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Tosun, Leman Pınar, and Ezgi Kaşdarma. "Passive Facebook Use and Depression." Journal of Media Psychology 32, no. 4 (October 2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000269.
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Abstract. In the current study we examined a psychological mechanism linking Facebook use to depression. A survey was conducted with 319 undergraduates about their passive Facebook use, their frequency of making upward social comparisons on Facebook, the emotions evoked through these comparisons, and their levels of depression. Half of the participants were given questions about the Facebook comparisons they made with their close friends, while the other half were given questions about the Facebook comparisons they made with acquaintances. Analysis of the whole sample revealed that upward Facebook comparison elicited assimilative emotions (inspiration, optimism, and admiration) more than contrastive emotions did (envy and resentment). A path model was developed in which passive use of Facebook predicted the frequency of making upward social comparisons, and, in turn, the frequency of making upward Facebook comparisons predicted depression through two routes: one through contrastive emotions and other through assimilative emotions. The results suggested that the model fits the data. As expected, the frequency of upward Facebook comparisons was associated with the increases in frequency of both contrastive and assimilative emotions, and the associations of these two types of emotions with depression were in opposite directions: Depression increased as the frequency of contrastive emotions increased, and it decreased as the frequency of assimilative emotions increased. The strength of the latter aforementioned association was stronger when the comparison targets were acquaintances rather than close friends.
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Hennessy, Michael B., Patricia A. Schiml-Webb, and Terrence Deak. "Separation, Sickness, and Depression." Current Directions in Psychological Science 18, no. 4 (August 2009): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01641.x.
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Studies of prolonged separation from the attachment figure that were conducted with infant monkeys during the middle of the 20th century identified a passive behavioral response, termed “despair,” that appeared to model human depressive illness. Studies in guinea pigs, which exhibit filial attachment that resembles attachment in monkeys, have described a similar passive response to briefer periods of maternal separation. Recent evidence indicates that elements of the immune system mediate the passive behavioral response of guinea pigs. These findings accord well with current ideas that immune responses contribute to depressive illness, suggest new hypotheses about how maternal separation might promote depression, and give us a rodent model in which such hypotheses might be tested.
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Narziev, Nematjon, Hwarang Goh, Kobiljon Toshnazarov, Seung Ah Lee, Kyong-Mee Chung, and Youngtae Noh. "STDD: Short-Term Depression Detection with Passive Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051396.
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It has recently been reported that identifying the depression severity of a person requires involvement of mental health professionals who use traditional methods like interviews and self-reports, which results in spending time and money. In this work we made solid contributions on short-term depression detection using every-day mobile devices. To improve the accuracy of depression detection, we extracted five factors influencing depression (symptom clusters) from the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), namely, physical activity, mood, social activity, sleep, and food intake and extracted features related to each symptom cluster from mobile devices’ sensors. We conducted an experiment, where we recruited 20 participants from four different depression groups based on PHQ-9 (the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the 9-item depression module from the full PHQ), which are normal, mildly depressed, moderately depressed, and severely depressed and built a machine learning model for automatic classification of depression category in a short period of time. To achieve the aim of short-term depression classification, we developed Short-Term Depression Detector (STDD), a framework that consisted of a smartphone and a wearable device that constantly reported the metrics (sensor data and self-reports) to perform depression group classification. The result of this pilot study revealed high correlations between participants` Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) self-reports and passive sensing (sensor data) in physical activity, mood, and sleep levels; STDD demonstrated the feasibility of group classification with an accuracy of 96.00% (standard deviation (SD) = 2.76).
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Hallgren, Mats, David W. Dunstan, and Neville Owen. "Passive Versus Mentally Active Sedentary Behaviors and Depression." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 48, no. 1 (January 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000211.
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Chen, Fenglan, Xiujin Lin, Yuli Pan, Xuan Zeng, Shengjie Zhang, Hong Hu, Miaoyu Yu, and Junduan Wu. "Insomnia partially mediates the relationship between pathological personality traits and depression: a case-control study." PeerJ 9 (March 30, 2021): e11061. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11061.
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Background and Objective Personality disorders are frequently associated with insomnia and depression, but little is known about the inter-relationships among these variables. Therefore, this study examined these inter-relationships and the possible mediating effect of insomnia on the association between specific personality pathologies and depression severity. Methods There were 138 study participants, including 69 individuals with depression and 69 healthy controls. The main variables were measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24), Athens Sleep Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+). Multivariate linear regression and mediation analysis were conducted. Results With the exception of the antisocial personality score, all the PDQ-4+ scores and AIS scores were significantly higher in the depression group than in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). In the total sample, all personality pathology scores (p < 0.001), except the antisocial personality score, had significant positive correlations with the AIS scores and HAMD-24 scores, and the AIS scores and HAMD-24 scores were positively correlated (r = 0.620, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that borderline personality, passive-aggressive personality, and insomnia positively predicted the severity of depression, after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, and that insomnia partially mediated the associations of borderline personality and passive-aggressive personality with depression severity. Conclusions Borderline personality, passive-aggressive personality, and insomnia tend to increase the severity of depression, and the effect of borderline and passive-aggressive personality on depression severity may be partially mediated by insomnia. This is the first study to report these findings in a Chinese sample, and they may help researchers to understand the pathways from specific personality pathologies to the psychopathology of depression better, which should be useful for designing interventions to relieve depression severity, as the impact of specific personality pathology and insomnia should be considered.
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Girousse, Eva, and Nicolas Vuillerme. "The Use of Passive Smartphone Data to Monitor Anxiety and Depression Among College Students in Real-World Settings: Protocol for a Systematic Review." JMIR Research Protocols 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): e38785. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/38785.
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Background College students are particularly at risk of depression and anxiety. These disorders have a serious impact on public health and affect patients’ daily lives. The potential for using smartphones to monitor these mental conditions, providing passively collected physiological and behavioral data, has been reported among the general population. However, research on the use of passive smartphone data to monitor anxiety and depression among specific populations of college students has never been reviewed. Objective This review’s objectives are (1) to provide an overview of the use of passive smartphone data to monitor depression and anxiety among college students, given their specific type of smartphone use and living setting, and (2) to evaluate the different methods used to assess those smartphone data, including their strengths and limitations. Methods This review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Two independent investigators will review English-language, full-text, peer-reviewed papers extracted from PubMed and Web of Science that measure passive smartphone data and levels of depression or anxiety among college students. A preliminary search was conducted in February 2022 as a proof of concept. Results Our preliminary search identified 115 original articles, 8 of which met our eligibility criteria. Our planned full study will include an article selection flowchart, tables, and figures representing the main information extracted on the use of passive smartphone data to monitor anxiety and depression among college students. Conclusions The planned review will summarize the published research on using passive smartphone data to monitor anxiety and depression among college students. The review aims to better understand whether and how passive smartphone data are associated with indicators of depression and anxiety among college students. This could be valuable in order to provide a digital solution for monitoring mental health issues in this specific population by enabling easier identification and follow-up of the patients. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022316263; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=316263 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38785
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Rice, Frances, Gemma Lewis, Gordon T. Harold, and Anita Thapar. "Examining the role of passive gene–environment correlation in childhood depression using a novel genetically sensitive design." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 1 (February 2013): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000880.
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AbstractParental depression is associated with disruptions in the parent–child relationship, exposure to stressful family life events, and offspring depressive symptoms. Evidence suggests that intergenerational transmission of depression involves environmental and inherited contributions. We sought to evaluate the role of passive gene–environment correlation (rGE) in relation to depression, family life events that were due to parental behavior, and parental positivity in a sample where children varied in genetic relatedness to their rearing parents. Our study included 865 families with children born through assisted conception (444 related to both parents, 210 related to the mother only, 175 related to the father only, and 36 related to neither parent). Consistent with previous studies, the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms was largely due to environmental factors, although parent and child gender influenced results. Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms were associated with reduced positivity and increased parentally imposed life events regardless of parent–child relatedness. Results of path analysis were consistent with passive rGE for both maternal and paternal positivity in that positivity partially mediated the link between maternal/paternal depression and child depression only in genetically related parent–child pairs. Results also suggested passive rGE involving parentally imposed life events for mothers and fathers although passive rGE effects were smaller than for positivity.
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Wang, Jing Yi, Shang Ming Shi, and Xian Li Du. "Beier Depression Petroleum System Study in Hailaer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1546.
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Through the study of Beier depression accumulation critical moment, divided into three sets of petroleum system in beier depression: passive faulted depression primary petroleum system, active faulted depression primary petroleum system and fault depression transform secondary petroleum system. Through the typical reservoir oil-water distribution rule and reservoir dissect result can get to know oil and gas of Beier depression concentration distribute in passive faulted depression sequence petroleum system, mainly develop reverse fault block reservoir as well as buried hill reservoir blocked by fault and uncomformable surface, active faulted depression sequence petroleum system mainly develop structure and fault-lithologic composite reservoir; Secondary petroleum system mainly develops fault lithologic reservoir; Secondary petroleum system and primary petroleum system ‘complementary’ distribution of oil and gas. Through the petroleum system classification, to find the distribution regularity of oil and gas, and guide field work.
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Bargdill, Richard W. "Habitual Boredom and Depression: Some Qualitative Differences." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 2 (March 16, 2016): 294–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167816637948.
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This article will compare and contrast the author’s theory of Habitual Boredom with a phenomenological account of Unipolar Depression. The habitually bored show more external ambivalence, passive avoidance, and shame, as well as a tendency toward passive hope and identity confusion. The depressed show more internal ambivalence, willful (but futile) determination, and guilt as well as tendency toward hopelessness and identity objectification. The article also discusses some of the experiential similarities and developmental differences between the two phenomenon as well as some aspects of the defensive structure that initially prevents the bored from becoming depressed.
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Shahid, Fakhra, Shadi Beshai, and Nicole Del Rosario. "Fatalism and Depressive Symptoms: Active and Passive Forms of Fatalism Differentially Predict Depression." Journal of Religion and Health 59, no. 6 (May 21, 2020): 3211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01024-5.
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Hallgren, Mats, Thi-Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Neville Owen, Brendon Stubbs, Davy Vancampfort, Andreas Lundin, David Dunstan, Rino Bellocco, and Ylva Trolle Lagerros. "Cross-sectional and prospective relationships of passive and mentally active sedentary behaviours and physical activity with depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 217, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.60.
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BackgroundSedentary behaviour can be associated with poor mental health, but it remains unclear whether all types of sedentary behaviour have equivalent detrimental effects.AimsTo model the potential impact on depression of replacing passive with mentally active sedentary behaviours and with light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. An additional aim was to explore these relationships by self-report data and clinician diagnoses of depression.MethodIn 1997, 43 863 Swedish adults were initially surveyed and their responses linked to patient registers until 2010. The isotemporal substitution method was used to model the potential impact on depression of replacing 30 min of passive sedentary behaviour with equivalent durations of mentally active sedentary behaviour, light physical activity or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Outcomes were self-reported depression symptoms (cross-sectional analyses) and clinician-diagnosed incident major depressive disorder (MDD) (prospective analyses).ResultsOf 24 060 participants with complete data (mean age 49.2 years, s.d. 15.8, 66% female), 1526 (6.3%) reported depression symptoms at baseline. There were 416 (1.7%) incident cases of MDD during the 13-year follow-up. Modelled cross-sectionally, replacing 30 min/day of passive sedentary behaviour with 30 min/day of mentally active sedentary behaviour, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous activity reduced the odds of depression symptoms by 5% (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.97), 13% (odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–1.00) and 19% (odds ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.93–0.90), respectively. Modelled prospectively, substituting 30 min/day of passive with 30 min/day of mentally active sedentary behaviour reduced MDD risk by 5% (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99); no other prospective associations were statistically significant.ConclusionsSubstituting passive with mentally active sedentary behaviours, light activity or moderate-to-vigorous activity may reduce depression risk in adults.
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Hallensleben, N., H. Glaesmer, T. Forkmann, D. Rath, M. Strauss, A. Kersting, and L. Spangenberg. "Predicting suicidal ideation by interpersonal variables, hopelessness and depression in real-time. An ecological momentary assessment study in psychiatric inpatients with depression." European Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (November 5, 2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.003.
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AbstractObjective:To extend evidence on the short-term variability of passive and active suicidal ideation (SI) and the association with suggested proximal risk factors such as interpersonal variables (perceived burdensomeness [PB], thwarted belongingness [TB], hopelessness, and depression) in real-time.Methods:This is an observational study using a prospective design applying ecological momentary assessments (EMA). Eligible for study inclusion were inpatients with unipolar depression, current or lifetime suicidal ideation, and fluent German. Over six days, 74 participants rated their momentary level of passive and active SI, PB, TB, depressiveness, and hopelessness up to 10 times per day on smartphones. Data was collected from August 2015 to July 2017. Compliance was excellent (89.7%).Results:Mean squared successive differences supported temporal instability for all variables. According intra-class correlations, between 25% and 47% of variance was accounted for by within-person variability. Multilevel analysis demonstrated significant positive associations between hopelessness, depressiveness, PB, and TB with passive SI. Prospectively, hopelessness and PB remained predictors of passive SI. For active SI, hopelessness, depression, PB, and TB were significantly associated cross-sectionally. Prospectively, hopelessness, PB, and the interaction PBxTB predicted active SI. All models were controlled for previous level of SI.Conclusions:This study provides further evidence on the short-term variability of SI in very short time frames implying the need of assessing SI repeatedly in clinical and research settings. The associations between interpersonal variables and passive and active SI were only partial in line with assumptions of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Overall, the effects were small warranting further investigation.
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Otsuka, Ryohei, Ryoki Sasaki, Shota Tsuiki, Sho Kojima, and Hideaki Onishi. "Post-exercise cortical depression following repetitive passive finger movement." Neuroscience Letters 656 (August 2017): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.030.
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Nakata, Akinori, Masaya Takahashi, Tomoko Ikeda, Minoru Hojou, Jeannie A. Nigam, and Naomi G. Swanson. "Active and passive smoking and depression among Japanese workers." Preventive Medicine 46, no. 5 (May 2008): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.024.
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Shin, Jaeeun, and Sung Man Bae. "A Systematic Review of Location Data for Depression Prediction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 11 (May 29, 2023): 5984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115984.
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Depression contributes to a wide range of maladjustment problems. With the development of technology, objective measurement for behavior and functional indicators of depression has become possible through the passive sensing technology of digital devices. Focusing on location data, we systematically reviewed the relationship between depression and location data. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases by combining terms related to passive sensing and location data with depression. Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Location data demonstrated promising predictive power for depression. Studies examining the relationship between individual location data variables and depression, homestay, entropy, and the normalized entropy variable of entropy dimension showed the most consistent and significant correlations. Furthermore, variables of distance, irregularity, and location showed significant associations in some studies. However, semantic location showed inconsistent results. This suggests that the process of geographical movement is more related to mood changes than to semantic location. Future research must converge across studies on location-data measurement methods.
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Shen, Yuedi, Meifang Zhu, Dianchun Wang, Chundong Hao, Jinyao Ma, Yongfu Cao, Ming Cao, et al. "PASSIVE EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS BY A SINGLE TONE IN PERSONALITY DISORDERS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 7 (January 1, 2008): 985–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.7.985.
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A cerebral P3 potential (passive P3) in response to a single tone shares similar morphology to the classical P3 elicited in the active “oddball” paradigm, but reflects passive attention. As patients with schizotypal, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders show reduced amplitude and prolonged latency of classical P3, it is reasonable to expect that these patients might show an abnormal passive P3. We tested whether the single tone elicited event-related potentials (ERPs) in 205 patients with personality disorders and in 30 healthy volunteers. Their Axis I symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured by Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (1965, 1971). Both schizoid and paranoid groups showed significantly reduced P3 amplitude. In addition, the schizoid group showed significantly shortened N1 latency and enhanced N2 amplitude. Most patient groups except schizoids scored higher on the Depression or Anxiety scales, or both, but the ERP findings were not correlated with the Axis I symptoms in any given group alone. The abnormal negative components implied a higher vigilance or cortical arousal level in the schizoid patients, while the reduced P3 amplitude indicated a poorer passive attention in both schizoid and paranoid patients.
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Poudyal, Anubhuti, Alastair van Heerden, Ashley Hagaman, Sujen Man Maharjan, Prabin Byanjankar, Prasansa Subba, and Brandon A. Kohrt. "Wearable Digital Sensors to Identify Risks of Postpartum Depression and Personalize Psychological Treatment for Adolescent Mothers: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Exploratory Study in Rural Nepal." JMIR Research Protocols 8, no. 8 (September 11, 2019): e14734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14734.
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Background There is a high prevalence of untreated postpartum depression among adolescent mothers with the greatest gap in services in low- and middle-income countries. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of nonspecialists to provide mental health services for postpartum depression in these low-resource settings. However, there is inconsistency in short-term and long-term benefits from the interventions. Passive sensing data generated from wearable digital devices can be used to more accurately distinguish which mothers will benefit from psychological services. In addition, wearable digital sensors can be used to passively collect data to personalize care for mothers. Therefore, wearable passive sensing technology has the potential to improve outcomes from psychological treatments for postpartum depression. Objective This study will explore the use of wearable digital sensors for two objectives: First, we will pilot test using wearable sensors to generate passive sensing data that distinguish adolescent mothers with depression from those without depression. Second, we will explore how nonspecialists can integrate data from passive sensing technologies to better personalize psychological treatment. Methods This study will be conducted in rural Nepal with participatory involvement of adolescent mothers and health care stakeholders through a community advisory board. The first study objective will be addressed by comparing behavioral patterns of adolescent mothers without depression (n=20) and with depression (n=20). The behavioral patterns will be generated by wearable digital devices collecting data in 4 domains: (1) the physical activity of mothers using accelerometer data on mobile phones, (2) the geographic range and routine of mothers using GPS (Global Positioning System) data collected from mobile phones, (3) the time and routine of adolescent mothers with their infants using proximity data collected from Bluetooth beacons, and (4) the verbal stimulation and auditory environment for mothers and infants using episodic audio recordings on mobile phones. For the second objective, the same 4 domains of data will be collected and shared with nonspecialists who are delivering an evidence-based behavioral activation intervention to the depressed adolescent mothers. Over 5 weeks of the intervention, we will document how passive sensing data are used by nonspecialists to personalize the intervention. In addition, qualitative data on feasibility and acceptability of passive data collection will be collected for both objectives. Results To date, a community advisory board comprising young women and health workers engaged with adolescent mothers has been established. The study is open for recruitment, and data collection is anticipated to be completed in November 2019. Conclusions Integration of passive sensing data in public health and clinical programs for mothers at risk of perinatal mental health problems has the potential to more accurately identify who will benefit from services and increase the effectiveness by personalizing psychological interventions. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14734
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Yoo, Shin Hye, Young Ho Yun, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Jung Lim Lee, Jeanno PARK, Youn Seon Choi, Yeun Keun Lim, et al. "The impact of caregiver’s role preference on decisional conflicts and psychiatric distresses in decision making to help caregiver’s disclosure of terminal disease status." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 10106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.10106.
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10106 Background: A decision aid (DA) increases knowledge, decreases decisional conflicts and regrets and improves post-decision satisfaction, emotional distress. However, few DA trials have revealed whether decisional role preferences have an impact on patient-reported outcomes by decision making. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of caregiver’s decisional role preference on decisional conflicts and psychiatric distresses in decision making. Methods: 406 of 444 caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients enrolled onto a previous trial determining the efficacy of the decision aid about disclosure of terminal disease status were included in this analysis. The analysis outcomes were change score of decisional conflicts using the Decision Conflict Scale (DCS) and depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at 1 and 3 months from baseline. Participants were divided into 4 groups: active caregiver who received DA (active-DA), active caregiver in control group (active-control), passive caregiver who received DA (passive-DA), and passive caregiver in control group (passive-control). Linear mixed model was conducted to find out the impact of caregiver’s decisional role preference on the DCS and the HADS. Results: Among 406 caregivers, 137 (33.7%) showed active role preference, and 269 (66.3%) showed passive role preference. In post-hoc analysis of adjusted differences of change scores between passive-DA and active-DA groups, non-significant differences were observed in DCS. However, at 3 months, change scores of HADS depression subscale increased as 4.43 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78-8.07; P< 0.007; effect size (ES) 0.71) and those of HADS anxiety subscales increased as 4.14 (95% CI, 0.37-7.91; P= 0.021; ES 0.61) in passive-DA group than in active-DA group, showing moderate to large difference. Conclusions: These findings suggest that information about decision making might be provided with tailored format for how much individual wish to involve in decision making.
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Busch, Fredric N. "Anger and depression." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 15, no. 4 (July 2009): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.004937.
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SummaryA series of psychoanalytic theorists and clinicians have suggested that conflicts about anger play a central role in the development of depression. Research data have supported the notion that patients struggle with the experience and expression of angry feelings. Anger in people with depression often stems from narcissistic vulnerability, a sensitivity to perceived or actual loss or rejection. These angry reactions cause intrapsychic conflicts through the onset of guilt and the fear that angry feelings will disrupt relationships. These conflicts lead to anger being directed inwards, further lowering self-esteem, creating a vicious cycle. Defence mechanisms that are triggered, including passive aggression, reaction formation, denial and identification with the aggressor, are ineffective at managing these conflicts and further prevent the appropriate expression of anger. This article discusses how to identify and detoxify angry feelings and fantasies using a psychodynamic approach.
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Moon, Jin Young, and Mi Sun Yoo. "The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relationship between Stress-coping Method and Drinking Behaviors in the Elderly." Korea Gerontological Society 43, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31888/jkgs.2023.43.2.157.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of stress coping strategies in the elderly on drinking behavior and to determine whether depression mediates this relationship. To this end, 286 cases of responding to the 2022 ‘Mental Health and Addiction Survey’ conducted online by Sogang University Life Culture Research Institute for the elderly aged 65 or older were used for analysis . As a result of the study, the elderly's active stress-coping method had a negative effect on drinking behavior, and the passive stress-coping method had a positive effect on drinking behavior. It was found that the elderly's active stress-coping method had a negative effect on depression, while the passive stress-coping method had a positive effect on depression. As a result of verifying the mediating effect of depression in the relationship between the elderly's stress coping style and drinking behavior, a full mediating effect was found in the relationship between active stress coping style and drinking behavior. A partial mediating effect was found in the relationship between passive stress coping style and drinking behavior. These results mean that if the elderly actively cope with stress, it does not directly affect drinking behavior, and drinking behavior is alleviated through a decrease in depression. On the other hand, when the elderly cope with stress passively, it directly affects the deterioration of drinking behavior, but it means that it indirectly affects drinking behavior through increased depression. Based on these research results, practical and policy measures to alleviate the drinking behavior of the elderly were suggested.
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Robertson, Christopher T., Koichi Kitano, David M. Koceja, and Zachary A. Riley. "Temporal depression of the soleus H-reflex during passive stretch." Experimental Brain Research 219, no. 2 (March 31, 2012): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3080-1.
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Sreelakshmy, Krishnankutty, Rajmohan Velayudhan, Deepak Kuriakose, and Rema Nair. "Sexual dysfunction in females with depression: a cross-sectional study." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 39, no. 2 (June 2017): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0072.
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Abstract Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in depression albeit common is strikingly understudied. The condition, if addressed properly, can be readily cured, improving the quality of life of the patient. Methods A consecutive sample of drug-naïve married female patients with depression was assessed. Depression was diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Depression severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and sexual dysfunction, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results Sexual dysfunction was found in 90% of the patients in our study. Patients with medical comorbidities showed a significant decrease in the desire subset of the FSFI (Mann-Whitney U=11.0, p=0.009), however there was no significant association with other subsets. Patients who expressed passive death wishes had higher scores on all indicators of sexual function and a significantly higher score in the orgasm subset of the FSFI (Mann-Whitney U=11.0, p=0.009). Conclusion The study showed a high prevalence of FSD in depressed females regardless of type and severity of depression. Depression with medical comorbidities was associated with a significant decrease in desire. Patients who expressed passive death wishes showed improved sexual function and significantly better orgasm.
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Scherr, Sebastian, and Barbara Schuster. "Depression und die Nutzung von Social Network Sites (SNS)." MedienJournal 42, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/medienjournal.v42i3.1743.
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Diese Arbeit untersucht die passive Nutzung von Social Network Sites (SNS) und das damit verbundenen Auftreten von Neid. Dabei stehen der Einfluss des Depressionsgrades der Rezipienten sowie das Zusammenspiel zwischen Depressionsgrad und Selbstwirksamkeit im Vordergrund. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Variablen wurden in einem moderierten Mediationsmodell zusammengefasst. Die Analyse zeigt sowohl einen direkten positiven Effekt des Depressionsgrades auf das Entstehen von Neid als auch einen indirekten positiven Effekt, der durch die passive Nutzung vermittelt wird. Letzterer ist jedoch nur bei mittleren und hohen Ausprägungen der Selbstwirksamkeit signifikant. Depressive, die mindestens eine mittlere oder hohe Selbstwirksamkeit aufweisen, sind besonders gefährdet für Neid auf SNS. Die Befunde verdeutlichen, dass eine genauere Untersuchung des Zusammenspiels von Depressionsgrad und Selbstwirksamkeit neue Erkenntnisse über die Mediennutzung von Depressiven liefern kann und damit womöglich auch für die Therapie potenziell gewinnbringend ist.
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FAVA, M., A. H. FARABAUGH, A. H. SICKINGER, E. WRIGHT, J. E. ALPERT, S. SONAWALLA, A. A. NIERENBERG, and J. J. WORTHINGTON III. "Personality disorders and depression." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 6 (August 2002): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005780.
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Background. Personality disorders (PDs) were assessed among depressed out-patients by clinical interview before and after antidepressant treatment with fluoxetine to assess the degree of stability of PD diagnoses and determine whether changes in PD diagnoses across treatment are related to the degree of improvement in depressive symptoms.Method. Three hundred and eighty-four out-patients (55% women; mean age = 39.9±10.5) with major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosed with the SCID-P were enrolled into an 8 week trial of open treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/day. The SCID-II was administered to diagnose PDs at baseline and endpoint.Results. A significant proportion (64%) of our depressed out-patients met criteria for at least one co-morbid personality disorder. Following 8 weeks of fluoxetine treatment, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients meeting criteria for avoidant, dependent, passive-aggressive, paranoid and narcissistic PDs. From baseline to endpoint, there was also a significant reduction in the mean number of criteria met for paranoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, borderline, avoidant, dependent, obsessive–compulsive, passive aggressive and self-defeating personality disorders. While changes in cluster diagnoses were not significantly related to improvement in depressive symptoms, there were significant relationships between degree of reduction in depressive symptoms (percentage change in HAM-D-17 scores) and degree of change in the number of criteria met for paranoid, narcissistic, borderline and dependent personality disorders.Conclusions. Personality disorder diagnoses were found to be common among untreated out-patients with major depressive disorder. A significant proportion of these patients no longer met criteria for personality disorders following antidepressant treatment, and changes in personality disorder traits were significantly related to degree of improvement in depressive symptoms in some but not all personality disorders. These findings suggest that the lack of stability of PD diagnoses among patients with current MDD may be attributable in part to a direct effect of antidepressant treatment on behaviours and attitudes that comprise PDs.
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Cheng, Arthur J., and Charles L. Rice. "Factors contributing to the fatigue-related reduction in active dorsiflexion joint range of motion." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 5 (May 2013): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0357.
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Reductions in active joint range of motion (ROM) are responsible for decreased work-generating capacity during fatiguing repetitive isotonic shortening contractions. Factors responsible for impairing the joint-angle-specific net torque developed during muscle shortening could include fatigue-induced torque loss, shortening-induced torque depression in the agonist muscle, and opposing passive tension of the antagonists, but these have not been systematically explored. Nine men (aged 25.8 ± 2.0 years) performed a maximal-effort fatiguing task that consisted of repetitive loaded shortening dorsiflexions through a 40° ankle joint ROM until active ROM decreased by 50%. Torque developed during contractile shortening, as well as passive opposing tension, was quantified before and after the reduction in active ROM. Before fatigue, and compared with maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque at the terminal ROM, shortening-induced torque depression in the agonist muscle and passive tension from the antagonists reduced net torque developed at the end of contractile shortening by ∼42% and ∼19%, respectively. After fatigue, a steepened ascending joint torque–angle relationship remained during contractile shortening, but neither muscle coactivation nor contractile slowing contributed to the fatigue-induced torque loss. Fatigue-induced torque loss, shortening-induced torque depression in the agonist, and passive tension in the antagonist greatly depressed net torque developed at the end of contractile shortening. These contributed to the fatigue-induced reduction in active ROM by impairing the ability of the dorsiflexors to generate sufficient torque to overcome the imposed load at the end of contractile shortening.
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König, M., and K. E. Bühler. "Depression und Biografie." Nervenheilkunde 22, no. 05 (2003): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1624399.
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ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Untersuchung kamen zwei Persönlichkeitsfragebögen, das Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) und der Biografische Fragebogen für Alkoholabhängige (BIFA-AL). sowie ein Persönlichkeitstest, der Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), zur Anwendung. Insgesamt umfasste die klinische Studie 88 Versuchspersonen: 44 depressive Patienten und 44 in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht und Schulbildung parallelisierte gesunde Probanden. Die Ergebnisse des TAT zeigen, dass sich die Patienten in ihren Fantasiegeschichten von ihrer depressiven Einstellungen lösen. Die Bildtafeln scheinen die Patienten zu animieren, ihre passive und negative Einstellungen aufzugeben und in ihren Fantasiegeschichten aktiv und positiv eingestellt in das Geschehen einzugreifen. In ihren Fantasiegeschichten leben sie das aus, was sie im normalen depressiven Leben nicht verwirklichen können, und verhalten sich so, wie sie gerne in Wirklichkeit wären. In den beiden Persönlichkeitsfragebögen konnten deutliche Unterschiede (höherer Neurotizismus, niedrigere Extraversion) zwischen den beiden Stichproben festgestellt werden. In der Skala „Zielgerichtetheit” des BIFA-AL erzielten die Patienten deutlich niedrigere Werte als die gesunden Probanden. Die Patienten erreichten ferner ungünstigere Werte hinsichtlich der Primärsozialisation. Sie schildern ihre Primärsozialisation deutlich ungünstiger und belastender. Vorschläge hinsichtlich psychotherapeutischer Folgerungen aus diesen Befunden werden unterbreitet.
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Wang, Hai-Zhen, Ting-Ting Yang, James Gaskin, and Jin-Liang Wang. "The Longitudinal Association Between Passive Social Networking Site Usage and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Envy and Moderating Role of Life Satisfaction." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 3 (March 2019): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.3.181.
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Introduction: The relationship between Social Networking Site (SNS) usage and depressive symptoms is a growing concern among mental health researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to better understand the mechanism and context under which SNS use affects depressive symptoms. Method: We did this by examining envy as a mediator of the relationship between passive SNS usage and depression over time, with life satisfaction as a moderator of this mediation effect. The sample included 266 college students, who completed the surveys in two waves. Results: The results showed that envy fully mediated the association between passive SNS usage and depression. This indirect relationship was moderated by level of life satisfaction. Specifically, and unexpectedly, among individuals with higher levels of life satisfaction, more frequent passive SNS use was related to increased envy, which, in turn, was associated with increased depressive symptoms. However, this indirect relationship was non-significant for those with lower levels of life satisfaction. Discussion: Thus, the potential of passive SNS use to increase depressive symptoms through envy among individuals with high life satisfaction should be considered when mental health practitioners design interventions.
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Li, Guangxuan, Xi Chen, Zhicai Zhang, Lichun Wang, and Chris Soulsby. "Effects of passive-storage conceptualization on modeling hydrological function and isotope dynamics in the flow system of a cockpit karst landscape." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 5515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5515-2022.
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Abstract. Conceptualizing passive storage in coupled flow–isotope models can improve the simulation of mixing and attenuation effects on tracer transport in many natural systems, such as catchments or rivers. However, the effectiveness of incorporating different conceptualizations of passive storage in models of complex karst flow systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a coupled flow–isotope model that conceptualizes both “fast-flow” and “slow-flow” processes in heterogeneous aquifers as well as hydrological connections between steep hillslopes and low-lying depression units in cockpit karst landscapes. The model tested contrasting configurations of passive storage in the fast- and slow-flow systems and was optimized using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on detailed observational data of discharge and isotope dynamics in the Chenqi Catchment in southwestern China. Results show that one to three passive-storage zones distributed in hillslope fast-/slow-flow reservoirs and/or depression slow-flow reservoirs provided optimal model structures in the study catchment. This optimization can effectively improve the simulation accuracy for outlet discharge and isotope signatures. Additionally, the optimal tracer-aided model reflects dominant flow paths and connections of the hillslope and depression units, yielding reasonable source area apportionment for dominant hydrological components (e.g., more than ∼ 80 % of fast flow in the total discharge) and solute transport in the steep hillslope unit of karst flow systems. Our coupled flow–isotope model for karst systems provides a novel, flexible tool for more realistic catchment conceptualizations that can easily be transferred to other cockpit karst catchments.
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Jordan, Joshua T., Christina F. Chick, Camarin E. Rolle, Nathan Hantke, Christine E. Gould, Julie Lutz, Makoto Kawai, et al. "442 - Neurocognitive markers of passive suicidal ideation in late life depression." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161022000294x.
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Aims:Late life suicide is an international public health crisis, yet the mechanisms underlying late life suicide risk are far less understood compared to younger age groups. Executive dysfunction is widely documented in late life depression (LLD), and cognitive flexibility and inhibition are specifically hypothesized as vulnerabilities for suicide risk. There is some evidence that LLD patients with suicidal ideation or attempt suicide have worse executive dysfunction than LLD patients that do not; however, it is unknown whether these differences exist in Passive Suicidal Ideation (PSI), which may be an important early stage of suicide risk. Delineating the mechanisms of risk for PSI in LLD is a crucial direction for late life suicide research. The purpose of our study was to examine whether cognitive flexibility and inhibitory ability are neurocognitive markers of PSI. The secondary purpose of our study was to determine if neurocognitive differences due to PSI are mediated by volumetric differences in the prefrontal cortex.Methods:Forty community-dwelling middle- and older-aged adults with LLD (18 with PSI, 22 without) completed a neurocognitive battery that assessed cognitive flexibility, inhibitory ability, as well as other neurocognitive domains, and underwent structural neuroimaging.Results:The PSI group performed significantly worse on cognitive flexibility and inhibitory ability, but not on other neurocognitive tasks which included other measures of executive function. The PSI group had a larger left mid-frontal gyrus (LMFG) than those without PSI, but there was no association between LMFG and cognitive flexibility or inhibitory ability, nor was there statistical evidence of mediation.Conclusions:Our findings implicate a unique neurocognitive signature in LLD with PSI: poorer cognitive flexibility and poorer inhibitory ability not better accounted for by other domains of cognitive dysfunction and not mediated by volumetric differences in the prefrontal cortex. Volumetric brain differences in the LMFG appear unrelated to differences in cognitive flexibility and inhibitory ability, which suggests two specific but independent risk factors for PSI in middle- and older-aged adults.
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Renn, Brenna N., Abhishek Pratap, David C. Atkins, Sean D. Mooney, and Patricia A. Areán. "Smartphone-based passive assessment of mobility in depression: Challenges and opportunities." Mental Health and Physical Activity 14 (March 2018): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.04.003.
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De Steven, Diane, Rebecca R. Sharitz, Julian H. Singer, and Christopher D. Barton. "Testing a Passive Revegetation Approach for Restoring Coastal Plain Depression Wetlands." Restoration Ecology 14, no. 3 (September 2006): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00153.x.
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Lekkas, Damien, Joseph A. Gyorda, George D. Price, and Nicholas C. Jacobson. "Depression deconstructed: Wearables and passive digital phenotyping for analyzing individual symptoms." Behaviour Research and Therapy 168 (September 2023): 104382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2023.104382.
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Christiansen, E. A., and E. Karl Sauer. "Red Deer Hill: a drumlinized, glaciotectonic feature near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-104.
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Red Deer Hill is 5 km long, 3 km wide, and 70 m high. The hill is a glaciotectonic structure formed by a single 106 m thick thrust block, presumably derived from the 80 m deep, upglacier Holmes depression. The thrust block became dislodged by displacement along a presheared horizontal gouge zone where the shearing resistance of the clay was reduced to a residual state by the first (Mennon) glaciation. The hill–depression structure was formed by the Battleford glacier, which drumlinized Red Deer Hill before depositing a veneer of till over the structure. The Holmes depression was filled with glacial Lake Saskatchewan lacustrine and deltaic sediments. Horizontal displacement along a décollement in the direction of the activating force resulted in a stress environment changing from extension to compression. In the zone of extension (Holmes depression), an active Rankine state developed and beds stretched and thinned. In the zone of compression (Red Deer Hill), conversely, a passive Rankine state developed and the beds resisted compression and thickened. Drumlinization of the thrust block occurred as lateral pressures in the block mass changed from passive (stoss slope) to active (lee slope) downglacier.
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Freeman, G. L., and J. T. Colston. "Myocardial depression produced by sustained tachycardia in rabbits." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): H63—H67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.1.h63.
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Much recent attention has been focused on the tachycardia-induced heart failure model. We hypothesized that sustained tachycardia would lead to myocardial depression in rabbits, as it does in dogs and swine. We evaluated the passive and active length-tension relations and postrest contraction behavior in right ventricular papillary muscles from 22 New Zealand White rabbits, 11 controls, and 11 subjected to ventricular pacing at a rate of 400 beats/min for 29.4 +/- 10.6 days. Studies were performed in oxygenated buffer at 22 degrees C. Active tension was significantly reduced at muscle lengths of 0.95.Lmax and above; at Lmax it was 4.7 +/- 0.2 g/mm2 for the control group and 3.3 +/- 0.2 g/mm2 for the paced group (P less than 0.005). Both groups showed increased force development when the concentration of calcium in the buffer was increased. There were no differences between the groups in the passive length-tension relations. Of note, postrest contraction data showed that the second postrest beat was smaller for the paced animals for rest intervals up to 2 min, suggesting that beat-to-beat trans-sarcolemmal calcium handling may differ from normal in this model. We conclude that sustained tachycardia will lead to myocardial depression in rabbits; the extension of this model to a small animal species may offer new ways to explore its causative mechanisms.
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Liu, Chao, Hai Tao Xue, Shuang Wang, and Yu Jiao Sun. "Study on Law of Structural Evolution and Sedimentary Evolution for North Uskyurt Basin." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.302.
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North Uskyurt Basin, located on Turan Plain, northwestern Central Asian, is continental polycyclic cratonic. The structural evolution of the basin underwent six phases: basement formulation, passive edge, rifting, post-rifting, compression, early Neogene depression. Regional structural evolution takes control of complicated transition of North Uskyurt sedimentary structure. In general, basin sedimentary environment underwent basement (granite, metamorphic rocks) passive edge, late Devonian epoch carboniferous period (marine facies) rifting, late Permian epoch-triassic period (continental facies) post-rifting, Jurassic period-Cretaceous period (Marine-continental Transition Facies, marine facies) compression, late Eocene-Miocene epoch (marine-continental facies coexistence) Neogene depression, Pliocene-Holocene (continental facies). Consequently, sedimentary formation in which various sedimentary environment, such as marine facies, continental facies, are coexisted with various rock types, such as clastic rocks, carbonate rocks, is generated.
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Batinic, B., J. Nesvanulica, and I. Stankovic. "Relationship between pain-coping strategies, catastrophizing to pain and severity of depression." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.694.
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IntroductionStudies have shown that somatic pain influences the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD), and could be moderated through pain coping strategies and not catastrophizing to pain.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to ascertain the correlation between pain coping strategies, catastrophizing to pain and severity of depression.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 82 patients diagnosed with MDD, aged between 18 and 65 years old (M = 46.21). Assessment instruments included The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form-BPISF (consisting of two subscales: BPI1-intensity of pain, and BPI2-interference with daily functioning), The Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory-VPMI (consisting of active-VPMIAC and passive pain coping mechanism subscales-VPMIPC) and The Pain Catastrophizing Scale-PCS (consisting of subscales of rumination, exaggeration and helplessness).ResultsThe average BDI-II score was 27.21 (SD = 11.53); the average score at BPI1 was 2.99 (SD = 2.83) and 3.35 (SD = 3.26) at BPI2; the average scores on the active coping mechanism subscale was 20.72 (SD = 4.87), and on the passive coping mechanism subscale 34.05 (SD = 7.86); the average catastrophizing scale score was 28.78 (SD = 10.72). Active mechanism of pain coping has shown significant negative correlation with depression (r = –0.227, P > 0.05) while passive mechanism of pain coping has shown significant positive correlation with depression (r = 0.269, P > 0.05). Intensity of depression was significantly positively correlated with intensity of catastrophizing to pain (r = 0.358, P > 0.01) and its derivatives: rumination, exaggeration and helplessness.ConclusionInterventions focusing on targeting catastrophizing to pain and pain coping mechanisms should be considered in the treatment of patients with MDD with somatic pain.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Gassó, Aina M., Katrin Mueller-Johnson, and Irene Montiel. "Sexting, Online Sexual Victimization, and Psychopathology Correlates by Sex: Depression, Anxiety, and Global Psychopathology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031018.
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Recent research on sexting highlighted a relationship between this new technology-mediated behavior and psychopathology correlates, although up to date results are mixed, and so far, studies have often used simple and not clinically validated measures of mental health. This study aimed to investigate sexting behaviors, online sexual victimization, and related mental health correlates using clinically validated measures for global psychopathology, anxiety, and depression; and doing so separately for men and women. The sample consisted of 1370 Spanish college students (73.6% female; 21.4 mean age; SD = 4.85) who took part in an online survey about their engagement in sexting behaviors, online sexual victimization behaviors, and psychopathological symptomatology, measured by a sexting scale and the Listado de Síntomas Breve (brief symptom checklist) (LSB-50), respectively. Out of our total sample, 37.1% of participants had created and sent their own sexual content (active sexting), 60.3% had received sexual content (passive sexting), and 35.5% had both sent and received sexual content, with significant differences between male and female engagement in passive sexting. No differences were found between men and women in the prevalence of their victimization by nonconsensual dissemination of sexual content; however, women were more pressured and threatened into sexting than men. Sex differences in psychopathology were found only for depression prevalence rates but not for global psychopathology or anxiety. Furthermore, for male participants, our results showed a significant association only between online sexual victimization and psychopathology but not for consensual active and passive sexting. However, for the female participants, active sexting, passive sexting, and online sexual victimization were all associated with poorer mental health. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
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Draper, Brian, Henry Brodaty, Lee-Fay Low, and Vicki Richards. "Prediction of Mortality in Nursing Home Residents: Impact of Passive Self-Harm Behaviors." International Psychogeriatrics 15, no. 2 (June 2003): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610203008871.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether indirect self-destructive behaviors predict mortality in nursing home residents. Method: This cross-sectional study with follow-up after 2 years and 3 months surveyed 593 residents in 10 nursing homes in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The following instruments were used: Harmful Behaviors Scale (HBS), Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD), Functional Assessment Staging Scale, Resident Classificatin Index, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, Even Briefer Assessment Scales for Depression, and the suicide item from the Structured Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Diagnoses of depression, dementia, and psychosis were obtained from nursing home records. Mortality data were obtained in August 1999. Results: At follow-up, 297 (50.1%) residents were still alive with a mean survival time of 565.4 days. Survival analyses found that mortality was predicted by older age, male gender, lower level of functioning, lower levels of behavioral disturbance on the BEHAVE-AD, and higher scores on the HBS “passive self-harm” factor-based subscale, which includes refusal to eat, drink, or take medication. Discussion: These results suggest that passive self-harm behaviors predict mortality in nursing home residents.
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Dix, Theodore, Leah N. Meunier, Kathryn Lusk, and Michelle M. Perfect. "Mothers' depressive symptoms and children's facial emotions: Examining the depression–inhibition hypothesis." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000770.
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AbstractVibrant expression of emotion is the principal means infants and young children use to elicit appropriate and timely caregiving, stimulation, and support. This study examined the depression–inhibition hypothesis: that declines in mothers' support as their depressive symptoms increase inhibit children's emotional communication. Ninety-four mothers and their 14- to 27-month-olds interacted in a university playroom. Based on microanalytic coding of discrete facial displays, results supported three components of the hypothesis. (a) As mothers' depressive symptoms increased, children displayed less facial emotion (more flat affect, less joy, less sadness, less negative). (b) Mothers' low emotional and behavioral support predicted children's low facial communication and mediated relations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's infrequent emotion. (c) Children who were passive with mothers behaviorally expressed emotion infrequently. Children's passivity mediated relations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's infrequent emotion displays. Contrary to modeling and contagion theories, mothers' facial displays did not mediate relations between their depressive symptoms and children's facial displays. Nor were the outcomes children experienced regulating their facial displays. Rather, findings suggest that, even when depressive symptoms are modest, young children inhibit emotion as mothers' depressive symptoms increase to withdraw from unresponsive mothers, which may adversely affect children's subsequent relationships and competencies.
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Muramatsu, Hiroyuki, Koichi Iwata, Yoshiyuki Tsuboi, Chihiro Tsujimoto, Iwao Sato, Masayuki Takeuchi, Masana Sasaki, and Rhyuji Sumino. "Effect of passive jaw depression on TMJD. neurons in cat SI cortex." Japanese Journal of Oral Biology 33, no. 3 (1991): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2330/joralbiosci1965.33.245.
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Kemp, A., and D. Manahan-Vaughan. "Passive Spatial Perception Facilitates the Expression of Persistent Hippocampal Long-Term Depression." Cerebral Cortex 22, no. 7 (September 13, 2011): 1614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr233.
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Ramírez-Maestre, Carmen, Rosa Esteve, and Alicia E. López. "The Role of Optimism and Pessimism in Chronic Pain Patients Adjustment." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 1 (March 2012): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n1.37335.
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This study analyses the relationships between patients' dispositional optimism and pessimism and the coping strategies they use. In addition, the coping strategies repercussions on adjustment to chronic pain were studied. Ninety-eight patients with heterogeneous chronic pain participated. The assessment tools were as follows: Life Orientation Test (LOT), the Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory (VPMI), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Impairment and Functioning Inventory for Chronic Pain Patients (IFI). The hypothetical model establishes positive relationships between optimism and the use of active coping strategies, whereas pessimism is related to the use of passive coping. Active coping is associated with low levels of pain, anxiety, depression and impairment and high levels of functioning. However, passive coping is related to high levels of pain, anxiety, depression and impairment and low levels of functioning. The hypothetical model was empirically tested using the LISREL 8.20 software package and the unweighted least squares method. The results support the hypotheses formulated regarding the relations among optimism, pessimism, coping and adjust of chronic pain patients. By analysing optimism among chronic pain patients, clinicians could make better predictions regarding coping and adjustment.
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Dybciak, Paweł, Ewa Humeniuk, Dorota Raczkiewicz, Jan Krakowiak, Artur Wdowiak, and Iwona Bojar. "Anxiety and Depression in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Medicina 58, no. 7 (July 16, 2022): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070942.
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Background and Objectives: Mental health disorders are often the consequence of hormonal disorders such as those accompanying polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where changes in appearance and having to deal with a number of other problems occur due to this illness. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, the level of ego-resiliency, and the ways that women with PCOS cope with stress compared to healthy women in order to determine the influence of socio-demographic characteristics in relation to levels of anxiety and depression with ego-resiliency and stress-coping methods. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Poland in 2021 and included 230 women with PCOS and 199 healthy controls aged 20–40 years old. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADs), ego-resiliency scale, as well as the MINI-COPE inventory were used. Results: The women with PCOS had higher levels of anxiety and depression and poorer ego-resiliency in comparison to the healthy women. The women with PCOS used passive stress-coping strategies significantly more commonly than the healthy women. Living in rural areas, having a lower level of education and being childless increased anxiety levels. Similarly, being over 30, living in a rural area, having a lower level of education, being childless, and being obese increased depression levels in the women with PCOS. A low level of ego-resiliency and passive stress-coping strategies are predictors of high levels of anxiety and depression in women with PCOS. Conclusions: Women with PCOS should be checked for anxiety and depression. They should also be checked to see whether they have the resources to cope with chronic stress in order to optimize therapeutic interventions.
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Starikova, N. L., and O. S. Shubina. "Patient’s personality and quality of life in migraine." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 8, no. 1(2) (February 28, 2009): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2009-1(2)-78-82.
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Determinants of quality of life (QL) in migraine remain unclear. We studied QL in 70 migraine patients and 10 healthy subjects. QL in migraine strongly correlated with passive coping strategies preference, levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: patient’s personality determinates QL in migraine.
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Parry, B. L., C. L. Ehlers, N. Mostofi, and E. Phillips. "Personality traits in LLPDD and normal controls during follicular and luteal menstrual-cycle phases." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033833.
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SynopsisIn 15 women with Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder (LLPDD) and in 15 normal control subjects, personality traits were assessed using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) during follicular and luteal menstrual-cycle phases. Compared with controls, LLPDD subjects had less compulsive but more passive/aggressive and borderline/cycloid traits, and more depression and hypomania. Menstrual-cycle phase did not significantly affect personality variables in either group. In particular, depression and hypomania in LLPDD subjects suggests a relationship with affective disorders.
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Joodaki, Mehran, Maryam Radahmadi, and Hojjatallah Alaei. "Comparing the Therapeutic Effects of Crocin, Escitalopram and Co-Administration of Escitalopram and Crocin on Learning and Memory in Rats with Stress-Induced Depression." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 28, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2021.28.4.6.
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Background: Depression affects various brain functions. According to previous studies, escitalopram influences brain functions in depression and crocin reduces memory impairments. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of using crocin and escitalopram (separately and in combination) on learning and memory in rats with stress-induced depression. Methods: Fifty-six rats were allocated into seven groups of control, sham, continuous depression, recovery period, daily injections of escitalopram, crocin and escitalopram-crocin during 14 days after inducing depression by stress. Passive avoidance (PA) test was used to assess brain functions. Results: Latency has significant differences in depression group. Also, it significantly increased in depression-crocin, depression-escitalopram and depression-escitalopram-crocin groups compared to the depression group. The dark stay (DS) time was significantly higher in the depression and depression-recovery groups. However, the DS time significantly decreased in the depression-crocin, depression-escitalopram and depression-escitalopram-crocin groups. Furthermore, the number of entrances to the dark room was significantly lower in depression-crocin and depression-escitalopram-crocin groups compared to the depression one. Conclusion: Different depression treatments (i.e. crocin, escitalopram and crocin- escitalopram) reduced depression-induced memory deficits. Crocin and escitalopram-crocin, respectively, improved brain functions and locomotor activity more than escitalopram. Comparatively, in subjects with depression, crocin, which is an effective saffron constituent, partially affected the memory deficits better than escitalopram (as a chemical component).
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Rogers, Megan L., Ian H. Stanley, Melanie A. Hom, Bruno Chiurliza, Matthew C. Podlogar, and Thomas E. Joiner. "Conceptual and Empirical Scrutiny of Covarying Depression Out of Suicidal Ideation." Assessment 25, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116645907.
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Depression and suicidal ideation are highly intertwined constructs. A common practice in suicide research is to control for depression when predicting suicidal ideation, yet implications of this practice have not been subjected to sufficient empirical scrutiny. We explore what, precisely, is represented in a suicidal ideation variable with depression covaried out. In an adult psychiatric outpatient sample ( N = 354), we computed two variables—depression with suicidal ideation covaried out, and suicidal ideation with depression covaried out—and examined correlations between these residuals, three factors comprising a variegated collection of psychological correlates of suicidal ideation, psychiatric diagnoses, and past suicidal behavior. Findings indicated that suicidal ideation with depression covaried out appears to be characterized by fearlessness about death, self-sacrifice, and externalizing pathology. We propose that suicidal ideation may comprise two distinct components: desire for death (passive ideation and depressive cognitions) and will (self-sacrifice, fearlessness, externalizing behavior). Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Tartaglia, Stefano, and Elisa Bergagna. "Social networking sites passive use and its effects on sad-happy mood." Psihologija, no. 00 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi201002008t.
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The social comparison theory explains some negative effect of social networking sites (SNSs) use. These Internet applications have made easier the online social comparison that in turn predicts depression and lower life satisfaction. Individuals prone to depression engage in greater levels of social comparison, particularly with others who are thought to be slightly better off, and experience a decrease in mood or self-esteem in the light of others? perceived happiness. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of the use of SNSs on the mood in an experimental design. In total, 120 university students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the experimental groups, the participants were instructed to access their Facebook and browse personal profiles for 20 minutes; while in the control, they read articles. For the participants with initial low mood using Facebook further lowered their mood whereas for the other participants did not have any effect. Furthermore, using Facebook lowered the mood of the participants not accustomed to use it frequently.
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de Kloet, E. R., and M. L. Molendijk. "Coping with the Forced Swim Stressor: Towards Understanding an Adaptive Mechanism." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6503162.
Full textAbstract:
In the forced swim test (FST) rodents progressively show increased episodes of immobility if immersed in a beaker with water from where escape is not possible. In this test, a compound qualifies as a potential antidepressant if it prevents or delays the transition to this passive (energy conserving) behavioural style. In the past decade however the switch from active to passive “coping” was used increasingly to describe the phenotype of an animal that has been exposed to a stressful history and/or genetic modification. A PubMed analysis revealed that in a rapidly increasing number of papers (currently more than 2,000) stress-related immobility in the FST is labeled as a depression-like phenotype. In this contribution we will examine the different phases of information processing during coping with the forced swim stressor. For this purpose we focus on the action of corticosterone that is mediated by the closely related mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the limbic brain. The evidence available suggests a model in which we propose that the limbic MR-mediated response selection operates in complementary fashion with dopaminergic accumbens/prefrontal executive functions to regulate the transition between active and passive coping styles. Upon rescue from the beaker the preferred, mostly passive, coping style is stored in the memory via a GR-dependent action in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. It is concluded that the rodent’s behavioural response to a forced swim stressor does not reflect depression. Rather the forced swim experience provides a unique paradigm to investigate the mechanistic underpinning of stress coping and adaptation.
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Smith, Orla M., Kelly Metcalfe, Martine Puts, Ellen McDonald, Shivon Sue-Chee, and Jan O. Friedrich. "Role Incongruence and Psychological Stress Symptoms in Substitute Decision Makers of Intensive Care Patients." American Journal of Critical Care 29, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2020307.
Full textAbstract:
Background Most intensive care patients require substitute decision makers (SDMs) to make decisions. The SDMs may prefer an active, shared, or passive decision-making role. Role incongruence is when preferred and actual roles differ. Objective To evaluate the impact of decision-making role preferences and role incongruence on psychological distress symptoms in SDMs. Methods A multicenter, interviewer-administered survey was conducted among SDMs of critically ill adults. The Control Preferences Scale was used to evaluate role preferences. Psychological distress was defined as anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress symptoms with predefined cut points on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (score > 10 on the anxiety or the depression subscale) and Impact of Events Scale (score > 30). Results One hundred eighty SDMs were recruited; 64% responded. Most were white (71%) and female (65%); 46% were spouses. Role preferences varied: active, 24%; shared, 44%; and passive, 31%. Almost half (49%) reported incongruence. Symptom prevalence was 50% for posttraumatic stress, 32% for anxiety, and 16% for depression. Most (56%) reported some psychological distress. In multivariable logistic regression, the composite outcome of psychological distress was independently associated with patient death (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.08-8.02; P = .03), female sex of SDM (odds ratio, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.49-5.89; P = .002), and incongruence (odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.67-6.36; P < .001). Conclusions Adverse psychological symptoms are prevalent in SDMs of critically ill patients and are related to role incongruence.