Academic literature on the topic 'Passive safety. structural interaction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Passive safety. structural interaction"
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Vrecl Kojc, H., and L. Trauner. "Upper-bound approach for analysis of cantilever retaining walls." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 9 (September 2010): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-004.
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The proposed method for the analysis of cantilever retaining walls is based on ultimate limit states, but in contrast to other methods, which are recognized worldwide, also considers the condition of vertical force equilibrium, which includes the wall unit weight and the vertical component of the soil–structure interaction. The two-dimensional analytical model with polygonal soil pressure distribution is based on two new characteristics: the parameter α and the passive pressure coefficient at the embedment depth, Kb. The kinematic approach of limit analysis is used to examine the limit equilibrium state of the cantilever retaining wall according to soil properties and other loadings. The failure mechanism, composed of a classical determination of the passive pressure in the embedded part of the wall and a kinematically admissible velocity field at the retained side of the wall, estimates the limiting value of the passive earth pressure at the embedment depth. The advantage of the proposed method is that it enables the design of more slender cantilever retaining walls, at which the comparable level of safety for geotechnical and structural bearing capacity limit states is reached, which is the basic condition for safe design of retaining structures.
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Yuan, Jian, Lin He, Feng Fan, and Cong Liu. "THE DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF PASSIVE HUMAN AT TEMPORARY DEMOUNTABLE GRANDSTANDS DURING EXPOSURE TO LATERAL VIBRATION." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 24, no. 4 (June 29, 2018): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.3073.
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Modelling the interaction between crowds and temporary demountable grandstands with identifying the human dynamic properties are challenges for structure optimal design. In this paper, for investigating and understanding the human and structural lateral dynamic features. A demountable grandstand was tested to obtain its model parameters firstly. Then it is tested at amplitudes between 0.16 m/s2 to 1.54 m/s2 with 75 random waves through a shaking table when occupied by twenty persons. Afterword a simplified two-degree of freedom lumped dynamic model of the joint human-structure system is reinterpreted. Utilizing the state-space model, the passive crowd dynamic parameters are obtained, based on root mean square accumulation error analysis. Statistical analysis of the predictive results concludes that seated crowd model damping ratio is 0.5, and the probable natural frequency is 2.0 Hz with the model mass ratio 0.7. For standing crowd model, the probable natural frequency is 1.5 Hz with the model mass damping ratio 0.4, and the model mass ratio is 0.7. It may have ability to serve as a reference value that can be utilized in vibration safety and serviceability assessment of TDGs, to estimate realistically the vibration response on the occasions when crowd are seated or standing.
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Adedeji, Joseph Adeniran, Joseph Akinlabi Fadamiro, and Timothy Oluseyi Odeyale. "Design toolkits for campus open spaces from post-occupancy evaluations of federal universities in South-west Nigeria." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-11-2018-0138.
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Purpose Participatory design strategy through post-occupancy evaluation of built assets is a feedback mechanism into the design process. This paper draws upon a wider empirical study that aims at evaluating the University Campus Open Spaces (UCOS) of six federal universities in South-west Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to generate evidence-based design toolkits for UCOS towards spanning of disconnects between designers and users thereby revisiting and revitalizing their design criteria. Design/methodology/approach A sample (n=3,016) of users was drawn in a cross-sectional survey through stratified random method. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire in multiple choice and Likert-type scales. The data obtained were subjected to statistical techniques. Findings Results show that males use the UCOS for active and passive recreation than females. The UCOS are male dominated because the females have higher concerns for lack of safety and inclement weather. Both genders have equal preference for sitting. “Group academic” activities are at peak in the “afternoon”, while “being alone” takes place in the “evening” and “personal academic” in the “morning”. Safety is primary to zoological and botanical gardens. Social interaction spaces enhance successful recreation parks. Coherence and legibility are the highest cognitive satisfaction factors for pedestrian sidewalks. Practical implications The research generated design requirements for UCOS, and it is important for informing better design solutions in the future. Originality/value The results are synthesized into three-in-two new frameworks to guide future design actions for innovative strategies between design and use/operational phases.
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Yu, Yang, Shimin Wei, Haiyan Sheng, and Yingkun Zhang. "Research on Real-Time Joint Stiffness Configuration of a Series Parallel Hybrid 7-DOF Humanoid Manipulator in Continuous Motion." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052433.
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In this paper, the real-time joint stiffness configuration strategy of a series parallel hybrid 7-DOF (degree of freedom) humanoid manipulator with flexible joints in continuous motion is studied. Firstly, considering the potential human robot accidental collision, combined with the manipulator safety index (MSI) and human body injury thresholds, the motion speed and joint stiffness of the robot are optimized in advance. Secondly, using hyperbolic tangent function for reference, the relationship between joint torques and passive joint deflection angles of the robot is given, which is beneficial for the real-time calculation of joint stiffness and obtain reasonable joint stiffness. Then, the structural model of the selected humanoid manipulator is described, on this basis, the relationship between the joint space stiffness and the Cartesian space stiffness of the humanoid manipulator is analyzed through Jacobian matrix, and the results show that the posture and joint space stiffness of the humanoid manipulator directly affect the Cartesian space stiffness of the humanoid manipulator. Finally, according to whether the humanoid manipulator works in the human-robot interaction environment, the real-time joint stiffness configuration of the humanoid manipulator in continuous motion is simulated and analyzed. The research shows that the humanoid manipulator with flexible joints can adjust the joint stiffness in real-time during continuous motion, and the joint stiffness configuration strategy can effectively improve the safety of human body in human-robot collision. In addition, in application, when the joint space stiffness of the robot is lower, the position accuracy can be improved by trajectory compensation.
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Ticona Melo, Ladislao R., Tulio N. Bittencourt, Diogo Ribeiro, and Rui Calçada. "Dynamic Response of a Railway Bridge to Heavy Axle-Load Trains Considering Vehicle–Bridge Interaction." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 01 (January 2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418500104.
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Railway bridges can be particularly sensitive to dynamic effects induced by trains owing to the resonance phenomena originated by periodic loading associated with the passage of regularly spaced train’s axles groups. The increase of these dynamic effects in bridges located in freight railway lines, due to heavy axle-loads, higher circulation speeds, and the existence of track irregularities or wheel defects, can lead to excessive bridge vibrations, that can put in risk the structural safety, mainly due to the fatigue phenomena, and wheel–rail contact stability. In this study, the dynamic response of the Suaçuí railway bridge to heavy axle-load trains (HAL) considering the vehicle–structure interaction was analyzed. For this purpose, three-dimensional finite element models of the truss bridge, including the track, and train were developed. The dynamic response was obtained using ABAQUS[Formula: see text] software based on an iterative uncoupled method for the vehicle–structure interaction and considering track irregularities. The validation of the numerical models was performed through a comparison between the numerical and experimental dynamic responses, in terms of displacements and accelerations of the bridge for the passage of DASH 9[Formula: see text]W Locomotives and GDE wagons. The experimental response obtained from a dynamic test under railway traffic revealed a good agreement with the numerical response.
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Chen, Rong, and Wang Ping. "Dynamic Characteristics of High Speed Vehicle Passing over Railway Turnout on Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1438.
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Based on principle of vehicle-track-bridge dynamic interaction, a dynamic simulation model of a high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) passing over turnout on bridge was established. The calculation focused on 200km/h No.12 improved ballasted turnout (60kg/m rail) being laid on 3×32.0m simply supported beam, it analyze dynamic characteristics of a freight train with 25t axle load passing at speed of 120km/h and those of CRH1 EMUs passing at speed of 200km/h. Results show that: when the freight train passes the turnout through the main line, the vertical stiffness of the simply supported beams is not sufficient due to the relatively high speed and large axle load; when the EMUs passes the turnout on bridge, the dynamic deflection change rates of girders at the switch and frog are great and the turnout is not appropriately set on the bridge, so the frog crosses over the beam gap, which results in the increasing of track irregularity and finally causes derailment coefficient of vehicle to overrun to reduce the running safety; when a train passes the turnout zone on bridge, interaction between the vehicle and turnout is significant because of load fluctuation of the wheel caused by inevitable structural irregularity at the switch and nose rail, and this requires strengthening measurement and running within speed limit.
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Bao, Yulong, Huoyue Xiang, and Yongle Li. "A dynamic analysis scheme for the suspended monorail vehicle–curved bridge coupling system." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 8 (January 20, 2020): 1728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219900302.
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Based on the rigid–flexible coupling method, an original scheme for the dynamic analysis of the vehicle–bridge interaction between suspended monorail trains and horizontally curved bridges is proposed. Considering the compression deformation and contact model of walking tire and guiding tire, the geometric and mechanical coupling relationships between vehicle and bridge are studied, and the dynamic equations of suspended monorail vehicle–bridge interaction are derived. A vehicle–curved bridge coupling vibration system is established according to transformable relationship between the local coordinate system and the global coordinate system in SIMPACK. Considering a curved bridge under passage of suspended monorail vehicles as an example, the influences of critical system parameters, such as the superelevation, vehicle speed, and bridge curve radius, on the dynamic responses of vehicles and the curved bridge are explored. It is shown that the direction of the yawing moment of the front bogie is in accordance with the turning direction of the vehicle, while the yawing moment of the rear bogie is in the opposite direction. The superelevation has great influence on the lateral guiding force and vertical walking force of vehicle, and vehicle speed is a key factor to the running safety of suspended monorail vehicle. In addition, the curve negotiation ability of vehicle is better with the increase in bridge curve radius.
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Тарасова, E. Tarasova, Дорохин, and S. Dorokhin. "ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY VEHICLES." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19537.
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The article describes the basic elements of active and passive safety, as well as their impact on the consequences of road accidents. Shows the interaction of systems of active and passive safe-
ty in the event of a frontal collision, side collision, rear impact, rollover
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Piet, Steven J., Leonid N. Topilski, Hans-Werner Bartels, Andre E. Poucet, and David A. Petti. "ITER inherent/passive ultimate safety margins." Fusion Engineering and Design 42, no. 1-4 (September 1998): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(97)00149-x.
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BELOKUROV, V. P., E. N. BUSARIN, R. A. KORABLEV, and R. A. SPODAREV. "PASSIVE SAFETY OF MOTOR TRANSPORT DEPENDING ON THE." World of transport and technological machines 73, no. 2 (2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-73-2-17-22.
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The interrelation of thermal modes of brake units of transport vehicles on their reliability and durability depending on operational factors of transport is considered. It is assumed that all the kinetic energy of rotating and translationally moving masses in the brake nodes is converted into thermal energy. In this regard, a criterion is used that characterizes the thermal energy released in the brakes and the operational criterion of transport vehicles. Comparison of these criteria makes it possible to evaluate the performance and durability of brake components, as well as to outline ways of their structural perfection depending on heat dissipation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Passive safety. structural interaction"
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Thomas, Gareth, and gareth e. thomas@hotmail com. "Compatibility and structural interaction in passenger vehicle collisions." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070122.125652.
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This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge relating to crash compatibility (the minimisation of injury risk faced by all participants involved in a collision in traffic). The research focuses on the topic of structural interaction in collisions involving passenger vehicles, a phenomenon describing the efficiency of energy dissipation within existing deformation-zones of a passenger vehicle during a collision. A new definition for structural interaction was developed and several metrics to evaluate structural interaction and compatibility in car-to-car collisions were proposed, based on the commonly known Equivalent Energy Speed (EES) metric. The new EES metrics describe equivalent closing velocities for a given collision based on the energy dissipated within the front-ends (EESFF) and the entire structure (EESVV) of both vehicles involved in a head-on collision. These metrics form the basis of the new knowledge generated by this research. Additionally, a new method was developed to measure the amount of energy dissipated through structural deformation in a collision, based on accelerometer readings. This method was applied to several experimental and simulationbased car-to-car collisions and the validity of the method was proven. Based on the energy dissipation which occurred in the car-to-car collisions analysed, the degree of compatibility reached and the level of structural interaction which occurred in each collision was evaluated by applying the newly developed EESFF and EESVV metrics. Thie research also investigates the assessment of vehicles' structures in a standardized procedure with a view to improving structural interaction in the real-world. Several fixed barrier crash tests have been proposed in different configurations and with different assessment criteria. All assessments aim to evaluate the geometrical characteristics of the front-ends of passenger vehicles. A set of factors required from a compatilibility assessment focused on assessing vehicle geometry were identified. The proposed compatibility assessment procedures were evaluated based on their ability to predict the potential for structural interaction offered by passenger vehicles.
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Kale, Amit Anand. "Interaction of conservative design practices, tests and inspections in safety of structural components." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013115.
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Ciminello, Monica. "Semi-passive control strategy using piezo ceramic patches in non linear commutation architecture for structural-accoustice smart systems." Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0668.
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De nombreuses recherches sont aujourd’hui consacrées à l’étude et au développement de stratégies de réduction du bruit et des vibrations. Dans le domaine de l’acoustique comme dans le domaine des vibrations, différentes approches peuvent être envisagées. Une tendance actuelle est d’appliquer des techniques actives qui sont reconnues pour être efficaces sur une large bade de fréquence, mais qui souffrent cependant d’une complexité de mise en oeuvre et d’une nécessité d’un apport d’énergie extérieur qui rendent ces systèmes peu robustes et potentiellement instables. Les techniques passives, qui utilisent par exemple des matériaux isolants, sont quand à elles très efficaces pour les hautes fréquences mais plus limitées en basse fréquence pour un problème de poids et d’encombrement, ce qui peut être un inconvénient dans certaines applications aéronautiques ou aérospatiales où la légèreté est un paramètre primordial. Afin de diminuer le bruit engendré par les vibrations des structures, il est possible d’adopter une approche différente basée sur l’utilisation de systèmes semi-passifs. Cette technique, qui sera utilisée dans ce travail, est réalisée grâce des éléments piézo-céramiques collés à la structure et connectés à un circuit électrique de type shunt résonant avec un interrupteur (switch shunt). L’interrupteur permet d’ouvrir et de fermer le circuit électrique à des moments bien précis de façon à maximiser l’atténuation des vibrations. Par rapport aux systèmes actifs, ce type d’approche est relativement simple à mettre en oeuvre, robuste et stable. De plus, par rapport aux techniques piézoélectriques purement passives, il n’est pas nécessaire de fournir de l’énergie extérieur au système ni d’accorder précisément les composants électrique pour garder une efficacité sur une bande de fréquence relativement large. L’objectif du travail est double. Il s’agit de développer un outil de calcul par éléments finis (basé sur les logiciels Matlab et Nastran) pour simuler la réponse dynamique de système couplés élasto-acoustiques amortis grâce à l’utilisation de pastilles piézoélectriques connectées à un circuit de type shunt avec interrupteur. De plus, des expérimentations sont réalisées de façon à tester un dispositif piézoélectrique original et valider certains développements numériques. Concernant l’expérimentation, une approche originale basée sur l’utilisation d’un tachymètre et de circuits intégrés CMOS (nécessitant une alimentation de 12 V) a été développée. Une adaptation est également proposée pour l’utilisation simultanée de plusieurs patches piézoélectriques. Une modélisation éléments finis d’une structure élastique couplée à une cavité acoustique est tout d’abord réalisée. Les matrices globales des parties fluide, structure et couplage fluidestructure sont extraites du code de calcul Nastran et sont réassemblées dans Matlab selon la formulation classique non symétrique en termes de déplacement de la structure et de pression dans le fluide. Ensuite, la matrice de couplage électro-mécanique est ajoutée pour prendre en compte les effets piézoélectriques. Enfin, le comportement du circuit résonnant avec interrupteur est modélisé et simulé. Etant donné les temps de commutation très courts, une approche temporelle directe (basée sur le shéma de Newmark) a été utilisée de façon à calculer la réponse transitoire du système coupléAmong the different strategies oriented to the noise and vibration control, due to their promising properties in terms of limited required power supply, broad band and no tuneable nature, semi-active switched shunt architectures have well done for themselves. The idea of using piezo transducers to convert mechanical into electrical energy and elaborating related signal within an external time variant electrical circuit, represents the inspiring principle of this type of control. A wide amount of efforts has been spent on the semi-active switched shunt control with specific interest in the “synchronised” one; theoretical, numerical, experimental investigations, proved in different ways pros and cons of applications generally confined to the vibration field, in the low frequency band. Also the idea of extending this control to acoustics has been taken into account: problems like the structure-borne sound have been dealt with, implementing switch logic onto piezo networks mounted on structural components. An interesting industrial application in the field of aeronautics and automotive in general, is the interior sound level reduction: in this case a distribution of piezoelectric transducers suitably collocated may lead to remarkable effects, without excessive power consumption. In the present work, a semi analytic approach aimed at estimating the effects on the reduction of pressure sound level by synchronised switched shunt logic, is described. The displacement field within a 1D longitudinal air column through a Fourier series ;expansion has been formalised by assigning a sinusoidal perturbation and fluid–structure interface condition on the left and right boundaries, respectively. At first, a validation procedure has been implemented: both the convergence of the series coefficients and the satisfaction of boundary and initial conditions have been verified. To simulate the no control operative condition, the solution has been computed for the entire time domain, keeping invariant all circuitry properties; then for the switch working modality, solution has been computed by splitting the entire time domain into partitions, each one delimited by the instants at which the circuit is switched on (i. E. , by maxima and minima of the displacement on the right boundary domain); for any partition, specific circuitry properties (e. G. Piezo voltage, electrical field…) have been selected. Based on displacement information, related sound pressure level has been compared for no controlled and controlled operative conditions, with and without signal amplification
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Hadžalić, Emina. "Analysis of pore pressure influence on failure mechanisms in structural systems." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2502.
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Cette thèse porte sur la sécurité globale des structures en matériaux hétérogènes saturés soumis à des charges extrêmes, et est appliquée à des problèmes d’interaction fluide-structure, tels que l’interaction barrage-réservoir. Un modèle numérique d’interaction est proposé pour prédire les principales tendances et le comportement général d’un barrage en matériau saturé en interaction avec le réservoir dans des analyses de défaillance d’intérêt pratique. Le modèle numérique proposé est d’abord présenté dans un cadre bidimensionnel (2D), puis étendu à un cadre tridimensionnel (3D). La structure est considérée comme un milieu poreux saturé constitué d’un matériau cohésif. On suppose que le fluide externe en interaction avec la structure agit comme une source de saturation des pores. La réponse de la structure en matériau saturé est décrite avec un modèle lattice discrete couplé de type poutre, basé sur la discrétisation du domaine avec la tessellation de Voronoï, où les liens cohésifs sont représentés par des poutres de Timoshenko non linéaires avec un champ de déplacements enrichi en termes de discontinuités fortes. Le couplage entre la phase solide et le fluide dans les pores est traité avec la théorie de Biot et la loi de Darcy décrivant l’écoulement d’un fluide à travers d’un milieu poreux. La prise en compte numérique du couplage interne ajoute un degré de liberté supplémentaire du type pression à chaque nœud de l’élément fini de Timoshenko, qui est ensuite utilisé pour résoudre les problèmes d’interface entre la structure et le fluide. On considère que le fluide externe dans le réservoir est limité à des petits mouvements, ce qui nous permet de le modéliser avec la théorie des ondes acoustiques. Pour cela, la formulation lagrangienne avec l’approximation mixte déplacement-pression est choisie. Le traitement de l’interface fluide-structure dans le modèle numérique d’interaction est résolu d’une manière simple et efficace. Notamment, les éléments finis de la structure et du fluide externe partagent les mêmes degrés de liberté dans les nœuds communs, permettant ainsi la résolution du système d’équations avec une approche de calcul monolithique. Toutes les implémentations et les simulations numériques sont effectués avec la version recherche du code informatique FEAP (Finite Element Analysis Program). Les modèles numériques proposés pour la structure, le fluide externe et le modèle d’interaction sont validés dans le régime élastique linéaire en comparant les résultats calculés avec les valeurs de référence obtenues soit avec des solutions analytiques, soit avec des modèles continus. Les simulations numériques dans le régime non linéaire ont comme but de démontrer les capacités du modèle proposé de capturer la réponse complète à l’échelle macro et les mécanismes de rupture des structures en matériaux saturés. Enfin, la capacité du modèle d’interaction proposé de traiter la défaillance localisée progressive d’un barrage construit en matériau cohésif poreux sous l’interaction barrage-réservoir a été testé pour un programme de chargement spécifique. Pour prendre en compte les effets de la température, le couplage thermique est introduit dans le modèle numérique de la structureThis thesis studies the issue of the overall safety of structures built of heterogeneous and pore-saturated materials under extreme loads in application to fluid-structure interaction problems, such as the dam-reservoir interaction. We propose a numerical model of interaction capable of predicting main tendencies and overall behavior of pore-saturated dam structure interacting with the reservoir in failure analyses of practical interest. The proposed numerical model is first presented in two-dimensional (2D) framework and later extended to three-dimensional (3D) framework. We consider the structure built of porous cohesive material. We assume that the external fluid in interaction with the structure acts as a source of pore saturation. We model the response of the pore-saturated structure with the coupled discrete beam lattice model based on Voronoi cell representation of domain with inelastic Timoshenko beam finite elements enhanced with additional kinematics in terms of embedded strong discontinuities acting as cohesive links. The coupling between the solid phase and the pore fluid is handled with Biot’s porous media theory, and Darcy’s law governing the pore fluid flow. The numerical consideration of internal coupling results with an additional pressure-type degree of freedom placed at each node of the Timoshenko beam finite element, which is later used at the fluidstructure interface. The confined conditions met for external fluid placed in the reservoir enable the modeling of external fluid motion with the acoustic wave theory. For the numerical representation of the external fluid limited to small (irrotational) motion, we choose a Lagrangian formulation and the mixed displacement/pressure based finite element approximation. The end result are the displacement and pressure degrees of freedom per node of external fluid finite elements, which allows for the issue of the fluid-structure interface to be solved in an efficient and straightforward manner by directly connecting the structure and external fluid finite elements at common nodes. As a result, all computations can be performed in a fully monolithic manner. All numerical implementations and computations are performed with the research version of the computer code FEAP (Finite Element Analysis Program). The proposed numerical models of structure, external fluid and ultimately numerical model of interaction are validated in the linear elastic regime of structure response by comparing computed results against reference values obtained either with analytical solutions or continuum models. The numerical simulations in the nonlinear regime of structure response are performed with the aim to demonstrate the proposed coupled discrete beam lattice model capabilities to capture complete macro-scale response and failure mechanisms in pore-saturated structures. Finally, the proposed numerical model of interaction ability to deal with the progressive localized failure of a dam structure built of porous cohesive material under damreservoir interaction for a particular loading program was tested. To account for the temperature effects, the thermal coupling is introduced in the numerical model of the structure
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Zaghlool, Baher SalahElDeen Othman Ahmed. "Behaviour of three-dimensional concrete structures under concurrent orthogonal seismic excitations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1177.
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This thesis is a study into the response and seismic safety of three-dimensional multi-storey concrete structures under concurrent orthogonal seismic excitations. It employs the nonlinear time-history method as its analysis tools. Time-history analyses rely heavily on their utilised earthquake records. Accordingly, this study examines the different approaches of selecting earthquake suites and develops a methodology of selecting representative earthquake scenarios. This methodology is credibly implemented in selecting a far- and a near field suites representative of the New Zealand seismic hazard. The study investigates the response of 6-, 9- and 12-storey concrete structures of different n-X-bays × m-Y-bays. Bidirectional responses of these considered structures are examined and consequently the current combination rules are scrutinised. Consequently this study strongly recommends the use of the 40-percent combination rule in lieu of the widely used 30-percent rule; and the use of time-history analysis in lieu of quasi/equivalent static and response modal analysis methods to avoid their strong dependence on combination rules. An intensive study is conducted employing the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) technique to investigate structural demands of interstorey drifts, lateral storey drifts and storey accelerations. The study utilises the developed far-field suite and identifies the 50th and 90th percentile demands. Hence it provides easy-to-use expressions to facilitate rapid calculation of the structural demands and the effects of biaxial interactions. An implementation into the Demand and Capacity Factor Design (DCFD) format is presented that infers confidence in the performance levels of the considered structures. The study also draws attention to the importance of considering storey accelerations as their storey values reach as high as 10 × PGA. A sensitivity study is conducted by repeating the IDA investigation while using the developed near-field suite. Subsequently a comparison between the near- and the far-field results is conducted. The results were markedly similar albeit of less magnitudes until the (seismic hazard) intensity measure IM = Sa(T₁) = 0.4g when the near-field results show sudden flat large increase in demands suggesting a brittle collapse. This is attributed to the higher content of the higher mode frequencies contained in near-field ground motions. Finally, the study examines the (vectorial) radial horizontal shear demands in columns and beam-column joints of the previous far- and near-field studies. The combined radial shear demands in corner, edge and internal columns and joints are evaluated that roughly show a square-root proportional relationship with IM that exhibit somewhat brittle failure at IM ≥ 0.35g. Shears demands in the (4-way) internal columns and the (2-way) corner joints show highest magnitude in their respective class. The results suggest transverse joint shear reinforcement of 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 of the longitudinal reinforcement of the neighbouring beam respectively for corner, edge and internal joints. An implementation of a proposed practical (and simpler) DCFD format shows satisfactory confidence in columns performance in shear up to IM = 0.35g, conversely to joints unsatisfactory performance in shear at the onset of inelastic behaviour (IM > 0.05g).
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Hilmann, Jörgen [Verfasser]. "On the development of a process chain for structural optimization in vehicle passive safety / vorgelegt von Jörgen Hilmann." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995385076/34.
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Richards, Andrew James. "Tuning the passive structural response of an oscillating-foil propulsion mechanism for improved thrust generation and efficiency." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5036.
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While most propulsion systems which drive aquatic and aerial vehicles today are based on rotating blades or foils, there has recently been renewed interest in the use of oscillating foils for this purpose, similar to the fins or wings of biological swimmers and flyers. These propulsion systems offer the potential to achieve a much higher degree of manoeuvrability than what is possible with current man-made propulsion systems. There has been extensive research both on the theoretical aspects of oscillating-foil propulsion and the implementation of oscillating foils in practical vehicles, but the current understanding of the physics of oscillating foils is incomplete. In particular, questions remain about the selection of the appropriate structural properties for the use of flexible oscillating foils which, under suitable conditions, have been demonstrated to achieve better propulsive performance than rigid foils.
This thesis investigates the effect of the foil inertia, stiffness, resonant frequency and oscillation kinematics on the thrust generation and efficiency of a flexible oscillating-foil propulsion system. The study is based on experimental measurements made by recording the applied forces while driving foil models submerged in a water tunnel in an oscillating motion using servo-motors. The design of the models allowed for the construction of foils with various levels of stiffness and inertia. High-speed photography was also used to observe the dynamic deformation of the flexible foils.
The results show that the frequency ratio, or ratio of oscillation frequency to resonant frequency, is one of the main parameters which determines the propulsive efficiency since the phase of the deformation and overall amplitude of the motion of the bending foil depend on this ratio. When comparing foils of equivalent resonant frequency, heavier and stiffer foils were found to achieve greater thrust production than lighter and more flexible foils but the efficiency of each design was comparable. Through the development of a semi-empirical model of the foil structure, it was shown that the heavier foils have a lower damping ratio which allows for greater amplification of the input motion by the foil deformation. It is expected that the greater motion amplitude in turn leads to the improved propulsive performance. Changing the Reynolds number of the flow over the foils was found to have little effect on the relation between structural properties and propulsive performance. Conversely, increasing the amplitude of the driven oscillating motion was found to reduce the differences in performance between the various structural designs and also caused the peak efficiency to be achieved at lower frequency ratios. The semi-empirical model predicted a corresponding shift in the frequency ratio which results in the maximum amplification of the input motion and also predicted more rapid development of a phase lag between the deformation and the actuating motion at low frequency ratios. The shift in the location of the peak efficiency was attributed to these changes in the structural dynamics. When considering the form of the oscillating motion, foils driven in combined active rotation and translation motions were found to achieve greater efficiency but lower thrust production than foils which were driven in translation only. The peak efficiencies achieved by the different structural designs relative to each other also changed considerably when comparing the results of the combined motion trials to the translation-only cases. To complete the discussion of the results, the implications of all of these findings for the design of practical propulsion systems are examined.Graduate
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Books on the topic "Passive safety. structural interaction"
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Ma, D. C., D. M. Jerome, and Shin-Jung Chang. Structures under extreme loading conditions, fluid-structure interaction, and structural mechanics problems in reactor safety 1999: Presented at the 1999 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, August 1-5, 1999. Edited by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Pressure Vessels and Piping Division and Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (1999 : Boston, Mass.). New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999.
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Applying Systemic-Structural Activity Theory to Design of Human-Computer Interaction Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Jerome, D. M. Structure Under Extreme Loading Conditions, Fluid Structure Interaction, Structural Mechanics Problems in Reactor Safety: 1999 Asme Pressure Vessels ... Massachusetts, August 1-5, 1999 (P V P). Amer Society of Mechanical, 1999.
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Condon, Barrie, and Jennifer MacFarlane. Magnetic resonance imaging. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0024.
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Magnetic resonance imaging employs strong electromagnetic fields that present a variety ofhazards. This chapter considers the interaction of the strong magnetic field with externalferromagnetic objects and those implanted in the body. The interaction of strong RF fieldscan induce currents in wires and cables which can, in certain circumstances, result in burns.By the same mechanism, excessive heating can be caused in passive implanted devicesand the operation of active implants can fail or be critically altered. The direct impact of theMR environment on the human body is described in terms of the effect of (i) the staticmagnetic field, (ii) movement through the static magnetic field, (iii) the heating effects of theRF field, and (iv) the acoustic noise. The risks involved in the use of cryogens are brieflydiscussed. Finally, practical safety procedures are recommended.
Book chapters on the topic "Passive safety. structural interaction"
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Otto, Thomas. "Beam Hazards and Ionising Radiation." In Safety for Particle Accelerators, 55–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57031-6_3.
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AbstractThis chapter treats hazards originating from particle beams. The interaction of charged particle beams with matter is described. Beam loss can cause material damage in structural and electronic components. Ionising radiation is introduced by a description of the different types of radiation. Then, the sources of ionising radiation at accelerators are defined: beam loss is the origin of prompt ionising radiation. Material activated by the passage of particle cascades is a long-lived source of ionising radiation. The chapter is closed with a description of radiation dosimetry and radiation protection at accelerators.
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Lőrincz, Márton. "Passive Bilateral Teleoperation with Safety Considerations." In Human–Robot Interaction, 171–86. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2019]: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315213781-11.
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Wismans, Jac. "Models in Injury Biomechanics for Improved Passive Vehicle Safety." In Crashworthiness of Transportation Systems: Structural Impact and Occupant Protection, 221–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5796-4_10.
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Giovannetti, L. Marimon, J. Banks, S. Boyd, and S. Turnock. "Developing tools for assessing the fluid structure interaction of passive adaptive composite foils." In Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 586–91. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315641645-97.
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Náprstek, Jiří, and Cyril Fischer. "A Ball-Type Passive Tuned Mass Vibration Absorber for Response Control of Structures under Harmonic Loading." In Vibration Control of Structures [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97231.
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Ball-type tuned mass absorbers are growing in popularity. They combine a multi-directional effect with compact dimensions, properties that make them attractive for use at slender structures prone to wind excitation. Their main drawback lies in limited adjustability of damping level to a prescribed value. Insufficient damping makes ball-type absorbers more prone than pendula to objectionable effects stemming from the non-linear character of the system. Thus, the structure and design of the damping device have to be made so that the autoparametric resonance states, occurrence of which depends on system parameters and properties of possible excitation, are avoided for safety reasons. This chapter summarises available 3D mathematical models of a ball-pendulum and introduces the non-linear approach based on the Appell–Gibbs function. Efficiency of the models is then illustrated for the case of kinematic and random excitation. Interaction of the absorber and the harmonically forced simple linear structure is numerically analysed. Finally, the chapter provides examples of typical patterns of the autoparametric response and outlines possibilities of applications in practical engineering.
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Fotek, Michał, Łukasz Gołębiewski, Jarosław Mańkowski, and Piotr Żach. "Analysis of Phenomena in Safety Systems Made of Hyper-Elastic Materials – Selected Issues." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde200096.
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The article describes the process of experience building and knowledge shaping on the example of the study of phenomena occurring in the structure of polymeric safety buffers. A real example has been used as a normative qualification criterion allowing the security team to operate. The analysis of physico-mechanical properties of non-linear polymeric material of cellular structure was performed by considering the proposed mathematical description of the issues, based on experimental bench tests and using computer numerical methods. The work is devoted to extending the knowledge of processes occurring during critical interactions in safety systems based on polymer structures. To develop a methodology for identification of phenomena and design of products dedicated to minimizing the effects of accidents. Propose modern methods of verification and selection of passive safety systems. The conducted works were of a multi-criteria and multidisciplinary character guaranteeing direct translation of results and use of effects in other engineering techniques.
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Laffranchi, Matteo, Nikos G., and Darwin G. "Improving Safety of Human-Robot Interaction Through Energy Regulation Control and Passive Compliant Design." In Human Machine Interaction - Getting Closer. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/27781.
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Kiviluoma, H., and H. Yli-Villamo. "Use of structural monitoring in simulation of train-bridge interaction." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Resilience and Sustainability, 3318–22. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12352-499.
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Praxmarer, L., and M. Reiterer. "Structural health monitoring and passive vibration control of an Austrian road bridge." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, Health Monitoring and Informatics - IABMAS '08. Taylor & Francis, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828434.ch306.
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Bretas, Eduardo Martins. "Numerical Modelling of Masonry Dams Using the Discrete Element Method." In Computational Modeling of Masonry Structures Using the Discrete Element Method, 171–99. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0231-9.ch008.
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This work concerns the numerical modelling of masonry dams using the Discrete Element Method. It begins with a review of the history of masonry dams and their behaviour. A numerical tool based on the Discrete Element Method developed specifically for the structural assessment of masonry dams is then presented. The mechanical calculations performed by the tool are discussed in detail, together with the approach used for the modelling of passive anchors and the modules for seismic analysis and hydromechanical analysis. Structural and hydraulic analyses of a diverse set of existing masonry dams conducted using the tool are then presented. The Discrete Element Method is shown to be capable of reproducing the structural behaviour of masonry dams and identifying their likely failure mechanisms as required for structural safety evaluations.
Conference papers on the topic "Passive safety. structural interaction"
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Zhang, Xiang-yuan, Zhi-jun Shuai, Chen-xing Jiang, Wan-you Li, and Jie Jian. "The Numerical and Experimental Investigation Into Hydraulic Characteristics of a No-Load Running Check Valve due to Fluid-Structure Interaction." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83524.
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Valve is a very important unit in pipeline system. The valve flow fluctuation brings about structural vibration and unpopular noise, and even leads to the safety problems and disasters. In this paper, a special no-load running check valve is investigated. The check valve is structural complex with one inlet and two outlets. It can be simplified as a spring-mass system which manipulates the flow rate by combine action of the ambient pressure of medium and the spring deformation. The three-dimensional model of the valve is established and also the relationship between pressure drops and flow rate of the valve is obtained in various openings and operating conditions. The structure modals were verified by the field tests and thus its fixing boundaries are obtained correctly. The mechanism causing self-excited vibration of a piping system is determined using a dynamic model which couples the hydraulics of internal flow with the structural motion of a three-ports passive check valve. The coupling is obtained by making the fluid flow coefficient at the check valve to be a function of valve plug displacement. The results are compared with the experimental data, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical results. It is shown that the special valve has its own hydraulic characteristics, which greatly influence its flow distribution as it has two outlets. It was also testified that the coupling between fluid and structure changes its natural frequencies and has a non-negligible impact on the pressure fluctuation while working.
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Zhang, Meiying, Thierry Laliberté, and Clément Gosselin. "Force Capabilities of Two-Degree-of-Freedom Serial Robots Equipped With Passive Isotropic Force Limiters." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46486.
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This paper proposes the use of passive force and torque limiting devices to bound the maximum forces that can be applied at the end-effector or along the links of a robot, thereby ensuring the safety of human-robot interaction. Planar isotropic force limiting modules are proposed and used to analyze the force capabilities of a two-degree-of-freedom planar serial robot. The force capabilities at the end-effector are first analyzed. It is shown that, using isotropic force limiting modules, the performance to safety index remains excellent for all configurations of the robot. The maximum contact forces along the links of the robot are then analyzed. Force and torque limiters are distributed along the structure of the robot in order to ensure that the forces applied at any point of contact along the links are bounded. A power analysis is then presented in order to support the results. Finally, examples of mechanical designs of force/torque limiters are shown to illustrate a possible practical implementation of the concept.
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Gershuni, Alexander N., Alexander P. Nishchik, Evgeviy N. Pis’mennyi, Victor G. Razumovskiy, and Igor L. Pioro. "On Experimental Simulation of Passive Evaporation-and-Condensation Systems of Reactor Thermal Shielding." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-61159.
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Object of the study relates to passive safety systems of cooling, heat removal and thermal protection that operate as independent evaporation-condensation (EC) systems and could maintain required thermal conditions of the technological systems of nuclear power cycle. Reliability of the passive systems is provided by absence of moving parts and by their operation based on physical laws of nature, i.e., without any intervention of staff, power supply, and control signals. One of the main features of these systems is their ultimate heat transferring ability. There are hydrodynamic limitations of heat transferring ability connected with provision of coolant circulation in vapor-condensate lines of transportation zone that could be combined into two groups: 1) the crises depending upon quantity and distribution of liquid phase; and 2) the crises affected by hydrodynamic interaction of liquid and vapor phases. The authors undertook investigation of various thermophysical factors limiting this ability, determined and analyzed its regularities, which depend upon thermodynamical conditions, transport ability of capillary structures (if any), and the interaction of vapor and liquid flows of HP coolant. Heat transferring ability of a model of EC system of passive surface cooling and thermal shielding under the conditions of heat supply from radiating surface of reactor simulator to heat pipes as the elements of two-row screen was investigated. The analysis and calculations made by the authors proved the possibility to create an efficient passive evaporation EC system of surface cooling and thermal shielding of reactor unit. Such a system has a number of advantages as compared with known active safety systems (e.g., autonomy, higher reliability, and operational safety), does not require emergency water resources, compressed air systems, numerous valves, etc.). The tests were performed at vertical orientation of HP evaporation zone (condensation zone was above evaporation zone) as a part of the double-row screen. The heat pipe was tested at its location in each of two rows and at two options of condensation zone: vertical and inclined in transportation zone at 20° to horizon. It was found that only insignificant circumferential nonisothermality of heat-pipe surface under steady one-side heat supply in evaporation zone took place. Quite satisfactory agreement of the experimental and predicted values of heat flux transmitted by heat pipes of two-row screen was obtained. The investigation proved efficiency and reliability of EC system of surface cooling and thermal shielding of the reactor equipment.
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Diwakar, Philip, and Jonathan Berkoe. "Safety and Reliability Studies Using Analysis Tools." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37338.
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Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Structural Mechanics (also called Finite Element Analysis of FEA) and a combination of the two — Fluid Solid Interaction (FSI) — have long been used for safety of Personnel in Industry. This paper gives four examples of using these tools for designing equipment and mitigations to provide a safe and amenable working environment for personnel. The first example deals with the use of CFD to resize or relocate exhaust stacks — to prevent personnel working on an adjacent elevated platform being exposed to hot gasses or low oxygen levels — under high wind conditions or the presence of an inversion layer in the atmosphere. The second example is on construction of a retractable protective screen — for personal working on an elevated platform — in the event of a leak of combustive gas from an adjoining unit. CFD is used to determine the length and temperature of the flame while FEA is used to determine the impinging forces half way between the combustion source and the workers to select a suitable flexible retractable screen for protection. A third example is on cooling methane and ethane vapors heated during initial ship loading to prevent flaring caused by pressure build up. Flaring causes several environmental issues such as degradation of vegetation and trees, temperature effects on nearby occupied building, large luminescence, atmospheric disturbances and turbulence on passing aircraft, as well as loss of production. The stresses on the piping network, flanges, valves, pads and shoes — which may lift by Joule-Thompson effect caused temperature differentials — are studied using FEA to ensure the safe operation. A final example is on the use of CFD and FEA to determine the sources of flow-induced and cavitation-induced acoustic noise and vibration and water hammer produced by flow restrictions and flashing of liquid to vapor behind a vee-ball control valve and a ball control valve. The frequencies are extracted from CFD and checked against the natural frequencies from modal analysis and experimental bump test for typical resonant frequencies in the system. Mitigations are proposed to ensure lower noise levels and reduce vibrations in the system for the comfort of personnel working in the vicinity.
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Kolev, Nikolay Ivanov. "External Cooling: The SWR 1000 Severe Accident Management Strategy." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49055.
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This paper provides the description of the basics behind design features for the severe accident management strategy of the SWR 1000. The hydrogen detonation/deflagration problem is avoided by containment inertization. In-vessel retention of molten core debris via water cooling of the external surface of the reactor vessel is the severe accident management concept of the SWR 1000 passive plant. During postulated bounding severe accidents, the accident management strategy is to flood the reactor cavity with Core Flooding Pool water and to submerge the reactor vessel, thus preventing vessel failure in the SWR 1000. Considerable safety margins have been determined by using state of the art experiment and analysis: regarding (a) strength of the vessel during the melt relocation and its interaction with water; (b) the heat flux at the external vessel wall; (c) the structural resistance of the hot structures during the long term period. Ex-vessel events are prevented by preserving the integrity of the vessel and its penetrations and by assuring positive external pressure at the predominant part of the external vessel in the region of the molten corium pool.
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Pitt, E. Bryn, Nabil Simaan, and Eric J. Barth. "An Investigation of Stiffness Modulation Limits in a Pneumatically Actuated Parallel Robot With Actuation Redundancy." In ASME/BATH 2015 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2015-9613.
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Actuation redundancy in parallel mechanisms has been predominantly investigated assuming electromechanical actuators. Pneumatic actuation offers new alternatives to achieving stiffness modulation in parallel robots. This paper investigates the limits of stiffness modulation using two alternatives: modulation of joint-level stiffness using antagonistic pneumatic actuators (passive stiffness modulation) and stiffness modulation using antagonistic actuation at the structure level (active stiffness modulation). A surrogate translational parallel robot architecture, which is a variant of the Delta robot with one redundant kinematic chain, is used in this investigation. A simplified model of a pneumatic double-acting piston actuator is used to establish upper and lower bounds for attainable joint-level stiffness. A kinematic model of the parallel robot is presented along with its passive and active stiffness models. A simulation study is carried out assuming attainable joint-level stiffness based on the simplified pneumatic actuator model. The simulations show that, due to the achievable low pneumatic actuator stiffness, the active stiffness contribution can be as high as 65% of the passive stiffness within the robot workspace. This preliminary investigation suggests that pneumatic actuators are uniquely suited for robot interaction tasks (e.g. assembly or rehabilitation) where stiffness control and modulation can offer increased safety and task-specific end-effector stiffness.
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Li, Shengqiang, Yin Xiong, Yalei Hao, Hongyu Zhu, and Shengyao Jiang. "Studies on Source Effect in Experimental Design for Passive Cooling in Large Cavities Under LOCA conditions." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15139.
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In recent years, most of the advanced Pressurize Water Reactor (PWR) design contains passive cooling features, especially for the containments, which are functioning as the final radioactive emission barriers. To evaluate the best estimation codes for containment design, large scale thermo-hydraulic experimental facilities will be necessary for Code Verification and validation (V&V). Normally, the multi-phase jet is the main source for containment thermo-hydraulic processes under Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) conditions. This paper presents the scaling studies of source effects in large cavity experiment facility design. The similarity in core safety features, such as cavity temperature and pressure, is preserved firstly in the scaling and some dominant design parameters are given. Some primary design features are decided. The jet mass flow rate and heat sink surface ratios are provided for the prevailing parameters for system transient simulation. Based on mass and energy conservative equations, the parameters ratio for jet mass flow rate, jet time scale, jet integral energy, break size and expansion structures size are determined. Furthermore, some transient multidimensional phenomena are also considered. A novel six regions hierarchical model is similarly provided specially for cavity space scaling. The interaction between jet and space natural circulation was modeled. The local heat and mass transfer simulation and system level evaluation are coherence in the experimental design. Based on the preceding results, estimation for distortion on experiments can also be made to evaluate the experimental data deviations from prototype design.
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Sim, Pohguan, Tae Lim, Mark Ewing, and Jerry Swearingen. "Structural-acoustic interaction modeling with passive damping materials for interior noise abatement." In 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2341.
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Dang, Junjie, Daogang Lu, Wenhui Ma, Yu Liu, and Yang Hong. "The Research of the Fluid-Solid Interaction of the Passive Containment Cooling Tank and Shield Building Structure With Seismic Load in AP1000." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15778.
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The passive containment cooling system is the ultimate heat trap and the key to ensure the safe operation of the AP1000 nuclear power plant. It is very important to keep the reliability of the passive containment cooling system (PCS) in the normal conditions and also in the abnormal conditions, especially in earthquakes. Analysis on the fluid-structure interacted characteristics of the passive containment cooling water storage tanks and shield building structure in earthquake is crucial to the assessment of the effectiveness of the PCS. According to the passive containment cooling water storage tanks and shield building structure prototype size, an experiment model was established to analyze the fluid-structure interacted characteristics of the passive containment cooling water tanks and shield building by the numerical method.
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Brennan, Sarah, Allen Bronowicki, Patrick Ryan, Stepan Simonian, William Hurst, Richard McMonagle, and Robert Sweeney. "Control Structure Interaction Testbed: Passive Isolation, Simulation & Test." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1834.