do alemão: significado ativo e passivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-09012018-180916/.
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Construções com verbo-suporte (CVS) são ligações verbo-nominais que possuem um significado único, como por exemplo, zu Ende bringen (levar a cabo, concluir). O substantivo ligado ao verbo-suporte (VS) pode estar ou não precedido por uma preposição. Por meio de uma CVS é possível expressar a mudança na Aktionsart em relação ao verbo-base, que é o verbo que dá origem ao substantivo da parte nominal da CVS. A Aktionsart expressa pela CVS com bringen e com kommen é, respectivamente, perfectiva ingressiva causativa e perfectiva ingressiva. As CVS podem ter significado ativo ou passivo, sendo bringen um VS com significado ativo, pois expressa um agente ou uma causa, e kommen um VS com significado passivo, uma vez que não os expressa. Por isso, kommen é o principal substituto para bringen na formação de CVS, mantendo Aktionsart perfectiva ingressiva de bringen, mas sem expressar um agente ou causa. No entanto, ao fazermos o levantamento de CVS com bringen, verificamos que esse VS também pode ocorrer na voz passiva, o que nos levou a investigar se essas formas coocorrem paralelamente a todas as CVS com bringen elencadas para compor esta pesquisa. O levantamento de CVS com bringen na voz ativa e passiva e das CVS com kommen foi feito através da ferramenta de busca, gerenciamento e de análise de corpus Cosmas II. As CVS com bringen que compõem o corpus constituído para este trabalho foram categorizadas como prototípicas (preposicionadas e com substantivo deverbal) ou não prototípicas. Além disso, foram categorizadas de acordo com a resposta afirmativa ou negativa a testes de lexicalização, que consistem em descobrir se cada CVS com bringen aceita determinadas mudanças em sua parte nominal, como pluralização do substantivo, adjetivação entre outros. Concluímos que a formação da voz passiva com bringen e a possibilidade de substituir o VS bringen por kommen não dependem da lexicalização da CVS, mas sim da presença ou não de preposição na parte nominal da CVS.Light-verb constructions (LVCs) are verb-noun combinations with a single meaning, for example, zu Ende bringen (to bring to an end). The noun attached to the light verb may or may not be preceded by a preposition. By means of a LVC it is possible to express a change in the Aktionsart in comparison to the Aktionsart of the verb which gives rise to the noun of the LVC. The Aktionsart, expressed by the LVC with the verbs bringen and kommen, are perfective ingressive causative and perfective ingressive respectively. LVCs may have either a passive or an active meaning. While the light verb bringen has an active meaning, because it expresses a cause or an agent, the verb kommen has a passive meaning. The verb kommen is the main substitute for the light verb bringen, because, although it has a passive meaning, it still maintains the perfective ingressive Aktionsart. However, the corpus data of the constructions with bringen has showed us a great amount of passive-voice constructions. As a result, we have researched if both ways of expressing passivity may occur with all LVCs comprising the verb bringen, which were chosen as the corpus of this research. The data survey was made with Corpus Search, Management and Analysis System Cosmas II. The constructions with the light verb bringen were categorized as prototypical (with a preposition and a deverbative noun) or not prototypical. They were also categorized according to their response to the lexicalization tests, which consist in ascertaining if the constructions accept some changes in their nominal part, like pluralization of nouns, adjectivation, and so on. We concluded that the formation of passive voice of such constructions does not depend on the lexicalization of the LVCs but rather on the presence of a preposition in the nominal part of the LVC.
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Chan, Yeuk Him. "A self-regulated passive fuel-feed system for passive direct methanol fuel cells /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202008%20CHAN.
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Angeli, Bruno Cesar de Camargo. "Projeto e teste de um receptor para transmissões em modo de rajada de redes ópticas passivas de nova geração." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261921.
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Orientador: Aldário Chrestani BordonalliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Devido ao grande volume de trafego causado pelo aumento exponencial do numero de usuários na Internet e o surgimento continuo de novas aplicações de banda larga, redes de alta capacidade são necessárias para suportar a grande demanda de trafego. Dentre os diferentes tipos de redes de acesso, as redes ópticas passivas são consideradas uma das alternativas mais promissoras para conexão de ultima milha, devido ao seu baixo custo e a eficiência de seus recursos, o que a torna uma das principais soluções para a demanda por banda de transmissão. Para acomodar o alto numero de assinantes, a transmissão em modo de rajada e utilizada, sendo o tratamento e a recepção desta natureza de transmissão um dos pontos mais críticos de concepção do sistema. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho apresenta o estudo e projeto de um receptor operando em modo de rajada para ser usado em redes ópticas passivas de próxima geração, devendo este suportar uma taxa de transmissão de ate 2,5 Gbit/s. Os passos de desenvolvimento do protótipo são descritos e seu desempenho avaliado em termos das recomendações propostas pelo órgão ITU-T
Abstract: Due to the increasing volume of traffic caused by the exponential growth of the number of Internet users and the continuous arrival of new broadband applications, high-capacity networks are necessary to handle large traffic demand. Among the different types of access networks, passive optical networks are considered one of the most promising alternatives for the last mile connection, due to its low cost and resource efficiency, making it one of the main solutions to the demand for bandwidth transmission. To accommodate a large number of subscribers, burst mode transmission is used. Thus, the reception and processing of this type of transmission becomes one of the most critical system design issues. Within this context, this work presents the study and design of a receiver operating in burst mode to be used in next generation passive optical networks, supporting transmission rates up to 2.5 Gbit/s. The prototype development stages are described and the receiver performance evaluated in terms of the recommendations proposed by the ITU-T
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Strobl, Daniel. "Omega - En passiv och vacker tillvaro : Ett passivt bostadshus." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25566.
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Idag projekteras byggnader för att spara energi och minimera värmeförluster som sker genom klimatskal. För att kunna minska behovet av aktiv uppvärmning för de boende utvecklades en idé om att byggnaden skulle uppvärmas med hjälp av passivvärme. Detta ledde till skapandet av passiv och lågenergihus. Det har funnits passivhus i mer än 20 år och vanligen används denna princip av privatvillor. På senare tid har dock passivhustekniken börjat integreras vid uppförandet av flerbostadshus. Syftet är naturligtvis att minska årsbehovet av aktiv uppvärmning för byggnader och samtidigt minska värmeeffektbehovet. Vid projekterande av passivhus eller lågenergihus har det historiskt sett lagts mer fokus på byggnadsfunktionen än utseendet, vilket kan leda till att den estetiska formen på byggnaden försummas. Det leder i sin tur till frågeställningen om passivhus kan projekteras till att vara såväl energieffektivt som estetisk tilltalande eller om det finns ett motsatsförhållande? Svaret på frågan är att passivhusets energieffektivitet mycket väl kan kombineras med attraktivt utseende – möjligheten lämnas fritt för arkitektens egen tolkning av byggnadens utseende. Formen och utseendet på byggnaden kan påverka byggnadens energiförbrukning vid uppvärmning av byggnaden. I litteraturstudien har det avhandlats det som kallas för YV-faktorn, detta är förhållandet mellan byggnadens omslutande area och invärtes volymen. Ju lägre YV-faktorn desto enklare är det att värma upp byggnaden. Olika geometriska figurer på byggnaden påverkar denna betingelse – bäst anses vara halvklot och cylinder. Detta beror på att krökta väggar i konstruktionen ökar den invändiga volymen på byggnaden och samtidigt ökar den omslutande area minimalt. Omega i denna rapport utvecklades för att passa det svenska klimatet, emellertid bör denna byggnad även kunna tillämpas utomlands t.ex. i Tyskland som är ett av de dominerande länderna vid användning av passivhus. För att en byggnad ska kunna betraktas som ett passivhus i Tyskland är ett av de viktigaste kraven att uppvärmningen max ska vara 15 kWh/m2 och ha en maximal energiförbrukning på 120 kWh/m2. De simuleringar som genomfördes med hjälp av IDA (Indoor, Climate and Energy 4) registrerade att värde på 11.6 kWh/m2 i uppvärmning och 118 kWh/m2 för hela Omegas energiförbrukning. Slutsatsen är att ett flerbostadshus kan konstrueras efter passivhusprincipen, även i krävande länder som Tyskland. Vid en jämförelse mellan ett vanligt hus med formen som ett rätblock och denna byggnad med exakt samma förutsättningar, minskas värmebehovet med 23 %. Detta beror på att vid inkludering av krökta väggar i konstruktionen eller övrig geometrisk form på byggnaden, påverkas uppvärmningsbehovet för byggnaden.Today buildings are projected to save energy and minimize heat losses through buildings envelope. In order to reduce the need for active heating for the residents, an idea was developed that the building would be heated by passive heat. This eventually led to the creation of passive and low-energy buildings. There have been passive houses for more than 20 years and are commonly used by individuals and their homes. Lately engineers have begun to integrate passive house technology with the construction of apartment buildings. The aim of course is to reduce the annual consumption of active heating for buildings and heating requirements. During the early phase of development, it has historically been more focus on the actual building function than appearance, which may lead that the aesthetic form of the building is neglected. This in turn leads to the question if passive houses can be designed to be both energy efficient and as aesthetically pleasing or if there is a contradiction? The answer is that passive house energy efficiency can be combined with attractive appearance - the possibility is left free for the architect's own interpretation of the building's appearance. The shape and appearance of the building can affect the building's energy consumption for heating of the building. In literature, what is called YV-factor has been discussed; The YV-factor is the ratio between the building's surrounding area and internal volume. The lower YV- factor the easier it is to heat the building. Various geometric shapes of the building affect this condition - best considered is hemisphere and cylinder. This is because the curved walls of the structure increase the internal volume meanwhile the surrounding area increase is negligible. The building Omega in this report was developed to suit the Swedish climate, however it should be investigated if this building can be applied in Germany, which is one of the dominant countries in the use of passive houses. For a building to be considered as a passive house in Germany, one of the key requirements is that the heating do not exceed 15 kWh/m2 and have a maximum power consumption of 120 kWh/m2. The simulations were carried out with the aid of IDA (Indoor , Climate and Energy 4 ) registered the value of 11.6 kWh/m2 for heating and 118 kWh/m2 for the whole District Omega's energy consumption. The conclusion is that a multistoried house can be constructed as a passive house, even in Germany. In a comparison between a normal house with shape as a cuboid and this building with the exact same conditions, the difference is 23 % in heating requirements. This is due to the inclusion of curved walls in the construction or other geometric form of building, affects heating requirement of the building.
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Goes, Adriano Almeida 1978. "Modelo de propagação empírico para sistemas RFID passivo = Emprirical propagation model for RFID passive systems." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261045.
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Orientador: Paulo CardieriTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Resultados de campanhas de medição realizadas visando o desenvolvimento de uma fer-ramenta para o projeto, implantação e análise de sistemas de RFID são mostrados nesse traba-lho. Particularmente, a perda de percurso de rádio a partir de um leitor de RFID até um TAG, e de volta para o leitor é caracterizada na banda 915 MHz, para diferentes distâncias de separação leitor-TAG, alturas de TAG e de antena do leitor. Vários cenários de propagação foram considerados, incluindo ambientes exteriores e in-teriores, para os quais foi colhido um extenso número medidas. Os dados de campo são, então, comparados a uma versão melhorada do modelo clássico perda caminho 2-ray, ajustada para incluir também os padrões de radiação da antena não omnidirecionais no leitor. Além disso, foi investigado, por meio da análise de medidas de campo, o efeito da mobi-lidade do TAG no sinal recebido no leitor. Para a coleta das medidas, foi construído um aparato composto de uma esteira de velocidade controlada, onde foram instalados TAGs de teste. Os resultados de medida mostraram que a mobilidade do TAG provoca uma diminuição do valor médio e um aumento da variância do sinal recebido no leitor. Essa atenuação extra e a variância do sinal não são fortemente afetadas pelo valor da velocidade. Por fim, esses efeitos de propagação são incorporados em um modelo matemático, que pode ser utilizado para a simulação e planejamento de sistemas RFID
Abstract: Results of measurement campaigns carried out aiming at the development of a tool for design, deployment, and analysis of RFID systems are shown. Particularly, the radio path loss from an RFID reader towards the test TAG and back to the reader is characterized at the 915 MHz band. The path loss is estimated based on the received signal strength measured at the reader, for different reader¿TAG separation distances and different antenna TAG heights. Several propagation scenarios have been considered, including outdoor and indoor environments for which an extensive number of typical real manufacturing plants have been chosen. The field data are then compared to a proposed novel, improved version of the classical 2-ray path loss model, adjusted to include non-omnidirectional antenna radiation patterns at the reader. In addition, the effect of TAG mobility in the received signal at the reader was also investigated, by means of field measurements. To collect the field measurements, an apparatus was designed and constructed, consisting of a mat of controlled speed, on which test TAGs were installed. The results showed that TAG mobility decreases the average value increases the variance of the received signal at the reader. This extra attenuation and the increased variance of the signal are not strongly affected by the value of speed. Finally, these two effects are incorporated into a mathematical model that can be used for simulation and planning of RFID systems
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Adolfsson, Jesper. "Passive control of mechanical systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3136.
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Yilmaz, Serter. "Passive Haptic Robotic Arm Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612491/index.pdf.
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The implant surgery replaces missing tooth to regain functionality and look of the normal tooth after dental operation. Improper placement of implant increases recuperation periods and reduces functionality. The aim of this thesis is to design a passive haptic robotic arm to guide dentist during the implant surgery.
In this thesis, the optimum design of the 6R passive haptic robotic arm is achieved. The methodology used in optimization problem involves minimization of end-effector side parasitic forces/torques while maximizing transparency of the haptic device. The transparency of haptic device is defined as realism of forces generated by device in real world compared to forces in virtual world. The multivariable objective function including dynamic equations of 6R robotic arm is derived and the constraints are determined using kinematic equations. The optimization problem is solved using SQP and GA. The link lengths and other relevant parameters along with the location of tool path are optimized. The end-effector parasitic torques/forces are significantly minimized. The results of two optimization techniques have proven to be nearly the same, thus a global optimum solution has been found in the search space. Main contribution of this study is to take spatial nonlinear dynamics into consideration to reduce parasitic torques.
Also, a mechanical brake is designed as a passive actuator. The mechanical brake includes a cone based braking system actuated by DC motor. Three different prototypes are manufactured to test performance of the mechanical brake. The final design indicates that the mechanical brake can be used as passive actuators.
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Chimerel, Catalin. "Passive transport through biological membranes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265549.
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The living organisms are varied when viewed from a macroscopic perspective, but on the molecular level they function based on the same fundamental principles. All living organisms are compartmented into cells via cellular walls made of lipid membranes. Through the wall the cell needs to transport nutrients, waste, genetic information and signaling molecules. The cell achieves this task via passive and active transport. In this thesis we focus on passive transport processes. In Chapter 1 of this thesis I introduce the topic of passive transport and its importance for biological systems. In Chapter 2 I use fluorescence methods to determine the passive transport of molecules with self intrinsic fluorescence through lipid membranes. We have built a unique fluorescence microscope which is capable of visualizing the fluorescence of molecules excited with deep UV light. With this new tool we monitored passive transport through the lipid membrane for several biologically significant molecules like for example the bacterial signal indole. Indole is an organic compound linked to important cellular processes like bacterial growth rates and cellular morphology. It is believed that indole is actively transported through the membrane of Escherichia coli via influx and efflux pumps. Here we give an unambiguous proof that indole can freely diffuse through intact bacterial lipid membranes. We extend this study to other molecules with self intrinsic fluorescence , like for example the antibiotic norfloxacin and the fluorescent dye fluorescein. We show that both these molecules can undergo passive transport through the lipid membrane.
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Chalet, Raymond. "Smart modulated passive power filter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0006/MQ35483.pdf.
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Krüger, Carina. "Passive immunization against oral pathogens /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-960-9/.
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Pourabdollah, Nezhad Maziar. "Active and passive plasmonic devices." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3284224.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 14, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-102).
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Drysdale, Timothy D. "Passive devices for terahertz frequencies." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7721.
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Terahertz technology is a relatively new field of electromagnetic study and interest is rapidly growing in the wake of dramatic imaging demonstrations. Other applications are expected to follow, and they will need passive devices with functionality already found in more familiar microwave and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, but presently missing in the terahertz region. Two fundamental devices in particular are variable polarisation compensators, and tunable frequency-selective filters.
This work represents the first demonstration of a variable polarisation compensator using subwavelength patterned features (artificial dielectrics). Following on from the original proposal, this work contains a complete and thorough investigation including the development of a bulk silicon micromachining fabrication process, full characterisation of the device performance in the W-band (70 – 110GHz) and comprehensive simulations of the device, including detailed simulation of three distinct new designs with improved performance (continuously-variable retardance with maximum in excess of quarter- and half wave). The third of the three designs is capable of extremely low insertion loss (<0.6 dB) and overcomes a difficulty of the original design that prevented zero retardance in a practical device.
Secondly, a new tunable photonic crystal filter is proposed and demonstrated. Easily accessible external control surfaces integrated into the interlocking plates of a layer-by-layer photonic crystal allow unprecedented contol over the number and type of defects within the structure, all of which may be tuned "on-the-fly". Devices are initially investigated with a full-vector electromagnetic finite-difference time-domain technique, to reveal the influence of the design dimensions on the band gap as well as the effect of the defects. A two-plate metal device having four layers of rods is constructed and measured in the W-band. In good agreement with the simulations, it is experimentally determined that a moveable passband is centered at 81 GHz, with a quality factor of 11, and a tuning shift of 1.7 GHz for a plate movement of 450 µm.
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Hamudi, W. K. "Passive laser pulse synchronisation techniques." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354005.
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Kwong, Kae Hsaing. "Passive optical network architecture designs." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415311.
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Mingotti, Nicola. "Passive environmental design for health." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709015.
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Weber, Alexis Christian 1974. "Precision passive alignment of wafers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89364.
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Guo, H. "Wireless based passive bistatic radar." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/133369/.
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With the rapid development and deployment of 802.11 wireless network signals over recent years, wireless network transmission has become widely available in many public places. This has given rise to interest from many researchers in application of these systems to detection and tracking. However, the majority of this research is focussed on co-operative detection using base station signal triangulation methods. There has been little research on non-cooperative indoor detection using wireless communication signals. This dissertation offers a comprehensive study of non-cooperative passive bistatic wireless detection methods. This includes a review of the literature, and a detailed theoretical and experimental study to evaluate the performance of the performance of bistatic passive radar (PBR) using wireless signals as an illuminator of opportunity. The characteristics of 802.11 wireless LAN signal were investigated, including the modulation scheme, the effective bandwidth, and the shifting transmission rate, which all influence and contribute to passive radar performance. The bistatic range resolution is 27 m when there is a lower transmission rate (1 Mbps and 2 Mbps) using DSSS PHY (with 11 MHz bandwidth); and the bistatic range resolution is 15 m when there is a higher transmission rate (above 5 Mbps) using OFDM PHY (with 20 MHz bandwidth). The ambiguity functions of typical waveforms of the 802.11 wireless LAN signals were simulated and analyzed from the radar perspective after the investigation of the communication signal characteristics. The echo power performance was then investigated as the initial experiment using the 802.11 beacon signal in an anechoic chamber and real wireless data transmissions in an office environment. The measurements seemed to agree quite closely with the theoretical values in an ideal environment. A comprehensive range of experiments in both indoor and outdoor environments were then conducted to examine the range and Doppler detection performance. These experiments demonstrated the first reported results for non-cooperative detection of human and other targets using wireless transmissions. Performance bounds were determined from these experiments and direct and multipath signal suppression identified as key areas to improve performance. Direct signal interference cancellation methods based on an adaptive filter were therefore developed and verified with effective cancellation results. The adaptive filter method developed in this study improved target SIR by about 30 – 40 dB. This study was finally extended to consider longer range outdoor detection using 802.16 (WiMax) transmissions. Simulations were carried out for real maritime surveillance scenarios and compared with existing active radars. This preliminary study showed that wireless based passive radar has the potential to replace active systems in some scenarios and is the subject of ongoing studies.
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Chitale, Kapil S. "Passive Solar Possibilities in India." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596913.
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The main purpose or this report is to introduce to
those concerned with energy conservation and the building
industry the possibility of improving the energy balance
between the building envelope and the climate.
Passive solar means have been used in improving this
balance without relying an any kind of mechanical equipment.
The research was carried out in three stages: 1)
climate, 2) comfort and 3) design. The first stage was the evaluation of climatic
conditions in India, specifically for the two very diverse
locations chosen. This evaluation was done with the use of
maps, charts, tables, etc., of climatic data to be used.
The second stage was comfort. This stage involved
the specific needs and lifestyle of the local inhabitant.
Envelope design assumptions were made at this stage. The third stage was that of the design process
itself. This stage was the result of the combination of the
previous two stages, as well as some guidelines of design
requirements for India.
To be able to demonstrate the effectiveness of
passive measures in the performance of the building
envelope, case study was done. This study also reflects the reduction in energy consumption to achieve a degree of
thermal comfort.
There are various architectural concepts in
enhancing the performance of a building envelope. Due to
this, no definite recommendations have been made. The
recommendations could be used as guidelines in achieving a
certain degree of improvement. However, with adequate
attention paid to detail, a comfortable condition could be
achieved.
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Mitchell, Morgan Adrienne. "Passive Noise Control in Incubators." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51603.
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Incubators in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are known to produce high Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) that can have detrimental effects on infants. Currently measured SPL in NICU's using traditional incubators are above the recommended 45 dB[A] threshold value [1]. Due to operating equipment and environmental noise, the sound level that is perceived by the developing newborn can cause both short and long term hearing loss as well as psychological damage [1].This thesis presents a study on how passive noise control devices can be used to reduce SPL levels in incubator NICU environments. A combination of experimental testing coupled with Finite Element simulations were performed for a modern incubator. In the experimental portion, porous mattresses were analyzed to reduce SPL values. These same test scenarios were modeled using the FE software. Using this model, extensive studies were performed on an arrangement of porous mattress materials with simple foam shapes to determine sound absorbing characteristics of several designs. Data was collected and studied at a NICU at Children\'s Hospital in Norfolk, Va. Experimental work showed improvement in reducing SPL with multiple thicknesses for different sound absorbing mattresses. The experimental outcomes validated the FE simulation model by showing similar trends at the baby\'s ears. In simulation work, polyimide foam had the best low frequency performance while polyurethane had the greatest performance in middle and high frequencies. Designs that used full-width foam treatments across the incubator produced the overall greatest reduction in noise around the baby control volume by approximately 26%.Master of Science
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Moodley, Jennifer R. "Passive smoking and meningococcal disease." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27008.
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Neiserria meningitidis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa (SA). It is the sixth commonest cause of notified disease with a case fatality rate of 11% for the period 1990 1994. Identification of preventable risk factors is critical as no effective vaccine exists for serogroup B, the most prevalent serogroup in SA. A case control study was undertaken to determine the risk factors associated with meningococcal disease. The study population consisted of all children under the age of 14 years who were residents of the Cape Town City Council and Cape Metropolitan Council areas of jurisdiction. Cases were identified from weekly notification reports and from admissions to the City Hospital for Infectious Diseases. Controls were selected from the trauma wards at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital. Data was analyzed using EPI INFO and SAS statistical software. During the period October 1993 to January 1995 70 cases and 210 controls were interviewed. Cases were significantly younger than controls (p = 0.0001). On univariate analysis significant risk factors for meningococcal disease included: a household where 2 or more members smoked (odds ratio (OR) =1.8), recent upper respiratory tract infection (OR= 1.8), poor nutritional status (OR= 3.6), being breastfed for less than 3 months (OR= 2.7) and overcrowding (OR= 2.8). After adjusting for confounders, the main force of passive smoking as a risk factor for meningococcal disease appeared to be in the presence of a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Other factors that remained significant after adjusting for confounders included: being breastfed for less than three months (adjusted OR= 2.4) and being less than 4 years old (adjusted OR= 2.3). This is the first case control study in South Africa examining risk factors associated with meningococcal disease. The study provides further evidence for the reduction of smoking, reduction of overcrowding and the promotion of breast-feeding as important public health measures. It also identifies children under the age of 4 years as an important target group should an effective vaccine become available.
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Yue, Hailing. "Reconfigurable Passive RF/Microwave Components." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1467817602.
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Garry, Joseph Landon. "Imaging Methods for Passive Radar." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500464101265192.
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Marciniak, Piotr. "Passive house for Polish climate." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11455.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilThis thesis refers to the viability of applying the Passive house concept to the Polish climate, focusing on city of Lodz. The Passive house concept introduces the construction of high energy efficient building, with the aim of fulfilling the requirements established by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (2010/31/UE, EPBD). The study began with the introduction to Passive House concept. Therefore, the examples of construction solutions, specifications and overall requirements regarding Passive House were presented. The comparative study over the heating demand of the case study, between the European standard EN 13790 and the software “Passive House Planning Package” was performed. Afterwards, the accommodation of the case study to the Passive House standards with the use of “Passive House Planning Package” was executed. The accommodation was planned for the city of Lodz, Poland. To finalize, the economic study, with the aim of receiving the payback time of investment was presented. Summarizing, this study presents the Passive House concept with the practical approach, performed for Polish climate.
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Alzaed, Ali. "User centered passive building design." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/9873/.
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The full integration of End User Factors (EUFs) into the building design processes environment is still emergent. It has been suggested from other sectors that the integration of EUFs into design can improve work performance and promote the workforce’s physical and mental health. The need for EUFs in the passive design strategies (PDS) (i.e., ventilation, day lighting and thermal comfort) has become a prerequisite condition from clients to enhance the user experience and harmonise their activities with PD performances. MFE (2011) claimed that architects are not fully engaged in the integration of EUFs in design. “The design team should involve future users and facilities management staff in the design process, and develop a building user’s guide to inform occupants of the building’s design intent”. This research has carried out an intensive literature review into user centred design (UCD) methods and factors in the building, engineering and IT industries. The investigation spans from 1955 to date. The literature showed that there are no coherent models in the building industry that capture the total EUFs as portrayed in ISO standards. However, in the IT industry the theory of UCD is well advanced and developed. The methodology that is followed by this research is based on a critical analysis of the literature and prototype modelling. To ensure the appropriate EUFs are selected and integrated into design, the author needs to investigate what are the most relevant EUFs and how to integrate them into various PDs. To carry out this process effectively the author developed a systematic process that captures EUFs in the design processes. First, the research investigated PDs and clustered them under three dimensions, which are passive ventilation, passive lighting and passive heating (PLVT). Second, the investigation sought to understand the difference between users (Us) and end-users (EUs). This has resulted in creating classes of Us and EUs so that the extracted factors are mapped into these classes. Third, the research used ISO 13407 and ISO 9126 standards to develop a conceptual model. The first standard is used to organise the processes of UCD into coherent and dynamic steps. The second is used to systemise PD attributes (ATTs) and sub-attributes (S-ATTs) and map them into the processes that are developed in the previous stage, that is to say, according to ISO 13407. The output from this is the creation of a conceptual user centred passive building design model “UCPBD”. The model aims to assist designers to assess their design for the inclusion of EUFs. The model could be used for both PDs and non PDs. The research has considered 132 EUFs. A questionnaire was used to identify the most influential factors. The questionnaire was distributed among architects’ professionals. The results were analysed using several statistical methods. The analysis shows a disparity of the ranking of the degree of influence and usage among the surveyed groups. The most effective factors were 44 out of 132 EUFs. There was a statistical difference at the p<0.05 level significant for four factors out of 132 factors. These are BB1: Durable, high quality finishes, BG2: Utility PD cores uniformly designed and vertically stacked, DA8: Design passive space that responds to changes in spatial dimensions (volume) and EB2: Use high quality material with long service life to handle passive functions in terms of professional role. In terms of the architect experience only nine EUFs out of 132 EUFs were rejected. These are AA2: Orient the building for optimum lighting, ventilation and thermal comfort, AC11: Narrow floor width to optimise natural ventilation, AC12: Provide solar-oriented interior zone to store and maximise solar heat gain, AE9: Provide shading strategies for wall exposed to summer sun to mitigate unwanted solar gain for optimum ventilation and thermal comfort, BE3: The visual comfort of the lighting (e.g., glare, reflections, contrast), CA2: Consider the dimensions of passive spaces to suit human scale (avoiding undersize or oversize areas), DA10: Design passive layout based on future use scenarios, EB3: Consider the rate of expansion/contraction of material of PDs and FA7: Design for ease to adjust lighting, ventilation and thermal comfort physical element features. The post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test also indicated these differences between four EUFs in terms of professional role and nine EUFs in terms of experience but found no significant differences between 128 and 123 EUFs respectively. The results of the cluster analysis indicate that the most influential EUFs can be grouped into six clusters. These are: passive design functionality (PDF), passive design performance (PDP), passive design usability (PDU), passive design flexibility (PDFL), passive design reliability (PDR), and passive design maintainability (PDM). The clusters are grouped according to ISO standards. The result validity testing shows that selected clusters are characterised by strong relationships. Only the reliability of PDR cluster shows low conformity (.539, but it is still acceptable statistical limits. The clusters are used to develop an assessment tool to map EUFs into PD processes. The model is generic and can be used as a tool to evaluate PDS for the inclusion of EUFs. The model was validated on four projects, which are namely Houghton Street Project, Cherry Mill Project, Fitzroy Street Project and Tullis Russell Environmental Education (TREE) Centre, to demonstrate the use and capabilities of the proposed model. The results show Satisfactory, Significant, Significant and Highly Significant respectively. This study is a first attempt to organise EUFs by using conceptual models, statistical as well as decision support tools. Accordingly, this leads to extend the theory of PD by systemising and incorporating EUFs. Overall, this investigation builds knowledge by extending UCD theory to the PBD context and by proving a list of effective EU factors. The results from this research can demonstrate and advance our knowledge in the area of PBD by integrating EUFs into the design process in a systematic way. Then, this will certainly lead to the design of highly-performing and resilient buildings. A design paradigm will help architects to rethink the integration of EU needs during the design process and create a cultural shift in design practices. By using EU needs as a benchmark for design assessment, the potential for improving the indoor environment and EU well-being in buildings is enormous. Also, the implication of this work is that it may lead to the design of high performing buildings and increase the satisfaction of the Us and EUs.
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Kulonen, Ulla-Maija. "The passive in Ob-Ugrian /." Helsinki : Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39229214s.
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Yang, Gang. "Compact Photonic Integrated Passive Circuits." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26958.
Full textAbstract:
Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) based on silicon photonics have received great interest due to the low loss caused by the high-refractive-index contrast and the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatibility. The need for high-density, high-yield, low-cost, low-power consumption, and large-scale on-chip photonic integration requires the technologies to further minimize the size while exhibiting high performance. Moreover, the fast development and expansion of silicon photonics devices for different applications and functionalities require effective design approaches to optimize the device performance while reducing the design complexity.
In this thesis, several fundamental components for PICs are presented as the building blocks for advanced photonic circuits. To test the effectiveness of the design, Mach–Zehnder interferometers are simulated and fabricated on a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) platform, which shows a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results. Moreover, compact vertical grating couplers with broad optical bandwidth are studied. Experimental results show the compact size and the light coupling capabilities.
Multimode Interference (MMI) splitter acts as one critical component in PICs. However, the minimum requirement of mid-to-mid channel spacing to avoid crosstalk limits the MMI size to be further reduced and thus limits the component density in the photonic integration. To solve this problem, a compact SOI MMI power splitter based on optical strip barriers is presented to achieve high crosstalk reduction. Three different MMI power splitters are designed and simulated with an ultra-small device footprint, high uniformity, while maintaining a low insertion loss of 0.4dB.
Inverse design methods with different optimization algorithms are utilized to design compact and high-performance PIC components. Firstly, a sequential least-squares programming algorithm is introduced to inverse design a waveguide crossing. This gradient-based algorithm is suitable for simple structures with fewer parameters, or a good starting point can be obtained from experience or physical theories.
Secondly, a novel dynamic iterative batch optimization method is presented in the thesis to design a high-performance segmented mode expander. In the simulation, the optimized structure achieves a coupling efficiency of 81% for TE polarization at the wavelength of 1550nm. It also shows a simulated transmission loss of lower than -1.137dB within 60nm bandwidth. This approach paves the way for the rapid design of PIC components with a compact footprint. Additionally, a Direct Binary Search (DBS) algorithm is introduced for designing pixel-like structures with binary-value-represented topology patterns, where a 3dB beam splitter is used in the design. DBS algorithm can be utilized to generate a high-quality dataset used for deep learning acceleration methods.
To solve the time-efficiency and non-scalable issues of conventional inverse design methods, a neural network-based inverse design approach is presented and applied on the design of a wavelength demultiplexer structure. The method solves the data domain shift problem that existed in the conventional tandem network architecture and improves the prediction accuracy with a 99% validation accuracy. It also shows high stability and robustness to the quantity and quality of training data. The demonstrated wavelength demultiplexer has an ultra-compact footprint of 2.6×2.6μm2, a high transmission efficiency with a transmission loss of -2dB, and a low crosstalk around -7dB simultaneously.
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Niesner, Daniel. "Energy passive block of apartments." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226658.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the project si developnemt of project documentation for a construction realisation of energy passive block of apartments together with design of conception of forced ventilation with recuperation unit. The design of building is conceived as building with flat roof, reinforced concrete load-bearing structure and collective underground parking. During the design emphasis was placed on low energy consumption of the building. Its energy efficiency was analysed according. ČSN 73 0540 and processed statement of energy efficiency. The result energy consumption of the structure is A – extremely efficient.
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Amblàs, i. Novellas David. "Morfodinàmica sedimentària de marges continentals passius silicoclàstics / Sedimentary morphodynamics of siliciclastic passive continental margins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/110347.
Full textAbstract:
“El present és la clau del passat”. James Hutton (1788), amb aquesta prou coneguda asserció uniformista, posà els fonaments pel desenvolupament de la investigació geològica moderna des de la perspectiva actualista. L’estratigrafia es val d’aquest principi per interpretar l’origen de les formacions geològiques a partir de l’observació de processos i geometries actuals i subactuals. Alhora, la geomorfologia estudia els processos afaiçonadors del relleu per conèixer l’origen i l’evolució del paisatge actual. Conceptualment, aquesta Tesi se situa a cavall entre l’estratigrafia i la geomorfologia amb l’objectiu general de reconèixer el per què i el com de la variabilitat morfosedimentària dels marges continentals passius silicoclàstics a llarg termini. Per atènyer aquest objectiu adoptem la hipòtesi de partida següent: la variabilitat morfològica dels marges continentals silicoclàstics passius pot ésser classificada per categories de forma objectiva i sistemàtica. Les diferències morfològiques observades responen principalment a l’acció d’uns pocs processos sedimentaris claus.
Els mètodes i conceptes emprats en aquesta Tesi són propis de la hidrodinàmica i la sedimentologia. L’observació detallada de la morfologia i l’estratigrafia dels marges continentals, junt amb l’estudi dels processos hidrodinàmics que les han generades i l’anàlisi de la variabilitat espaciotemporal de les condicions ambientals en què s’han format, permet establir lleis de transport geomòrfic, altrament dites lleis de la morfodinàmica. En els successius capítols d’aquesta Tesi abordem aquests aspectes mitjançant l’anàlisi de dades geofísiques de reconeixement del fons i del subsòl marins, amb un especial èmfasi en les xarxes de drenatge del talús continental i la conca profunda. Els resultats d’aquesta anàlisi se sintetitzen en el plantejament d’un model morfodinàmic predictiu sobre la forma del perfil longitudinal dels canyons submarins. Aquest model dóna peu a discutir sobre transitorietat i equilibri en les formes de drenatge observades a les dades geofísiques considerades.
Així doncs, en aquest treball advoquem per la complementarietat i interdependència de les anàlisis observacionals i la modelització basada en la formulació teòrica de processos. Els principals resultats obtinguts en aquest treball demostren la possibilitat d’extreure informació sobre l’evolució de les conques sedimentàries a partir de l’estudi de les seves morfologies, tan modernes com relictes i fòssils, i indiquen la necessitat d’entendre els canyons submarins com a sistemes capaços d’evolucionar a partir de mecanismes netament deposicionals, a més dels mecanismes erosius ja prou coneguts. Aquests resultats es poden traduir en una millora de les prediccions estratigràfiques al talús continental, en un millor coneixement de la distribució de reservoris sedimentaris d’hidrocarburs o aigua en aquests ambients, i a replantejar els models establerts sobre el desenvolupament dels canyons submarins a escala global.
La Tesi està formada per un compendi de quatre articles publicats en revistes pertanyents al Journal Citation Report de l’Institute for Scientific Information (JCR-ISI), i l’hem estructurada en set capítols. El Capítol 1 consisteix en una introducció general destinada a centrar el lector en el marc conceptual, geogràfic i metodològic en què s’ha elaborat l’estudi. Els capítols 2 a 5 corresponen als quatre articles publicats. El capítol 6 correspon a la síntesi i discussió general dels principals resultats presentats als quatre capítols anteriors. Al capítol 7 hi incloem un sumari de les conclusions més rellevants conjuntament amb algunes perspectives de futur sorgides arran d’aquest treball. Finalment, a l'Annex, hi incloem un treball de síntesi bibliogràfica on descrivim les principals característiques fisiogràfiques dels fons marins mediterranis.Sedimentary morphodynamics of siliciclastic passive continental margins "The present is the key to the past". James Hutton (1788), with this well-known principle of uniformitarianism, established the basis of the modern geology by following the assumption of actualism. Stratigraphy makes use of this principle to interpret the origin of geological formations according to observations of modern and submodern processes and geometries. Geomorphology studies the processes that sculpt the Earth’s surface to understand the origin and evolution of present landscapes. The main objective of this Thesis, which is conceptually halfway between stratigraphy and geomorphology, is to understand the long-term morphosedimentary variability of siliciclastic passive continental margins. Our initial hypothesis is that the morphology differences among modern siliciclastic passive margins can be objectively and systematically categorized, and that these differences are mainly related to the action of a few key sedimentary processes. The methods and concepts we use in this study are based on hydrodynamics and sedimentology. The detailed observation of continental margin morphology and stratigraphy, the study of the hydrodynamic processes that control their evolution, and the analysis of changing environmental conditions through time and space facilitate the development of geomorphic transport laws (also known as morphodynamic flux laws) for predicting landscape forms and dynamics. In the following chapters we discuss these topics while analysing seafloor and subseafloor geophysical data, with a particular focus on submarine drainage networks. An important result of this analysis is a morphodynamic model that can explain the long-profile shape of submarine canyons. The model stimulates our discussion about the equilibrium and transience of drainage morphologies observed in the geophysical data set we present. In this work we advocate for the complementariness and interdependence of observational analyses and modeling of sedimentary processes. This Thesis demonstrates that much can be learned about the sedimentary evolution of submarine basins from the study of seascape morphologies, both modern and ancient, and that submarine canyons can evolve while remaining net depositional, beyond the broadened view of these features as purely erosive. These results can be translated to improved stratigraphic prediction in slope strata, a better knowledge of hydrocarbon and water resource distribution in these settings, and a broadened view of submarine canyon development.