Journal articles: 'Passive participation'

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Solek, Lukas. "Passive Participation in Anticompetitive Agreements." Journal of European Competition Law & Practice 8, no. 1 (August 22, 2016): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpw058.

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Pantic, Mirjana. "Engagement With Live Blogs: When Passive Consumption Overpowers Participation." Electronic News 14, no. 1 (March 2020): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1931243120910449.

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This study investigated citizen participation in live blogs in the changing media ecosystem from the public sphere perspective. The live blog is a web-native, participatory-oriented journalistic genre comprised of brief updates of an event in motion and designed to deliver real-time information from multiple sources about breaking news and scheduled events. To examine participation in this contemporary news format, the current, exploratory study, collected survey responses from 339 volunteers and found that participation was not a motivating factor for readers to engage in live blogging on a deeper level. Other study findings pertaining to participation were also pessimistic, showing that the majority of participants were not personally interested in participating in live blogging. This is an important finding for digital journalism as it implies that the capacity of online platforms to accommodate participation does not necessarily translate into citizens’ willingness to participate.

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de Liaño, Beatriz Gil-Gómez, Orfelio G. León, and David Pascual-Ezama. "Research Participation Improves Student's Exam Performance." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 2 (July 2012): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38865.

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Although there have been several attempts to explore for beneficial effects of research participation in social sciences, most of them have mainly explored satisfaction and students learning perceptions (e.g., Bowman & Waite, 2003). Very few works have studied learning by measuring exam performance. Moreover, participation has been usually conceptualized as a mixture of active and passive participation, including in the same measure different practices such as filling up questionnaires, running experiments or reading and answering questions about a journal article or a scientific conference. The present work tries to determine if there is an advantage due to research participation comparing exam performance, satisfaction and perceived learning of the matter Research Methods in Psychology, in three different groups (non-participating, passive and active participating). As we can see in the results, the mere participation benefits exam performance. Results are discussed in terms of the use of research participation as a new powerful active method in education.

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Xing, Yan, Jing Wen Liu, Bing Xin Li, Ming Zhang, and De Guang Meng. "Research on Public Participation in Urban Planning." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1333.

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Public participation is an effective way in promoting the administration of urban planning. Currently, some existing problems of public participation in urban planning can be seen including weak awareness of participation, passive and monotonous ways of participation, limited participating content, and so on. This article aims at boosting the process of public participation in urban planning by putting forward a three-step strategy in the method of raising, analyzing and solving problems.

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Lutz, Christoph, and Christian Pieter Hoffmann. "The dark side of online participation: exploring non-, passive and negative participation." Information, Communication & Society 20, no. 6 (February 21, 2017): 876–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2017.1293129.

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Dooley, Ken. "Direct Passive Participation: Aiming for Accuracy and Citizen Safety in the Era of Big Data and the Smart City." Smart Cities 4, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010020.

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The public services in our smart cities should enable our citizens to live sustainable, safe and healthy lifestyles and they should be designed inclusively. This article examines emerging data-driven methods of citizen engagement that promise to deliver effortless engagement and discusses their suitability for the task at hand. Passive participation views citizens as sensors and data mining is used to elicit meaning from the vast amounts of data generated in a city. Direct passive participation has a clear link between the creation and the use of the data whereas indirect passive participation does not require a link between creation and use. The Helsinki city bike share scheme has been selected as a case study to further explore the concept of direct passive participation. The case study shows that passive user generated data is a strong indicator of optimum city bike station sizing relative to the existing methods that are already in use. Indirect passive participation is an important area of development; however, it still needs to be developed further. In the meantime, direct passive participation can be one of the tools used to design inclusive services in a way that is safe and an accurate representation of the citizens’ needs.

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Chertoff, Mark E., Robert Goldstein, and Michael R. Mease. "Early Event-Related Potentials with Passive Subject Participation." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 3 (September 1988): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3103.460.

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An oddball paradigm was used to elicit event-related potentials from 10 normal-hearing young adult subjects. The frequent signal (90% probability) was a 1000 Hz tone burst at 75 dB nHL and the oddball signal (10% probability) was a similar tone burst at 60 dB nHL. A mock or control condition in which both frequent and oddball signals were 60 dB nHL also was run. The subjects were given no instructions other than to lie quietly on a cot in a test booth. They were awake throughout the test session. The identical procedure was repeated in a second session at least 24 hr after the first. Subtraction of the frequent (60 dB nHL) from the oddball (60 dB nHL} averaged evoked potential (AEP) in the mock condition yielded virtually a straight line. However, subtraction of the frequent (75 dB nHL) AEP from the oddball (60 dB nHL) AEP revealed a negative difference that peaked at about 175 ms. Subtraction of either the frequent or the oddball AEP obtained in the mock condition from the 60 dB nHL oddball of the experimental condition also produced a negative peak at about 175 ms and, in addition, a smaller negative difference that peaked at about 75 ms. Observations were consistent across sessions.

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Cason, Timothy N., and Anya Samek. "Learning through passive participation in asset market bubbles." Journal of the Economic Science Association 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2015): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40881-015-0013-3.

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Gefen, David, Arik Ragowsky, and Catherine Ridings. "Leadership and justice: Increasing non participating users’ assessment of an IT through passive participation." Information & Management 45, no. 8 (December 2008): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2008.08.001.

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Ságvári, Bence, Attila Gulyás, and Júlia Koltai. "Attitudes towards Participation in a Passive Data Collection Experiment." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 6085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186085.

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In this paper, we present the results of an exploratory study conducted in Hungary using a factorial design-based online survey to explore the willingness to participate in a future research project based on active and passive data collection via smartphones. Recently, the improvement of smart devices has enabled the collection of behavioural data on a previously unimaginable scale. However, the willingness to share this data is a key issue for the social sciences and often proves to be the biggest obstacle to conducting research. In this paper we use vignettes to test different (hypothetical) study settings that involve sensor data collection but differ in the organizer of the research, the purpose of the study and the type of collected data, the duration of data sharing, the number of incentives and the ability to suspend and review the collection of data. Besides the demographic profile of respondents, we also include behavioural and attitudinal variables to the models. Our results show that the content and context of the data collection significantly changes people’s willingness to participate, however their basic demographic characteristics (apart from age) and general level of trust seem to have no significant effect. This study is a first step in a larger project that involves the development of a complex smartphone-based research tool for hybrid (active and passive) data collection. The results presented in this paper help improve our experimental design to encourage participation by minimizing data sharing concerns and maximizing user participation and motivation.

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Johnston, Peter H., and Peter N. Winograd. "Passive Failure in Reading." Journal of Reading Behavior 17, no. 4 (December 1985): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968509547546.

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This paper examines the notion that many of the problems evidenced by poor readers are related to their passive response to the interactive task of reading. An integrative review of research in metacognition, attribution theory, and other related fields supports this notion by emphasizing the roles that appropriate goal-directed intentionality and active participation play in effective reading. Implications for reading instruction are examined and areas in need of research are identified.

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Xu, Xiaodi, Zilong Wang, Yongfeng Zhu, and Xiaochun Luo. "Subject Behavior of Collaborative Innovation in Civil-Military Integration: An Evolutionary Game Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 24, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6698895.

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Based on the evolutionary game mode, this study constructs the evolutionary game model of collaborative innovation in civil-military integration considering the reward-punishment mechanism of the government. The subject behavior of core enterprises and noncore enterprises in the collaborative innovation of civil-military integration is investigated from a microperspective. The results suggest that the key factors influencing the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in collaborative innovation are the level of technology spillover, technology absorption capacity, the share of excess benefits, the reward for active participation in collaborative innovation, and the punishment for passive participation. The game evolution result of the two parties will converge to (actively participate in collaborative innovation, actively participate in collaborative innovation) when the government rewards obtained by the party actively participating in collaborative innovation exceed the technology spillover loss and the excess benefits exceed the difference between the acquired technology spillover and the penalty for passive participation. These findings may provide a decision-making reference for the government to formulate the strategy of collaborative innovation in civil-military integration.

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Brownell, PhD, RN, Catherine A. "An intergenerational art program as a means to decrease passive behaviors in patients with dementia." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2008.0016.

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This study evaluated the impact of participation in an intergenerational art program on the cognitive and emotional responses of adults with dementia. A secondary purpose was to capitalize on existing resources to engage the community in a rural residential care center. The responses of residents participating in a structured art program facilitated by high school students were compared with those offered an individual art activity. Four measures of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses were evaluated. No significant differences were found between the two groups; however, participation in the structured art project increased each session. Residents able to understand and respond to the art activity were likely to become engaged and show interest. Findings suggest that participation in activities at an appropriate functional level may penetrate the apathy and decrease the isolation seen with passive behaviors. Qualitative data revealed positive attitude changes among the high school students regarding older adults, nursing homes, and working with people with dementia.

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Baran, Małgorzata, and Barbara Sypniewska. "The Impact of Management Methods on Employee Engagement." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010426.

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The aim of the paper is to present the findings of our own questionnaire-based quantitative study carried out in 2018. The research questionnaire was sent to companies in the databases of two universities (the database of enterprises cooperating with each university), which were selected according to the criterion of the number of employees (micro, small, medium, and large companies). The study attempted to identify the correlations among the following variables: people-oriented management, non-people-oriented management, direct active and passive participation, and engagement in work. Two research questions drove the research process: (RQ1) What are the links between people-oriented management and non-people-oriented management, direct (active and passive) participation, and work engagement? (RQ2) Does direct participation (active and passive) mediate the relationship between people and non-people-oriented management and employees’ engagement? To this end, 1037 employees of companies operating in Poland reported the intensity of people-oriented management, non-people-oriented management, and direct (active and passive) participation. Research findings revealed that people-oriented management and active participation (i.e., co-deciding) are the most significant for work engagement. Not only does non-people-oriented management entail a low level of engagement but a lower level of direct participation as well. As far as the dimensions of engagement are concerned (i.e., vigour, dedication, and absorption), if one of them is more intense, the other are intense as well. People-oriented management translates into active participation and the latter into engagement in all the three dimensions. A structural equation model demonstrated that perceived people-oriented management and active participation were strong, positive, and significant predictors of work engagement.

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Doran, Robert M. "The Theological Virtues and Participation in Active and Passive Spiration." Lonergan Workshop 25 (2011): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/lw20112525.

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ABD MUTALIB, HAFIZAH, Ifa Rizad Mustapa, and Danilah Salleh. "GAMIFICATION IN CLASSROOM: CREATING MOTIVATIONAL AFFORDANCE TOWARDS ENHANCED PARTICIPATION." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.676.

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The objective of study is to observe if motivational affordance resulting from gamification activity may improve studentsâ€™ participation in classroom. The results from this study shows that students were passive, indifferent and reluctant to participate when traditional lecture was used for learning session. However, when gamification is supplanted to the traditional lecture, the classroom atmosphere changed, where students were found to be participating actively. When being asked on their opinion regarding gamification activity in classroom, students gave remarkable comments on such activity, saying that it is enjoyable, fun, attractive and exciting. Furthermore, students also mention that gamification activity increases participation, improving motivation, creating competition, developing teamwork and bonding between students and lecturer and should be conducted more.

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PETROSYAN, Astghik. "Methodological Analysis of Political Participation Indicator Evaluation Tools." wisdom 2, no. 7 (December 9, 2016): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v2i7.159.

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The article analyzes issues of political participation. The article discusses main stages and features of formation of the concept of political participation in sociology and political science. Definition of political participation is offered based on the analysis of the interpretations available in professional literature. Political participation is involvement of citizens (in the broader sense including public subjects like organizations, groups, etc.) in political processes, decision making ceremonies, as well as citizen influence on the formation of political systems and institutions, their operation, drafting political decision. Several classifications of political engagement are observed: conventional and unconventional; orthodox and unorthodox, offensive; latent and evident; individual and collective; direct and indirect; acceptable active, acceptable passive, unacceptable active and unacceptable passive, and so on. Based on logical operationalization, the toolkit for political participation types and index assessment is analyzed. Proposal is made to implement a more comprehensive and sensitive chart. Some attractive results gained after employing a survey in the RA are presented.

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Mihaila, Iulia, Sigan L. Hartley, Benjamin L. Handen, Peter D. Bulova, Rameshwari V. Tumuluru, Darlynne A. Devenny, Sterling C. Johnson, Patrick J. Lao, and Bradley T. Christian. "Leisure Activity and Caregiver Involvement in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Down Syndrome." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 55, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.2.97.

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Abstract The present study examined leisure activity and its association with caregiver involvement (i.e., residence and time spent with primary caregiver) in 62 middle-aged and older adults with Down syndrome (aged 30–53 years). Findings indicated that middle-aged and older adults with Down syndrome frequently participated in social and passive leisure activities, with low participation in physical and mentally stimulating leisure activities. Residence and time spent with primary caregiver were associated with participation in physical leisure activity. The findings suggest a need for support services aimed at increasing opportunities for participating in physical and mentally stimulating leisure activity by middle-aged and older adults with Down syndrome. These support services should partner with primary caregivers in order to best foster participation in physical leisure activity.

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Jing, Zhang, and Heang Sotheara. "The Values of Virtual Brand Community Engagement of Facebook Brand Page." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, no. 2 (2017): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.32.1002.

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Findings from both virtual brand community (VBC) behaviors provided a good reference, which informs a strategic direction to boost brand performance. The results examined different motives, which were likely to promote VBC participation, and were extended to the degree of VBC engagement. Both passive and active engagement results varied across community types, yet they both created significant brand loyalty and satisfaction providing theoretical and managerial implication into branding literature. The findings from this study offered interesting attention toward the two adopted online engagement behaviors. Passive participation is partially contributed to providing marketing managers a general overview about the nature of lurkers, while active participants have the potential power to convert passive members into the active ones.

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Alfandi, Desrian, Rommy Qurniati, and Indra Gumay Febryano. "Community Participation in Mangrove Management." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1730-41.

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Community participation has an important role in mangrove management because the community is the front guard in maintaining the sustainability of mangroves. This study aims to determine the level and type of participation of Kelompok Paguyuban Peduli Lingkungan (a mangrove group). The research was conducted in January-February 2018 in Sidodadi Village, Teluk Pandan Subdistrict, Pesawaran District, Lampung Province. Data obtained through in-depth and structured interviews were then analyzed qualitatively using Arstein and Hobley Theory. The results show that community participation is at the level of therapeutic participation and the type of passive participation. The involvement of various parties in the planning stage to implementation is needed to encourage increased community participation.Keyword: community participation, level of participation, mangrove, type of participation

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Zhang, Fanshun, Congdong Li, and Cejun Cao. "Mechanism of User Participation in Co-creation Community: A Network Evolutionary Game Method." Complexity 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660568.

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Active participation closely associates with the sustainable operation of co-creation communities. Different from recent studies on the promotion of sustainable operation by identifying the internal and external motivations of user participation, this paper aims to analyze the mechanism regarding how different motivations affect the decision of user participation from group-level perspective. To better understand the mechanism, internal and external motivations are, respectively, captured by return-cost analysis and user interactive network. Afterwards, a network evolutionary game model was formulated to analyze the dynamic strategy selection (e.g., active participation and passive participation) of all users. In addition, the stable equilibrium and evolutionary path of strategies are analyzed through computational experiments. Results indicate the following: (a) Rewards have an influence on the promotion of active participation. However, with the continued growth of rewards, this promotion does not make sense sustainably. (b) The promotional effect of information noise on the selection of active participation can be found when passive participation is the dominant strategy. However, the inhibitory effect can be seen in populations that mainly adopt active participation. (c) The scale-free feature of user interactive network inhibits the selection of active participation when active participation is the dominant strategy in populations. Results found here is beneficial for managers to implement the specified policies and thus to achieve the sustainability of co-creation community.

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Park, HyungGun, Hwasun You, and Jiye Ju. "Searching for the Passive Dimension: Toward a Typology of Citizen Participation." Korean Association of Governance Studies 30, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26847/mspa.2020.30.3.143.

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Pokorny, Steven B., Leonard A. Jason, Michael E. Schoeny, Stephanie M. Townsend, and Carrie J. Curie. "Do Participation Rates Change when Active Consent Procedures Replace Passive Consent." Evaluation Review 25, no. 5 (October 2001): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x0102500504.

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Sit, Jason Kokho, and Dawn Birch. "Entertainment events in shopping malls-profiling passive and active participation behaviors." Journal of Consumer Behaviour 13, no. 6 (May 19, 2014): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.1487.

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Rabi'e, M., and Siti Nurhidayati. "Pengembangan Model Pengembangan Model Pembangunan Budaya Antikorupsi Berbasis Keluarga di Kelurahan Prenggan, Kota Yogyakarta." INTEGRITAS 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v4i1.151.

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The approach of this research are research and development approach which aims to enlarge the given model. The data retrievement technique are observation, an in-depth interview, and document observation. The result of the research shows PBAK program which based on the family in Prenggan is already work but less maximum. The indicators of this research are: first, the minimum stakeholders participation, especially the local government and the young organization, the only active participation comes from the volunteers and the passive participation comes from the target family. Second, the continuation of program constrains by the low understanding of local government, a little amount of human resourcer both in quantity and quality, not independent financial aspect, there are no supporting policy from the local government, low regeneration of KPK volunteers in Prenggan. Therefore, the researcher offers a model enlargement alternative which is the implementation of participative and sustainable program. This result is based on the given main model, which is the partial model because there are no sustainable briefing, and also the low participation of the stake holders. Keywords: The model enlargement, program implementation, participative, sustainable

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Jacobson, Carol. "Narrow QRS Complex Tachycardias." AACN Advanced Critical Care 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-2007-3005.

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Narrow QRS complex tachycardias are either atrioventricular (AV) nodal passive or AV nodal active. AV nodal passive tachycardias do not require the participation of the AV node in maintenance of the tachycardia. Examples are atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. Treatment is directed at ventricular rate control with calcium channel blockers or β-blockers. AV nodal active tachycardias require active participation of the AV node in maintaining the tachycardia. Examples include AV nodal reentry tachycardia and circus movement tachycardia using an accessory pathway. Treatment with a vagal maneuver or adenosine usually terminates the tachycardia. Recognition of these tachycardias is reviewed.

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Fatihah Mohd Fauzi, Nurul, and Dimas B. E. Dharmowijoyo. "Activity-travel participation, multitasking in travel and daily well-being." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927003014.

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Using hierarchical liniear regression and multi-dimensional three-week household time-use and activity diary, this study investigated the interaction among spatiotemporal variables on percentage time of engaging multitasking in travel, and how endogenous of percentage time of engaging multitasking in travel interact with other spatiotemporal variables on individuals’ daily subjective well-being. Different from descriptive analysis result, the result in using hierarchical linear regression shows that having tighter time-space constraints tend to positively correlate with performing multitasking activities within travel more often. Moreover, the ones who peform more trips such as the youngest travellers and someone from middle income tend to perform multitasking activities in travel more often. Endogenous of percentage time of engaging multitasking in travel shows positive correlation on improving someone’s daily well-being, as expected. In term of policy implication, undertaking passive leisure within travel can be suggested to improve someone’s daily well-being. The opportunity to undertake passive leisure within travel can be an advantage of using public transport.

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Karkarna, M. Z., and M. N. Danjuma. "Community Participation in Wildlife Management in Baturiya Sanctuary, Northwestern Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0169.

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Human benefits from wildlife are apparently declining over decades as the extent and intensity of threat to protected areas continue. This study assessed nature of community participation in wildlife management in Baturiya Sanctuary with a view to providing information for active participation of communities in the management of this area. A total of five communities namely: Shinge (4km west), Illala (12km west), Kokiro (3km east), Zigobiya (7km east) and Abanaguwa (5km north) were purposively sampled based on their proximity to the sanctuary. Snowball sampling technique was used to select fifty-seven (57) participants for the survey. Questionnaire and Interview were conducted to elicit the knowledge and perspectives of participants on the role of community in wildlife management. Numerical values were analysed in percentage while chi-square was used to test the levels of participation among communities. Findings of this study indicate that only 18 of the 57 sampled participants are involved in wildlife management. It also shows that there is decrease and extinction of wildlife especially birds, primates and reptiles in the sanctuary. The study also found four categories of participants: active-voluntary, active-institutional, passive-voluntary and passive-institutional. It shows that 37.50% active and 62.50% are passive participants respectively. Benefits of community participation include control of poaching (43.85%) and control of trade in parts of animals (25%). Majority of the participants (83.33%) engage in wildlife management voluntarily based on perceived benefits derived from the sanctuary. Poor governance (43.85%) and weak community institutions (31.57%) are the main limitations to community participation in wildlife management. This study therefore recommended that community leaders and youth should be strengthened and officially recognized as stakeholders in wildlife management and governance of natural resources in Nigeria at large.

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Schubert, James N. "Age and Active-Passive Leadership Style." American Political Science Review 82, no. 3 (September 1988): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962489.

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The relationship between age and active-passive leadership style is analyzed with direct observational data describing the behavior of a sample of 24 mayors during issue discussion and debate on their councils over a one-year period of meetings. Activity, measured as a time-based rate of verbal participation, was found to increase with the age of leaders to a high in the midfifties, and to decline for older mayors in their sixties and seventies. Political experience interacted with age to affect activity. Inexperienced mayors displayed a less active style, regardless of age; but experienced mayors in their sixties and seventies had the least active style of all. These findings held up under control f or group size, political structure on the councils, and community characteristics.

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SHARDLOW, MARIAN BARNES &. POLLY. "From passive recipient to active citizen: Participation in mental health user groups." Journal of Mental Health 6, no. 3 (January 1997): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638239718824.

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Bynum, Autumn, Reuben Kline, and Oleg Smirnov. "Passive non-participation versus strategic defection in a collective risk social dilemma." Journal of Theoretical Politics 28, no. 1 (July 10, 2015): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629815586880.

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Öberg, Johanna, and Jalal Nouri. "Pupils Participation in a Technology-Rich Environment: A Study of Pupil Perspective on Learners’ and Teachers’ Roles." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 10 (May 25, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i10.20093.

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It has been argued that participation as involvement as well as taking part in decision making is a fundamental part of learning. The first large arena for experiencing this for many young people is the school. This paper investigates how 16 pupils at grade eight view their own and their teacher’s role when it comes to facilitating participation. The pupils are interviewed the semester after a long researcher led participation project and the interviews are analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis identifies four different types of participation from the pupils’ responses. These four types can be connected to passive and active participation as well as participation as involvement and participation as influence.

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Matysek-Imielińska, Magdalena. "Partycypacja czy emancypacja? Zamiast Wprowadzenia." Prace Kulturoznawcze 20 (March 27, 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.20.1.

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Participation or Emancipation? Instead of an IntroductionThis article provides arguments why the category of participation should be reconsidered today. The conceptualisation of participation in culture in the area of different cultural turns has led to the development of various strategies for activating a culture participant. The consequences of transforming the assumed passive attitude into active might be regarded, after Markus Miessen, as the nightmare of participation. I consider whether Jacques Rancière’s proposal of “the emancipated spectator” shall be treated as an attempt to get out of this nightmare.

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Shimitras, Leah, Ellie Fossey, and Carol Harvey. "Time Use of People Living with Schizophrenia in a North London Catchment Area." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 66, no. 2 (February 2003): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260306600202.

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Time use provides one means to study the lifestyles and community participation of people with disabilities. Previous clinical studies suggest that people with a mental illness experience difficulty in using their time meaningfully. This study examines the time use of 229 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia from an epidemiological survey in London, England. Twenty-four hour time budgets were collected and time use was calculated for 10 major categories of occupations. Few of the participants were engaged in work, active leisure, education or volunteer occupations, their predominant occupations being sleeping, personal care and passive leisure. The women spent significantly more time in domestic occupations and less time in passive leisure occupations than the men. The younger participants spent significantly more time in social occupations than the other age-groups. The older participants, and those attending day centres, spent most time in passive leisure. These findings indicate that many people diagnosed with schizophrenia are not engaged in occupations that support active lifestyles or social inclusion, highlighting the need to improve their opportunities to participate in mainstream social, active and productive occupations. Occupational therapists must work with service users and agencies beyond the mental health system to enable service users' participation in such occupations. Barriers to participation also require further exploration to address these occupational needs better.

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Pleshkevich, I. B. "TYPOLOGY OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SPACE." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-1-43-50.

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The relevance of the study is determined by the features of urban space management: the tendency to self-organization of the city is accompanied by the participation of citizens in the processes of transforming the urban environment. The article discusses the features of the process of involving citizens in changing the urban environment; the aim of the study is to build a typology of citizen participation in the development of urban space. Particular attention is paid to the issues of interaction and harmonization of interests of municipal authorities and city residents. The research methodology is based on the principles of social constructivism and phenomenology, with the help of which it was possible to identify the motives and types of citizen participation in the development of urban space. The main results were the identification of the main ways of citizen participation in changing the city - active and passive, as well as building a typology of residents according to their degree of participation and interest in the development of urban space. Three main types were identified - detached, interested, decisive. In general, we can talk about the predominance of passive forms of citizen participation in the life of the city, as well as the actualization of the problem of civic activity: the emergence and active spread of online forms of civic activity makes us take a new look at the usual traditional offline forms.

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Moran, Kate A. "Kant on Traveling Blacksmiths and Passive Citizenship." Kant-Studien 112, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2021-0004.

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Abstract Kant makes and elaborates upon a distinction between active citizenship and passive citizenship. Active citizens enjoy the right to vote and rights of political participation generally. Passive citizens do not, though they still enjoy the protection of the law as citizens. Kant’s examples have left commentators puzzling over how these distinctions follow from his stated rationale or justification for active citizenship, namely, that active citizens possess a kind of political and economic self-sufficiency. This essay focuses on one subset passive citizenry – that of traveling blacksmiths, barbers, and day laborers in order to examine Kant’s distinctions. I argue that these examples show that Kant’s concerns regarding dependence are, at least in some cases, pragmatic rather than political.

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Koch, Carina, Sigrid Bekmeier-Feuerhahn, Paula Maria Bögel, and Ulrike Adam. "Employees’ perceived benefits from participating in CSR activities and implications for increasing employees engagement in CSR." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-12-2017-0123.

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Purpose The involvement of employees in a company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR program) is one of the key factors for its success. Hence, it is important to understand employees’ reactions to participatory CSR activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine what kinds of benefits employees perceive from participating in CSR, to identify varying levels of participation and to discuss the reciprocal relationship between the perception of benefits and participation. Design/methodology/approach Based on semi-structured interviews with employees, the structuring content analysis resulted in a differentiated examination of perceived benefit clusters (classified as functional, emotional and meaning and morality) and in a clustered exploration of varying levels of participation (cognitive and behavioral). Findings The findings reveal that employees perceived all three clusters of benefits in relation to no/low, passive, active and enthusiastic levels of participation. The data provide insights into the relationship between perceived benefits and varying levels of participation, with a balanced and differentiated perception of benefits seeming to relate to higher levels of participation. However, employees may also benefit without a behavioral form of participation, for instance, from an improved team spirit. Originality/value Due to its methodological approach, this empirical study provides a rich picture of employees’ benefits according to varying levels of participation. The paper contributes to current CSR literature by examining self-oriented benefits, through identifying differing levels of participation, and by discussing their reciprocal relation. These findings contribute to research and practice through the implications for promoting sustainability approaches within companies.

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Glass, G. K., B. Reddy, and N. R. Buenfeld. "The participation of bound chloride in passive film breakdown on steel in concrete." Corrosion Science 42, no. 11 (November 2000): 2013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(00)00040-8.

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Williams, James, Robert Bosselman, Jessica L. Hurst, and Tianshu Zheng. "Passive Leadership Is Unlikely Among Hospitality Managers With High-Level Youth Sports Participation." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education 25, no. 1 (January 2013): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2013.777586.

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Arab, L., S. Steck-Scott, and P. Bowen. "Participation of Lycopene and Beta-Carotene in Carcinogenesis: Defenders, Aggressors, or Passive Bystanders?" Epidemiologic Reviews 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a000803.

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Amnå, Erik, and Joakim Ekman. "Standby citizens: diverse faces of political passivity." European Political Science Review 6, no. 2 (June 17, 2013): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175577391300009x.

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The current debate on political participation is bound to a discussion about whether citizens are active or passive. This dichotomous notion is nurtured by an extensive normative debate concerning whether passivity is an asset or a threat to democracy; and it is especially manifest in studies of young people's political orientations. Drawing on this discussion, the present study goes beyond the dichotomy by keeping political interest conceptually separate from participation in order to improve our understanding of political passivity. Multivariate cluster analysis of empirical data on Swedish youth suggests that we need to consider three distinctive forms of ‘political passivity’. In the paper we present empirical evidence not only of the existence of a particular ‘standby citizen’, but also of two kinds of genuinely passive young people: unengaged and disillusioned citizens. Alongside active citizens, these people are in distinctly different categories with regard to their political behavior. This entails a new analytical framework that may be used to analyze an empirical phenomenon that has received surprisingly little attention in the literature on political participation and civic engagement.

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Sanz-Blas, Silvia, Enrique Bigné, and Daniela Buzova. "m-WOM in a brand’s Facebook fan page." Online Information Review 41, no. 7 (November 13, 2017): 936–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-08-2016-0237.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of the following variables: brand fan page dependency; parasocial interaction; attitude towards brand fan pages in enhancing users’ participation in Facebook as a mobile social network (m-WOM). Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was carried out by means of online interviews with structured questionnaires. To analyse the data, and estimate the hypothesised relationships in the theoretical model, the partial least squares equation modelling was used. Findings The results of the study indicate that accessing brands’ mobile Facebook fan pages can satisfy the needs of understanding, orientation and play. These needs, in turn, influence users’ attitude, as well as their active and passive participation. Besides, users’ active participation in brands’ fan pages is enhanced by the direct and positive influence of attitude and passive participation. Practical implications This research enables brands to know which aspects to highlight in their communication strategies in order to increase the user’s active participation and generate m-WOM. Brands need to post information which is not only relevant, but also entertaining and visually attractive. Furthermore, they should foster the user-brand interaction to achieve users’ engagement with the brand. Originality/value The contribution of the present research is threefold. First, it offers a new perspective in explaining eWOM participation in mobile settings based on social networks. Second, it is argued that dependency is a key driver in explaining m-WOM. Lastly, integrating parasocial integration in the authors’ model highlights the communication nature of the word-of-mouth process.

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Wood, Caitlin Noelle. "Young People’s Participation in Envisioning Community Change:." Canadian Journal of Children's Rights / Revue canadienne des droits des enfants 5, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 116–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjcr.v5i1.1252.

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Abstract It is vitally important that Indigenous youth are provided a forum to express and share their expertise and knowledge on all matters that affect and impact their lives. Through the use of photo-voice, this qualitative study provided the space for eleven youth from (location withheld for review) to share their perspectives on their community and environment, their lives, and how they conceptualize childhood. Employing the theoretical frameworks of the Sociology of Childhood, children’s rights, desire-centred research framework, and an Indigenous culturally responsive method, four over-arching themes emerged – the importance of: i) relationships; ii) health and well-being; iii) knowledge; and iv) community and culture. The youth in this study demonstrated their capacity to identify and share their unique perspectives on their community and proficiencies in assessing their community’s strengths and challenges – further demonstrating that youth are not merely passive subjects of social structures, but competent citizens able to contribute to change in authentic ways.

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Carvalho, Camila Fernandes da Silva, Isaiane da Silva Carvalho, Rosineide Santana de Brito, Allyne Fortes Vitor, and Ana Luísa Brandão de Carvalho Lira. "The partner as a caregiver in the birth process." Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste 16, no. 4 (August 4, 2015): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2015000400019.

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Objective: to analyze the scientific production about the role of the man as a caregiver during the birth process of his partner. Methods: integrative review held in electronic databases Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Latin American and Caribbean in Health Sciences. Results: there were 389 scientific articles located, of which 26 studies were selected that showed active roles - physical and emotional support - and passive roles – spectator or total lack of viewer participation – of the partner during the birth process. The monitoring of this event by the father is considered positive experience. However, the lack of incentive limits their active participation. Conclusion: despite the historical, religious, cultural, institutional or individual barriers, there is a desire to actively participating in the child´s birth, even though sometimes parents are unprepared to provide the support they would like.

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Blendell, Rona, and Omorogieva Ojo. "Evaluation of the Factors that Promote Improved Experience and Better Outcomes of Older Adults in Intermediate Care Setting." J — Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal 3, no. 1 (February 8, 2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j3010004.

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The aim of this article was to identify the main contributing factors to optimising improved experience and better outcomes for older adults participating in intermediate care setting. Background: Intermediate care is an integrated team intervention for patients experiencing an acute change in their function and well-being. Crisis intervention is one of several intermediate care pathways and provides a timely, person-centred, goal setting assessment to determine appropriate care and support for patients in the community. Method: This systematic review was conducted using key search terms and Boolean operators. A Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used to evaluate the studies and the data was extracted and synthesised systematically to develop themes relating to the research question. Results: Seven qualitative primary research studies and one mixed methods study were identified. The main themes were ‘communicating with patients’ and ‘patient participation’. Results showed neither themes are parallel entities but co-dependent. Patient-centred approaches to communication by professionals encouraged active patient participation, in turn optimising patient outcomes. Conclusion: This review showed that patient participation in intermediate care requires professionals using advanced communication skills and taking time to actively listen to what is important to the patients. In addition, poor professional communication resulted in passive patient participation. Implications for future practice are discussed.

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Sururi, Ahmad. "INOVASI KEBIJAKAN PARTISIPASI PUBLIK DALAM PENGELOLAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA (STUDI PADA KAWASAN EKOWISATA SITUTERATE DESA SITUTERATE KECAMATAN CIKANDE KABUPATEN SERANG)." Jurnal Administrative Reform 6, no. 3 (January 21, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.52239/jar.v6i3.1905.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze how public participation in handling and management of Ecotourism Area and develop innovation model of public participation policy in Management and Development of Ecotourism Area Situterate Cikande Sub-District, Serang District. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with primary data collection techniques in the form of interview, observation and documentation. The results showed that public participation in tourism handling and management in the ecotourism area Situterate Cikande Serang Regency has not been done optimally, the public is still positioned as an object, passive and not yet have a high level of awareness in the management and development of ecotourism areas. Keyword: Policy Innovation, Public Participation, Tourism

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Idaszak, Jacqueline R. "Human Operators in Automated Systems: The Impact of Active Participation and Communication." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 13 (October 1989): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301302.

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Operator-system participation and operator-operator communication were manipulated to investigate the effects of increases in active participation on operator monitoring and problem-solving performance. 112 subjects worked as operators of a simulated process system. Operators worked in teams of two on both a monitoring task and, after the system failed, a diagnostic task. The results of this study suggest that active participation in the system improved both monitoring and diagnostic performance while reducing boredom during monitoring and stress while diagnosing a failure. Communication tended to facilitate performance of active participants but degrade performance of passive participants.

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Ward, William B., and Alfred K. Neumann. "Participation in Child Health and Family Planning Activities in Rural Southern Ghana." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 8, no. 1 (April 1987): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pvyf-3yvc-brht-2gme.

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A variety of child health and family planning activities, conducted by the Danfa Project in Ghana, were evaluated from a behavioral standpoint to determine features of programs which encourage participation by village mothers. Interest, intent to participate, and actual participation rates were measured. Contrary to expectations, activities which demand greater participation were more popular than more passive activities which involved lectures. Activities related to child health were better received than family planning activities alone. Barriers to participation which were best predictors of actual participation included “selling goods in town,” “cooking,” or “busy with housework.” That these were ranked by respondents as weak barriers suggests that it didn't take much to dissuade mothers from participation in those activities that they felt had little merit. Study findings suggest a need for greater integration of activities into village schedules, more systematic targetting of activities to high-risk groups, more activities demanding greater participation, and direct promotion of activities through influential individuals (community leaders, traditional healers).

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Ismail, Ronaldi. "Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Pengembangan dan Pengelolaan Jaringan Irigasi di Daerah Irigasi Way Umpu Kabupaten Way Kanan." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 12, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v12i1.11459.

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Problem faced by the government regarding Development and Management of Irrigation Network program is the implementation have many weakness, which look at the low participation. Including a sense of belonging is low to existing irrigation networks. Public already familiar with the system development from top to bottom (top down) and passive waiting for the program and existing orders. yhe aim of research is to analyze the form and level of society participation and to know what factors influence community participation in Development and Management of Irrigation Network program at Way Umpu Irrigation Area, Way Kanan regency. This research used quantitative descriptive analysis support with qualitative analysis. Based on this study, its found that the participation in form energy, money and material, dominant forms of community participation is energy, followed by donations of money and material donations. Overall level of public participation in Development and Management of Irrigation Network program at the third level of eight Arnstein participation ladder. its mean at informing level and degree of tokenism.

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Ryghaug, Marianne, Tomas Moe Skjølsvold, and Sara Heidenreich. "Creating energy citizenship through material participation." Social Studies of Science 48, no. 2 (April 2018): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312718770286.

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Transitions towards low-carbon energy systems will be comprehensive and demanding, requiring substantial public support. One important contribution from STS is to highlight the roles of citizens and public engagement. Until recently, energy users have often been treated as customers and passive market actors, or as recipients of technology at the margins of centralized systems. With respect to the latter role, critical or hesitant public action has been explained in terms of NIMBYism and knowledge deficits. This article focuses on the production of energy citizenship when considering public participation in low-carbon energy transitions. We draw upon the theory of ‘material participation’ to highlight how introducing and using emergent energy technologies may create new energy practices. We analyze an ongoing introduction of new material objects, highlighting the way these technologies can be seen as material interventions co-constructing temporalities of new and sustainable practices. We argue that artefacts such as the electric car, the smart meter and photovoltaic panels may become objects of participation and engagement, and that the introduction of such technologies may foster material participation and energy citizenship. The paper concludes with a discussion about the role of policies for low-carbon energy transitions on the making of energy citizenship, as well as limits of introducing a materially based energy citizenship.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Passive participation'

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