Journal articles: 'Passerine songs'

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Leger, Daniel W. "First Documentation of Combinatorial Song Syntax in a Suboscine Passerine Species." Condor 107, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.4.765.

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AbstractBirds with songs having two or more acoustically distinct elements can arrange them either rigidly (i.e., in the same sequence) or flexibly. Flexible song syntax can be achieved either by varying the number of repetitions of elements or by combining elements in different ways. Combinatorial syntax has been documented only in the songs of oscine passerines and in one nonpasserine, but not in the suboscine passerines. Dawn and day songs of a tyrant flycatcher, the Flammulated Attila (Attila flammulatus), were recorded in Costa Rica. Flexible syntax was noted in both dawn and day song. Attilas not only varied the number of repetitions of their song elements but also combined elements in various ways. This appears to be the first reported case of combinatorial song syntax in a suboscine species.

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Weir, Jason T., and David Wheatcroft. "A latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution of avian syllable diversity and song length." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1712 (November 10, 2010): 1713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2037.

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We ask whether rates of evolution in traits important for reproductive isolation vary across a latitudinal gradient, by quantifying evolutionary rates of two traits important for pre-mating isolation—avian syllable diversity and song length. We analyse over 2500 songs from 116 pairs of closely related New World passerine bird taxa to show that evolutionary rates for the two main groups of passerines—oscines and suboscines—doubled with latitude in both groups for song length. For syllable diversity, oscines (who transmit song culturally) evolved more than 20 times faster at high latitudes than in low latitudes, whereas suboscines (whose songs are innate in most species and who possess very simple song with few syllable types) show no clear latitudinal gradient in rate. Evolutionary rates in oscines and suboscines were similar at tropical latitudes for syllable complexity as well as for song length. These results suggest that evolutionary rates in traits important to reproductive isolation and speciation are influenced by latitude and have been fastest, not in the tropics where species diversity is highest, but towards the poles.

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Grabarczyk, Erin E., Maarten J. Vonhof, and Sharon A. Gill. "Social context and noise affect within and between male song adjustments in a common passerine." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 1150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa066.

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Abstract Across populations, animals that inhabit areas with high anthropogenic noise produce vocalizations that differ from those inhabiting less noisy environments. Such patterns may be due to individuals rapidly adjusting their songs in response to changing noise, but individual variation is seldom explored. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) immediately adjust their songs according to changing noise and that social context further modifies responses. We recorded songs, quantified noise, and defined social context within pairs as female fertile status and between males as number of conspecific neighbors. We used a reaction-norm approach to compare song trait intercepts (between-male effects) and slopes (within-male effects) as a function of noise. Individuals immediately adjusted song duration in response to changing noise. How they achieved adjustments varied: some sang shorter and others longer songs with greater noise, and individuals varied in the extent to which they adjusted song duration. Variation in song duration could be affected by competition as between-male noise levels interacted with number of neighbors to affect syllable duration. Neither within- nor between-male noise effects were detected for frequency traits. Rather, males with fertile mates sang lower-frequency songs and increased peak frequency with more neighbors. Among males, social context but not noise affected song frequency, whereas temporal structure varied between and within individuals depending on noise and social factors. Not all males adjusted signals the same way in response to noise, and selection could favor different levels of variation according to noise.

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Francis, Clinton D., Catherine P. Ortega, and Alexander Cruz. "Different behavioural responses to anthropogenic noise by two closely related passerine birds." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (May 25, 2011): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0359.

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Anthropogenic noise, now common to many landscapes, can impair acoustic communication for many species, yet some birds compensate for masking by noise by altering their songs. The phylogenetic distribution of these noise-dependent signal adjustments is uncertain, and it is not known whether closely related species respond similarly to noise. Here, we investigated the influence of noise on habitat occupancy rates and vocal frequency in two congeneric vireos with similar song features. Noise exposure did not influence occupancy rates for either species, yet song features of both changed, albeit in different ways. With increases in noise levels, plumbeous vireos ( Vireo plumbeus ) sang shorter songs with higher minimum frequencies. By contrast, grey vireos ( Vireo vicinior ) sang longer songs with higher maximum frequencies. These findings support the notion that vocal plasticity may help some species occupy noisy areas, but because there were no commonalities among the signal changes exhibited by these closely related birds, it may be difficult to predict how diverse species may modify their signals in an increasingly noisy world.

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Benedict, Lauryn, and Rauri C. K. Bowie. "Macrogeographical variation in the song of a widely distributed African warbler." Biology Letters 5, no. 4 (May 14, 2009): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0244.

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The songs of oscine passerine birds vary on many spatial scales, reflecting the actions of diverse evolutionary pressures. Here we examine the songs of Cisticola erythrops , which effectively signal species identity across a geographical area spanning 6500 km in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection for species identification should promote stability in song traits, while sexual selection and geographical segregation should promote diversity. Cisticola erythrops share syllable types across the entire range of species and structure songs similarly, but individuals sing highly variable songs through improvisational recombination of syllables. Patterns of syllable use change gradually across the range of the species and do not show distinct breaks at subspecies boundaries. The acoustic properties of the most common syllable type also change gradually with distance. The results illustrate how songs can be simultaneously species-specific and highly variable at an individual level. At a larger level, patterns of variation indicate that cultural drift has generated song diversity through an isolation by distance mechanism.

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Opaev, A. S. "The communicative value of complex singing in passerine birds." Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 191–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-2-191-229.

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Birdsong is one of the most complex signals in the animal world, as it may consist of many different sounds grouped according to certain rules. Singing acts as a distant signal, indicating, e.g., the species and gender identity of the singer. However, territorial songbirds also use singing as an interactive social signal during territorial disputes, as well while interacting with female. In these contexts, males vary the type and timing of their songs to convey graded information about their motivational state, and those variations can play a role in communication. In this review, we considered how male songbirds vary their singing in territorial context. To study such variations, researchers usually simulated territorial intrusion by broadcasting conspecific singing in territories, including singing modified in a manner necessary for the researcher. For comparison, we considered briefly how singing vary in intersexual context. The author of the paper focuses on the role of singing complexity in communication. Therefore, not all known context-dependent changes in singing are considered, but only those related to “complexity”: the diversity of song/sound types and the transitional patterns of different song/sound types in the course of singing. Our review has shown that males change their singing when they detect environmental changes such as the appearance of a female or a competitor as follows: 1) song rate increases, 2) syllable rate increases, 3) song-type switching rate increases, 4) song-type diversity increases (i.e., the observed repertoire size), and 5) longer and more complex songs are predominantly used. In some species, the song bout organization may also change, but the data is still scarce. Typically, one or more, but not all the aforementioned acoustic behaviors have been found in a given song-bird species. All these behaviors (tactics) come down to a single strategy, namely: maximizing the acoustic diversity over a short period of time (e.g., several minutes), that is, increasing the number of different song and/or note types. The proximate causes of how the increased acoustic diversity work in the territorial competition context might lie in a sensory, or perceptual bias of the receiver. Namely, habituation should occur to repeated presentation of the same song type faster than to presentation of different song types. Therefore, by vocalizing more diversely, males more effectively influence the signal recipient’s behavior.

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Opaev, A. S. "How long are the vocal sequences a passerine bird can memorize? Common song sequences of Radde’s warbler males (Phylloscopus schwarzi) (Passeriformes, Aves)." Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, no. 3 (November 13, 2022): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2022-3-361-369.

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In most passerine species, an individual bird sings multiple song types to be combined into non-random song sequences. Because of this non-randomness, stereotype sequences of several or even dozens of song types appear in the vocalization of some species. Passerine birds acquire songs through some learning process while imitating other individuals. Song sharing is well known in songbirds and is a consequence of the song learning. Apparently, above the song type level, transitions between song types may be also shared. However, we still do not know exactly, how long are those song sequencies a bird can memorize? We analyze song sequence sharing in Radde’s warbler. Each song of this species consists of a dozen of short notes and lasts 1 s. In many males, the identity of the next song type in a sequence can be predicted on the basis of the previous song type (linear syntax). We found that males can share (i.e. memorize) song sequences from no more than 5 song types. Individual repertoires included up to 40 song types. Therefore, the ability of memorizing song sequences are rather limited in Radde’s warbler, as shared song sequences were rather short in comparison with the total size of the repertoire.

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Sorjonen, Jorma. "Factors Affecting the Structure of Song and the Singing Behaviour of Some Northern European Passerine Birds." Behaviour 98, no. 1-4 (1986): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x01017.

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AbstractIn this study the effects of bird size, genus, habitat, song community and geographical distribution on song structure and singing behaviour of some passcrine species in northern Europe were simultaneously studied. Most species tend to improve their long distance song propagation in their specific habitat and song community. Song propagation correlates strongest with the use of low-pitched elements but not all birds are able to use these because of size limitation. In forest habitats whistles and modulated elements were used to improve song propagation. In open habitats high-pitched elements as well as repeated and trilled syllables were often used for better propagation of acoustic information. In song communities with a great number of species, the birds reduce song interference by other singers, by singing short songs and using modulated elements and long intersong pauses. When the birds greatly profit from effective long distance song propagation, like in northern areas with only short time for pair formation, the birds can segregate in singing time by using the light nights for singing. In these communities with low numbers of species the birds have been freed from song interference and have long songs and short intersong pauses and they can increase in this way their singing rate. The effect of song community on song length, intersong pause and the use of modulated elements in the song is stronger than that of habitat. The effect of the song community increases towards the north.

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Kreutzer, Michel, Gerard Leboucher, and Nathalie Beguin. "Sexual Preferences for Mate Song in Female Canaries (Serinus Canaria)." Behaviour 135, no. 8 (1998): 1185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853998792913500.

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AbstractRecent studies have shown that female passerine birds give more sexual displays for songs of their mates than for songs of other males. The present study aimed to determine to what extent familiarisation with a song may account for females' song preferences. Ten female canaries were paired with a male during 3 days before egg laying; females were subsequently left alone to incubate and rear their young. Females were subjected to the familiarisation procedure when nestlings were 9 days old, until they were 17 days old. During the familiarisation period, twice a day, each female was successively exposed to the playback of three successive song records: (a) The mate song (M), a song frequently emitted by their previous sexual partner; when this song was played back, females were concurrently exposed to the sight of their previous mate. (b) The song of a non-mate accompanied by the sight of the mate (NMAS), a song emitted by a non-mate male; when this song was played back, females were also exposed to the sight of their previous mate. (c) The song of a non-mate not accompanied by the sight of the mate (NMNAS). At the end of this familiarisation period, the sexual preferences of the females for these songs were studied. Sexual responses were elicited by the emission of the M, NMAS and NMNAS songs, without male presentation. We analysed the total number of copulation solicitation displays (CSDs) elicited by each song. Females displayed more for M song than for NMAS or NMNAS songs. Eight of the 10 females gave at least half of their displays to M song. In a separate experiment, females without reproductive experience with the males failed to present a preference for any of these songs. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that mate recognition is not a mere effect of familiarisation with songs but is closely associated with previous reproductive experience. Song preferences that develop as a result of association with a particular male may be important in the maintenance of pair bonds and could influence future copulation acceptance with this mate.

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Celis-Murillo, Antonio, Thomas J. Benson, J. Roberto Sosa-López, and Michael P. Ward. "Nocturnal songs in a diurnal passerine: attracting mates or repelling intruders?" Animal Behaviour 118 (August 2016): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.04.023.

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Espmark, Yngve. "Song of the snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) in areas with and without sympatric passerines." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 9 (November 15, 1999): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-108.

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The acoustic-competition hypothesis predicts that in areas with low species diversity, bird song will vary more from one individual to another and the song of each individual will be less complex than those of conspecifics in areas with more species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this prediction also applies to the snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis), which is the only passerine species that breeds regularly in Svalbard, whereas on the Scandinavian mainland it breeds sympatrically with several other species. Songs of 22 and 19 male snow buntings from study areas at Longyearbyen in Svalbard and on the Varanger peninsula in northern Norway, respectively, were analysed with respect to the number and type of syllables and motifs, syllable and intersong diversity, song length, maximum, minimum, and range of frequency, and sharing of song features between individuals. None of the variables differed significantly between the two areas with respect to song variation between individuals. It is suggested that this is related primarily to the migratory and vagrant behaviour of the species, which is thought to entail a considerable annual turnover in the breeding populations in relation to the geographical origin of the birds. Songs were significantly simpler in Svalbard than on the mainland only when complexity was measured as syllable diversity. When it was measured in terms of diversity of song motifs, an opposite, although insignificant, trend was found. The reason for this contradictory tendency is discussed in relation to the problem of defining complexity and choosing relevant variables for assessing song complexity. Individuals in both areas commonly shared syllables, but rarely motifs and song types. The snow buntings in Svalbard shared song features to about the same extent as the birds on the mainland.

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Bermúdez-Cuamatzin, Eira, Alejandro A. Ríos-Chelén, Diego Gil, and Constantino Macías Garcia. "Experimental evidence for real-time song frequency shift in response to urban noise in a passerine bird." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (July 7, 2010): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0437.

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Research has shown that bird songs are modified in different ways to deal with urban noise and promote signal transmission through noisy environments. Urban noise is composed of low frequencies, thus the observation that songs have a higher minimum frequency in noisy places suggests this is a way of avoiding noise masking. Most studies are correlative and there is as yet little experimental evidence that this is a short-term mechanism owing to individual plasticity. Here we experimentally test if house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) can modulate the minimum frequency of their songs in response to different noise levels. We exposed singing males to three continuous treatments: low–high–low noise levels. We found a significant increase in minimum frequency from low to high and a decrement from high to low treatments. We also found that this was mostly achieved by modifying the frequency of the same low-frequency syllable types used in the different treatments. When different low-frequency syllables were used, those sung during the noisy condition were longer than the ones sang during the quiet condition. We conclude that house finches modify their songs in several ways in response to urban noise, thus providing evidence of a short-term acoustic adaptation.

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Fishbein, Adam R., Julia Löschner, Julie M. Mallon, and Gerald S. Wilkinson. "Dynamic sex-specific responses to synthetic songs in a duetting suboscine passerine." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 29, 2018): e0202353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202353.

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Lovell, Scott F., and M. Ross Lein. "Geographical Variation In Songs of A Suboscine Passerine, the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 125, no. 1 (March 2013): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/12-087.1.

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Berg, Karl S., Robb T. Brumfield, and Victor Apanius. "Phylogenetic and ecological determinants of the neotropical dawn chorus." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1589 (January 17, 2006): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3410.

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The concentration of avian song at first light (i.e. the dawn chorus) is widely appreciated, but has an enigmatic functional significance. One widely accepted explanation is that birds are active at dawn, but light levels are not yet adequate for foraging. In forest communities, the onset to singing should thus be predictable from the species' foraging strata, which is ultimately related to ambient light level. To test this, we collected data from a tropical forest of Ecuador involving 57 species from 27 families of birds. Time of first song was a repeatable, species-specific trait, and the majority of resident birds, including non-passerines, sang in the dawn chorus. For passerine birds, foraging height was the best predictor of time of first song, with canopy birds singing earlier than birds foraging closer to the forest floor. A weak and opposite result was observed for non-passerines. For passerine birds, eye size also predicted time of first song, with larger eyed birds singing earlier, after controlling for body mass, taxonomic group and foraging height. This is the first comparative study of the dawn chorus in the Neotropics, and it provides the first evidence for foraging strata as the primary determinant of scheduling participation in the dawn chorus of birds.

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Inoue, Sue A., Cynthia Staicer, and Daniel Margoliash. "The Process of Syllable Acquisition in Adult Indigo Buntings (Passerina Cyanea)." Behaviour 131, no. 1-2 (1994): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00208.

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AbstractVocal learning in adult indigo buntings was studied by monitoring socially paired males housed together in sound isolation boxes. Two of three yearlings socially paired with older birds in early spring acquired new syllables and reorganized their stereotyped and plastic songs, while eleven yearlings socially paired later in the year largely failed to acquire new material, as did the older adults socially paired at various times of year. Yearlings changed their stereotyped songs to more closely match their tutors' by replacing syllables or by inserting new syllables. This song matching involved two processes in which adult plastic song played a role: (1) new syllables were developed in plastic song, and (2) newly mastered or pre-existing syllables were transferred from plastic song into stereotyped song. Morphological similarity between yearlings' and tutors' syllables strongly influenced which syllables yearlings retained. After social pairing, matching syllables tended to be delivered more frequently by yearlings and become incorporated into their stereotyped songs, while non-matching syllables tended to decline in use or be discarded altogether. New syllables were formed from existing syllables most morphologically similar to the "target" syllable, through transformation and combination of existing syllables. As new forms became more common, old forms declined and eventually were discarded. Our data suggest that adult indigo buntings maintain the ability to sing stereotyped songs while new material is mastered, and held in reserve, in plastic song. Acquisition of new syllables in yearling indigo buntings requires trial-and-error learning, but proceeds without overproduction and subsequent attrition of distinct syllable types, and does not substantially rely on improvisation and invention. Rather, syllable acquisition and changes to stereotyped songs are strongly influenced by the pre-existing syllable repertoire.

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Liu, Wan-Chun, and Donald E. Kroodsma. "Dawn and Daytime Singing Behavior of Chipping Sparrows (Spizella Passerina)." Auk 124, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.1.44.

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Abstract Songbirds typically have small-to-large repertoires of different song types used in complex patterns over a day or season, but what remains poorly understood are patterns of song use by songbirds that have a single, simple song. Here, on the basis of extensive field observations, we reveal how a male Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) varies its simple, repetitive song to create a dynamic singing performance. During the day, and beginning shortly after males arrive on their territories, males typically sing long songs at a relatively slow rate from the tops of trees near the center of their territories. About two weeks after males have arrived, they begin to sing well before sunrise; during this dawn chorus, songs are brief and delivered rapidly, typically while males face each other on the ground at territorial boundaries. Each male sings this way during the dawn chorus throughout the breeding season, except when his female is fertile. By contrast, daytime singing essentially stops after a male pairs. The dawn chorus appears to mediate social interactions among territorial neighbors, whereas daytime songs function in long-distance territory advertisement, particularly for female attraction. Comportamiento de Canto al Amanecer y Durante el Día en Spizella passerina

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French, Rebecca K., Antoine Filion, Chris N. Niebuhr, and Edward C. Holmes. "Metatranscriptomic Comparison of Viromes in Endemic and Introduced Passerines in New Zealand." Viruses 14, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071364.

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New Zealand/Aotearoa has many endemic passerine birds vulnerable to emerging infectious diseases. Yet little is known about viruses in passerines, and in some countries, including New Zealand, the virome of wild passerines has been only scarcely researched. Using metatranscriptomic sequencing we characterised the virome of New Zealand endemic and introduced species of passerine. Accordingly, we identified 34 possible avian viruses from cloacal swabs of 12 endemic and introduced bird species not showing signs of disease. These included a novel siadenovirus, iltovirus, and avastrovirus in the Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula, an introduced species), song thrush (Turdus philomelos, introduced) and silvereye/tauhou (Zosterops lateralis, introduced), respectively. This is the first time novel viruses from these genera have been identified in New Zealand, likely reflecting prior undersampling. It also represents the first identification of an iltovirus and siadenovirus in blackbirds and thrushes globally. These three viruses were only found in introduced species and may pose a risk to endemic species if they were to jump species boundaries, particularly the iltoviruses and siadenoviruses that have a prior history of disease associations. Further virus study and surveillance are needed in New Zealand avifauna, particularly in Turdus populations and endemic species.

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Charles Baker, Myron. "Response of Male Indigo and Lazuli Buntings and Their Hybrids To Song Playback in Allopatric and Sympatric Populations." Behaviour 119, no. 3-4 (1991): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853991x00454.

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AbstractThe hybridizing semispecies indigo and lazuli buntings (Passerina cyanea, P. amoena) were studied in song playback experiments in allopatric and sympatric populations. In allopatry, males of both species responded strongly to conspecific and weakly to heterospecific songs. In sympatry, indigo, lazuli and hybrid males reacted equally and strongly to both indigo and lazuli songs. Alteration of song structures, by presenting indigo syllables in lazuli temporal pattern and lazuli syllables in indigo temporal pattern, showed that the response of allopatric indigo and lazuli males was determined primarily by syllabic (phonological) cues in the test songs and not by the temporal pattern. The overall pattern of male response in sympatry and allopatry provides some understanding of the observed degree of reproductive isolation between these species.

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Bretagnolle, Vincent, and Patrice Robisson. "Species-specific recognition in birds: an experimental investigation of Wilson's storm-petrel (Procellariiformes, Hydrobatidae) by means of digitalized signals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-231.

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Most acoustic studies on birds dealing with species specificity have concerned the territorial function of the song in passerines. We studied species specificity in a non-passerine bird, Wilson's storm-petrel (Oceanites oceanicus). Males of this species attract females by uttering a chattering call, which acts as a premating isolating mechanism. We analysed the encoding of species specificity in the call by measuring the variation in its physical features. We then experimented in the field with played-back computer-synthesized signals and identified the relevant cues that elicited species recognition, namely the modal frequency and the durations of both syllable and silence. We relate our results to species specificity in passerines, and emphasize differences in the responses with respect to sex and status of responding birds, the differences being due to the meaning of the species-specific signal for the receiver.

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Morton, Eugene S. "Predictions From the Ranging Hypothesis for the Evolution of Long Distance Signals in Birds." Behaviour 99, no. 1-2 (1986): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x00414.

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AbstractThe Ranging Hypothesis (RH) (MORTON, 1982) proposed a form of distance assessment (ranging) based upon perception of signal degradation using memorized signals as a yardstick to distance. The predictions of the RH include distance assessment mechanisms, DAMs; it is proposed that these have opened a new evolutionary process illustrated by the complicated songs and singing behaviour in the oscine passerines ("songbirds"). The RH identifies sources of selection favouring learning, multiple or single song types, song structural complexity not accounted for by species isolating mechanism ideas, and emphasizes the ecological basis for the evolution of long distance communication. New importance is given to the acoustic physical structure of songs. The RH encompasses and contrasts song evolution in warm climate regions with those in cold temperate climates. Three interrelated stages of long distance signal evolution are presented: detectability, threat, and disrupt. A singer/listener role dichotomy in selective pressures is described and the results discussed. Listeners developed distance assessment mechanisms (DAMs) resulting in an evolutionary arms race between listeners and singers. Singers developed methods to use DAMs to their best interest (threat and disrupt). Song learning in passerines developed in response to this arms race to enhance disruption, a situation most prevalent in cold temperate zone regions. The acoustic determinants of effective song distance are described and discussed in relation to the evolution of signal structures. Finally, the RH is discussed in relation to some previous hypotheses on song function and evolution.

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Liu, Wan-Chun, and Donald E. Kroodsma. "Song Learning by Chipping Sparrows: When, Where, and From Whom." Condor 108, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.3.509.

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Abstract Given the difficulty of following free-living, dispersing juvenile songbirds, relatively little is known about when, where, how, and from whom these young birds learn their songs. To explore these issues, we studied the Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina), males of which have a single, simple song, but populations of which may contain 20–30 different songs. In our western Massachusetts study sites, we color-banded 324 nestling and 32 fledgling sparrows. Twelve of these banded males returned to our study areas, dispersing a few hundred meters to 1.8 km away from their natal territories. The song of each yearling closely matched only one of his immediate neighbors on the breeding territory, revealing that a yearling sparrow precisely imitates one of his close neighbors after dispersal. Evidence from this field study and a previous laboratory study show that a young male is able to learn songs either during his hatching year or the following spring, perhaps depending on his chances of song exposure or social interaction with territorial neighbors.

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Reed, Veronica A., Cory A. Toth, Ryan N. Wardle, Dylan G. E. Gomes, Jesse R. Barber, and Clinton D. Francis. "Experimentally broadcast ocean surf and river noise alters birdsong." PeerJ 10 (May 17, 2022): e13297. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13297.

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Anthropogenic noise and its effects on acoustic communication have received considerable attention in recent decades. Yet, the natural acoustic environment’s influence on communication and its role in shaping acoustic signals remains unclear. We used large-scale playbacks of ocean surf in coastal areas and whitewater river noise in riparian areas to investigate how natural sounds influences song structure in six songbird species. We recorded individuals defending territories in a variety of acoustic conditions across 19 study sites in California and 18 sites in Idaho. Acoustic characteristics across the sites included naturally quiet ‘control’ sites, ‘positive control’ sites that were adjacent to the ocean or a whitewater river and thus were naturally noisy, ‘phantom’ playback sites that were exposed to continuous broadcast of low-frequency ocean surf or whitewater noise, and ‘shifted’ playback sites with continuous broadcast of ocean surf or whitewater noise shifted up in frequency. We predicted that spectral and temporal song structure would generally correlate with background sound amplitude and that signal features would differ across site types based on the spectral profile of the acoustic environment. We found that the ways in which song structure varied with background acoustics were quite variable from species to species. For instance, in Idaho both the frequency bandwidth and duration of lazuli bunting (Passerina amoena) and song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) songs decreased with elevated background noise, but these song features were unrelated to background noise in the warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus), which tended to increase both the minimum and maximum frequency of songs with background noise amplitude. In California, the bandwidth of the trill of white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) song decreased with background noise amplitude, matching results of previous studies involving both natural and anthropogenic noise. In contrast, wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) song bandwidth was positively related to the amplitude of background noise. Although responses were quite heterogeneous, song features of all six species varied with amplitude and/or frequency of background noise. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence that natural soundscapes have long influenced vocal behavior. More broadly, the evolved behavioral responses to the long-standing challenges presented by natural sources of noise likely explain the many responses observed for species communicating in difficult signal conditions presented by human-made noise.

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Dubska, Lenka, Ivan Literak, Elena Kocianova, Veronika Taragelova, and Oldrich Sychra. "Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of Borrelia Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (December 5, 2008): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01674-08.

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ABSTRACT Borrelia spirochetes in bird-feeding ticks were studied in the Czech Republic. During the postbreeding period (July to September 2005), 1,080 passerine birds infested by 2,240 Ixodes ricinus subadult ticks were examined. Borrelia garinii was detected in 22.2% of the ticks, Borrelia valaisiana was detected in 12.8% of the ticks, Borrelia afzelii was detected in 1.6% of the ticks, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was detected in 0.3% of the ticks. After analysis of infections in which the blood meal volume and the stage of the ticks were considered, we concluded that Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula), song thrushes (Turdus philomelos), and great tits (Parus major) are capable of transmitting B. garinii; that juvenile blackbirds and song thrushes are prominent reservoirs for B. garinii spirochetes; that some other passerine birds investigated play minor roles in transmitting B. garinii; and that the presence B. afzelii in ticks results from infection in a former stage. Thus, while B. garinii transmission is associated with only a few passerine bird species, these birds have the potential to distribute millions of Lyme disease spirochetes between urban areas.

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PÄCKERT, MARTIN, CHRISTOPHER M. MILENSKY, JOCHEN MARTENS, MYINT KYAW, MARCELA SUAREZ-RUBIO, WIN NAING THAW, SAI SEIN LIN OO, HANNES WOLFGRAMM, and SWEN C. RENNER. "Pilot biodiversity assessment of the Hkakabo Razi passerine avifauna in northern Myanmar – implications for conservation from molecular genetics." Bird Conservation International 30, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270919000273.

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SummaryThe Hkakabo Razi region located in northern Myanmar is an Important Bird Area and part of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot. Within the framework of the World Heritage Convention to enlist the site under criterion (ix) and (x), we conducted a biodiversity assessment for passerine birds using DNA barcoding and other molecular markers. Of the 441 bird species recorded, we chose 16 target species for a comparative phylogeographic study. Genetic analysis was performed for a larger number of species and helped identifying misidentified species. We found phylogeographic structure in all but one of the 16 study species. In 13 species, populations from northern Myanmar were genetically distinctive and local mitochondrial lineages differed from those found in adjacent regions by 3.9–9.9% uncorrected genetic distances (cytochrome-b). Since the genetic distinctiveness of study populations will be corroborated by further differences in morphology and song as in other South-East Asian passerines, many of them will be candidates for taxonomic splits, or in case an older taxon name is not available, for the scientific description of new taxa. Considering the short time frame of our study we predict that a great part of undetected faunal diversity in the Hkakabo Razi region will be discovered.

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Pearse, William D., Ignacio Morales-Castilla, Logan S. James, Maxwell Farrell, Frédéric Boivin, and T. Jonathan Davies. "Global macroevolution and macroecology of passerine song." Evolution 72, no. 4 (March 25, 2018): 944–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13450.

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Sogge, Mark K., Thomas J. Koronkiewicz, Charles Van Riper, and Scott L. Durst. "Willow Flycatcher Nonbreeding Territory Defense Behavior in Costa Rica." Condor 109, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.2.475.

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Abstract We studied the intraspecific territorial defense behavior of wintering Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in Costa Rica using a randomized playback experiment that exposed male and female birds to recordings of Willow Flycatcher songs and calls, Lesser Ground Cuckoo (Morococcyx erythropygius) vocalizations, and random noise. Flycatchers of both sexes responded most strongly to simulated conspecific territory intrusion, and the agonistic behaviors that we observed were similar to those seen during natural intraspecific encounters in winter. Both males and females engaged in song and aggressive behaviors in defense of territories, and there was no significant difference between the sexes in scored agonistic responses. The similarity between the sexes in intraspecific territorial defense behaviors and aggressiveness may account for both sexes of flycatchers using the same habitats at our study sites in Costa Rica, and wintering females defending territories against males. The Willow Flycatcher, a sexually monomorphic species, differs in this way from a number of sexually dimorphic passerines, in which behaviorally dominant males occur in more optimal winter habitats.

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Westcott, David A., and Frederieke J. Kroon. "Geographic Song Variation and its Consequences in the Golden Bowerbird." Condor 104, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.750.

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Abstract Geographic variation in birdsong is known from a variety of taxa, but is especially common and most frequently reported in passerines with resource-based territorial mating systems. To date, relatively little data have been presented on patterns of song variation in species with lek and leklike mating systems. In this paper, we describe geographic song variation in the Golden Bowerbird (Prionodura newtonia) a species with a leklike mating system. We compared recordings of the species advertisement song, collected from five isolated forest blocks from across the species range in northeastern Australia. Golden Bowerbird advertisement song shows marked geographic variation in form. All males within a population sing a song similar to each other, but distinct from that of males from other locations. The song traits important in discriminating between the songs of the different populations were bandwidth, number of peaks, dominant frequency, fundamental frequency, internote interval, and pureness. Discriminant function analyses based on these traits were highly accurate in assigning songs to their population of origin. We then used playback experiments to test whether geographic song variation in Golden Bowerbirds is functional. In the playback experiments males responded more strongly to song from local dialects than from foreign dialects. We discuss our results in light of current hypotheses on the evolution of geographic song variation. Variación Geográfica del Canto y Sus Consecuencias en Prionodura newtonia Resumen. La variación geográfica del canto de las aves es conocida para muchos taxa, pero es especialmente común en paserinos con sistemas reproductivos territoriales basados en la disponibilidad de recursos. Hasta ahora, se han presentado relativamente pocos datos sobre la variación del canto en especies con un sistema reproductivo con asambleas de cortejo (lek) y con sistemas reproductivos similares al tipo lek. En este trabajo, describimos las variaciones geográficas del canto de Prionodura newtonia, una especie que presenta un sistema reproductivo del tipo lek. Comparamos grabaciones de los cantos de anuncio, colectados en cinco bosques aislados a lo largo del rango geográfico de la especie en el noreste de Australia. El canto de anuncio de P. newtonia mostró una marcada variación geográfica en cuanto a la forma. Todos los machos pertenecientes a una misma población cantaron de forma similar entre ellos, pero difirieron de machos pertenecientes a otras poblaciones. Los caracteres importantes que permitieron discriminar los cantos de las diferentes poblaciones fueron el ancho de la banda, el número de picos, la frecuencia dominante y fundamental, el intervalo entre notas, y la pureza. Los análisis de función discriminante basados en estos caracteres fueron altamente precisos en asignar los cantos a sus poblaciones de origen. Luego, utilizamos experimentos de play-back para probar si la variación geográfica del canto en esta especie es funcional. En los experimentos de play-back los machos respondieron más fuertemente a los cantos de los dialectos locales que a los extranjeros. Discutimos nuestros resultados en relación a las hipótesis actuales respecto a la evolución de la variación geográfica del canto.

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David, Morgan, Yannick Auclair, Sasha R. X. Dall, and Frank Cézilly. "Pairing context determines condition-dependence of song rate in a monogamous passerine bird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1753 (February 22, 2013): 20122177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2177.

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Condition-dependence of male ornaments is thought to provide honest signals on which females can base their sexual choice for genetic quality. Recent studies show that condition-dependence patterns can vary within populations. Although long-term association is thought to promote honest signalling, no study has explored the influence of pairing context on the condition-dependence of male ornaments. In this study, we assessed the influence of natural variation in body condition on song rate in zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ) in three different situations: during short and long encounters with an unfamiliar female, and within heterosexual mated pairs. We found consistent individual differences in male directed and undirected song rate. Moreover, body condition had a positive effect on song rate in paired males. However, male song rate was not influenced by body condition during short or long encounters with unfamiliar females. Song rate appears to be an unreliable signal of condition to prospective females as even poor-condition birds can cheat and sing at a high rate. By contrast, paired females can reliably use song rate to assess their mate's body condition, and possibly the genetic quality. We propose that species' characteristics, such as mating system, should be systematically taken into account to generate relevant hypotheses about the evolution of condition-dependent male ornaments.

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Mason, Nicholas A., Kevin J. Burns, Joseph A. Tobias, Santiago Claramunt, Nathalie Seddon, and Elizabeth P. Derryberry. "Song evolution, speciation, and vocal learning in passerine birds." Evolution 71, no. 3 (January 9, 2017): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13159.

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Møller, Anders Pape. "Parasite load reduces song output in a passerine bird." Animal Behaviour 41, no. 4 (April 1991): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80909-1.

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32

Baptista, Luis F., and Pepper W. Trail. "The Role of Song in the Evolution of Passerine Diversity." Systematic Biology 41, no. 2 (June 1992): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992524.

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Robertson, Bruce A., Joseph J. Fontaine, and Elizabeth Loomis. "Seasonal Patterns of Song Structure Variation in a Suboscine Passerine." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 121, no. 4 (December 2009): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/08-155.1.

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Garamszegi, László Zsolt, Marcel Eens, Johannes Erritzøe, and Anders Pape Møller. "Sexually size dimorphic brains and song complexity in passerine birds." Behavioral Ecology 16, no. 2 (October 20, 2004): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arh167.

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35

Ortega, Yvette K., Aubree Benson, and Erick Greene. "Invasive plant erodes local song diversity in a migratory passerine." Ecology 95, no. 2 (February 2014): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1733.1.

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Baptista, L. F., and P. W. Trail. "The Role of Song in the Evolution of Passerine Diversity." Systematic Biology 41, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/41.2.242.

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37

Albrecht, Daniel J., and Lewis W. Oring. "Song in chipping sparrows, Spizella passerina: structure and function." Animal Behaviour 50, no. 5 (1995): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80040-9.

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Melman, David S., and William A. Searcy. "Microgeographic Song Discrimination in a Nonterritorial Passerine, the Boat-Tailed Grackle." Condor 101, no. 4 (November 1999): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1370073.

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Leger, Daniel W. "FIRST DOCUMENTATION OF COMBINATORIAL SONG SYNTAX IN A SUBOSCINE PASSERINE SPECIES." Condor 107, no. 4 (2005): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/7851.1.

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Colbeck, Gabriel J., T. Scott Sillett, and Michael S. Webster. "Asymmetric discrimination of geographical variation in song in a migratory passerine." Animal Behaviour 80, no. 2 (August 2010): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.013.

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Arnold, Arthur P. "The passerine bird song system as a model in neuroendocrine research." Journal of Experimental Zoology 256, S4 (1990): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402560406.

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Koetz-Trowse, Anna H., David A. Westcott, and Bradley C. Congdon. "Discrimination of song dialects in relation to song similarity and geographical distance in a rainforest passerine." Emu - Austral Ornithology 112, no. 3 (September 2012): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu11056.

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Renfrew, Rosalind B., and Christine A. Ribic. "Grassland Passerine Nest Predators Near Pasture Edges Identified on Videotape." Auk 120, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.2.371.

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Abstract Fragmentation of grassland habitat may increase predation rates on grassland passerine nests and contribute to population decline of several species. Studies that simultaneously document the nest predator community and associate predator species with edges created by fragmentation have not been conducted for grassland habitats. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of using miniature video camera systems to document predation events, identify grassland passerine nest predators in grazed pastures, and determine whether predation patterns of nest predators known to prefer wooded edges differed from those of other nest predators. In 1998–2000, we deployed cameras at 89 nests of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), meadowlarks (Sturnellaspp.), and Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) in southwestern Wisconsin pastures 16–169 ha in size. Abandonment rates were higher for nests with cameras than for nests without cameras (P = 0.04). Trampling rates did not differ between nests with and without cameras. There was limited evidence of differences in predation rates between nests with and without cameras. Predation rate was high in the early incubation stage. Grassland passerine nests were depredated by at least 11 different species in that system, and the predator community differed from those documented in similar studies in other regions. Raccoon (Procyon lotor), thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), and snakes (Thamnophisspp. and Elaphespp.) were most common. Over one-third of documented predation events were caused by species that prefer wooded edges. Those species usually depredated nests located closer to wooded edges than to any other type of edge, but there was no evidence that those species restricted their movements to depredate nests within a certain distance from wooded areas in the landscape compared to grassland specialist species (P = 0.28). Predators known to prefer wooded edges traveled up to 190 m into pastures and up to 150 m from wooded areas. Effects of edge predators in pastures are likely to extend beyond the 50 m suggested by other grassland passerine studies.

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Dubska, Lenka, Ivan Literak, Elena Kocianova, Veronika Taragelova, Veronika Sverakova, Oldrich Sychra, and Miloslav Hromadko. "Synanthropic Birds Influence the Distribution ofBorreliaSpecies: Analysis ofIxodes ricinusTicks Feeding on Passerine Birds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 3 (December 10, 2010): 1115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02278-10.

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ABSTRACTIxodes ricinusticks collected from 835 birds and from vegetation in the Czech Republic were analyzed. Host-seeking ticks (n= 427) were infected predominantly byBorrelia afzelii(25%). Ticks (n= 1,012) from songbirds (Passeriformes) were infected commonly byBorrelia garinii(12.1%) andBorrelia valaisiana(13.4%). Juveniles of synanthropic birds, Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos), were major reservoir hosts ofB. garinii.

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DeLeon, Sara, Rayko Halitschke, Ralph S. Hames, André Kessler, Timothy J. DeVoogd, and André A. Dhondt. "The Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Song of Two Passerine Species." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 18, 2013): e73471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073471.

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Goretskaia, M. I. "Song structure variability in passerine birds: Random variation or direct informative changes." Biology Bulletin 40, no. 9 (December 2013): 748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359013090069.

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Margoliash, Daniel, Cynthia A. Staicer, and Sue A. Inoue. "Stereotyped and plastic song in adult indigo buntings, Passerina cyanea." Animal Behaviour 42, no. 3 (September 1991): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80036-3.

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Goodwin, Sarah E., and Jeffrey Podos. "Team of rivals: alliance formation in territorial songbirds is predicted by vocal signal structure." Biology Letters 10, no. 2 (February 2014): 20131083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1083.

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Cooperation and conflict are regarded as diametric extremes of animal social behaviour, yet the two may intersect under rare circumstances. We here report that territorial competitors in a common North American songbird species, the chipping sparrow ( Spizella passerina ), sometimes form temporary coalitions in the presence of simulated territorial intruders. Moreover, analysis of birds’ vocal mating signals (songs) reveals that coalitions occur nearly exclusively under specific triadic relationships, in which vocal performances of allies and simulated intruders exceed those of residents. Our results provide the first evidence that animals like chipping sparrows rely on precise assessments of mating signal features, as well as relative comparisons of signal properties among multiple animals in communication networks, when deciding when and with whom to form temporary alliances against a backdrop of competition and rivalry.

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Goretskaia, M. I. "The song structure variability in passerine birds: random variation or direct informative changes." Зоологический журнал 92, no. 6 (2013): 718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0044513413060056.

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Freeman, Benjamin G., Graham A. Montgomery, and Dolph Schluter. "Evolution and plasticity: Divergence of song discrimination is faster in birds with innate song than in song learners in Neotropical passerine birds." Evolution 71, no. 9 (August 11, 2017): 2230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13311.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Passerine songs'

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