Journal articles: 'Passive safety. structural interaction'

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Vrecl Kojc, H., and L. Trauner. "Upper-bound approach for analysis of cantilever retaining walls." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 9 (September 2010): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-004.

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The proposed method for the analysis of cantilever retaining walls is based on ultimate limit states, but in contrast to other methods, which are recognized worldwide, also considers the condition of vertical force equilibrium, which includes the wall unit weight and the vertical component of the soil–structure interaction. The two-dimensional analytical model with polygonal soil pressure distribution is based on two new characteristics: the parameter α and the passive pressure coefficient at the embedment depth, Kb. The kinematic approach of limit analysis is used to examine the limit equilibrium state of the cantilever retaining wall according to soil properties and other loadings. The failure mechanism, composed of a classical determination of the passive pressure in the embedded part of the wall and a kinematically admissible velocity field at the retained side of the wall, estimates the limiting value of the passive earth pressure at the embedment depth. The advantage of the proposed method is that it enables the design of more slender cantilever retaining walls, at which the comparable level of safety for geotechnical and structural bearing capacity limit states is reached, which is the basic condition for safe design of retaining structures.

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Yuan, Jian, Lin He, Feng Fan, and Cong Liu. "THE DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF PASSIVE HUMAN AT TEMPORARY DEMOUNTABLE GRANDSTANDS DURING EXPOSURE TO LATERAL VIBRATION." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 24, no. 4 (June 29, 2018): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.3073.

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Modelling the interaction between crowds and temporary demountable grandstands with identifying the human dynamic properties are challenges for structure optimal design. In this paper, for investigating and understanding the human and structural lateral dynamic features. A demountable grandstand was tested to obtain its model parameters firstly. Then it is tested at amplitudes between 0.16 m/s2 to 1.54 m/s2 with 75 random waves through a shaking table when occupied by twenty persons. Afterword a simplified two-degree of freedom lumped dynamic model of the joint human-structure system is reinterpreted. Utilizing the state-space model, the passive crowd dynamic parameters are obtained, based on root mean square accumulation error analysis. Statistical analysis of the predictive results concludes that seated crowd model damping ratio is 0.5, and the probable natural frequency is 2.0 Hz with the model mass ratio 0.7. For standing crowd model, the probable natural frequency is 1.5 Hz with the model mass damping ratio 0.4, and the model mass ratio is 0.7. It may have ability to serve as a reference value that can be utilized in vibration safety and serviceability assessment of TDGs, to estimate realistically the vibration response on the occasions when crowd are seated or standing.

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Adedeji, Joseph Adeniran, Joseph Akinlabi Fadamiro, and Timothy Oluseyi Odeyale. "Design toolkits for campus open spaces from post-occupancy evaluations of federal universities in South-west Nigeria." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-11-2018-0138.

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Purpose Participatory design strategy through post-occupancy evaluation of built assets is a feedback mechanism into the design process. This paper draws upon a wider empirical study that aims at evaluating the University Campus Open Spaces (UCOS) of six federal universities in South-west Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to generate evidence-based design toolkits for UCOS towards spanning of disconnects between designers and users thereby revisiting and revitalizing their design criteria. Design/methodology/approach A sample (n=3,016) of users was drawn in a cross-sectional survey through stratified random method. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire in multiple choice and Likert-type scales. The data obtained were subjected to statistical techniques. Findings Results show that males use the UCOS for active and passive recreation than females. The UCOS are male dominated because the females have higher concerns for lack of safety and inclement weather. Both genders have equal preference for sitting. “Group academic” activities are at peak in the “afternoon”, while “being alone” takes place in the “evening” and “personal academic” in the “morning”. Safety is primary to zoological and botanical gardens. Social interaction spaces enhance successful recreation parks. Coherence and legibility are the highest cognitive satisfaction factors for pedestrian sidewalks. Practical implications The research generated design requirements for UCOS, and it is important for informing better design solutions in the future. Originality/value The results are synthesized into three-in-two new frameworks to guide future design actions for innovative strategies between design and use/operational phases.

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Yu, Yang, Shimin Wei, Haiyan Sheng, and Yingkun Zhang. "Research on Real-Time Joint Stiffness Configuration of a Series Parallel Hybrid 7-DOF Humanoid Manipulator in Continuous Motion." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052433.

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In this paper, the real-time joint stiffness configuration strategy of a series parallel hybrid 7-DOF (degree of freedom) humanoid manipulator with flexible joints in continuous motion is studied. Firstly, considering the potential human robot accidental collision, combined with the manipulator safety index (MSI) and human body injury thresholds, the motion speed and joint stiffness of the robot are optimized in advance. Secondly, using hyperbolic tangent function for reference, the relationship between joint torques and passive joint deflection angles of the robot is given, which is beneficial for the real-time calculation of joint stiffness and obtain reasonable joint stiffness. Then, the structural model of the selected humanoid manipulator is described, on this basis, the relationship between the joint space stiffness and the Cartesian space stiffness of the humanoid manipulator is analyzed through Jacobian matrix, and the results show that the posture and joint space stiffness of the humanoid manipulator directly affect the Cartesian space stiffness of the humanoid manipulator. Finally, according to whether the humanoid manipulator works in the human-robot interaction environment, the real-time joint stiffness configuration of the humanoid manipulator in continuous motion is simulated and analyzed. The research shows that the humanoid manipulator with flexible joints can adjust the joint stiffness in real-time during continuous motion, and the joint stiffness configuration strategy can effectively improve the safety of human body in human-robot collision. In addition, in application, when the joint space stiffness of the robot is lower, the position accuracy can be improved by trajectory compensation.

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Ticona Melo, Ladislao R., Tulio N. Bittencourt, Diogo Ribeiro, and Rui Calçada. "Dynamic Response of a Railway Bridge to Heavy Axle-Load Trains Considering Vehicle–Bridge Interaction." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 01 (January 2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418500104.

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Railway bridges can be particularly sensitive to dynamic effects induced by trains owing to the resonance phenomena originated by periodic loading associated with the passage of regularly spaced train’s axles groups. The increase of these dynamic effects in bridges located in freight railway lines, due to heavy axle-loads, higher circulation speeds, and the existence of track irregularities or wheel defects, can lead to excessive bridge vibrations, that can put in risk the structural safety, mainly due to the fatigue phenomena, and wheel–rail contact stability. In this study, the dynamic response of the Suaçuí railway bridge to heavy axle-load trains (HAL) considering the vehicle–structure interaction was analyzed. For this purpose, three-dimensional finite element models of the truss bridge, including the track, and train were developed. The dynamic response was obtained using ABAQUS[Formula: see text] software based on an iterative uncoupled method for the vehicle–structure interaction and considering track irregularities. The validation of the numerical models was performed through a comparison between the numerical and experimental dynamic responses, in terms of displacements and accelerations of the bridge for the passage of DASH 9[Formula: see text]W Locomotives and GDE wagons. The experimental response obtained from a dynamic test under railway traffic revealed a good agreement with the numerical response.

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Chen, Rong, and Wang Ping. "Dynamic Characteristics of High Speed Vehicle Passing over Railway Turnout on Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1438.

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Based on principle of vehicle-track-bridge dynamic interaction, a dynamic simulation model of a high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) passing over turnout on bridge was established. The calculation focused on 200km/h No.12 improved ballasted turnout (60kg/m rail) being laid on 3×32.0m simply supported beam, it analyze dynamic characteristics of a freight train with 25t axle load passing at speed of 120km/h and those of CRH1 EMUs passing at speed of 200km/h. Results show that: when the freight train passes the turnout through the main line, the vertical stiffness of the simply supported beams is not sufficient due to the relatively high speed and large axle load; when the EMUs passes the turnout on bridge, the dynamic deflection change rates of girders at the switch and frog are great and the turnout is not appropriately set on the bridge, so the frog crosses over the beam gap, which results in the increasing of track irregularity and finally causes derailment coefficient of vehicle to overrun to reduce the running safety; when a train passes the turnout zone on bridge, interaction between the vehicle and turnout is significant because of load fluctuation of the wheel caused by inevitable structural irregularity at the switch and nose rail, and this requires strengthening measurement and running within speed limit.

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Bao, Yulong, Huoyue Xiang, and Yongle Li. "A dynamic analysis scheme for the suspended monorail vehicle–curved bridge coupling system." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 8 (January 20, 2020): 1728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219900302.

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Based on the rigid–flexible coupling method, an original scheme for the dynamic analysis of the vehicle–bridge interaction between suspended monorail trains and horizontally curved bridges is proposed. Considering the compression deformation and contact model of walking tire and guiding tire, the geometric and mechanical coupling relationships between vehicle and bridge are studied, and the dynamic equations of suspended monorail vehicle–bridge interaction are derived. A vehicle–curved bridge coupling vibration system is established according to transformable relationship between the local coordinate system and the global coordinate system in SIMPACK. Considering a curved bridge under passage of suspended monorail vehicles as an example, the influences of critical system parameters, such as the superelevation, vehicle speed, and bridge curve radius, on the dynamic responses of vehicles and the curved bridge are explored. It is shown that the direction of the yawing moment of the front bogie is in accordance with the turning direction of the vehicle, while the yawing moment of the rear bogie is in the opposite direction. The superelevation has great influence on the lateral guiding force and vertical walking force of vehicle, and vehicle speed is a key factor to the running safety of suspended monorail vehicle. In addition, the curve negotiation ability of vehicle is better with the increase in bridge curve radius.

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Тарасова, E. Tarasova, Дорохин, and S. Dorokhin. "ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY VEHICLES." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19537.

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The article describes the basic elements of active and passive safety, as well as their impact on the consequences of road accidents. Shows the interaction of systems of active and passive safe- ty in the event of a frontal collision, side collision, rear impact, rollover

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Piet, Steven J., Leonid N. Topilski, Hans-Werner Bartels, Andre E. Poucet, and David A. Petti. "ITER inherent/passive ultimate safety margins." Fusion Engineering and Design 42, no. 1-4 (September 1998): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(97)00149-x.

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BELOKUROV, V. P., E. N. BUSARIN, R. A. KORABLEV, and R. A. SPODAREV. "PASSIVE SAFETY OF MOTOR TRANSPORT DEPENDING ON THE." World of transport and technological machines 73, no. 2 (2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-73-2-17-22.

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The interrelation of thermal modes of brake units of transport vehicles on their reliability and durability depending on operational factors of transport is considered. It is assumed that all the kinetic energy of rotating and translationally moving masses in the brake nodes is converted into thermal energy. In this regard, a criterion is used that characterizes the thermal energy released in the brakes and the operational criterion of transport vehicles. Comparison of these criteria makes it possible to evaluate the performance and durability of brake components, as well as to outline ways of their structural perfection depending on heat dissipation.

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Kovanda, J., T. Růžička, and M. Kepka. "Bonding of Structural Parts of Vehicle Bodies and Aspects of Passive Safety." Transactions on Transport Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/tots.2009.012.

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Wang, Xin Yu, Deng Feng Wang, Wan Lai Sun, and Pei Wu Liu. "Lightweight Design for a Cab of a Heavy-Duty Truck Based on Passive Safety." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.603.

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This paper focuses on the cab of a heavy-duty truck. Lightweight design and structural improvements for the cab-in-white were carried out by using the topology optimization shape optimization and size optimization methods, and the weight was reduced by 46kg without changing the cab structural materials. Performed modal analysis of the lightweight cab, and then compared analysis results with those corresponding results of the original cab. Comparative analysis showed that the first ten natural vibration frequencies of the lightweight cab all have a certain increase compared with those of the original structure. On this basis the simulation analysis of the passive safety of the lightweight cab was performed. Besides a sample of the lightweight cab was developed, and tests on the passive safety of the lightweight cab were completed. Tests results validated that the passive safety of the lightweight cab met the requirements of ECE R29. Also the effectiveness of the cab structural lightweight design improvements and the simulation analysis of the passive safety was verified by tests.

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Khan, Said G., Guido Herrmann, Mubarak Al Grafi, Tony Pipe, and Chris Melhuish. "Compliance Control and Human–Robot Interaction: Part 1 — Survey." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 11, no. 03 (September 2014): 1430001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843614300013.

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Compliance control is highly relevant to human safety in human–robot interaction (HRI). This paper presents a review of various compliance control techniques. The paper is aimed to provide a good background knowledge for new researchers and highlight the current hot issues in compliance control research. Active compliance, passive compliance, adaptive and reinforcement learning-based compliance control techniques are discussed. This paper provides a comprehensive literature survey of compliance control keeping in view physical human robot interaction (pHRI) e.g., passing an object, such as a cup, between a human and a robot. Compliance control may eventually provide an immediate and effective layer of safety by avoiding pushing, pulling or clamping in pHRI. Emerging areas such as soft robotics, which exploit the deformability of biomaterial as well as hybrid approaches which combine active and passive compliance are also highlighted.

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Van Dam, Jared, Steven J. Kass, and Lisa VanWormer. "The effects of passive mobile phone interaction on situation awareness and driving performance." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 12, no. 8 (January 20, 2019): 1007–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2018.1564947.

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KOPCZYńSKI, A., M. PTAK, and P. HARNATKIEWICZ. "The influence of frontal protection system design on pedestrian passive safety." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 2 (January 2011): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1644-9665(12)60148-4.

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Phillips, J. H., C. L. Atwood, H. L. Magleby, and S. T. Khericha. "Interpretation of Probabilistic Structural Analysis of an Aging Passive Component." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929591.

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This article describes a technique to calculate the risk from failure of passive components over time, and demonstrates the technique by applying it to a weld in the auxiliary feedwater (AFW) system. It uses a modified version of the PRAISE computer code to perform a probabilistic structural analysis to calculate the probability that crack growth due to aging would cause the weld to rupture. It then uses the weld rupture probability as input to a modified existing PRA to calculate the change in plant risk with time. The results show an insignificant effect on plant risk because of the low calculated rupture rate of the weld in this particular calculation over 48 yr of service. A decreasing yearly rupture rate for this weld is calculated. This results from infant mortality; that is, most of those initial flaws that will eventually lead to rupture will do so early in life.

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Feih, S., A. P. Mouritz, Z. Mathys, and A. G. Gibson. "Fire Structural Modeling of Polymer Composites with Passive Thermal Barrier." Journal of Fire Sciences 28, no. 2 (July 30, 2009): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904109340878.

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Gera, B., Pavan K. Sharma, R. K. Singh, and K. K. Vaze. "CFD analysis of passive autocatalytic recombiner interaction with atmosphere." Kerntechnik 76, no. 2 (May 2011): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/124.110119.

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Jung, HaJin, Suran Lee, and YoungWoo Sohn. "The influence of safety-specific transformational leadership on the safety behaviors." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 28, no. 2 (May 31, 2015): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v28i2.249-274.

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This study examined the influence of safety-specific leadership style (transformational, passive) on safety motivation and safety behaviors. Specifically, the study examined the sequential mediating effect of group-level safety climate and autonomous safety motivations (intrinsic, identified regulation) on the relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership (SSTL) and safety behaviors (participation, compliance) by using structural equation modeling. The study also investigated the moderating effect of trust in leader on the relationship of safety-specific leadership and group-level safety climate. Survey data were gathered from 440 military personnel in the Republic of Korea Navy. Results showed that SSTL predicted both safety participation and compliance through the sequential effect of group-level safety climate and intrinsic safety motivation. However, the path to the safety participation was not significant when identified regulation safety motivation was mediated. Safety-specific passive leadership (SSPL) also predicted safety behaviors through safety climate and motivation by the identical process of SSTL, but the effect was negative. Also, on the relationship between safety climate and safety motivation, group-level safety climate had more effect on intrinsic safety motivation than identified regulation safety motivation. On the relationship between safety motivation and safety behavior, intrinsic motivation had more effect on safety participation than compliance. Trust in leader had a moderating effect on the link between SSTL and group-level safety climate. However, the moderating effect was not significant on the association between SSPL and group-level safety climate. Based on these results, the implications and directions for future research were discussed.

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Chen, Min, and Guo Jing He. "The Research Status and Prospect of Passive Energy Dissipation Technology in Fields of Structural Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.338.

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This paper generalizes the research status of passive energy dissipation technology in the field of Structural Engineering. Many achievements has been gotten since its emergence, including the manufacture of dampers, the experimental research and control effect analysis for energy dissipation systems, as well as the studies on its optimal design theory, which plays an important role in protecting people's life safety. However, the current design idea mainly focuses on the security, thus the energy dissipation structures will still suffer great economic losses even in moderate earthquakes. As a result, it is quite necessary to introduce the performance-based seismic design idea to study the design theory for passive energy dissipation. This paper has detailed three key problems in performance-based design of passive energy dissipation and put forward some strategy. Finally, it marks out that to study the performance-based design theory in passive energy dissipation system is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of society.

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Lee, Chang, Russell, Lipsitch, and Maurer-Stroh. "Influenza A Hemagglutinin Passage Bias Sites and Host Specificity Mutations." Cells 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8090958.

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Animal studies aimed at understanding influenza virus mutations that change host specificity to adapt to replication in mammalian hosts are necessarily limited in sample numbers due to high cost and safety requirements. As a safe, higher-throughput alternative, we explore the possibility of using readily available passage bias data obtained mostly from seasonal H1 and H3 influenza strains that were differentially grown in mammalian (MDCK) and avian cells (eggs). Using a statistical approach over 80,000 influenza hemagglutinin sequences with passage information, we found that passage bias sites are most commonly found in three regions: (i) the globular head domain around the receptor binding site, (ii) the region that undergoes pH-dependent structural changes and (iii) the unstructured N-terminal region harbouring the signal peptide. Passage bias sites were consistent among different passage cell types as well as between influenza A subtypes. We also find epistatic interactions of site pairs supporting the notion of host-specific dependency of mutations on virus genomic background. The sites identified from our large-scale sequence analysis substantially overlap with known host adaptation sites in the WHO H5N1 genetic changes inventory suggesting information from passage bias can provide candidate sites for host specificity changes to aid in risk assessment for emerging strains.

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Naumenko, N. Ye, and I. Yu Khyzha. "MODELING OF INTERACTION OF THE PASSENGER TRAIN VEHICLES, EQUIPPED BY PASSIVE SAFETY, AT ACCIDENTAL COLLISION WITH OBSTACLE." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 4(58) (September 11, 2015): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2015/49280.

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Drobakha, Hr, I. Neklonskyi, A. Kateshchenok, V. Sobyna, D. Taraduda, L. Borysova, and I. Lysachenko. "Structural and functional simulation of interaction in the field of aviation safety by using matrices." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 95 (February 1, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1734.

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Purpose: The conducted research was aimed at constructing a structural and functional model for the interaction of bodies providing aviation safety during crisis management. Design/methodology/approach: The methods of mathematical simulation and the graph theory, the methods comparison and formalization have been applied to study the process of interaction between the bodies assuring aviation safety. Using methods of the linear algebra allowed constructing a mathematical model for the functional structure of the interaction process that contains description of this process by the main methods of interaction. Findings: It has been proved that the interaction process has a certain functional properties that reflect the functional relations between the modes of violator actions, the modes of using the response forces and the modes of interaction. A structural and functional model of interaction in semantic, algebraic forms and in the form of graphs has been created. using typical operations with incidence matrices, the possibility of obtaining the physical interpretation of the simulation results within the introduced algebra of functional structure models has been justified. Research limitations/implications: Discusses interactions between the bodies that assure aviation safety and at the same time, the possibility of a crisis situation is taken into account. Practical implications: The developed models allow reflecting the current state of the functional system and the elements of the process of interaction rather completely. It makes a structural and functional analysis of interaction possible and allows defining the priority directions of its organization, simulating the options and methods of interaction in solving relevant tasks by the bodies that assure aviation safety. Originality/value: That allowed not only describing the formal relations between the methods of interaction and interacting units, between the interacting units and the modes of violator actions, but also considering the influence of the interaction process on the current state of the functional system.

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Pandey, Mahesh D. "Stochastic analysis of structures with passive seismic control." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-113.

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In modern building design, the installation of passive control devices such as friction cross-bracings and viscoelastic dampers is considered an attractive option for controlling structural damage due to an earthquake. These control devices, like safety valves, allow earthquake energy dissipation at purposely designed locations such that ductility demands on other structural members are greatly reduced. The paper presents a nonlinear stochastic analysis procedure for large building structures equipped with passive control devices using the method of equivalent linearization. A generalization of this method, based on the Monte Carlo simulation technique, is elaborated for linearizing a multidimensional hysteretic restoring force law in a manner compatible with existing finite element programs. To illustrate the procedure, response statistics of a nonlinear oscillator, a friction damped structure, and a 10-storey building subjected to random excitation are analyzed. The study highlights that friction connections are useful in controlling seismic response of building structures. Key words: stochastic dynamics, Markov process, equivalent linearization, earthquake, passive control, Monte Carlo simulation, hysteresis, filtered white noise, covariance, friction cross-bracing.

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Horwitz, Sujin K., and Irwin B. Horwitz. "The effects of organizational commitment and structural empowerment on patient safety culture." Journal of Health Organization and Management 31, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-07-2016-0150.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between patient safety culture and two attitudinal constructs: affective organizational commitment and structural empowerment. In doing so, the main and interaction effects of the two constructs on the perception of patient safety culture were assessed using a cohort of physicians. Design/methodology/approach Affective commitment was measured with the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, whereas structural empowerment was assessed with the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II. The abbreviated versions of these surveys were administered to a cohort of 71 post-doctoral medical residents. For the data analysis, hierarchical regression analyses were performed for the main and interaction effects of affective commitment and structural empowerment on the perception of patient safety culture. Findings A total of 63 surveys were analyzed. The results revealed that both affective commitment and structural empowerment were positively related to patient safety culture. A potential interaction effect of the two attitudinal constructs on patient safety culture was tested but no such effect was detected. Research limitations/implications This study suggests that there are potential benefits of promoting affective commitment and structural empowerment for patient safety culture in health care organizations. By identifying the positive associations between the two constructs and patient safety culture, this study provides additional empirical support for Kanter’s theoretical tenet that structural and organizational support together helps to shape the perceptions of patient safety culture. Originality/value Despite the wide recognition of employee empowerment and commitment in organizational research, there has still been a paucity of empirical studies specifically assessing their effects on patient safety culture in health care organizations. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first empirical study to examine the relationship between structural empowerment as proposed by Kanter and the culture of patient safety using physicians.

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Varlahov, V., and A. Lubentsov. "PECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING FORENSIC RESEARCH ON PASSENGER SRS VEHICLE SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH THE REASON NOT CAUSE THE FRONT BUCKLES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 19, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2019.23.

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Issues that arise from experts during the performance of court automotive expert assessments (expert researches) of technical condition of automobiles are considered, namely: SRS passive safety systems. The sequence of carrying out elemental research of the passive safety system of the SRS of cars on establishing the reasons for failure of the front (front) airbag of the passenger during a traffic accident is presented. The urgency of this paper is due, on the one hand, to the mass installation of airbags on cars of different brands, which are intended to protect the driver and passengers of vehicles from injuries during a collision, and on the other hand, frequent cases of not triggering airbags in the collision, associated as both for technical and operational reasons, resulting in serious injuries to the driver and passengers in the event of a collision. The increase in the level of constructive safety of the car, above all, is ensured by strengthening the requirements for the development, installation of structural elements and systems that provide protection of life and health of road users. Given the diversity of sources of risk factors for road accidents, constructive safety is divided into active, passive and after emergency. The examination of the technical condition of the SRS passive safety system is essentially a study of the vehicle electrical system requiring safety measures, since damage to the insulation of wires, shorting of individual circuits of electrical wires, and the introduction of extraneous current to the connectors can lead to the deployment of airbags during research.

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Pinelli, Jean-Paul, James I. Craig, Barry J. Goodno, and Cheng-Chieh Hsu. "Passive Control of Building Response Using Energy Dissipating Cladding Connections." Earthquake Spectra 9, no. 3 (August 1993): 529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585728.

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Ductile cladding connections take advantage of the cladding-structure interaction during an earthquake to dissipate energy. An experimental test program studied the behavior of the different components of a connection system. Analytical models of the connection were incorporated into a 2D model of a six story building with cladding. Time histories of the energy demand and supply to the building, both with and without cladding, trace the response of the structure to earthquake excitations. Results show that properly designed energy dissipative connector elements can be responsible for the total hysteretic energy dissipated in the structural system. A design criterion for the connection that is formulated in terms of energy provides the optimal balance of stiffness and strength to be added to the structure by the dissipators. It results in maximum energy dissipation in the connectors, no plastification in the structural members, and reduced structural response. This approach could be applicable to both new and retrofitted buildings.

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Wang, Longfang, and Weiliang He. "Analytical Study on Deformation and Structural Safety of Parafoil." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8924983.

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This study focuses on the cell bump distortion and bearing capacity of parafoil structure. Based on the mechanical properties of the membrane structure, the spanwise model of parafoil inflation was established and verified by comparing with the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) results. Because the internal pressure is very low, the chordwise stiffness is mainly generated by suspending lines. The chordwise model of inflated parafoil was established in consideration of elastic force and aerodynamic force. The results show that the cell is slenderer; the canopy surface is smoother; the aerodynamic load has a light effect on the shrinkage and bump ratios; when the cell width is constant, the critical dynamic pressure reduces k times with the k times increasing in parafoil area; and the design parameters of the first-row line OA have significant effects on the structural stiffness of inflated parafoil. The analytical model is useful for the weakening deformation design and the safety discussion of large parafoil for rocket booster recovery.

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Huang, Chao Qun, and Fei Lai. "Study on the Structural Improvement Methods for Car Frontal Crash." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 2489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2489.

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Taking a sedan as the research object, the frontal impact simulation was done. The results showed that the corresponding results of the structure deformation of the body are in agreement with the experimental data. On account of the driving zone and driver survival space that were compressed seriously, some improvements of the front carling were taken in designing. The structural simulation analysis and dummy injury analysis were done to verify the effectiveness of the improved scheme: the peak acceleration of B-Pillar was greatly reduced, the damage value of dummy was significantly reduced, and so greatly improving the car's passive safety.

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Nejatbakhsh, Naemeh, and Kazuhiro Kosuge. "Loose Guide for Passive Omnidirectional Mobility Aid." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 4 (August 20, 2006): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0511.

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This paper details the design and control of an intelligent mobility aid for the elderly and gait-disabled, called Omni RT Walker (ORTW). Omni RT Walker-II, version 2 of ORTW, consists of an omnidirectional platform and uses magneto-rheological brakes for passive control. ORTW-II enables the elderly to use the driving skills they possess while supplementing movement that may have declined due to their age or fatigue. We choose indoor navigation as the task to be realized by shared control of ORTW-II. Unlike most path tracking methods, which attempt to lead an objective system on a desired trajectory, our new algorithm restricts mobility to a pathway called thePotential Canal, while mobility is conducted by the user. In systems with direct human interaction similar to mobility aids, our proposal is expected to increase user-dependability in system operation while increasing user freedom and safety. A collision-free Potential Canal is maintained using realtime modification based on environmental information. Experimental results are included to demonstrate path tracking accuracy and quality.

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Bogdanov, Aleksej, Aleksandr Permyakov, and Yulija Zhdanova. "Synthesis of structural scheme of drive of adaptive multiple-link gripper." MATEC Web of Conferences 161 (2018): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816103009.

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The problem of construction of drive of multiple-link gripper capable to operate with human infrastructure objects is considered in the article. Technical specifications of structural scheme of actuating link group of a gripper are determined with reference to analysis of human hand finger bones motion. Structural scheme of system of motion transmission to the output links that realizes group drive and does not have kinematic correspondence of links is recommended. Synthesis of structural scheme is accomplished on the basis of providing of adaptability of output links location to the grasped object surface contour. The key point of the construction is variability of output link according to the interaction with grasped object. This is provided by passive power connections which are initiated between output links and motion transmission system links. Sequence of functioning of actuating link group is represented. Keywords: synthesis, structural scheme, drive, multiple-link gripper, actuating link group, passive power connections.

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Leonard, T. R., and W. Herzog. "Regulation of muscle force in the absence of actin-myosin-based cross-bridge interaction." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 1 (July 2010): C14—C20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00049.2010.

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For the past half century, the sliding filament-based cross-bridge theory has been the cornerstone of our understanding of how muscles contract. According to this theory, active force can only occur if there is overlap between the contractile filaments, actin and myosin. Otherwise, forces are thought to be caused by passive structural elements and are assumed to vary solely because of the length of the muscle. We observed increases in muscle force by a factor of 3 to 4 above the purely passive forces for activated and stretched myofibrils in the absence of actin-myosin overlap. We show that this dramatic increase in force is crucially dependent on the presence of the structural protein titin, cannot be explained with calcium activation, and is regulated by actin-myosin-based cross-bridge forces before stretching. We conclude from these observations that titin is a strong regulator of muscle force and propose that this regulation is based on cross-bridge force-dependent titin-actin interactions. These results suggest a mechanism for stability of sarcomeres on the “inherently unstable” descending limb of the force-length relationship, and they further provide an explanation for the protection of muscles against stretch-induced muscle injuries.

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Feng, Yongfei, Hongbo Wang, Hao Yan, Xincheng Wang, Zhennan Jin, and Luige Vladareanu. "Research on Safety and Compliance of a New Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1523068.

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The lower limb rehabilitation robot is an application of robotic technology for stroke people with lower limb disabilities. A new applicable and effective sitting/lying lower limb rehabilitation robot (LLR-Ro) is proposed, which has the mechanical limit protection, the electrical limit protection, and the software protection to prevent the patient from the secondary damage. Meanwhile, as a new type of the rehabilitation robots, its hip joint rotation ranges are different in the patient sitting training posture and lying training posture. The mechanical leg of the robot has a variable workspace to work in both training postures. So, if the traditional mechanical limit and the electrical limit cannot be used in the hip joint mechanism design, a follow-up limit is first proposed to improve the compatibility of human-machine motion. Besides, to eliminate the accident interaction force between the patient and LLR-Ro in the process of the passive training, an amendment impedance control strategy based on the position control is proposed to improve the compliance of the LLR-Ro. A simulation experiment and an experiment with a participant show that the passive training of LLR-Ro has compliance.

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Paudyal, Arjun, Hans Degens, Guus C. Baan, Wendy Noort, Mark Slevin, Erwin van Wegen, Gert Kwakkel, and Huub Maas. "Changes in muscle–tendon unit length–force characteristics following experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke cannot be explained by changes in muscle belly structure." European Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 9 (June 1, 2021): 2509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04729-x.

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Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effects of experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke on structural and mechanical properties of rat m. flexor carpi ulnaris. Methods Two groups of Young-adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were measured: stroke (n = 9) and control (n = 7). Photothrombotic stroke was induced in the forelimb region of the primary sensorimotor cortex. Four weeks later, muscle–tendon unit and muscle belly length–force characteristics of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris, mechanical interaction with the neighbouring m. palmaris longus, the number of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibres, and the physiological cross-sectional area were measured. Results Stroke resulted in higher force and stiffness of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris at optimum muscle–tendon unit length, but only for the passive conditions. Stroke did not alter the length–force characteristics of m. flexor carpi ulnaris muscle belly, morphological characteristics, and the extent of mechanical interaction with m. palmaris longus muscle. Conclusion The higher passive force and passive stiffness at the muscle–tendon unit level in the absence of changes in structural and mechanical characteristics of the muscle belly indicates that the experimentally induced stroke resulted in an increased stiffness of the tendon.

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Samah, Hasrouri, and Ounis Abdelhafid. "Influence of seismic isolation systems and soil-structure interaction on the response of structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902077.

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The reduction of cyclic loading triggering major damage in urban areas is a major challenge in earthquake engineering. The processes of structural control especially control structures for passive isolation systems and earthquake sinks of energy, which consists in superimposing on the structure a device which modifies the rigidity or the damping of the structural system without the demand for an external energy source and without introducing energy for its operation, these devices with taking account the effect of soilstructure interaction are currently regarded as effective solutions to these problem by reducing the level of acceleration imposed on the structure and consequently forces shear and the relative displacements in the superstructure. This reduction of shear forces and displacements will limit the structural damage.

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Cacciola, P., and A. Tombari. "Vibrating barrier: a novel device for the passive control of structures under ground motion." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2179 (July 2015): 20150075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0075.

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A novel device, called vibrating barrier (ViBa), that aims to reduce the vibrations of adjacent structures subjected to ground motion waves is proposed. The ViBa is a structure buried in the soil and detached from surrounding buildings that is able to absorb a significant portion of the dynamic energy arising from the ground motion. The working principle exploits the dynamic interaction among vibrating structures due to the propagation of waves through the soil, namely the structure–soil–structure interaction. The underlying theoretical aspects of the novel control strategy are scrutinized along with its numerical modelling. Closed-form solutions are also derived to design the ViBa in the case of harmonic excitation. Numerical and experimental analyses are performed in order to investigate the efficiency of the device in mitigating the effects of ground motion waves on the structural response. A significant reduction in the maximum structural acceleration of 87% has been achieved experimentally.

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Cho, Haeseong, SangJoon Shin, Namhun Lee, and Seungsoo Lee. "Computational Study of Fluid-Structure Interaction on Flapping Wing under Passive Pitching Motion." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 32, no. 4 (July 2019): 04019023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001011.

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Cha, Jae Ho, and Sung Ho Yoon. "Structural Behaviors of Large Industrial Door Using Computational Fluid Dynamic and Structural Interaction Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 38, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/jkspe.021.014.

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Pérez-Aracil, J., E. Pereira, Iván M. Díaz, and P. Reynolds. "Passive and active vibration isolation under isolator-structure interaction: application to vertical excitations." Meccanica 56, no. 8 (March 25, 2021): 1921–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-021-01342-2.

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AbstractThis work studies the influence of a vibration isolator on the response of a flexible base structure. Two strategies are compared: passive and active vibration isolation (PVI, AVI). Although the multiple advantages of AVI over PVI techniques are well known, their effect in the base structure has not to date been compared. This interaction has an important role in the performance of the general control system, especially when the vibration isolation system is not the only system on the base structure or when there are multiple isolators working simultaneously on it. In addition, the structural serviceability of the base structure can also be affected. The analysis of the vibration isolation problem is made from a wide perspective, including the effect that isolator has on the base structure. Hence assuming the base structure is a non-rigid system. The effect of the isolation system on the base response is studied for an extensive range of base structures, thus showing different possible scenarios. The influence is quantified by comparing the peak magnitude response of the base when both passive and active vibration isolation techniques are used. The theoretical results have been corroborated by undertaking experimental tests on a full-scale laboratory structure.

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Takamatsu, Kuniyoshi, Tatsuya Matsumoto, Wei Liu, and Koji Morita. "Comparisons between passive RCCSs on degree of passive safety features against accidental conditions and methodology to determine structural thickness of scaled-down heat removal test facilities." Annals of Nuclear Energy 162 (November 2021): 108512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108512.

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Tang, Shuai, Dominic Roberts, and Mani Golparvar-Fard. "Human-object interaction recognition for automatic construction site safety inspection." Automation in Construction 120 (December 2020): 103356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103356.

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Noyce, David A., and Daniel B. Fambro. "Enhanced Traffic Control Devices at Passive Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1648, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1648-03.

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More than 2,000 crashes and 239 fatalities were reported at public passive highway-railroad grade crossings in 1994. Driver error, often due to a breakdown in communication between traffic control devices and the driver, is commonly cited as a factor in passive grade crossing crashes. The objective of this study was to evaluate an improved method for communicating with drivers in an effort to improve safety at passive grade crossings. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a vehicle-activated strobe light and supplemental sign as enhancements to the railroad advance (W10-1) warning sign at a passive highway-railroad grade crossing near Temple, Texas. Three study methods were used to evaluate this enhanced sign system including a before and after speed study, a driver survey, and a driver observation study. The results indicated that average speeds on the approaches to the grade crossing were lower after the installation of the enhanced sign system. Drivers responded favorably to the enhanced sign system, and no adverse driver reactions were observed at the onset of the flashing strobe light. The strobe light was effective in directing drivers’ attention to the railroad advance warning and supplemental signs. The enhanced sign system appears to increase driver awareness of the passive grade crossing, cause some drivers to approach the grade crossing with additional caution, and reduce the average speed near the nonrecovery zone on both approaches.

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Krishnaswamy, Kailash, and Perry Y. Li. "Bond Graph Based Approach to Passive Teleoperation of a Hydraulic Backhoe." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 1 (November 19, 2005): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2168475.

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Human operated, hydraulic actuated machines are widely used in many high-power applications. Improving productivity, safety and task quality (e.g., haptic feedback in a teleoperated scenario) has been the focus of past research. For robotic systems that interact with the physical environments, passivity is a useful property for ensuring safety and interaction stability. While passivity is a well utilized concept in electromechanical robotic systems, investigation of electrohydraulic control systems that enforce this passivity property are rare. This paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates a teleoperation control algorithm that renders a hydraulic backhoe/force feedback joystick system as a two-port, coordinated, passive machine. By fully accounting for the fluid compressibility, inertia dynamics and nonlinearity, coordination performance is much improved over a previous scheme in which the coordination control approximates the hydraulic system by its kinematic behavior. This is accomplished by a novel bond graph based three step design methodology: (1) energetically invariant transformation of the system into a pair of “shape” and “locked” subsystems; (2) inversion of the shape system bond graph to derive the coordination control law; (3) use of the locked system bond graph to derive an appropriate control law to achieve a target locked system dynamics while ensuring the passivity property of the coordinated system. The proposed passive control law has been experimentally verified for its bilateral energy transfer ability and performance enhancements.

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Senkal, Doruk, and E. Ilhan Konukseven. "Passive Haptic Interface with MR-Brakes for Dental Implant Surgery." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 20, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00045.

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In this research a passive haptic interface is explored as a surgical aid for dental implant surgery. The placement of a dental implant is critical since positioning mistakes can lead to permanent damage in the nerves controlling the lips, long lasting numbness, and failure of the implant and the crown on it. Haptic feedback to the surgeon in real time can decrease dependence on the surgeon's skill and experience for accurate implant positioning and increase the overall safety of the procedure. The developed device is a lightweight mechanism with weight compensation. Rotary magnetorheological (MR) brakes were custom designed for this application using the serpentine flux path concept. The resulting MR-brakes are 33% smaller in diameter than the only commercially available such brakes, yet produce 2.7 times more torque at 10.9 Nm. Another contribution of this research was a ferro-fluidic sealing technique which decreased the off-state torque. The control system implemented the passive force manipulability ellipsoid algorithm for force rendering of rigid wall-following tasks. Usability experiments were conducted to drill holes with haptic feedback. The maximum average positioning error was 2.88 mm along the x axis. The errors along the y and z axes were 1.9 mm and 1.16 mm, respectively. The results are on the same order of magnitude as other dental robotic systems. The innovative new MR-brake actuators, inherent safety of the system, and simplicity of control make this passive haptic interface a viable option for further exploration.

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Stuhlenmiller, Florian, Jochen Schuy, Philipp Beckerle, and Stephan Rinderknecht. "A user-specific human-machine interaction strategy for a prosthetic shank adapter." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0103.

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AbstractFor people with lower limb amputation, a user-specific human-machine interaction with their prostheses is required to ensure safe and comfortable assistance. Especially during dynamic turning manoeuvres, users experience high loads at the stump, which decreases comfort and may lead to long-term tissue damage. Preliminary experiments with users wearing a configurable, passive torsional adaptor indicate increased comfort and safety achieved by adaptation of torsional stiffness and foot alignment. Moreover, the results show that the individual preference regarding both parameters depend on gait situation and individual preference. Hence, measured loads in the structure of the prosthesis and subjective feedback regarding comfort and safety during different turning motions are considered in a user-specific human-machine interaction strategy for a prosthetic shank adaptor. Therefore, the interrelations of gait parameters with optimal configuration are stored in an individual preference-setting matrix. Stiffness and foot alignment are actively adjusted to the optimal parameters by a parallel elastic actuator. Two subjects reported that they experienced appropriate variation of stiffness and foot alignment, a noticeable reduction of load at the stump and that they could turn with less effort.

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Yu, Zhang-cheng, and Heng Xie. "Feasibility study of applying the passive safety system concept to fusion–fission hybrid reactor." Fusion Engineering and Design 89, no. 4 (April 2014): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.03.049.

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Zhang, Hao, Minglei Shi, Lei Yang, and Yuancheng Guo. "A Semianalytical Solution for Passively Loaded Piles Adjacent to Surcharge Load." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 10, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2398389.

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Piles adjacent to a surcharge load commonly support not only active loads from superstructures but also the passive loads caused by soil lateral movement. To investigate the influence of passive load and the response along pile shafts of existing actively loaded piles, a load transfer model for analyzing the soil-pile interaction was developed based on plastic deformation theory and the triparameter soil model. An analytical solution for the deformation and internal force of such piles was proposed using the transfer matrix method, in which the transfer matrix coefficients for piles in free, plastic, and elastic zones were analytically obtained by considering the second-order axial force effect caused by lateral loading and soil yielding based on the triparameter soil model. The proposed methodology was validated by comparing its predictions with field measurements and previously published results. A good match between model predictions, field measurements, and previously published results implies that the proposed method can be used to evaluate the response of passive piles adjacent to a surcharge load. Parametric studies were also carried out to investigate the influence of surcharge pressure, soil resistance, and boundary conditions on the behavior of passively loaded piles adjacent to a surcharge load.

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Mumtaz Qadri, M. N., Fuwang Zhao, and Hui Tang. "Fluid-structure interaction of a fully passive flapping foil for flow energy extraction." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 177 (July 2020): 105587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105587.

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Nigro, Emidio, Giuseppe Cefarelli, Anna Ferraro, Gaetano Manfredi, and Edoardo Cosenza. "Fire Safety Engineering for Open and Closed Car Parks: C.A.S.E. Project for L’Aquila." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.746.

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The Fire Safety Engineering (FSE) is a multi-discipline aimed to define the fire safety strategy for buildings under fire conditions, in which structural stability and control of fire spread are achieved by providing active and/or passive fire protection. In this paper, the aspects of FSE for the structural safety checks in case of fire are shown with reference to Italian and European standards. FSE requires the choice of a performance level, the definition of design fire scenarios, the choice of heat flows models and several numerical thermo-mechanical analyses. The information provided by a significant research, performed in Europe for open and closed car parks, are used to apply the FSE to the car parks of the new buildings of the C.A.S.E. Project for L’Aquila, characterized by steel columns supporting the seismically isolated superstructure. The results of the application of the FSE approach are reported and discussed in the second part of the paper.

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Sobolevska, M. B., and D. V. Horobets. "Analysis of the interaction between a passenger train with passive safety system and a large road vehicle in a collision." Technical mechanics 2019, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2019.01.094.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Passive safety. structural interaction'

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