Academic literature on the topic 'Passive urban buildings'
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Journal articles on the topic "Passive urban buildings"
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Tombazis, A. N., and S. A. Preuss. "Design of passive solar buildings in urban areas." Solar Energy 70, no. 3 (2001): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(00)00090-6.
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Hendinata, Laurentius Kevin, Nur Abdillah Siddiq, Ahmad Ilham Rokhul Fikri, Michael Alfano Suprapto, and Ribka Prilia. "Passive Window Energy Performance in Buildings: Modeling of Apartment Buildings in Indonesia." Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 2, no. 2 (August 19, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v2i2.6729.
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Along with urban growth in urban areas and energy consumption, which continues to increase every year, the selection of windows in the initial design is essential to obtain buildings that are not energy intensive. Selecting the correct window in the blueprint design reduces building energy consumption. Smart windows, especially thermochromic windows, are one of the most promising window technologies because they are the most economical and have passive control with zero energy input, which holds good promise for energy-saving applications. Apart from that, double-glazing windows are also frequently used in energy-saving applications. Therefore, a study compared the energy-saving potential of thermochromic and double-glazing windows to clear glass windows, using computer modeling through EnergyPlus, in high-rise apartment buildings in cities throughout Indonesia's diverse climates. From the modeling results, total energy consumption can be reduced by around 8.91% to 10.96% of total building energy consumption by replacing the conventional clear glass with double-glazing windows or more able to reduce about 20.22% to 24.19% by replacing the conventional clear glass with thermochromic windows. Furthermore, this potential varies depending on geometric shapes, materials, building facades, local climate, and building orientation. Nevertheless, considering the potential benefits, these windows are highly suitable for application in buildings seeking to reduce their energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.
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Suvorovs, Edgars. "URBAN DEVELOPMENT EFFECT ON PASSIVE HOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION / MIESTO PLĖTROS ĮTAKA PASYVAUS NAMO ENERGIJOS VARTOJIMUI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 3 (June 7, 2011): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.049.
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The paper describes one of the energy-efficient building concepts – a passive house. In the course of the work, a multifamily residential house was simulated in order to determine its constructive and spatial parameters that would ensure a passive house with energy efficiency in compliance with the fixed standards. The climatic data of the Latvian capital, Riga, were applied to this building simulation. Initially, an optimal orientation and maximum theoretical insulation of the building were chosen. At the second stage, the external factors – the shade caused by the surrounding buildings and effect of the building orientation dictated by the existing urban conditions – were studied based on the previously achieved energy efficiency rating. The results evidenced that the layout of window apertures and change of orientation, as well as shading caused by the surrounding buildings, plaid a significant role in the rating of the building energy efficiency nonetheless it did not interfere with achieving the passive house standards.
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Gao, Jian Ping, and Wei Chen. "Development and Advance in Adding-Storey Retrofit of Existing Buildings in China." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.621.
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Residential houses and civil buildings in China were mainly low-rise buildings before 1980s. With the rapid development of urban construction, urban land became more and more scarce. Thus in recent years, it becomes increasingly popular nationwide to add more stories to existing building for its particular techno-economy advantages. Adding-storey plays an important role in mitigating the pressure of demand for more building sites, improving the living condition，and accelerating the modernization progress of cities’ shabby zones. In this paper, a brief review was presented on the evolution, status-quo and trends of the adding-storey of existing buildings in China, and three new adding-storey methods using passive control technology were introduced, which can be used for peers' reference.
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Toong, Yong Seng, and Nangkula Utaberta. "Kuala Lumpur Chinatown Pre-War Shophouses (Adaptive Re-Use) and City Image." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.40.
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The terminology and concept of city image is very much related to good city planning and reflects strong image which, defined by Kelvin Andrew Lynch, a town-planner. He elaborates such terminology with regarding to people perception on urban space in term of city legibility and image-ability. Elizur who has classified city image as “rich” and “poor” in his study reminds of prototype and stereotype city place respectively. City image generally refers to the characteristic of a true urban image such as skylines, landmarks and panoramas. Architects, urban designers and town-planners play a crucial role in carrying out the task of shaping the city image. However, when discussion on city image which regards to economics point of view, city image could be interpreted as active use and passive use in accordance to a paper presented by some scholars. Active use means usage of the old buildings restoration and preservation which generates incomes to cover their building’s maintenance and expenses. Examples such as cafés, boutique hotels, art galleries. Conversely, passive use does not generate substantial income but contribute to and beneficial of the community. Examples such as community library, museums and other social activity buildings. Both active and passive use are portraying adaptive re-use of the old buildings. This paper unfolds the common ground which integrates adaptive re-use of pre-war shophouse buildings as architecture concept in Kuala Lumpur Chinatown (KLC) and contributing the city image under the term of conservation. The study is conducted with photographic records, on site study, observation (visual survey technique) and analysis.
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Kamoona, Ghada M. Ismael Abdul Razzaq. "Passive Design Strategies to Enhance Natural Ventilation in Buildings "Election of Passive Design Strategies to Achieve Natural Ventilation in Iraqi Urban Environment with Hot Arid Climate"." Journal of Engineering 22, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.06.13.
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The natural ventilation in buildings is one of effective strategies for achieving energy efficiency in buildings by employing methods and ways of passive design, as well as its efficiency in providing high ranges of thermal comfort for occupants in buildings and raises their productivity. Because the concept of natural ventilation for many people confined to achieve through the windows and openings only, become necessary to provide this research to demonstrate the various passive design strategies for natural ventilation. Then, research problem: Insufficient knowledge about the importance and mechanism of the application of passive design strategies for natural ventilation in buildings. The research objective is: Analysis of passive design strategies to achieve natural ventilation in buildings, for the purpose of the proper selection of them to Iraqi urban environment. Accordingly, the research included two parts: First, the theoretical part, which dealt with the conceptual framework of natural ventilation and deriving the most important aspects in it, in order to adopted as a base for the practical part of the research. Second: the practical part, which analyzed examples of buildings projects that employed various design strategies for natural ventilation, according to the theoretical framework that has been drawn. The main conclusion is, Necessity to adopt various passive design strategies for natural ventilation in Iraqi urban environment with hot dry climate, as they have a significant impact in reducing the energy consumption for the purposes of ventilation and cooling, as well as for its efficiency in improving air quality in indoor environments of buildings.
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Oforji, Peter I., Emeka J. Mba, and Francis O. Okeke. "The Effects of Rhythm on Building Openings and Fenestrations on Airflow Pattern in Tropical Low-Rise Residential Buildings." Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 2062–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-08-016.
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Effective passive airflow in low-rise residential buildings in hot-humid environment is crucial to maintaining good indoor thermal comfort for occupants. However, investigation of effects of the rhythm of window openings on achieving a passive airflow pattern in such buildings in the tropical climate of sub-Saharan Nigeria have been rarely studied. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of the rhythm of window openings on passive airflow patterns for indoor thermal comfort in low-rise residential buildings in the hot-humid environment of Obosi, Nigeria. It involved experimental research using the Anemometer TA465 instrument for measuring wind velocity, relative humidity, and temperature of the purposively designated buildings in the three layouts of the study area for both wet and dry seasons. Employing the Yamane statistical formula, a sample size of 433 was obtained, and questionnaires were administered to occupants of the studied buildings and analyzed using categorical Regression Analysis (CATREG). The regression analysis showed that p=0.000, i.e. p<0.05 indicating that there was a significant relationship between the type and sizes of windows (elements used in measuring rhythm) and the intensity or force of breeze (a measure of passive airflow pattern). Further analysis of the data involved the use of Autodesk CFD 2018 (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for building wind flow simulations. The result showed variations in temperature levels (indications of differences in indoor thermal comfort) of various indoor spaces of the investigated designated floors and buildings, especially ground floors and the top-most floors of the buildings. The study underscored the need to use architectural rhythm design strategies to create a positive impact on airflow patterns in low-rise buildings, especially in densely built-up urban areas. The results of this study are instructive in noting that in order to attain passive airflow in buildings in the face of challenge of land restrictions, vertical stacking of building floors could be used once an adequate rhythm of window openings is adopted. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-016 Full Text: PDF
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Karadag, Ilker, and Aysem Berrin Cakmakli. "Interface of the Natural Ventilation Systems with Building Management Systems." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 51, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.15700.
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The vertical city is increasingly being seen as the most viable solution for many urban centers. However, being vertical means constructing tall buildings which imply a large amount of energy requirement mostly due to the mechanical ventilation systems. Replacing these systems with natural ventilation is of importance on the way of achieving sustainable buildings and cities. However, there are many challenges in incorporating natural ventilation systems into tall office buildings. Because, having a far distance from the ground levels, tall buildings are exposed to turbulent and unstable wind conditions. Therefore, advanced technical systems to monitor/control a tall building is required even though natural ventilation is mostly considered a passive, low technological approach to condition a building. These systems utilize sensors to measure internal environmental conditions and external conditions of air temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and rain to utilize passive or active modes, based on the data received. To integrate such systems, in most cases, a hybrid approach is required to fill the gap between the natural and mechanical ventilation systems. Since, climate conditions may not be suitable for solely depending on natural ventilation throughout the year, using mechanical ventilation systems as a back-up to natural ventilation is mostly required. Based on this approach, this study presents advanced natural ventilation strategies of a number of buildings integrating Building Management Systems. Throughout the study, it is intended to guide further researches on natural ventilation and consequently to contribute to the environmental quality of urban areas and smart sustainable development of the cities.
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Soteriades, Elpidoforos S., Loukas Petrokokkinos, Michael A. Talias, Andreas Zissimos, Maria Kolovou, Constantinos Potiriadis, Vasiliki Kamenopoulou, and Evangelos Georgiou. "Environmental assessment of radon levels in Cyprus." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2015-0029.
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Purpose – Radon is responsible for approximately 50 per cent of public exposure to environmental radiation. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively assess indoor radon levels in Cyprus. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 500 passive radon detectors were used to estimate radon levels in the areas of Nicosia (capital), Paphos, Nisou and Famagusta. A total of 240 different public and private buildings were randomly selected in the above districts and two passive radon detectors were placed inside each building. The detectors were collected on average, three months following placement. Findings – The average radon level from all passive detectors was 53.7 and 49.2 Bq/m3 after excluding the seven highest values. The two highest measurements were observed in Paphos, Tsada-Kili elementary school (429 Bq/m3) and Emba, Paphos district (410 Bq/m3), respectively. Differences were also seen in public buildings compared to private buildings (p=0.058). In addition, rural buildings had higher radon levels compared to urban buildings (p=0.001). Predictive multilevel regression models for logarithmic radon levels were employed and differences were seen on point estimates regarding building- and district-level radon measurements. Most of the random variability observed was due to building-level variation. Practical implications – Residents from different geographic areas in Cyprus are reassured about the safety of indoor radon levels in public and private buildings. Originality/value – The estimation of indoor radon levels was done by the optical microscopy technique using a specific mathematical formula. Observed radon levels do not raise concern regarding residents’ radon exposure in Cyprus. Paphos district and Nisou area may require further investigation.
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Giostra, Simone, Gabriele Masera, and Rafaella Monteiro. "Solar Typologies: A Comparative Analysis of Urban Form and Solar Potential." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159023.
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Efficient use of energy in the construction sector is a pillar of the European Union’s 2050 climate protection goals, yet legislation makes no explicit reference to urban morphology or building form, which are recognized as key to energy performance in buildings. Rapidly changing energy standards and new requirements for on-site energy production demand a vigorous scrutiny of established urban typologies that are largely the product of an older energy regime. The research explores a set of 312 building shapes with floor-to-area ratio (FAR) of 3 within a given plot to identify emerging trends, ranges, and correlations between geometric variables, visual comfort, and energy indicators. Cases are grouped and evaluated in relation to three main urban typologies to highlight unique features related to each typology. The paper also compares two groups of results related to passive and active solar potential, respectively, to identify formal traits that are specific to each of these two design strategies. Finally, the research ranks design options based on total energy use taking into account the energy need for artificial lighting as well as contributions from both passive energy savings and active energy production. Results show that energy demand across cases varies by a factor 2 for passive strategies and a factor 5 when active potential is considered based on shape alone. Best results are clearly positioned at the two extremes of the geometric and proportional range. On the one hand, low-rise compact bar and courtyard buildings that are perhaps most prevalent in our cities today may be effectively retrofitted to meet active energy targets. On the other hand, extremely tall and slim towers appear to be the only typology in the study with the potential to achieve zero-energy status by virtue of their form alone. The work sheds light on the formal implications of EU energy mandates and offers a glimpse of how buildings may adapt to the combined selective pressures of high on-site energy fraction and low energy use to shape our future cities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Passive urban buildings"
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Berner, Wik Petter. "Perspectives of a climate-neutral urban district : Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions, exergy and energy balances." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33382.
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A climate-neutral city can be viewed at in many different aspects. This report investigates the greenhouse gas, exergy and energy balance for both heat pumps and district heat supply at local, national and methane gas perspectives of the energy conversion processes. Through a numerical grey box model of a geographical information system based urban district. There seven different passive-, nearly zero-, and plus-energy residential buildings are implemented. That are developed and annually simulated in the IDA ICE software. There, thermal transmittance and building geometry are the most urgent parameters that impacts the space heating demand and energy performance. They are estimated by current and proposed primary energy weight factors where the geometry shape is undefined, while the altitude impact’s the building's energy, exergy, and greenhouse gas balance. Therefore high-rise building's energy performance are poorer than low-rise buildings, simultaneously as heat pump supply enables higher altitude than district heating. Other energy savings occur through additional energy-efficient technologies, energy generating technologies and soft tools that change residents’ behavior. The investigated urban district is placed in the Swedish city Gävle, which meets residents’ demand for approximately 6000 apartments without additional service. It is a plus energy district for heat pump supply and passive energy for district heating supply. Although the district heated urban district electricity-saving towards heat pump corresponds to 32 percent of the urban district's total facility and household electricity utilization. The energy analysis include the perspective of the facility’s energy utilization and generation, and the perspectives of residents’ energy utilization and recovery from their waste resource production. This makes the urban district exergy productive and carbon-negative during the operating phase, regardless of emission value and heat supply technology, since the facility perspective compensates for the residents’ electricity utilization and consumption of goods. Therefore, there are no need for tree plantation as compensation of greenhouse gas pollution since the carbon negativity corresponds to between 2 to 154 hectares of forest. The study is therefore relevant for other geographical locations in Sweden depending on geographical location, heat supply technology and emission value from the primary energy conversion processes.Förstudie i future heat projekt angående Framtidens klimatsmarta stad genom klimatneutral bebyggelse med fjärrvärme.
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Toesca, Adrien. "Evaluer les performances des bâtiments urbains passifs face aux canicules à venir." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10054.
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Dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique, les événements climatiques extrêmes tels que les canicules seront plus longs, plus fréquents et plus intenses. Ces canicules sont amplifiées en ville par le phénomène d'îlot de chaleur urbain et risquent d’impacter une majorité de la population mondiale puisque plus de la moitié des humains sur Terre vivent dans des zones urbaines, avec une augmentation au cours des dernières décennies. Par ailleurs, en Europe les bâtiments résidentiels sont actuellement très peu équipés de systèmes de climatisation et les avantages sociaux d'une augmentation du taux de pénétration des systèmes de climatisation sont discutables. Une majorité d’humain risque donc d’être vulnérable face aux canicules à venir. Ce constat révèle la nécessité de répondre à la problématique suivante : comment évaluer les performances des bâtiments résidentiels urbains passifs pendant les canicules attendues durant les décennies à venir ? Cette thèse a consisté à définir les différents éléments d’un protocole d’évaluation permettant de répondre à cette problématique. Tout d’abord des outils de simulations pertinents ont été définis. Ces outils ont été confrontés avec des mesures in-situ réalisées à Lyon pendant l’été 2020. La confrontation révèle que les outils modélisent avec précision les ambiances thermiques intérieures des bâtiments résidentiels urbains passifs. Ensuite une méthodologie a été développée pour constituer des jeux de données météorologiques de canicules, qui soient représentatifs de la diversité des canicules que pourraient subir les bâtiments durant les décennies à venir. Des travaux de recensement bibliographiques ont été menés afin d’identifier des indicateurs pertinents pour évaluer la sensation de chaleur dans les ambiances intérieures des bâtiments. Pour finir, le protocole d’évaluation a été testé pour 4 cas d’étude situés dans la ville de Lyon. Les résultats montrent que les performances des bâtiments sont variées vis-à-vis de la diversité des canicules à venir. Certaines canicules sont problématiques puisqu’elles entraînent des sensations thermiques extrêmes à l’intérieur des bâtiments. Pour d’autres canicules, les bâtiments testés sont toujours capables d’offrir des ambiances intérieures sainesIn the context of global warming, extreme weather events such as heatwaves will be longer, more frequent and more intense. These heatwaves are amplified in cities by the urban heat island phenomenon and are likely to affect a majority of the world's population since more than half of the world's people live in urban areas, with an increase in recent decades. Furthermore, residential buildings in Europe are currently very poorly equipped with air conditioning systems and the social benefits of increasing the penetration rate of air conditioning systems are questionable. A majority of people are therefore likely to be vulnerable to future heat waves. This observation reveals the need to address the following problem: how to assess the performance of passive urban residential buildings during the heatwaves expected in the coming decades? This thesis consisted in defining the different elements of an evaluation protocol to answer this problem. First of all, relevant simulation tools were defined. These tools were compared with in-situ measurements carried out in Lyon during the summer of 2020. The comparison reveals that the tools accurately model the indoor thermal environments of passive urban residential buildings. A methodology was then developed to create heatwave meteorological data sets that are representative of the diversity of heatwaves that buildings could experience in the coming decades. Bibliographic research was carried out to identify relevant indicators for assessing the sensation of heat in the indoor environment of buildings. Finally, the evaluation protocol was tested for 4 case studies located in the city of Lyon. The results show that building performances are varied with respect to the diversity of future heatwaves. Some heatwaves are problematic as they lead to extreme thermal sensations inside the buildings. For other heatwaves, the buildings tested are still able to provide healthy indoor environments
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Hao, L. "Passive design and the analysis of environmentally sustainable commercial office building in urban China." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603673.
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Office building development in urban China has grown very rapidly in recent years, and this trend will continue in the future against the background of fast national economic growth. However, knowledge about China’s urban office buildings is very limited to date; especially characteristics of the environmental sustainability performance of this sector, such as energy use pattern, context-specific technical strategies and effective policies to improve its performance. It is evident that China has not yet achieved substantial results in its efforts to improve environmental sustainability in urban office buildings. Will urban office building construction lock in negative environmental impacts for the future? This dissertation presents a holistic approach to methods for the assessment of core environmental sustainability issues within the scope of office building in urban China, mainly from the perspective of building life cycle primary energy consumption and C02 emissions. It explores a series of prescribed measures and scenarios to assess cost-effective reduction of the office building sector’s environmental impacts, based on an integrated Excel spreadsheet-based method. The overall conclusions are: 1. The simplified technique for life cycle assessment of environmental sustainability can be effectively adopted at the early design stage as a practical tool to help designers understand the life cycle performance of various current office construction choices in this important sector. 2. For typical “wasteful” cases, a reduction of nearly 40% of the life cycle primary energy reduction (LCPE) can be achieved with less than three years of discounted payback periods through the combination of the selected cost-effective measures. 3. Based on the study of the maximum value of technical reduction between the average value of a wasteful case and the improved case adopting an overall improvement package in each office type, estimation shows that around 11.3 million MJ of annualised LCPE is locked in current existing office buildings, which takes nearly half of the total annualised LCPE in the sector and around 10% of the total primary energy use in the commercial building sector.
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BIT, Edoardo. "La vegetazione per le chiusure verticali. Il percorso evolutivo del verde parietale quale elemento di rinaturalizzazione urbana e dispositivo tecnologico passivo per il controllo del microclima ambientale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389225.
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Topic of green walls is important for contemporary architectonical experimentation
and R&D: it express an expansion of designer’s possibilities. The use of vegetation
like a functional element in the project is may be found for a long time, but only
recently, thanks to the attention for environmental conditions and the consequent
cultural moving towards a sustainability development, the architectonical use of
plants like collaborative components is increasing.
This research shoots for a detailed analysis, with the aim to understand the
features of these particular typologies (green façades, living walls, etc.), which ask
a collaboration between technological components and living system represented
by plants. Technical and functional development characterizing these envelope
systems were the target of all methodological research’s choices, with the aim to
draw up some planning instruments for the architect.
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Podes, Christopher. "AC/DC: Let There Be Hybrid Cooling." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3434.
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In today’s increasingly energy conscious society, the methods of providing thermal comfort to humans are constantly under scrutiny. Depending on the climate, and the comfort requirements of the occupants, buildings can be designed to heat and cool occupants with passive methods, as well as mechanical methods. In the subtropics, where buildings often need to be heated in the winter and cooled in the summer, a synthesis of these two methods would be ideal. However, there is a disconnect between the integration of passive cooling and mechanical air conditioning, in subtropical architecture.
A study of user attitudes, based out of Australia, found that, “Central control of temperatures has been used to cut demand by preventing users from altering thermostats and other parts of the building for microclimate control. In particular, windows are sealed to prevent tampering.”1 Reliance on air conditioning has the everyday person convinced that if we save energy in the right places, we can use air conditioning as much as we like. The same study goes on to state, “Air-conditioning has been assumed to replace the need for climate design features in buildings creating poor thermal design and high energy use.”2 This can be most clearly seen in our public buildings. Fully conditioned buildings pump cool air into sealed envelopes, adjusting the thermostat to regulate thermal comfort year-round, often in a climate in which mechanical air conditioning is needed only four months of the year, and during the warmest hours of the day. Inversely, ventilated buildings provide passive cooling in a climate in which the temperature and humidity are often too high for thermal comfort during the same four months of the year.
In his book Natural Ventilation in Buildings, Francis Allard points out that the global energy efficiency movement, begun in the early 1990s, has now emerged as a concept that incorporates active air conditioning and sitespecific climate design of buildings into one holistic approach.3 However, these buildings exist in more dry and temperate climates, and do not fully apply to the subtropics as cooling models. A model is needed for subtropical architecture allowing a building to reach both ends of the spectrum; from natural ventilation, through mechanical ventilation, to mechanical air conditioning. The goal of this thesis is to design a hybrid model for subtropical architecture which maximizes the use of natural and mechanical ventilation, and minimizes the use of mechanical air conditioning. The vehicle for this explanation is the design of an educational facility.
Research of thermal comfort needs for occupants in the subtropics was accompanied with observation studies. This research was compared with case study, site and program analysis. The analysis was supplemented by a handbook of passive and mechanical cooling which was compiled to aid in establishing cooling strategies for the design process. The implementation of the research and analysis was brought to a conclusion that successfully achieved the goals of this thesis. By using passive methods to lower the temperature of the air surrounding the classroom buildings, the incoming air used to cool the occupants reached temperatures low enough to be considered comfortable inside the classrooms.
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Jakubíková, Barbora. "Místo ve středu města? Brno – Lokalita Údolní – Gorkého." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216079.
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The designed area of residential buildings responds to the surrounding buildings, the development of existing block and defines the frontage streets of Gorkého and Údolní street. The ends of the lines extend to the building of a hospital and between them is the private garden for the residents. Recessed floor apartment buildings react to remote vista through Čápkova street to the Orthodox durch of sv. Václav from the 30s of the 20th century. The proposed passage in the extension of Čápkova street, bordered on one side with three-story apartment buildings, allowing access to Špilberk, which is an alternative to the uncomfortable route along the busy Úvoz stree. The new use of the historic building should be private fertility clinic and center for assisted reproduction, which follows the 130 years of unbroken tradition, and the object corresponds to the developing trend of contemporary luxury parenthood.
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Kyselá, Jana. "Dům krátké cesty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354949.
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The locality is situated in the city quarter Brno-Židenice in close proximity of the railway line connecting Brno and Česká Třebová. The area is delimited by the Bubeníčkova Street from the South, the Koperníkova Street from the East, by Lazaretní Street from the North and by a road copying the railway line from the West. The elemental form of the projected compound is divided into three blocks by pass-through axes. The blocks are interconnected with a common basement where underground car park is located. The blocks have up to six floors above ground. On the first floor, there is a variety of commercial spaces for shops and restaurants and in the middle there is a supermarket. In the northern object, there are situated different types of amenities (kinder-garden, leisure activities for children, spa) on the second and higher floors. On the top floor of this object we can find the flats as well as in the middle building from the second floor. The commercial areas, offices and library are situated in the southern block.
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.
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Valladares-Rendón, Lissette Gioconda, and 方亞妲. "Optimisation of passive strategies for sustainable urban plans and building designs to decrease urban heat island and increase building’s energy-efficiency." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/czzf75.
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博士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
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Urban patterns without highly designed buildings increase urban heat and energy demands. Solar control techniques encompass strategies that – if properly designed and applied – can decrease solar radiation and cooling demands. This research aims to establish and recommend the most effective and balanced passive solutions to mitigate the effects of the urban heat island and enhance buildings’ energy efficiency. A highly designed building will contribute to a decrease in outdoor temperatures, as well as sunlight hours, insolation and indoor cooling demands, which could increase the shading range and the energy savings. Three main classes of microclimate control are reviewed – urban landscape layout, street canyon layout and sky view factor. A base case scenario and seven with overhang device systems are simulated. Four main classes of solar control are examined – façade self-shading, shading devices, window-to-wall-ratio and building orientation. The results show that within the microclimate control, the shaded grass case under urban landscape layout class effectively lowers surface and air temperatures by as much as 52.51% and 50%, respectively. The case under shading device class demonstrates that a traditional overhang device decreases the urban site’s sunlight hours by up to 66%. On the other hand, the combined overhang device systems have the highest capacity for blocking total solar radiation during peak hours, thus decreasing the insolation ratings in the buildings’ outdoor by up to 76.8% and gaining shading on the envelope of up to 21.5%, resulting in potential energy savings of up to 8.92%. Within solar control, the passive cases show that the most effective and balanced solutions in terms of insolation, daylighting and visibility are complex designs of façade self-shadings and shading devices, which achieve potential energy savings of up to 66%. The strategic placement and accurate design of passive strategies can further improve the outdoor and indoor performance. Optimal building orientation is essential for determining most favourable façades for the strategic placement of both complex and simple designs, as well as building shapes. Azimuth angles are calculated for 59 locations to provide a worldwide guide. The findings indicate that 58.62% of the locations should apply complex designs to the east, 24.13% to the northeast, 12.06% to the west and 5.17% to the southeast orientations for solar protection. In tropical and subtropical zones, complex designs can be integrated with renewable technologies.
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Ma, Billy. "Net Positive Water." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7615.
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‘Net Positive Water’ explores the capability of domestic architecture to combat the developing urban water problem. Urban intensification is contributing to the volatility of urban waters and the breakdown of the urban water cycle. Inhabitant water misuse and overconsumption is overwhelming aging municipal utilities, resulting in the decay of urban water quality.
LEEDTM and The Living Building Challenge are recognized Green Building Guidelines prescribing sustainable site and building water standards. Case Studies of domestic Green Building projects will showcase water conservation to enable domestic water renewal. Net Zero Water Guidelines based on the Green Building Guidelines outline
Potable and Non-Potable water use to achieve a sustainable volume of water demand at 70 litres per capita per day. Sustainable water practices are encouraged by utilizing domestic building systems to increase water
value and water awareness. Time-of-Use and Choice-of-Use exposure for household water related tasks establish water savings through the use of best-performing water fixtures and appliances.
Net Positive Water Guidelines will establish On-site and Building standards for sustainable harvesting and storage of water resources. Clean and Dirty water management will prescribe Passive design and Active mechanical processes to maintain best-available water quality in the urban domestic environment. Net Positive Water building typology will integrate urban inhabitation as a functional component of the urban water cycle to use, reuse, and renew water resources. The method will be
tested using a Mid-rise Pilot project to deploy the necessary Passive and Active mechanisms to generate Net Positive Water quality through Net Zero Water sustainable water use. The pilot project is situated in
Waterfront Toronto - The Lower Don Lands development to harness regional interests for water renewal and environmental revitalization.
Books on the topic "Passive urban buildings"
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Treberspurg, Martin. Solar city, Linz Pichling, nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung =: Sustainable urban development. Vienna, Austria: New York, 2008.
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(Editor), Martin Treberspurg, Stadt Linz (Editor), and Beverly Blaschke (Translator), eds. solarCity Linz-Pichling: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung / Sustainable Urban Development. Springer, 2008.
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Emmerson, Allison L. C. Life and Death in the Roman Suburb. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852759.001.0001.
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A Roman city was a bounded space. Defined by borders both physical and conceptual, the city stood apart as a concentration of life and activity that was divided from its rural surroundings not only physically, but also legally, economically, and ritually. Death was a key area of control, and tombs were relegated outside city walls from the Republican period through Late Antiquity. Given this separation, an unexpected phenomenon marked the Augustan and early Imperial periods: Roman cities developed suburbs, built-up areas beyond their boundaries, where the living and the dead came together in environments that could become densely urban. Life and Death in the Roman Suburb examines these districts, drawing on the archaeological remains of cities across Italy to understand their character and to illuminate the factors that led to their rise and decline, with a particular focus on the tombs of the dead. Work on Roman cities still tends to pass over funerary material, while research on death has concentrated on issues seen as separate from urbanism. This book aims to reconnect those threads, considering tombs within their suburban landscapes of shops, houses, workshops, garbage dumps, extramural sanctuaries, and major entertainment buildings to trace the many roles they played within living cities. It argues that tombs were not passive memorials, but active spaces that both facilitated and furthered the social and economic life of the city, where relationships between the living and the dead were an enduring aspect of urban life.
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Tatum, Charles M. Lowriders in Chicano Culture. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400680922.
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This informed and accessible book captures the art, energy, passion, and pageantry of over 60 years of lowrider culture—an absolutely iconic Chicano and American phenomenon. Much like rap music and ethnic foods, Chicano lowrider culture has become sufficiently widespread in recent decades to almost be considered "mainstream." However, those outside of lowriding may not realize that this cultural phenomenon is not the result of a recent fad—it originated in the pre–World War II era, and has continued to grow and evolve since then. Lowriders in Chicano Culture: From Low to Slow to Show allows readers to see how this expressive culture fits within the broader context of Chicano culture and understand how lowriding reflects the social, artistic, and political dimensions of America's fastest-growing ethnic group. It includes chapters that explain the culture of pachucas/os and cholas/os; the unique aesthetics of lowrider vehicles; lowrider music, shows, and clubs; the mechanics of building a lowrider vehicle; and lowrider culture in the media including film, newspapers, and television. The book also traces how lowrider culture has recently expanded beyond the urban streets and into the massive exhibit halls of lowrider shows, exposing lowrider culture to even more enthusiasts.
Book chapters on the topic "Passive urban buildings"
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Sala, M., and L. Ceccherini Nelli. "Passive Components in Residential Buildings." In Architecture and Urban Space, 405–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_60.
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Fabiani, Claudia, and Anna Laura Pisello. "Cool Materials for Passive Cooling in Buildings." In Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies, 505–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65421-4_24.
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Procos, Dimitri. "Passive Solar for Small Compact Buildings: A New Design Paradigm." In Architecture and Urban Space, 239–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_34.
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van Dongen, J., A. W. Tryssenaar, and B. A. W. Welschen. "PASCAUD Passive Solar in Computer Aided Urban Design." In Solar Energy Applications to Buildings and Solar Radiation Data, 72–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2961-6_7.
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Monge-Barrio, Aurora, and Ana Sánchez-Ostiz Gutiérrez. "The Scope of Retrofitting on an Urban Scale. Use of Geographic Information Systems, GIS, for Diagnosis of Energy Efficient Interventions at an Urban Level." In Passive Energy Strategies for Mediterranean Residential Buildings, 127–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69883-0_6.
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Molina, J. L., J. Guerra, and R. Velázquez. "Passive Cooling Techniques in Industrial Buildings: A Simulation and Evaluation Study." In Architecture and Urban Space, 761–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_114.
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Sommese, Francesco, and Gigliola Ausiello. "From Nature to Architecture for Low Tech Solutions: Biomimetic Principles for Climate-Adaptive Building Envelope." In The Urban Book Series, 429–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_39.
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AbstractBuilding envelopes represent the interface between indoor and outdoor environmental factors. In recent years, attention to climate adaptive building envelopes has increased. However, some types of adaptive envelopes don’t always offer low-tech solutions, but require energy for their activation and high operating and maintenance costs. Nature has always proposed a large database of adaptation strategies that are often complex, multi-functional, and responsive. Transferring the functional principles of natural organisms and their associated adaptive modalities to technologies is the challenge of the biomimetic discipline (from Greek bios, life, and mimesis, imitation) applied to the field of architecture. In this article, various examples of biomimetic architecture that illustrate the relationships between biology, architecture, and technology, were considered. Various analyses of the operating principles of natural organisms are carried out, particularly with regard to self-adapting materials, in order to transfer them to the building envelope, and to propose technological solutions capable of passively adapting to external climatic conditions. Among all natural organisms, plants are prefereble to animals because, like buildings, they remain stationary in a specific location. Despite this, plants have developed different adaptation mechanisms to survive in certain environments. Buildings with biomimetic adaptive envelopes, characterized by passive and low-tech solutions inspired by plants, help limit energy consumption, and improve not only the indoor microclimate but also the outdoor environment. In line with the ecological transition, this work highlights the importance of biomimetic as a strategy to orient the new paradigms of built space design towards innovative and sustainable models of low-tech solutions.
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Dupagne, A. "CAM.UR : A Computer Aided Management System for Urban Passive Renewal." In Solar Energy Applications to Buildings and Solar Radiation Data, 58–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2961-6_6.
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Ciardiello, Adriana, Jacopo Dell’Olmo, Federica Rosso, Lorenzo Mario Pastore, Marco Ferrero, and Ferdinando Salata. "An Innovative Multi-objective Optimization Digital Workflow for Social Housing Deep Energy Renovation Design Process." In The Urban Book Series, 111–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_11.
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AbstractNowadays, the energy retrofit of the building sector is identified as a major instrument toward a climate-neutral Europe by 2050. In accordance with the European Renovation Wave program, deep energy renovations are needed, starting from public and less efficient buildings. Furthermore, the renovation of the social housing building stock is also an important response to energy poverty, as it could contribute safeguarding health and well-being of vulnerable citizens. In particular, buildings from the 1960–1980, which constitute a large portion of cities, often have high energy demand and low indoor comfort because most of them have been built before energy-efficiency regulations. In this context, the paper aims to propose a multi-objective approach toward energy renovation of the social housing building stock, by means of an innovative digital workflow. The objective functions are minimizing energy consumption, CO2 emissions, investment, and operational costs. Toward these contrasting objectives, numerous passive strategies are taken into account, which are compatible with the considered architecture. The optimal solutions are found by means of a genetic algorithm coupled with energy performance simulation software. The methodology is applied and verified on a significant and relevant case study, pertaining to the social housing building stock of Rome, Italy (Mediterranean climate). The outputs of the workflow are a set of optimal solutions among which to choose the fittest one depending on the need of the different stakeholders. The proposed multi-objective approach allows reducing the energy consumption for heating by 31% and for cooling by 17% and the CO2 emissions up to 27.4%. The proposed methodology supports designers and policymakers toward an effective building stock renovation, which can answer the urgent energy and environmental targets for the coming decades.
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Di Bitonto, Maria Giovanna, Alara Kutlu, and Alessandra Zanelli. "Fog Water Harvesting Through Smart Façade for a Climate Resilient Built Environment." In The Urban Book Series, 725–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_65.
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AbstractWater emergency is one of the terrible effects of climate change; it is defined as the Blue gold of twenty-first century. In this scenario, fog stands as a potential alternative water resource. Many territories are affected by fog phenomenon; here fog collectors have been developed to extract water from humid mass of air. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of this technology in building sector. The Large Fog Collector is the device commonly used for these projects; it is a textile structure, composed of a mesh, two poles and cables. The exploitation of conventional water resources implies a massive distribution system with significant energy consumption and costs. Otherwise, fog harvesting is a passive system; it relieves the stress upon freshwater resources. Nowadays, fog collectors are low tech devices, and fog harvesting projects are commonly developed in arid areas for agricultural and reforestation purposes. Nevertheless, taking advantage of the vertical development of the device, this textile structure shall be integrated in façade, to promote resilient constructions and make buildings water self-sufficient. The paper explores the design criteria for the development of a novel concept of smart water collecting façade. It can promote also shading effect, reducing the use of cooling system, energy demand, so lowering the ecological footprint. Depending on fog Liquid Water Content, the collected water can be used for the irrigation of green roofs, gardens or in an optimal scenario also for domestic use. The analysis of local weather data is crucial to extend the territories where this system can be applied; but, more important, the improvement of the device’s technology is essential to implement it in new application fields.
Conference papers on the topic "Passive urban buildings"
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Maretto, Marco, Barbara Gherri, Greta Pitanti, and Francesco Scattino. "Urban Morphology and Sustainability: towards a shared design methodology." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5695.
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The information revolution is radically transforming the very foundation of the ‘fossil city’. A ‘virtual’ macro-urbanism will intersect with an ‘actual’ micro-urbanism, physical and concrete, determining the form of the new urban environment. Within the binomial of macro- and micro- urbanism, urban morphology identifies an interesting socio-building scale that can serve as the basic strategy for sustainable city planning in the twenty-first century. Morphology thus becomes the necessary ‘plug-in’ for registering the different ‘networks’ that characterize the contemporary city – from IT and ‘smart’ devices to energy and environmental systems - translating these networks into building practices, into ‘fabrics’, for the physical city. At this purpose an Urban Design methodology has been developed in order to combine the Urban Morphology tools with those of Sustainability giving particular attention to the topics of the comfort outdoor and the passive environmental control systems. The methodology has then been applied in the Sant Adrià De Besos Waterfront Regeneration Project in Barcelona. Neighbourhood’s size, complexity and localisation, between the sea and a large area of brown fields at the northern gateway of the Catalan capital, has set up an interesting testing bench. A sequence of consecutive steps characterizes the methodology in which morphology, architecture and sustainability intersect one another within a single design process. References Gherri B. (2015) Assessment of Daylight Performance in Buildings: Methods and Design Strategies, (WIT Press, Boston). Gherri, B. (2016) ‘Environmental Analysis Towards Low Carbon Urban Retrofitting For Public Spaces’, Proceedings of HERITAGE 2016 – 5th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development,Vol. 1, p. 499-508. Marat-Mendes, T. (2013) ‘Sustainability and the study of urban form’, Urban Morphology 17, 123-4. Maretto, M. (2014) ‘Sustainable Urbanism: the role of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 18(2), 163-74. Maretto, M. (2013) Ecocities. Il progetto urbano tra morfologia e sostenibilità (Franco Angeli, Roma).
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Frómeta, Yokasta García, Jesús Cuadrado, Jesús María Blanco, Víctor González, and Maggi Madrid. "Modeling and Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of Passive Techniques for Residential Apartment Buildings in Tropical Climate: Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic." In International Conference on Structural Engineering and Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l85qy9.
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The vertical growth of cities is a general phenomenon in many countries, aiming to address a more efficient use of space, due to the high cost of the urban area. In the Dominican Republic, approximately 11% of households are apartment buildings, being the second predominant group of residential buildings. According to the National Statistics Office (ONE), the construction of this type of residential buildings is growing significantly, especially in the biggest city of the country. This research has analyzed the interior thermal behavior of these types of households using DesignBuilder®, an energy and environmental simulation software, searching for passive alternatives to allow the reduction of interior temperatures, as a result of overheating because of the tropical climate conditions. The most common type of four levels buildings have been analyzed in this study, through the evaluation of different parameters, such as the optimal orientation, the effect of using sunshades in the windows, and the modification of the building envelope. The objective of the study if to identifying the best alternatives to achieve the thermal comfort of the building, without the use of active control climate techniques such as air conditioning.
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Israelsson, Karin, Vartan Ahrens Kayayan, Fatemeh Johari, Mattias Gustafsson, and Magnus Åberg. "Building heat demand characteristics in a planned city district with low-temperature district heating supply." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200001.
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Due to desirable emission reductions and population growth, increasing energy demand is identified as a dire issue for energy systems. The introduction of low-energy building districts enables increased energy system efficiency. This study’s aim is twofold. Firstly, an extensive urban building energy model is used to simulate the hourly use and geographic distribution of the heat demand for residential and commercial buildings that are to be supplied by a low-temperature district heating system. The simulated buildings are a part of a planned city district, located in Gävle, Sweden. Two building energy performance cases are studied; one where all buildings are assumed to be of Passive House standard, and one where the building energy performance is in line with conventional new-building regulations in Sweden. Secondly, one specific building is modeled in detail and simulated in the building energy simulation software IDA ICE to investigate what building heating system is best suited for low-temperature heat supply. The temperature demands of floor heating and ventilation with heat recovery are investigated and compared to conventional water-based radiators. The building’s temperature demand results can be used when designing a lowtempered district heating system which will provide the supply temperature to identify a compatible heating system technique. Varying supply temperature demand will enable optimization for choosing building heating systems and consequently, possible cost reductions. The results could be used as an example for future city district planning as well as presenting relevant heating systems for low-temperature district heating.
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Watanabe, Kota, Nanako Miura, and Akira Sone. "Development of Active Vibration Damping Device Adjusting TMD to Various Periodic Bands of Seismic Waves." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93780.
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Abstract There are many high-rise buildings all over the world, especially urban areas. Their usage is diverse, such as offices and residences. Therefore, earthquake countermeasures for high-rise buildings are indispensable. It is known that a tuned mass damper (TMD), which is mainly installed for countermeasures against wind shaking, does not show sufficient damping effect when large earthquake occurs or when higher modes vibration is excited. In addition, when exceeding the drive limit of the TMD in resonance, the TMD may collide against the stopper and deteriorate the response of the building. There are some researches targeting building with TMD, and many of them aim at developing new devices. However, installing a new equipment instead of TMD requires a lot of cost and construction period. Therefore, in this research, an active device that can be attached to TMD is developed. Moreover, validity is examined by numerical simulation. In this paper, parameters of the passive elements are verified as a basic research of the proposed device.
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Diz-Mellado, Eduardo, Victoria Patricia López-Cabeza, Carmen Galán-Marín, and Carlos Rivera-Gómez. "Comparative evaluation of passive conditioning strategies for the improvement of courtyard thermal performance." In 3rd Valencia International Biennial of Research in Architecture, VIBRArch. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vibrarch2022.2022.15112.
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The alarming increase in global average temperatures and the adaptive capacity of humans in relation to air quality and temperature are becoming increasingly relevant. Scientific resources have focused on the thermal adaptation of building users, but little research has been done on thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor spaces in the city. This study focuses on the analysis and comparison of different passive strategies implemented in courtyards. The present investigation quantifies the comfort improvement brought by shading and misting elements in courtyards. For this purpose, a set of intrinsic and extrinsic variables that intervene in the thermodynamic behavior of the courtyard will be taken into account. The relevance of the study lies not only in the need to design energy-efficient buildings with adequate thermal comfort patterns but also in more resilient urban environments in the current climate change scenario. The main objective of the research is to quantify the implementation of other passive strategies and the results of different combinations of these. The results identified a thermal delta in the courtyard of up to 10°C cooler than the outdoor temperature, which varies depending on the different strategies implemented and the time of day.
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EL HARROUNI, Khalid. "Traditional Earth Architecture as a Tool for Sustainability and Adaptation to Climate Change of Heat and Cold Extremes." In Mediterranean Architectural Heritage. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-23.
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Abstract. The design of sustainable architectural and urban spaces should be one of the essential pillars of any strategy for sustainable development and adaptation to climate change, particularly for the population living in rural areas who suffer from cold during winter and heat during the summer. This paper focuses on the traditional earth-based materials buildings and tries to see to what extent the building envelope could be improved to achieve and further confirm the objectives: improving thermal comfort and reducing heat loss through the traditional envelope (walls, roof, glazing, low floor). The paper is based on bioclimatic architecture principles and adopts passive energy efficiency in two different climatic contexts, hot and cold. The analysis of the approach method includes three issues: 1) the bioclimatic analysis of the environment/site including the building ambiance; 2) thermal comfort; and 3) thermal performance. The methodological tools are based on the bioclimatic analysis of the site and the ambiance for the first two issues; and the prescriptive approach of Moroccan thermal regulation for the third issue. The built environment constructed with traditional materials, once improved, is able to prove that it is respectful of the environment and without any risk to the user's health. In addition, this traditional architecture confirms the objectives of sustainable development.
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Looman, R. H. J., and M. M. E. van Esch. "Passive solar design: where urban and building design meet." In DESIGN AND NATURE 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dn100121.
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Citraningrum, Andika, and Daning Herawati. "Lesson from Vernacular Tobacco Barn: A Passive Design Strategy for Energy-Independent Building." In International International Conference of Heritage & Culture in Integrated Rural-Urban Context (HUNIAN 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200729.013.
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Gjengedal, Sondre. "The potential for geothermal energy exploitation in Norwegian tunnels." In The IV Nordic Symposium on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. Jarðtæknifélag Íslands og Jarðgangafélag Íslands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/nrock2023.3.
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Renewable thermal energy is a highly sought-after resource in many parts of the world, as a measure to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and electric power as energy sources for space heating of buildings. Shallow geothermal energy is one of the preferred environmentally friendly thermal energy resources in Norway, where heat stored underground is utilized in conventional heat pump systems via 200-300 m deep boreholes. However, the underground space in our urban areas are under continuous development and puts increasing demand on both surface and sub-surface city planning. The public need for infrastructure tunnels, road or railway tunnels, is most often prioritized rather than development of geothermal systems. Tunnels can thus be a hurdle for the planning and further development of geothermal utilization in cities. In many European countries' tunnels are now increasingly considered as a source of thermal energy in their self. Large volumes of rock mass and groundwater are made available in tunnels and the tunnel can be "activated" for harnessing the heat energy within, so called Energy tunnels. The potential for utilizing geothermal energy from Norwegian tunnels via heat pump systems is now being investigated. The tunnels can be activated in several manners, where both passive closed loop systems or active open loop groundwater systems are the two main potential solutions. The applicability of incorporating these systems are here assessed for the Norwegian tunnel design and an initial view on the potential for utilizing our tunnel infrastructure is given. The potential thermal energy available in existing road and railway tunnels alone range in the several TWh scale if all tunnels are activated. The many thousands of kilometers of tunnels in Norway might thus become a future energy resource and a potential pathway to reach our climate goals and to increase the rate of energy transition to renewable energy sources.
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Pop, Petru A., Mircea Veres, Mircea Gordan, and Petru Ungur. "Aspects About Sonic Pollution and Vibrations Sources in Urban Area and Solutions for Them Suppressing." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10737.
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This paper presents some aspects about sonic pollution and vibrations sources in urban area, respectively in Oradea town with its metropolitan zone, and suppressing solutions. The noise and vibration pollution in urban area represents an actual theme of environment protection in Europe and other world’s zone. In last time, Oradea Town has known a large urban and economical development, which due to including inside of urban zone two metallic railway bridges “Oradea East” and “Oradea West”, over “Crisul Repede” River. This ambient noise level and vibration loads produced by railway bridges on passing trains must be reduce, increasing of working bridge’s age and population’s comfort. The experiments about of automotive and tram traffic influence of historical monuments and public Oradea’s buildings have been extended, such as church and hospital. The tests have emphasized the necessity of suppressing noise and vibration pollution by mounting of sonic absorbent panels near buildings from railway bridges, phonic insulation of buildings walls, hour’s restriction program of traffic in these areas, and other solutions.
Reports on the topic "Passive urban buildings"
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.
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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.