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Journal articles on the topic 'Passive bistatic radar techniques'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Chen, Yongqian, Songhua Yan, and Jianya Gong. "Deformation Estimation Using Beidou GEO-Satellite-Based Reflectometry." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163285.

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Deformation monitoring has been brought to the fore and extensively studied in recent years. Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) techniques have so far been developed in deformation estimation applications, which however, are subject to the influence of mobile satellites. Rather than compensating for the path delay variations caused by mobile satellites, adopting Beidou geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites as transmitters directly eliminates the satellite-motion-induced phase error and thus provides access to stable phase information. This paper presents a novel deformation monitoring concept based on GNSS-R utilizing Beidou GEO satellites. The geometrical properties of the GEO-based bistatic GNSS radar system are explored to build a theoretical connection between deformation quantity and the echo carrier phases. A deformation retrieval algorithm is proposed based on the supporting software receiver, thus allowing echo carrier phases to be extracted and utilized in deformation retrieval. Two field validation experiments are conducted by constructing passive bistatic radars with reflecting plates and ground receiver. Utilizing the proposed algorithm, the experimental results suggested that the GEO-based GNSS reflectometry can achieve deformation estimations with an accuracy of around 1 cm when the extracted phases does not exceed one complete cycle, while better than 3 cm when considering the correct integer number of phase cycles. Consequently, based on the passive bistatic radar system, the potential of achieving continuous, low-cost deformation monitoring makes this novel technique noteworthy.

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Liu, Baojin, Xiaoyong Lyu, and Wenbing Fan. "Analysis of 5G Signal for Radar Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2356, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2356/1/012027.

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In this paper we evaluate the fifth generation (5G) communication signal from the perspective of radar sensing. The passive radars exploit the third-part transmitted signals in the space as the illuminators of opportunity (IoO), and has gained renewed interest. The 5G signal has large bandwidth and advanced modulation technique, offering great potential for radar uses. This paper takes an analysis of the 5G signal from the perspective of radar sensing. We provide a detailed description of the 5G signal protocol, and evaluate the detection capability of the 5G signal based passive radar in terms of bistatic range resolution, range resolution, the signal to noise ratio distribution. Furthermore, we introduce a signal processing method that may be a candidate for target sensing in the 5G signal based passive radar. Simulation verifies the effectiveness of this method.

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3

Rosado-Sanz, Javier, María Pilar Jarabo-Amores, David De la Mata-Moya, and Nerea Rey-Maestre. "Adaptive Beamforming Approaches to Improve Passive Radar Performance in Sea and Wind Farms’ Clutter." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 6865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186865.

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This article presents the problem of passive radar vessel detection in a real coastal scenario in the presence of sea and wind farms’ clutter, which are characterised by high spatial and time variability due to the influence of weather conditions. Deterministic and adaptive beamforming techniques are proposed and evaluated using real data. Key points such as interference localisation and characterisation are tackled in the passive bistatic scenario with omnidirectional illuminators that critically increase the area of potential clutter sources to areas far from the surveillance area. Adaptive beamforming approaches provide significant Signal-to-Interference improvements and important radar coverage improvements. In the presented case study, an aerial target is detected 28 km far from the passive radar receiver, fulfilling highly demanding performance requirements.

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4

Zaman, Fawad, Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi, Ata Ur Rehman, and Shujaat Ali Khan Tanoli. "Multiple Target Localization with Bistatic Radar Using Heuristic Computational Intelligence Techniques." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/982967.

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We assume Bistatic Phase Multiple Input Multiple Output radar having passive Centrosymmetric Cross Shape Sensor Array (CSCA) on its receiver. Let the transmitter of this Bistatic radar send coherent signals using a subarray that gives a fairly wide beam with a large solid angle so as to cover up any potential relevant target in the near field. We developed Heuristic Computational Intelligence (HCI) based techniques to jointly estimate the range, amplitude, and elevation and azimuth angles of these multiple targets impinging on the CSCA. In this connection, first the global search optimizers, that is,are developed separately Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) are developed separately, and, to enhance the performances further, both of them are hybridized with a local search optimizer called Active Set Algorithm (ASA). Initially, the performance of PSO, DE, PSO hybridized with ASA, and DE hybridized with ASA are compared with each other and then with some traditional techniques available in literature using root mean square error (RMSE) as figure of merit.

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Hu, Panhe, Qinglong Bao, and Zengping Chen. "DOA Estimation Method in Multipath Environment for Passive Bistatic Radar." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (June 20, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7419156.

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Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in multipath environment is an important issue for passive bistatic radar (PBR) using frequency agile phased array VHF radar as illuminator of opportunity. Under such scenario, the main focus of this paper is to cope with the closely spaced uncorrelated and coherent signals in low signal-to-noise ratio and limited snapshots. Making full use of the characteristics of moduli of eigenvalues, the DOAs of the uncorrelated signals are firstly estimated. Afterwards, their contributions are eliminated by means of spatial difference technique. Finally, in order to improve resolution and accuracy DOA estimation of remaining coherent signals while avoiding the cross-terms effect, a new beamforming solution based iterative adaptive approach (IAA) is proposed to deal with a reconstructed covariance matrix. The proposed method combines the advantages of both spatial difference method and the IAA algorithm while avoiding their shortcomings. Simulation results validate its effectiveness; meanwhile, the good performances of the proposed method in terms of resolution probability, detection probability, and estimation accuracy are demonstrated by comparison with the existing methods.

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6

Zhao, Zhixin, Sihang Zhu, Yuhao Wang, Siyuan Cheng, and Sheng Hong. "Adaptive Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation for Passive Bistatic Radar Using OFDM Waveform." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1892512.

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High frequency passive bistatic radar (HFPBR) is a novel and promising technique in development. DRM broadcast exploiting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique supplies a good choice for the illuminator of HFPBR. HFPBR works in crowded short wave band. It faces severe radio frequency interference (RFI) problem. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the range-domain correlation of RFI in OFDM-based HF radar is presented. A RFI mitigation method in the range domain is introduced. After the direct-path wave rejection, the interference subspace is constructed using the echo signals at the reserved range bins. Then RFI in the effective range bins is mitigated by the subspace projection, using the correlation among different range bins. The introduced algorithm is easy to perform in practice and the RFI mitigation performance is evaluated using the experimental data of DRM-based HFPBR.

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7

Hu, Panhe, Xiaolong Su, and Zhen Liu. "Direction Finding for Passive Bistatic Radar in the Presence of Multipath Propagation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (December 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7562517.

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In the case of multipath propagation for passive bistatic radar (PBR) using uncooperative frequency agile-phased array radar as an illuminator, a new direction-finding method is proposed to deal with the scenario where the coherent and uncorrelated signals are closely spaced or in the same direction. Firstly, spatial difference technique is used to eliminate uncorrelated signals. Then, in order to avoid the cross-terms effect and improve the resolution of coherent signal, the iterative adaptive method (IAA) is adopted for the rearranged spatial difference matrix. Finally, the direction of arrival (DOA) of the target signal is obtained by the reconstruction of the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix. Compared with previous studies, this method has better performance in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited number of snapshots.

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8

Abratkiewicz, Karol, and Piotr Samczyński. "A Block Method Using the Chirp Rate Estimation for NLFM Radar Pulse Reconstruction." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19225015.

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This paper presents a novel approach to fast and accurate non-linear pulse signal reconstruction dedicated for electromagnetic sensors and their applications such as ELectronic INTelligence (ELINT), electronic warfare (EW), electronic reconnaissance (ER) systems, as well as for passive bistatic radar purposes in which other pulse radars are used as a source of illumination. The method is based on the instantaneous chirp rate (CR) estimation in the time-frequency (TF) domain providing a calculation of the frequency rate between every two consecutive samples. Such a new method allows for the precise reconstruction of the non-linear frequency modulated (NLFM) signal to be carried out in significantly shorter time in comparison to methods known in the literature. The presented approach was tested and validated using both simulated and real-life radar signals proving the usability of the proposed solution in practical applications. The results were compared with the precise extended generalized chirp transform (EGCT) method as a reference technique, using optimal matched filtration as the main concept.

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9

Milani, Ileana, Carlo Bongioanni, Fabiola Colone, and Pierfrancesco Lombardo. "Fusing Measurements from Wi-Fi Emission-Based and Passive Radar Sensors for Short-Range Surveillance." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183556.

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In this work, we consider the joint use of different passive sensors for the localization and tracking of human targets and small drones at short ranges, based on the parasitic exploitation of Wi-Fi signals. Two different sensors are considered in this paper: (i) Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR) that exploits the Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) as an illuminator of opportunity to perform uncooperative target detection and localization and (ii) Passive Source Location (PSL) that uses radio frequency (RF) transmissions from the target to passively localize it, assuming that it is equipped with Wi-Fi devices. First, we show that these techniques have complementary characteristics with respect to the considered surveillance applications that typically include targets with highly variable motion parameters. Therefore, an appropriate sensor fusion strategy is proposed, based on a modified version of the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) tracking algorithm, in order to benefit from the information diversity provided by the two sensors. The performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated against both simulated and experimental data and compared to the performance of the single sensors. The results confirm that the joint exploitation of the considered sensors based on the proposed strategy largely improves the positioning accuracy, target motion recognition capability and continuity in target tracking.

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10

Zhou, Xueqin, Hong Ma, and Hang Xu. "An Experimental Multi-Target Tracking of AM Radio-Based Passive Bistatic Radar System via Multi-Static Doppler Shifts." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 6196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186196.

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This paper presents a description of recent research and the multi-target tracking in experimental passive bistatic radar (PBR) system taking advantage of numerous non-cooperative AM radio signals via multi-static doppler shifts. However, it raises challenges for use by multiple spatially distributed AM radio illuminators for multi-target tracking in PBR system due to complex data association hypotheses and no directly used tracking algorithm in the practical scenario. To solve these problems, after a series of key array signal processing techniques in the self-developed system, by constructing a nonlinear measurement model, the novel method is proposed to accommodate nonlinear model by using the unscented transformation (UT) in Gaussian mixture (GM) implementation of iterated-corrector cardinality-balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli (CBMeMBer). Simulation and experimental results analysis verify the feasibility of this approach used in a practical PBR system for moving multi-target tracking.

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11

Wang, Xing, Lin Chen, Fang Li, Chunheng Liu, Ying Liu, Zhou Xu, and Hairong Zhang. "A Hybrid Method of Adaptive Cross Approximation Algorithm and Chebyshev Approximation Technique for Fast Broadband BCS Prediction Applicable to Passive Radar Detection." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020295.

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A hybrid method combining the adaptive cross approximation method (ACA) and the Chebyshev approximation technique (CAT) is presented for fast wideband BCS prediction of arbitrary-shaped 3D targets based on non-cooperative radiation sources. The incident and scattering angles can be computed by using their longitudes, latitudes and altitudes according to the relative positions of the satellite, the target and the passive bistatic radar. The ACA technique can be employed to reduce the memory requirement and computation time by compressing the low-rank matrix blocks. By exploiting the CAT into ACA, it is only required to calculate the currents at several Chebyshev–Gauss frequency sampling points instead of direct point-by-point simulations. Moreover, a wider frequency band can be obtained by using the Maehly approximation. Three numerical examples are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid ACA-CAT method.

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12

Carreno-Luengo, Hugo, Guido Luzi, and Michele Crosetto. "Impact of the Elevation Angle on CYGNSS GNSS-R Bistatic Reflectivity as a Function of Effective Surface Roughness over Land Surfaces." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111749.

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The Earth’s surface bistatic reflectivity Γ L H C P , C y G N S S is experimentally characterized using the novel Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) L-band passive multistatic radar technique from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite Systems (CyGNSS) eight-microsatellite constellation. The focus of this study is to evaluate the influence of the GNSS satellites’ elevation angle θ e on Γ L H C P , C y G N S S , as a function of soil moisture content (SMC) and effective surface roughness parameter h . As the average response, the change of the scattering regime at a global scale and considering also vegetated surfaces appears at θ e ≈ 55°. This empirical observation is understood as a change on the dominant scattering term, from incoherent to coherent. Then, the correlation of Γ L H C P , C y G N S S and SMC is evaluated as a function of θ e over specific sparsely vegetated target areas. The smoother the surface, the higher the angular variability of the Pearson correlation coefficients. Over croplands (e.g., Argentinian Pampas), an improved correlation coefficient is achieved over angular ranges where the coherent scattering regime becomes the dominant one. As such, this function depends on the surface roughness. The maximum correlation coefficients are found at different θ e for increasing mean roughness levels: r P a m p a s ≈ 0.78 at θ e ≈ [60,70]°, r I n d i a ≈ 0.72 at θ e ≈ [50,60]°, and r S u d a n ≈ 0.74 at θ e ≈ [30,40]°. SMC retrieval algorithms based on GNSS-R multi-angular information could benefit from these findings, so as to improve the accuracy using single-polarized signals.

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13

Molina, Iñigo, Andrés Calabia, Shuanggen Jin, Komi Edokossi, and Xuerui Wu. "Calibration and Validation of CYGNSS Reflectivity through Wetlands’ and Deserts’ Dielectric Permittivity." Remote Sensing 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143262.

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The reflection of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals, namely GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R), has recently proven to be able to monitor land surface properties in the microwave spectrum, at a global scale, and with very low revisiting time. Moreover, this new technique has numerous additional advantages, including low cost, low power consumption, lightweight and small payloads, and near real-time massive data availability, as compared to conventional monostatic microwave remote sensing. However, the GNSS-R surface reflectivity values estimated through the bistatic radar equation, and the Fresnel coefficients have shown a lack of coincidence with real surface reflectivity data, mostly due to calibration issues. Previous studies have attempted to avoid this matter with direct regression methods between uncalibrated GNSS-R reflectivity data and external soil moisture content (SMC) products. However, calibration of GNSS-R reflectivity used in traditional inversion models is still a challenge, such as those to estimate SMC, freeze/thaw, or biomass. In this paper, a successful procedure for GNSS-R reflectivity calibration is established using data from the CYGNSS (Cyclone GNSS) constellation. The scale and bias parameters are estimated from the theoretical dielectric properties of water and dry sand, which are well-known and empirically validated values. We employ four calibration areas that provide maximum range limits of reflectivity, such as deserts and wetlands. The CYGNSS scale factor and the bias parameter resulted in a = 3.77 and b = 0.018, respectively. The derived scale and bias parameters are applied to the CYGNSS dataset, and the retrieved SMC values through the Fresnel reflection coefficients are in excellent agreement with the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SMC product. Then, the SMAP SMC is used as a reference true value, and provides a standard linear regression with an R-square coefficient of 0.803, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.084, and a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.896.

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14

Malanowski, Mateusz. "Algorithm for Target Tracking Using Passive Radar." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0047-x.

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Abstract In the paper the problem of target tracking in passive radar is addressed. Passive radar measures bistatic parameters of a target: bistatic range and bistatic velocity. The aim of the tracking algorithm is to convert the bistatic measurements into Cartesian coordinates. In the paper a two-stage tracking algorithm is presented, using bistatic and Cartesian tracking. In addition, a target localization algorithm is applied to initialize Cartesian tracks from bistatic measurements. The tracking algorithm is tested using simulated and real data. The real data were obtained from an FM-based passive radar called PaRaDe, developed at Warsaw University of Technology.

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15

Gang, Chen, and Wang Jun. "Target detection method in passive bistatic radar." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 31, no. 3 (June 2020): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2020.000021.

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Smith, Graeme E., Kevin Chetty, Christopher John Baker, and Karl Woodbridge. "Extended time processing for passive bistatic radar." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 7, no. 9 (December 2013): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2012.0321.

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Mazurek, Gustaw, Krzysztof Kulpa, Mateusz Malanowski, and Aleksander Droszcz. "Experimental Seaborne Passive Radar." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062171.

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Passive bistatic radar does not emit energy by itself but relies on the energy emitted by illuminators of opportunity, such as radio or television transmitters. Ground-based passive radars are relatively well-developed, as numerous demonstrators and operational systems are being built. Passive radar on a moving platform, however, is a relatively new field. In this paper, an experimental seaborne passive radar system is presented. The radar uses digital radio (DAB) and digital television (DVB-T) for target detection. Results of clutter analysis are presented, as well as detections of real-life targets.

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18

Kazem, Ali, Adnan Malki, and Anas Mahmoud Almanofi. "Target Coordinates Estimation by Passive Radar with a Single non-Cooperative Transmitter and a Single Receiver." Journal of communications software and systems 16, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v16i2.984.

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Passive radar is a bistatic radar that detects and tracks targets by processing reflections from non-cooperative transmitters. Due to the bistatic geometry for this radar, a target can be localized in Cartesian coordinates by using one of the following bistatic geometries: multiple non-cooperative transmitters and a single receiver, or a single non-cooperative transmitter and multiple receivers, whereas the diversity of receivers or non-cooperative transmitters leads to extra signal processing and a ghost target phenomenon. To mitigate these two disadvantages, we present a new method to estimate Cartesian coordinates of a target by a passive radar system with a single non-cooperative transmitter and a single receiver. This method depends on the ability of the radar receiver to analyze a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and estimate two arrival angles for the target’s echo signal. The proposed passive radar system is simulated with a Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) transmitter, and the simulation results show the efficiency of this system compared with results of other researches.

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Raout, J., A. Santori, and E. Moreau. "Passive bistatic noise radar using DVB-T signals." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 4, no. 3 (2010): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0053.

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Malanowski, Mateusz, Krzysztof Borowiec, Stanislaw Rzewuski, and Krzysztof Kulpa. "Detection of supersonic rockets using passive bistatic radar." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 33, no. 1 (January 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2017.160198.

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21

Zaimbashi, A., M. Derakhtian, and A. Sheikhi. "GLRT-Based CFAR Detection in Passive Bistatic Radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 49, no. 1 (January 2013): 134–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6404095.

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22

Brown, J., K. Woodbridge, A. Stove, and S. Watts. "Air target detection using airborne passive bistatic radar." Electronics Letters 46, no. 20 (2010): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1732.

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Brown, James, Karl Woodbridge, Hugh Griffiths, Andy Stove, and Simon Watts. "Passive bistatic radar experiments from an airborne platform." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 27, no. 11 (November 2012): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2012.6380826.

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Wang, Haitao, Jun Wang, and Hongwei Li. "Target detection using CDMA based passive bistatic radar." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 23, no. 6 (December 2012): 858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsee.2012.00105.

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Hadi, Muhammad Abdul, Muhammad Naveed Tabassum, and Saleh Alshebeili. "Compressive sensing based high-resolution passive bistatic radar." Signal, Image and Video Processing 11, no. 4 (November 4, 2016): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-016-1004-4.

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26

Djordjevic, Ivan B. "On Entanglement-Assisted Multistatic Radar Techniques." Entropy 24, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24070990.

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Entanglement-based quantum sensors have much better sensitivity than corresponding classical sensors in a noisy and lossy regime. In our recent paper, we showed that the entanglement-assisted (EA) joint monostatic–bistatic quantum radar performs much better than conventional radars. Here, we propose an entanglement-assisted (EA) multistatic radar that significantly outperforms EA bistatic, coherent state-based quantum, and classical radars. The proposed EA multistatic radar employs multiple entangled transmitters performing transmit-side optical phase conjugation, multiple coherent detection-based receivers serving as EA detectors, and a joint detector.

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Song, Jie, Wei Xiong, Xiaolong Chen, and Yuan Lu. "Experimental Study of Maritime Moving Target Detection Using Hitchhiking Bistatic Radar." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153611.

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Hitchhiking bistatic radar system takes the direct wave signal that is transmitted by the non-cooperative radar emitter as the reference to detect and analyze the target echo signal, so as to realize the positioning and tracking of the target. This radar system has the advantages of low cost and strong survivability. Aiming at the problem of passive radar to covert the detection of maritime targets, this paper develops a hitchhiking bistatic radar system for maritime target detection, which uses the shore-based radar as the non-cooperative radar emitter. By continuously collecting the direct wave and target echo data of the non-cooperative radar, the direct wave reference signal reconstruction, pulse compression, interference suppression and synchronization processing, non-coherent integration, MTI (moving target indication), clutter map processing, and adaptive CFAR (constant false alarm rate) detection are completed to obtain the azimuth, bistatic range, and Doppler frequency of the target, and finally realize the positioning of non-cooperative maritime targets. This paper first introduces and demonstrates the composition principle of the system, introduces the signal processing implementation method of the system in detail, and tests and analyzes the key algorithms. The experimental results show that the system can realize the passive coherent detection of maritime moving targets and locate multiple targets at the same time. The experiment obtains a very clear PPI (plane position indicator) display picture of the hitchhiking bistatic radar system, and the radar detection data of the experimental system is in good agreement with the AIS (automatic identification system) data.

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Wang, H., J. Wang, and L. Zhong. "Mismatched filter for analogue TV-based passive bistatic radar." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 5, no. 5 (2011): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2010.0136.

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Gang, Chen, Wang Jun, Guo Shuai, Wang Jue, and Su Siyuan. "Improved mismatched filtering for ATV‐based passive bistatic radar." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 12, no. 6 (April 13, 2018): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2017.0476.

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Zhao, Zhixin, Xinhua Zhou, Tao Weng, Xin Zhou, and Kaikai Zhang. "Target detection approach for DRM-based passive bistatic radar." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 7868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.0657.

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Wang, Feng, Shuang Wei, and Defu Jiang. "Co-frequency Interference Suppression for Aerostat Passive Bistatic Radar." Chinese Journal of Electronics 27, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cje.2017.08.017.

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Pan, Jiameng, Panhe Hu, Qian Zhu, Qinglong Bao, and Zengping Chen. "Feasibility Study of Passive Bistatic Radar Based on Phased Array Radar Signals." Electronics 8, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070728.

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This paper presents the concept of a passive bistatic radar (PBR) system using existing phased array radar (PAR) as the source of illumination. Different from PBR based on common civil illuminators of opportunity, we develop an experimental PBR system using an high-power air surveillance PAR with abundant signal modulation forms as the transmitter. After the introduction of the PBR system and PAR signals, it can be concluded that the agility of the waveform parameters of PAR signal brings two problems to the signal processing of the PBR systems, which are not discussed in conventional PBR systems. The first problem is the time and frequency synchronization of the system, so we propose a direct wave parameter estimation method based on template matching to estimate the parameters of the transmitted signal in real time to achieve time and frequency synchronization of the system. The second problem is the coherent integration for moving target detection and weak target detection, so we propose a coherent integration method based on Radon–Nonuniform Fast Fourier Transform (Radon-NUFFT) to deal with the problems introduced by the agile waveform parameters. Preliminary results from the field experiment demonstrate the feasibility of the PBR system based on PAR signals, and the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified.

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Samczyński, Piotr, Michał Wilkowski, and Krzysztof Kulpa. "Trial Results on Bistatic Passive Radar Using Non-Cooperative Pulse Radar as Illuminator of Opportunity." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0025-3.

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Trial Results on Bistatic Passive Radar Using Non-Cooperative Pulse Radar as Illuminator of Opportunity The paper presents the concept of passive radar exploiting the active Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar as the source of illumination, and the primary results of the measurement campaign carried out at the DSP Laboratory of the Warsaw University of Technology. The system, built using commercial off the shelf components, was able to detect and track airliners landing at Warsaw airport. To verify the system accuracy the IFF mode S messages were recorded, providing ground truth of the observed planes.

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Sahr, John D., and Frank D. Lind. "The Manastash Ridge radar: A passive bistatic radar for upper atmospheric radio science." Radio Science 32, no. 6 (November 1997): 2345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97rs02454.

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35

Yasen Wang, Qinglong Bao, Dinghe Wang, and Zengping Chen. "An Experimental Study of Passive Bistatic Radar Using Uncooperative Radar as a Transmitter." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 12, no. 9 (September 2015): 1868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2432574.

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36

Vorobev, E. N., V. I. Veremyev, and D. V. Kholodnyak. "RECOGNITION OF PROPELLER-DRIVEN AIRCRAFT IN A PASSIVE BISTATIC RADAR." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 6 (January 18, 2019): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-6-75-82.

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Nowadays passive bistatic radars (PBR) allow for detection, determination of coordinates and tracking of moving objects. In order to enable PBR integration into air traffic control systems, it is necessary to solve the problem of recognizing airborne objects, in particular, propeller-driven aircraft (AC). This will increase the degree of aviation safety. To solve the recognition problem, the analysis of propeller-driven aircraft echo signals, such as helicopter and propeller airplane, is performed. The in-formative features that can be used for recognition of propeller-driven aircraft in PBRs are defined. The method for propeller-driven aircraft recognition is proposed, that is based on extraction of modulation components originated from the rotational parts of the aircraft and estimation of their rotation parameters. The algorithm for echo signal processing is developed, which makes it possible to apply the proposed recognition method for PBRs. The experimental results of the processing algorithm are presented on the example of real signals reflected from the Mi- 8 helicopter and the Cessna 172 propeller aircraft. The experimental data are recorded by two different PBRs using DVB-T2 digital terrestrial television signals standard for airspace illumination. The estimated rotation parameters of the aircraft propeller blades correspond to the actual values. Such a correspondence allows not only to recognize the aircraft group, but in some cases to identify its type.

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Zaimbashi, Amir. "Multiband FM‐based passive bistatic radar: target range resolution improvement." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 10, no. 1 (January 2016): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2015.0109.

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Ma, Hui, Michail Antoniou, Debora Pastina, Fabrizio Santi, Federica Pieralice, Marta Bucciarelli, and Mikhail Cherniakov. "Maritime Moving Target Indication Using Passive GNSS-Based Bistatic Radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 54, no. 1 (February 2018): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2017.2739900.

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Xu, Feng, Xin Liu, Li Liu, Chao Wang, and YiFei Wang. "Data block processing structure for airship-borne passive bistatic radar." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 19 (October 1, 2019): 6295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.0247.

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Zheng, Guangyong, Huabing Wang, and TingPeng Li. "Experimental research of passive bistatic radar based on pipeline processing." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 20 (October 1, 2019): 7157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.0588.

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Zhao, Zhixin, Xianrong Wan, Jianxin Yi, Rui Xie, and Yuhao Wang. "Radio frequency interference mitigation in OFDM based passive bistatic radar." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 70, no. 1 (January 2016): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2015.10.004.

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Malanowski, Mateusz, and Krzysztof Kulpa. "Optimization of Confirmation Time of Bistatic Tracks in Passive Radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 47, no. 2 (April 2011): 1060–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2011.5751242.

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43

Zaimbashi, A., M. Derakhtian, and A. Sheikhi. "Invariant Target Detection in Multiband FM-Based Passive Bistatic Radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50, no. 1 (January 2014): 720–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.120248.

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MARPAUNG, YONATAN EDWIN, ALOYSIUS ADYA PRAMUDITA, and ERFANSYAH ALI. "Deteksi Radar Pasif menggunakan GNU Radio dan SDR pada Frekuensi Televisi." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i3.505.

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ABSTRAKRadar pasif adalah salah satu jenis sistem radar bistatic dimana transmitter dan receiver berada di tempat berbeda. Sistem radar pasif dapat memaanfaatkan frekuensi siaran televisi yang tersedia sebagai sumber transmitter. Pada penelitian ini, radar pasif dibuat dengan Sofware Defined Radio (SDR) sebagai sistem komunikasi yang dapat mengkofigurasi penerima televisi digital sdr-dongle RTL2832U yang dimodifikasi dan perangkat lunak GNU Radio. Hasil pengujian delay pada gelombang 1,2,3 untuk objek manusia adalah 0,192, 0,36 dan 0,53 detik, untuk objek sepeda adalah 0,332, 0,5 dan 0,67, untuk objek motor adalah 0,422, 0,69 dan 0,86 detik, untuk objek mobil adalah 0,538, 0,7 dan 0,87 detik sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem radar pasif yang dirancang dapat mendeteksi benda bergerak dimana pegerakan target menyebabkan pergeseran puncak Cross-Correlation.Kata kunci: Radar Pasif, Cross-Correlation, SDR, Frekuensi Televisi, RTL2832U ABSTRACTPassive radar is a type of bistatic radar system where the transmitter and receiver are in different places. Passive radar systems can utilize the available television broadcast frequencies as transmitter sources. In this study, passive radar is made with Software Defined Radio (SDR) as a communication system that can configure a modified RTL2832U sdr-dongle digital television receiver and GNU Radio software. The delay test results on waves 1,2,3 for human objects are 0.192, 0.36 and 0.53 seconds, for bicycle objects are 0.332, 0.5 and 0.67, for motor objects are 0.422, 0.69 and 0.86 seconds, for car objects are 0.538, 0.7 and 0.87 seconds so it can be concluded that the passive radar system is designed to detect moving objects where moving targets causes a shift in the peak of Cross-Correlation.Keywords: Passive Radar, Cross-Correlation, SDR, Television Frequency, RTL2832U

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Wang, Jinbo, Hongwei Fu, Binbin Wang, and Liguo Liu. "Spatial resolution analysis of passive bistatic radar using low-orbit navigation augmented signals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2369, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2369/1/012062.

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Aiming at the problem that the traditional monostatic ambiguity function is inconvenient to analyze the spatial resolution of the passive bistatic radar, this paper proposes a method to analyze it in a given airspace by using the spatial distribution of the ambiguity function. This method converts the time-delay Doppler distribution of the traditional ambiguity function into the spatial distribution near the reference target, which makes it more suitable for the intuitive analysis of the spatial resolution capability of the passive bistatic radar. This new method is used to analyze the target resolution capability in the designated airspace when Navigation augmented signals transmitted by the low-orbit communication satellite is used as the illuminator of opportunity. The distribution of the ambiguity function is transformed from a pushpin shape under the monostatic time delay-Doppler shift to a flat “sandwich biscuit” shape in space. The shape is closely related to the geometric relationship of the bistatic radar. Through the spatial distribution of the ambiguity function, the target resolution in a given airspace can be directly observed, which is convenient for analyzing the spatial resolution capability of the signal under different spatial geometric relationships. This also provides convenience for the optimal selection of the location of the illuminator of opportunity and receiving station.

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Rzewuski, Stanisław, and Krzysztof Kulpa. "System Concept of WIFI Based Passive Radar." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-011-0062-3.

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System Concept of WIFI Based Passive Radar In this paper idea of passive radar system based on popular wireless networks commonly named WIFI is presented. In such an networks many transmitters operates in the same channel using multiple access. Wireless networks operating on frequencies 2.4GHz and 5GHz are very common today (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n). Classic passive radar determines bistatic distance and velocity by using cross-ambiguity function. To seek target position in XYZ space at least illumination of 3 different transmitters is required. In that paper it was assumed, that all transmitters operate on the same band frequency and the passive radar receiver has to couple each transmission burst with transmitter position by decoding the physical address of transmitter from captured data stream. Having most of the signal sources in our passive radar environment it is possible to detect and to localize objects of interest.

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Quan, Nguyen Van. "A Passive Radar System for Monitoring of Coastal Areas Ship Traffic Using Satellite Illumination Signals." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-3-41-52.

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Introduction. Increasing requirements for improving of information systems for ensuring navigation safety in coastal areas of marine waters determine the search of new engineering and scientific solutions. The creation of a passive coherent location systems (PCL), based on existing sources of electromagnetic radiation (in particular, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals) as radar illumination of the monitored space is of particular interest. During development and implementation of the systems, there are a number of problems related to the search of highly efficient processing algorithms, to the optimization of structure and functioning modes when the system is a part of a complex multi-position monitoring system in coastal areas. Aim. Rationale of the structure of bistatic PCL system with GNSS illumination signal, analysis of methods for increasing of the level of reflected signals, development of a general signal processing algorithm of the system receiver unit, formation of proposals for the creation of multi-position radar system (MP radar) for coastal areas navigation monitoring. Materials and methods. Mathematical modeling, theory of signals, methods of digital signal processing. Results. The structure of the bistatic PCL with GNSS illumination signal for monitoring in coastal areas of marine waters to ensure navigation safety has been developed. Methods for increasing the power level of satellite signals at the input of the receiving device have been proposed. General signal processing algorithm and the algorithm of CAF calculation in the bistatic PCL system using GPS C/A code satellite signal for sea surface coastal areas monitoring have been developed. Conclusion. The considered bistatic PCL system with GNSS illumination may be applied as a part of MP radar for monitoring in areas of heavy vessel traffic to ensure the safety, for operational control of marine operations in the high seas, for quick analysis of the situation at sea in an emergency.

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Wang, Binbin, Hao Cha, Zibo Zhou, and Bin Tian. "Clutter Cancellation and Long Time Integration for GNSS-Based Passive Bistatic Radar." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040701.

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Clutter cancellation and long time integration are two vital steps for global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based bistatic radar target detection. The former eliminates the influence of direct and multipath signals on the target detection performance, and the latter improves the radar detection range. In this paper, the extensive cancellation algorithm (ECA), which projects the surveillance channel signal in the subspace orthogonal to the clutter subspace, is first applied in GNSS-based bistatic radar. As a result, the clutter has been removed from the surveillance channel effectively. For long time integration, a modified version of the Fourier transform (FT), called long-time integration Fourier transform (LIFT), is proposed to obtain a high coherent processing gain. Relative acceleration (RA) is defined to describe the Doppler variation results from the motion of the target and long integration time. With the estimated RA, the Doppler frequency shift compensation is carried out in the LIFT. This method achieves a better and robust detection performance when comparing with the traditional coherent integration method. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed processing method.

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Maślikowski, Łukasz, and Krzysztof Kulpa. "Bistatic Noise SAR Experiment with a Non-Cooperative Illuminator." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-011-0012-0.

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Bistatic Noise SAR Experiment with a Non-Cooperative IlluminatorThe paper describes the results of a conception-stage experiment with a ground-based bistatic noise SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) demonstrator. Its aim was to research the ability of a simple Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) build system to provide a bistatic SAR image using non-cooperative illuminator. The noise signal used in the experiment is similar to a signal used in many transmission systems such as DVB-T that can be employed in passive bistatic radars. The paper presents the system setup, details of the measurement campaign, signal processing and the results of SAR imaging.

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He, Zhen-Yu, Yang Yang, Wu Chen, and Duo-Jie Weng. "Moving Target Imaging Using GNSS-Based Passive Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203356.

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Current studies of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-based bistatic synthetic aperture radar (GNSS-SAR) is focused on static objects on land. However, moving target imaging is also very significant for modern SAR systems. Imaging a moving target has two main problems. One is the unknown range cell migration; the other is the motion parameter estimation, such as the target’s velocity. This paper proposes a moving target imaging formation algorithm for GNSS-SAR. First, an approximate bistatic range history is derived to describe the phase variation of the target signal along the azimuth time. Then, a keystone transform is employed to correct the range cell migration. To address the motion parameter estimation, a chirp rate estimation method based on short-time Fourier transform and random sample consensus is proposed with high processing efficiency and robust estimation errors in low signal-to-noise ratio scenes. The estimated chirp rate can calculate the target’s velocity. Finally, azimuth compression derivation is performed to accomplish GNSS-SAR imaging. A maritime experimental campaign is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The two cargo ships in the SAR images have good accordance with the ground truth in terms of the target-to-receiver vertical distances along the range and the ships’ length along the cross-range.

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