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Journal articles on the topic 'Passive levitation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Kim, Chang Hyun, Ki Jung Kim, Younghak Lee, Hyung Suk Han, and Doh Young Park. "Dynamic Simulation of Discontinuously Arranged Electromagnets for Passive Tray Levitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.341.

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For a highly clean vacuum environment, magnetic levitation is plausible technology because of its noncontact nature. Especially, due to the potential occurrence of an electric spark in spite of low voltage in a vacuum a passive tray without any circuits is required. In consideration of spatial limitation and cost reduction, the electromagnets of the passive tray levitation should be located discontinuously. This paper presents the characteristic analysis of the passive tray levitation system according to an interval of discontinuously arranged electromagnets. For doing this, the 3D dynamic model, which consists of the mechanical components, joints, and force elements, is proposed to predict the levitation stability.

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2

Romero, L. A. "Passive Levitation in Alternating Magnetic Fields." SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 63, no. 6 (January 2003): 2155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s003613990241031x.

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3

Sun, R. X., J. Zheng, L. J. Zhan, S. Y. Huang, H. T. Li, and Z. G. Deng. "Design and fabrication of a hybrid maglev model employing PML and SML." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 25 (October 10, 2017): 1745014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921745014x.

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A hybrid maglev model combining permanent magnet levitation (PML) and superconducting magnetic levitation (SML) was designed and fabricated to explore a heavy-load levitation system advancing in passive stability and simple structure. In this system, the PML was designed to levitate the load, and the SML was introduced to guarantee the stability. In order to realize different working gaps of the two maglev components, linear bearings were applied to connect the PML layer (for load) and the SML layer (for stability) of the hybrid maglev model. Experimental results indicate that the hybrid maglev model possesses excellent advantages of heavy-load ability and passive stability at the same time. This work presents a possible way to realize a heavy-load passive maglev concept.

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4

Bachovchin, Kevin D., James F. Hoburg, and Richard F. Post. "Stable Levitation of a Passive Magnetic Bearing." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, no. 1 (January 2013): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2012.2209123.

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5

Bassani, Roberto. "Levitation of passive magnetic bearings and systems." Tribology International 39, no. 9 (September 2006): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.10.003.

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6

Bassani, Roberto. "Earnshaw (1805–1888) and Passive Magnetic Levitation." Meccanica 41, no. 4 (August 2006): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-005-4503-x.

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7

Xu, Xiao Zhuo, Xiao Feng Qin, and Xu Dong Wang. "Characteristics Analysis of a Novel Detent-Force-Based Magnetic Suspension System." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2644.

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A novel Detent-force-based Magnetic Suspension System (DMSS) is presented. The topological structure and operating principle of DMSS are analyzed. The characteristics of the axial, radial force and magnetic field and torsion moment are studied with FEA method respectively. Simulation results show that the DMSS can generate larger levitation force than common levitation systems, and its levitation mode is a passive suspension in the axial direction and torsion without external control.

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8

Lee, Ji-Hoon, Yun-Joo Nam, and Myeong-Kwan Park. "Magnetic Fluid Actuator Based on Passive Levitation Phenomenon." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 22, no. 3 (February 2011): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11399487.

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9

Feng, Lin, Shengyuan Zhang, Yonggang Jiang, Deyuan Zhang, and Fumihito Arai. "Microrobot with passive diamagnetic levitation for microparticle manipulations." Journal of Applied Physics 122, no. 24 (December 28, 2017): 243901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5005032.

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10

Detoni, JG. "Progress on electrodynamic passive magnetic bearings for rotor levitation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 10 (November 17, 2013): 1829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213511798.

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Electrodynamic suspension exploits repulsive forces due to eddy currents to produce positive stiffness by passive means, without violating the Earnshaw stability criterion. Systems employing this principle to levitate a rotor radial and/or axial degrees of freedom are called electrodynamic bearings (EDBs). Since the eddy currents can be induced either by using alternating current supplied electromagnets or by the relative motion between a conductor and a constant magnetic field, the research on EDBs has developed many different configurations. The present paper reviews the literature on electrodynamic passive magnetic bearings to analyze the evolution of this technology toward completely passive, stable, rotor levitation, and to compare the EDBs performance with other common magnetic bearing technologies. Radial and axial EDB technologies are reviewed attempting to create an organized connection between the works and to discuss some critical issues that still preclude the use of EDBs in industrial applications.

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11

Takahashi, Motohiro. "Design Concept and Structural Configuration of Magnetic Levitation Stage with Z-Assist System." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0706.

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Magnetic levitation technology is expected to provide a solution for achieving nanometer-scale positioning accuracy. However, magnetic leakage limits the application of the magnetic levitation stage. To reduce magnetic density, motors should be installed at an appropriate distance from the table. This increases the axis interference between the horizontal thrust and the pitching, making it difficult to achieve stable levitation. In this study, a magnetic levitation stage system that has a unique motor structure fusing a gravity compensation function and pitching moment compensation is proposed. This compensation mechanism operates automatically using the passive magnetic circuit structure, ensuring that noises from the coil current and the timing gaps do not affect the driving characteristics and that neither wiring nor sensors are required. The basic characteristics were evaluated through the driving experiments, and the efficiency of the proposed gravity and pitching moment compensation system was demonstrated.

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12

Impinna, Fabrizio, Joaquim Girardello Detoni, Nicola Amati, and Andrea Tonoli. "Passive Magnetic Levitation of Rotors on Axial Electrodynamic Bearings." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, no. 1 (January 2013): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2012.2209124.

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13

Falkowski, Krzysztof, and Maciej Henzel. "High Efficiency Radial Passive Magnetic Bearing." Solid State Phenomena 164 (June 2010): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.164.360.

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Passive magnetic bearing with Halbach array is presented in this paper. The array uses permanent magnets with radial and axial magnetization to augment the magnetic field on one side of the array and cancel it on the other side. The design of the bearing consists of ring-shaped magnets of 60x70 mm and 75x85 mm with different orientation of magnetization. The designed passive magnetic bearing has air gap of 2.5 mm, stiffness 129297 N/m and maximal value of load 200 N. The bearing ensures magnetic levitation and stabilization of rotor in a work point. The paper presents the design of the passive magnetic bearing as well as the experimental setup together with investigation results.

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14

Kou, Baoquan, Yiheng Zhou, Xiaobao Yang, Feng Xing, and He Zhang. "Electromagnetic and Mechanical Characteristics Analysis of a Flat-Type Vertical-Gap Passive Magnetic Levitation Vibration Isolator." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5327207.

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In this paper, we describe a flat-type vertical-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator (FVPMLVI) for active vibration isolation system (AVIS). A dual-stator scheme and a special stator magnet array are adopted in the proposed FVPMLVI, which has the effect of decreasing its natural frequency, and this enhances the vibration isolation capability of the FVPMLVI. The structure, operating principle, analytical model, and electromagnetic and mechanical characteristics of the FVPMLVI are investigated. The relationship between the force characteristics (levitation force, horizontal force, force ripple, and force density) and major structural parameters (width and thickness of stator and mover magnets) is analyzed by finite element method. The experiment result is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

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15

Sass, Felipe, Guilherme Gonçalves Sotelo, Alexander Polasek, and Rubens de Andrade. "Application of 2G-Tape for Passive and Controlled Superconducting Levitation." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 21, no. 3 (June 2011): 1511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2103539.

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16

Li, Shengbo Eben, Jin-Woo Park, Jae-Won Lim, and Changsun Ahn. "Design and control of a passive magnetic levitation carrier system." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 16, no. 4 (April 2015): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0092-3.

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17

Antonov, Yuri F. "Levitation and Lateral Stabilization Device Based on a Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor." Transportation Systems and Technology 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201954115-123.

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The superconducting levitation device comprises a stationary magnetic rail of permanent magnets and a cryostat on a vehicle with a second-generation high-temperature tape superconductor placed in the cryostat, folded in a stack or wound by a coil on a non-magnetic frame without electrical connection of the ends and the transport current. Cool tape high-temperature superconductor of the second generation, folded in a stack or wound on a non magnetic frame in the form of axisymmetric or track coil, without electric connections of the ends and a transport current, behaves as a massive sample of a superconductor and the Meissner Oxenfeld effect, the magnetic field created by the magnetic rail is displaced from the volume of the superconductor, causing the power of levitation and the vehicle hangs over the track structure. The high critical parameters of the second-generation high-temperature superconductor belt ensure efficient operation of the superconducting levitation device. Aim: To demonstration the technical feasibility and efficiency of creating a levitation unit based on the use of a second-generation high-temperature superconductor and permanent magnets made of rare earth metals. Methods: Calculations of the magnetic field distribution in the combination of a magnetic rail and a massive superconductor, preliminary design of the levitation unit and experimental studies on the model. Results: Experiments on a model of a superconducting levitation device confirmed the efficiency of this technical solution and its effectiveness. Conclusion: an original technical solution is proposed that allows to significantly improve the energy characteristics of the levitation node by using a second-generation high-temperature superconductor operating in a passive mode without a transport current, using the partial Meissner-Oxenfeld effect and the engagement of quantized magnetic flux strands at the pinning centers.

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18

Romagnoli, P., R. Lecamwasam, S. Tian, J. E. Downes, and J. Twamley. "Controlling the motional quality factor of a diamagnetically levitated graphite plate." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 9 (February 27, 2023): 094102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133242.

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Researchers seek methods to levitate matter for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from exploring fundamental problems in science through to developing new sensors and mechanical actuators. Many levitation techniques require active driving and most can only be applied to objects smaller than a few micrometers. Diamagnetic levitation has the strong advantage of being the only form of levitation which is passive, requiring no energy input, while also supporting massive objects. Known diamagnetic materials which are electrical insulators are only weakly diamagnetic and require large magnetic field gradients to levitate. Strong diamagnetic materials which are electrical conductors, such as graphite, exhibit eddy damping, restricting motional freedom and reducing their potential for sensing applications. In this work, we describe a method to engineer the eddy damping while retaining the force characteristics provided by the diamagnetic material. We study, both experimentally and theoretically, the motional damping of a magnetically levitated graphite plate in high vacuum and demonstrate that one can control the eddy damping by patterning the plate with through-slots which interrupt the eddy currents. We find that we can control the motional quality factor over a wide range with excellent agreement between the experiment and numerical simulations.

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19

Chen, Gang, Li-Gang Yao, Kun-Chieh Wang, Jia-Xin Ding, and Zhen-Ya Wang. "Levitation Stability of the Passive Magnetic Bearing in a Nutation Blood Pump." Sensors and Materials 33, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam.2021.3395.

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20

Nicolsky, R., R. de Andrade, A. Ripper, D. F. B. David, J. A. Santisteban, R. M. Stephan, W. Gawalek, T. Habisreuther, and T. Strasser. "Superconducting-electromagnetic hybrid bearing using YBCO bulk blocks for passive axial levitation." Superconductor Science and Technology 13, no. 6 (May 23, 2000): 870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/13/6/351.

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21

Kendall, B. R. F., M. F. Vollero, and L. D. Hinkle. "Passive levitation of small particles in vacuum: Possible applications to vacuum gauging." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 5, no. 4 (July 1987): 2458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.574871.

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22

Ahn, Changsun. "Control Strategy and Algorithm for Levitation of Over-actuated Passive Maglev Tray System." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 32, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/kspe.2015.32.6.553.

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23

SHIMOHORI, Takumi, Toru MASUZAWA, Takashi NISHIMURA, and Shunei KYO. "Levitation Stability of Passive Stability Axes of Heart Beat Synchronous Maglev Blood Pump." Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 24, no. 3 (2016): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14243/jsaem.24.216.

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24

Aydemir, Gizem, Ali Kosar, and Huseyin Uvet. "Design and implementation of a passive micro flow sensor based on diamagnetic levitation." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 300 (December 2019): 111621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.111621.

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25

RYAZANOV, Eldar M., and Alexander Ed PAVLYUKOV. "SIMULATION OF EMERGENCY COLLISION OF A MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRAIN WITH AN OBSTACLE." Transportation systems and technology 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20151199-111.

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In the last decades much attention has been focused on improving the passive safety of automobile, aviation, railway and shipbuilding vehicles by means of development of special energy-absorbing devices (EAD). The operation principle of such devices is to absorb the kinetic energy of the collision with the obstacle by means of the controlled irreversible deformation of its own design [1]. The article proposes to implement these devices and passive safety systems to assess their effectiveness. The solution of this issue was carried out by the authors' methods of numerical simulation of emergency collision of a rolling stock with an obstacle [2-4]. The article demonstrates the simulated emergency crash system of the passenger magnetic levitation train. It consists of a front and undercar crash-modules. The first is mounted on the end part of the head car of the train to absorb the collision energy with a large obstacle in case of an accident. The second is designed to reduce the consequences of collisions with obstacles of relatively small sizes, able to break the floor or damage undercar equipment at high speed. Various designs and materials used for manufacturing of EAD were theoretically investigated using the developed model of emergency collision. In the result the assessment of work effectiveness of the designed emergency crash-system in accordance with the existing regulatory requirements for traffic safety was carried out.

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26

Zhou, Yiheng, Baoquan Kou, Xiaobao Yang, Jun Luo, and He Zhang. "Research on typical topologies of a tubular horizontal-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator." MATEC Web of Conferences 119 (2017): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201711901013.

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27

Abadie, J., E. Piat, S. Oster, and M. Boukallel. "Modeling and experimentation of a passive low frequency nanoforce sensor based on diamagnetic levitation." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 173, no. 1 (January 2012): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2011.09.025.

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28

Zhang, He, Baoquan Kou, Yinxi Jin, Hailin Zhang, and Lu Zhang. "Research on a Low Stiffness Passive Magnetic Levitation Gravity Compensation System with Opposite Stiffness Cancellation." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50, no. 11 (November 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2322380.

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29

Ueno, Satoshi, Masaya Tomoda, and Changan Jiang. "Development of an axial-flux self-bearing motor using two permanent magnet attractive type passive magnetic bearings." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209395.

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This paper introduces an axial-flux self-bearing motor (ASBM) using two permanent magnet attractive type passive magnetic bearings (PMBs). The ASBM provides both functions of a disc motor and thrust magnetic bearing, and controls motor torque and axial force by single rotational magnetic flux. The PMB consists of a cylindrical permanent magnet and an iron shaft with conical edge, and it supports the rotor in radial directions. This motor has a simple structure and control system, and it is possible to reduce the size and cost. In this paper, the structure and control method are introduced, and the results of levitation and rotation tests whose non-contact rotation speed was achieved up to 1,500 rpm are shown.

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30

Kuptsov, Vladimir, Poria Fajri, Md Rasheduzzaman, Salvador Magdaleno-Adame, and Konstantin Hadziristic. "Combined Propulsion and Levitation Control for Maglev/Hyperloop Systems Utilizing Asymmetric Double-Sided Linear Induction Motors." Machines 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10020131.

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This article presents a new method for combined levitation and propulsion control in maglev/Hyperloop systems by selectively applying AC and DC modes of operation to a group of asymmetric double-sided linear induction motors (ADSLIMs). Although adjusting the AC current magnitude of lower and upper primary windings in ADSLIMs allows simultaneous control of thrust and lift forces, the limitation of this current balancing technique prohibits them from producing a high lift force while operating with low thrust force. To overcome this limitation and to simultaneously control the thrust and lift forces of the ADSLIMs with high efficiency under different operating conditions, a combination of AC and DC modes of operation is proposed. AC mode of operation consists of feeding different AC current amplitudes to the upper and lower ADSLIM primary windings to produce and control the required thrust and lift forces. The DC mode of operation consists of controlling one or several ADSLIMs to operate with DC excitation to realize the desired lift force at lower thrusts which otherwise cannot be achieved by operating in AC mode alone. The concept of the new combined control strategy is studied using two-dimensional finite element (FE) electromagnetic simulations and compared with an Inductrack permanent magnet (PM) based passive magnetic levitation system.

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31

Bekinal, Siddappa I., Sadanand S. Kulkarni, and Soumendu Jana. "A hybrid (permanent magnet and foil) bearing set for complete passive levitation of high-speed rotors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 20 (May 31, 2016): 3679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216652647.

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This paper presents the design and development of a hybrid bearing set for complete passive levitation of a typical rotor. A hybrid bearing set consists of permanent magnet thrust bearing and radial discrete bump foil bearings. The permanent magnet thrust bearing is made up of three pairs of ring magnets arranged in rotation magnetized direction. The mathematical model to determine the force and stiffness in rotation magnetized direction configuration is presented using Coulombian model and vector approach. Bump foil bearings are designed and developed for rotor weight to provide the radial support to the rotor system. The proposed bearing set with rotor is analysed using finite element analysis for rotor dynamic characteristics. The experiments are conducted on the fabricated rotor-bearing configuration by rotating the rotor up to the speeds of 40,000 r/min. The system response is acquired using advanced rotor-dynamic data acquisition system. The experimental results show that the rotor is completely airborne and stable at the desired speed.

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32

Kublin, Tomasz, Lech Grzesiak, Paweł Radziszewski, Marcin Nikoniuk, and Łukasz Ordyszewski. "Reducing the Power Consumption of the Electrodynamic Suspension Levitation System by Changing the Span of the Horizontal Magnet in the Halbach Array." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206549.

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In high-speed magnetic railways, it is necessary to create the forces that lift the train. This effect is achieved by using active (EMS) or passive (EDS) magnetic systems. In a passive system, suspension systems with permanent magnets arranged in a Halbach array can be used. In this paper, an original Halbach array with various alternately arranged horizontally and vertically magnetized magnets is proposed. Correctly selected geometry allows us to obtain higher values of levitation forces and lower braking forces in relation to a system with identical horizontally and vertically magnetized elements. The effect of such a shape of the magnetic arrangement is the reduction of instantaneous power consumption while traveling due to the occurrence of lower braking forces. In order to perform a comparative analysis of the various geometries of the Halbach array, a simulation model was developed in the ANSYS Maxwell program. The performed calculations made it possible to determine the optimal dimensions of horizontally and vertically magnetized elements. The results of calculations of instantaneous power savings for various cruising speeds are also included.

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33

Lee, Younghak, Chang-Wan Ha, Jaewon Lim, Jong-Min Lee, and Chang-Hyun Kim. "Design and Control of Passive Carrier Type Maglev Transfer System in Consideration of Levitation Electromagnet Interval." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - A 42, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2018.42.7.669.

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34

MAGARI, Ryota, and Wataru HIJIKATA. "Proposition of a passive levitation system utilizing thrust and magnetic force for a ventricular assist device." Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 16, no. 3 (2022): JAMDSM0025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2022jamdsm0025.

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35

Ohji, T., S. Ichiyama, K. Amei, M. Sakui, and S. Yamada. "A new conveyor system based on a passive magnetic levitation unit having repulsive-type magnetic bearings." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 272-276 (May 2004): E1731—E1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.984.

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36

Billot, Margot, Emmanuel Piat, Joël Abadie, Joël Agnus, and Philippe Stempflé. "External mechanical disturbances compensation with a passive differential measurement principle in nanoforce sensing using diamagnetic levitation." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 238 (February 2016): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.11.032.

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37

Xie, Pengshu, Yusong Che, Zhengbin Liu, and Guoqiang Wang. "Research on Vibration Reduction Performance of Electromagnetic Active Seat Suspension Based on Sliding Mode Control." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155916.

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Vehicle seats have a significant impact on the comfort of passengers. The development of seats is a field in which scholars are widely concerned. In this study, we add an electromagnetic levitation structure and design a new active seat suspension based on the passive seat suspension. Then, simulation research is carried out based on a C-level road surface combined with integral sliding mode control and state feedback control. The results show that both state feedback control and integral sliding mode control positively affect vehicle seat vibration reduction, and integral sliding mode control has a better anti-interference effect than state feedback control. At the same time, it is proved that the seat suspension has good working characteristics and economy.

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38

Pathak, Saurabh, Ran Zhang, Khemrith Bun, Hui Zhang, Bishakhdatta Gayen, and Xu Wang. "Development of a novel wind to electrical energy converter of passive ferrofluid levitation through its parameter modelling and optimization." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 48 (December 2021): 101641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101641.

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39

KOSEKI, Takafumi, Kohji YAMASHITA, and Jiangheng LIU. "Levitation and Thrust Control of a Completely Passive Core Excited Solely by Armature Currents of a Linear Synchronous Motor." JSME International Journal Series C 46, no. 2 (2003): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.46.385.

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40

Khubalkar, Swapnil, Anjali Junghare, Mohan Aware, and Shantanu Das. "Unique fractional calculus engineering laboratory for learning and research." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 57, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918799509.

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In this paper, a novel prototype laboratory is presented for engineering education, in which experiments are based on the fractional calculus. The prototypes of analog and digital fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are built in the laboratory. These fractional-order PID controllers are applied to linear and nonlinear plants to demonstrate the effectiveness of fractional-order calculus in real time. These experiments are designed, developed, and implemented on the analog and digital platforms. These controllers are integrated to control the DC motor, brushless DC motor, and magnetic levitation modules through hardware-in-loop as well as stand-alone systems. The analog type of fractional-order PID implementation is carried out by using passive components (i.e. resistances and capacitances) with an operational amplifier. However, real-time digital implementation is carried out using field-programmable gate array and digital signal processor. This paper describes how the experiments on fractional calculus can be tailored for graduate, undergraduate students’ education and extended for research in this emerging area.

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41

Zhang, He, Baoquan Kou, and Yiheng Zhou. "Analysis and Design of a Novel Magnetic Levitation Gravity Compensator With Low Passive Force Variation in a Large Vertical Displacement." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 6 (June 2020): 4797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2924858.

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42

Chetouani, H., B. Delinchant, and G. Reyne. "Efficient modeling approach for optimization of a system based on passive diamagnetic levitation as a platform for bio‐medical applications." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 26, no. 2 (April 10, 2007): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640710727700.

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43

Yamamoto, Ryo, Ryotaro Betsunoh, and Shunsuke Ohashi. "Improvement of Damping Factor by Optimal Shape and Installation Position of the Damper Coils at Low Velocity Range in Electrodynamic Suspension System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2323, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2323/1/012038.

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Abstract The electrodynamic suspension system (EDS) realizes stable levitation without the gap control. One of its application is JR Maglev. The EDS system has basically no damping factor against the disturbance. The damping factor is improved by installing the additional coil. However, the damping factor is needed especially at the low velocity. The normal operation velocity in the JR Maglev is the velocity vx = 120[m/sec]. The optimal shape and installation position of the damper coils at the low velocity range such as vx < 80[m/sec] is discussed. The type of the damper coil system and the velocity do not affect the optimal height of the coil. The optimal width of the damper coil in the semi-active system is 8.9% smaller than that in the passive one. The optimal installation position is higher at the low velocity than that at the normal operation velocity in both damper system type. By this optimization, the vertical oscillation is up to 13.6% smaller and the pitching oscillation is up to 11.0% smaller.

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He, Zan, Tong Wen, Xu Liu, and Yuchen Suo. "Loss Estimation and Thermal Analysis of a Magnetic Levitation Reaction Flywheel with PMB and AMB for Satellite Application." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041584.

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The magnetic levitation reaction flywheel (MLRW) is a novel actuator of spacecraft attitude control because of its significant advantages, including lack of friction and active suppression of vibration. However, in a vacuum environment, the poor heat dissipation conditions make it more sensitive to various losses and rises in temperature. Therefore, increasing temperature is the key issue for components used in space. In this study, the losses of the three kinds of heat-generating areas in the MLRW, namely, the passive magnetic bearing (PMB), the active magnetic bearing (AMB) and brushless DC motor (BLDCM), were analyzed and calculated. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, the loss model of PMB was proposed. Based on the finite element method (FEM) and Bertotti model, the loss power of the AMB and the BLDCM was obtained. The calculated loss values were brought into the FEM to calculate the temperature field distribution of the MLRW system. Then, the key factors affecting the heat dissipation of the flywheel were obtained by combining thermal network analysis with the temperature field distribution. Finally, a prototype was fabricated. The maximum estimated and experimental temperatures were 34.8 °C and 36.8 °C, respectively, both at the BLDCM stator. The maximum error was 5.4%, which validates the calculated model.

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Wang, Liang, Xiaoyan Tang, Zhong Yun, and Chuang Xiang. "Analysis of a Novel Magnetic-Hydrodynamic Double Levitated Motor for an Implantable Axial Flow Blood Pump." Shock and Vibration 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8833994.

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This paper presents a novel design for a bearingless axial flow blood pump based on the magnetic-hydrodynamic double levitated concept. In the axial direction, the magnetic levitation system consisted of two pairs of permanent magnet rings offsets the force of fluid. The hydrodynamic shell mounted on the impeller rotor is designed for generating dynamic pressure, which can balance the radial force like gravity when the blood pump is working. Because of the unsteady force and torque acting on the rotor and the passive suspension, the position of the rotor is not steady. The suspension force, stiffness, and torque of the rotor are calculated by the theoretical method and finite element method. Then, the dynamics of the rotor are analyzed. Arrangements of Hall-effect sensors with the corresponding data acquisition system which can measure the axial displacement of the rotor are explained. The sensorless drive control system for the blood pump is described too. With a prototype pump, an external circulation experiment system is built and then the axial and radial displacements of the rotor are measured by using Hall-effect sensors and the laser vibrometer under different working conditions.

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Li, Haitao, Zigang Deng, Huan Huang, Jinbo Yu, Li Wang, and Weihua Zhang. "Theoretical optimization and experimental verification of a non-contact damper for high temperature superconducting Maglev systems." Journal of Vibration and Control 28, no. 5-6 (January 27, 2022): 606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775463211050177.

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High-temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev has excellent potential in high-speed transportation due to its capability of passive stabilization levitation. However, in applications, the vibration of maglev vehicle with a large amplitude will be triggered for some external incentives or interference owing to its weak damping characteristics. Hence, it is preferable and necessary to find a way to reduce the vibration without mechanical contact. In terms of mechanical structure, the HTS maglev system mainly consists of HTS bulks and permanent magnets guideway (PMG). Utilizing the magnetic field provided by PMG, we designed and assessed an electromagnetic shunt damper (EMSD) for the HTS maglev system, by which the vibrations can be attenuated without contact. At first, the parameters of EMSD were theoretically optimized, respectively. Second, according to the structure of the Halbach PMG, the experimental EMSD was presented. In this damper, two groups of coils in reverse series were set above the two magnetic poles of the PMG to get a large induced electromotive force. Eventually, the experimental results show that the vibrations of the HTS maglev model vehicle can be attenuated more than 80% in the resonance region when the designed EMSD was employed in the system. Namely, this non-contacting damper will highly enhance the dynamic characteristics of HTS maglev systems.

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Li, Dengfeng, and Hector Martin Gutierrez. "Quasi-Sliding Mode Control of a High-Precision Hybrid Magnetic Suspension Actuator." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 1 (February 20, 2013): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0192.

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A novel 1-DOF hybrid magnetic suspension actuator for precise motion control is presented. The actuator is designed to achieve sub-micron positioning accuracy over a range of motion in excess of 1000 µm while avoiding large nominal levitation currents and iron core saturation. The proposed passive push-active pull configuration offers precise motion control with moderate actuator effort when a payload is to be accurately suspended over a large range of travel. The proposed actuator can be used modularly to control multiple axes of motion in a multi-DOF positioning application that requires millimeter-range travel with submicron accuracy. A Quasi-Sliding Mode controller (QSM) is presented in which the sliding mode dynamics are directly designed, as opposed to the typical Lyapunov function approach that is solely based on stability. Since full knowledge of the state vector is required, a nonlinear high-gain observer was also designed and implemented. Performance of the QSM algorithm in controlling the proposed actuator is compared to that of a PID controller with standard feedback linearization. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate both the positioning and tracking capabilities of the proposed actuator. The proposed QSM method shows better transient performance than the standard PID feedback linearization approach. QSM also shows better tracking performance, which is highly desirable in systems in which fast and accurate motion control along a desired path is critical.

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Seto, Kazuto. "Special Issue on Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and, Control." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, no. 4 (August 20, 1995): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0273.

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Various attempts have been made from olden days on vehicles for better riding comfort and for improved maneuverability. Past vehicles have achieved vibration isolation performance, which relaxes impact from road surfaces, by means of link mechanisms and passive suspensions consisting of springs and dampers, as well as basic motion performance such as running, turning, and stopping. However, as far as passenger cars are concerned, a passive suspension has its own limitation, and the contradiction that if riding comfort is to be improved at low speeds, the maneuverability during high-speed operations becomes bad has not been solved. Demand of users has become stronger and stronger for vehicles which satisfy riding comfort and maneuverability at the same time. Moreover, as far as trains are concerned, the past technology has increased the vibration of trains as they are operated at higher speeds; thus a drop in riding comfort has been a cause for preventing high-speed operations. Nevertheless, in line with progress in mechatronic technology, active suspensions have been adopted aggressively in automobiles and trains in recent years, and attempts have been started for improving both riding comfort and maneuverability to satisfy demand of users. Some passenger cars have already appeared which are equipped with an active suspension. A similar trend is found in the case of trains; by the introduction of active suspensions, operations of trains on conventional lines at higher speeds are being started. Under these circumstances, this special issue has been created. Although high performance in vehicles may be achieved by means of active suspensions, the problem of increased energy consumption has become a serious issue, which has been brought to the fore with the bursting of the bubble. This problem seems to be solved by saying how effectively semi-active suspensions may be realized. In this special issue, new trends have been taken up, such as vehicle dynamics, design theory on active suspension systems, reduction of engine vibration by optimum design of hydraulic engine mounts, design of control systems for neural networks of semi-active suspension systems, control of variable structures of suspension systems, predictive control, magnetic levitation suspension, etc. It is hoped that these articles will be useful in future research.

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Qian, Kun-Xi, Teng Jing, and Hao Wang. "Applications of Permanent Maglev Bearing in Heart Pumps and Turbine Machine." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2011 (April 6, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/896463.

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Earnshaw's theorem (1839) stated that no stationary object made of magnets in a fixed configuration can be held in stable equilibrium by any combination of static magnetic or gravitational forces. What will happen by a moving body like a rotating passive magnetic levitator? Nobody has given an answer until now. The author applied a self-made passive magnetic bearing to radial pump and turbine machine and found that if the rotating speed could be higher than a critical value, 3250 rpm for a pump and 1800 rpm for a turbine, the rotors would be disaffiliated from stators and keep the rotation stable. It seems that the fast rotating levitator has a so-called “Gyroeffect” which makes the passive maglev rotator stable. These results have extended Earnshaw's theorem from static to dynamic equilibrium. In static state or by a speed lower than critical value, the passive maglev rotator cannot keep rotation stable; if the rotating speed is higher than critical speed, the passive magnetic levitator will have Gyroeffect and thereby stabilize its rotation.

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Hirota, Yusuke, and Masaru Hakoda. "Relationship between Dielectric Characteristic by DEP Levitation and Differentiation Activity for Stem Cells." Key Engineering Materials 459 (December 2010): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.459.84.

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In our previous study, we discussed the possibility of differentiation activity measurement for rat mesenchymal stem cells (RMSC) by Dielectrophoretic (DEP) levitation. Consequently, it was found that the differentiation activity of the RMSC could be evaluated by DEP levitation without the differentiation induction. Thus, we discuss the possibility of differentiation activity evaluation by DEP levitation with cells other than the RMSC. Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC) and human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) were used as the sample cells. The dielectric characteristics (Re[K(ω)]) measurement, the Re[K(ω)] of both the HMSC and the ASC decreased with the increasing passage number. Moreover, to evaluate the differentiation activity of the HMSC and the ASC that had performed the osteoblast differentiation induction, the amount of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was measured. Consequently, the ALP activity of both the HMSC and ASC decreased with increasing the passage number. Therefore, it was found that the differentiation activity of the HMSC and the ASC could be evaluated by measuring the Re[K(ω)] due to the relationship between the Re[K(ω)] and ALP activity.

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