Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Passage à l'échelle des systèmes'
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Schmidt, Loïc. "Passage à l'échelle des intergiciels RFID pour l'informatique diffuse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10155/document.
Full textFollowing the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, each manufactured object is associated with an RFID tag (Radio Frequency IDentification) embedding a unique identifier. The incoming of this RFID in the management of goods process rises technical issues such as their integration into the Internet allowing to access object related information gathered along its life. Indeed, with the spreading of this technology, the architecture of this IoT must be scalable and must provide an efficient way for managing these informations. In order to facilitate the development and the deployment of RFID solutions, standards have been ratified by EPCGlobal specifying interfaces for an RFID middleware: a component filtering and collecting events coming from readers (ALE), a component stocking these informations (EPCIS), a component allowing to retrieve these databases (ONS), ...We propose a distributed solution of these different components by using the distributed hash tables technology. We present a distributed ALE component that provides a way to interrogate every shared reader in the network, and a solution to query and retrieve informations from EPCIS in a efficient manner, without overloading the network. Considering the importance of the ONS system, which is to IoT what DNS is to Internet, we have explored an alternate solution to the DNS one in order to distribute this component. Our solutions offer an efficient scalability to the EPCGlobal middleware, providing a generic middleware for ubiquitous computing
Olejnik, Richard. "Passage à l'échelle d'applications java distribuées auto-adaptatives." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833237.
Full textTran, Viet-Trung. "Sur le passage à l'échelle des systèmes de gestion des grandes masses de données." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783724.
Full textGodard, Paul. "Parallélisation et passage à l'échelle durable d'une chaïne de traitement graphique pour l'impression professionnelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/Godard_Paul_2019_ED269.pdf.
Full textThe strong and continuous improvements in the professional printing field have led to the ubiquity of printed objects in our daily life. The flexibility introduced by the digital printing process promises to associate extensive customization with mass production. The quick growth of printing usages and technologies, illustrated by wider printer farms and faster digital presses, leads to original challenges for the computer system in charge of driving them. In this thesis, we explore new approaches inspired by the high performance computing field to speedup the graphics processing necessary to digital printing. To achieve this goal, we introduce a distributed system which provides the adequate flexibility and performance by exploiting and optimizing both processing and synchronization techniques. We present our architecture up to the subtle parts of its implementation which allows our solution to meet the specific constraints on generating streams for printing purpose. We perform a complete evaluation of our solution and provide experimental evidence of its great performance and viability
Quiane-Ruiz, Jorge-Arnulfo. "Allocation de Requêtes dans des Systèmes d'Information Distribués avec des Participants Autonomes." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464475.
Full textDumas, Julie. "Représentation dynamique de la liste des copies pour le passage à l'échelle des protocoles de cohérence de cache." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM093/document.
Full textCache coherence protocol scalability problem for parallel architecture is also a problem for on chip architecture, following the emergence of manycores architectures. There are two protocol classes : snooping and directory-based.Protocols based on snooping, which send coherence information to all caches, generate a lot of messages whose few are useful.On the other hand, directory-based protocols send messages only to caches which need them. The most obvious implementation uses a full bit vector whose size depends only on the number of cores. This bit vector represents the sharing set. To scale, a coherence protocol must produce a reasonable number of messages and limit hardware ressources used by the coherence and in particular for the sharing set.To evaluate and compare protocols and their sharing set, we first propose a method based on trace injection in a high-level cache model. This method enables a very fast architectural exploration of cache coherence protocols.We also propose a new dynamic sharing set for cache coherence protocols, which is scalable. With 64 cores, 93% of cache blocks are shared by up to 8 cores.Futhermore, knowing that the operating system looks to place communicating tasks close to each other. Our dynamic sharing set takes advantage from these two observations by using a bit vector for a subset of copies and a linked list. The bit vector corresponds to a rectangle which stores the exact sharing set. The position and shape of this rectangle evolve over application's lifetime. Several algorithms for coherent rectangle placement are proposed and evaluated. Finally, we make a comparison with sharing sets from the state of the art
Lamarche-Perrin, Robin. "Analyse macroscopique des grands systèmes : émergence épistémique et agrégation spatio-temporelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933186.
Full textSaeida, Ardekani Masoud. "Le maintien de la cohérence dans les systèmes de stockage partiellement repliqués." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066234/document.
Full textIn the first part, we study consistency in a transactional systems, and focus on reconciling scalability with strong transactional guarantees. We identify four scalability properties, and show that none of the strong consistency criteria ensure all four. We define a new scalable consistency criterion called Non-Monotonic Snapshot Isolation (NMSI), while is the first that is compatible with all four properties. We also present a practical implementation of NMSI, called Jessy, which we compare experimentally against a number of well-known criteria. We also introduce a framework for performing fair comparison among different transactional protocols. Our insight is that a large family of distributed transactional protocols have a common structure, called Deferred Update Replication (DUR). Protocols of the DUR family differ only in behaviors of few generic functions. We present a generic DUR framework, called G-DUR. We implement and compare several transactional protocols using the G-DUR framework.In the second part, we focus on ensuring consistency in non-transactional data stores. We introduce Tuba, a replicated key-value store that dynamically selects replicas in order to maximize the utility delivered to read operations according to a desired consistency defined by the application. In addition, unlike current systems, it automatically reconfigures its set of replicas while respecting application-defined constraints so that it adapts to changes in clients’ locations or request rates. Compared with a system that is statically configured, our evaluation shows that Tuba increases the reads that return strongly consistent data by 63%
Sakka, Mohamed Amin. "Contributions à la modélisation et la conception des systèmes de gestion de provenance à large échelle." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0023/document.
Full textProvenance is a key metadata for assessing electronic documents trustworthiness. It allows to prove the quality and the reliability of its content. With the maturation of service oriented technologies and Cloud computing, more and more data is exchanged electronically and dematerialization becomes one of the key concepts to cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Although most of the applications exchanging and processing documents on the Web or in the Cloud become provenance aware and provide heterogeneous, decentralized and not interoperable provenance data, most of Provenance Management Systems (PMSs) are either dedicated to a specific application (workflow, database, ...) or a specific data type. Those systems were not conceived to support provenance over distributed and heterogeneous sources. This implies that end-users are faced with different provenance models and different query languages. For these reasons, modeling, collecting and querying provenance across heterogeneous distributed sources is considered today as a challenging task. This is also the case for designing scalable PMSs providing these features. In the fist part of our thesis, we focus on provenance modelling. We present a new provenance modelling approach based on semantic Web technologies. Our approach allows to import provenance data from heterogeneous sources, to enrich it semantically to obtain high level representation of provenance. It provides syntactic interoperability between those sources based on a minimal domain model (MDM), supports the construction of rich domain models what allows high level representations of provenance while keeping the semantic interoperability. Our modelling approch supports also semantic correlation between different provenance sources and allows the use of a high level semantic query language. In the second part of our thesis, we focus on the design, implementation and scalability issues of provenance management systems. Based on our modelling approach, we propose a centralized logical architecture for PMSs. Then, we present a mediator based architecture for PMSs aiming to preserve provenance sources distribution. Within this architecture, the mediator has a global vision on all provenance sources and possesses query processing and distribution capabilities. The validation of our modelling approach was performed in a document archival context within Novapost, a company offering SaaS services for documents archiving. Also, we propose a non-functional validation aiming to test the scalability of our architecture. This validation is based on two implementation of our PMS : he first uses an RDF triple store (Sesame) and the second a NoSQL DBMS coupled with the map-reduce parallel model (CouchDB). The tests we performed show the limits of Sesame in storing and querying large amounts of provenance data. However, the PMS based on CouchDB showed a good performance and a linear scalability
SAKKA, Mohamed Amin. "Contributions à la modélisation et la conception des systèmes de gestion de provenance à large échelle." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762641.
Full textCattan, Oralie. "Systèmes de questions-réponses interactifs à grande échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG090.
Full textInformational search has evolved with our need for immediacy and intuitiveness into a form of natural language querying, no longer solely focused on the use of relevant keywords. The study of these interactions raises major issues in the field of machine understanding with regard to the contextualization of questions. Indeed, questions are rarely asked in isolation. Grouped together, they form a dialogue that is built and structured over the course of the conversation. In the following series of questions: “How much does a hotel room cost in Montreal? », « how to prepare a Basque cake », « what are black bees? », « do they sleep? », the interpretation of some questions depends on the questions and answers previously asked. In this context, designing an interactive question-answering system capable of sustaining a conversation that is not limited to a simple succession of sporadic questions and answers constitutes a challenge in terms of contextual modeling and high-performance computing. The evolution of intensive computing techniques and solutions, the availability of large volumes of raw data (in the case of unsupervised learning) or enriched with linguistic or semantic information (in the case of supervised learning) have allowed machine learning methods to experience significant development, with considerable applications in the industrial sector. Despite their success, these domain and language models, learned from a massive amount of data with a large number of parameters, raise questions of usability and today appear less than optimal, given the new challenges of digital sobriety. In a real business scenario, where systems are developed rapidly and are expected to work robustly for an increasing variety of domains, tasks and languages, fast and efficient learning from a limited number of examples is essential. In this thesis we deepen each of the aforementioned issues and propose approaches based on the knowledge transfer from latent and contextual representations to optimize performance and facilitate a cost-effective large-scale deployment of systems
Saeida, Ardekani Masoud. "Le maintien de la cohérence dans les systèmes de stockage partiellement repliqués." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066234.
Full textIn the first part, we study consistency in a transactional systems, and focus on reconciling scalability with strong transactional guarantees. We identify four scalability properties, and show that none of the strong consistency criteria ensure all four. We define a new scalable consistency criterion called Non-Monotonic Snapshot Isolation (NMSI), while is the first that is compatible with all four properties. We also present a practical implementation of NMSI, called Jessy, which we compare experimentally against a number of well-known criteria. We also introduce a framework for performing fair comparison among different transactional protocols. Our insight is that a large family of distributed transactional protocols have a common structure, called Deferred Update Replication (DUR). Protocols of the DUR family differ only in behaviors of few generic functions. We present a generic DUR framework, called G-DUR. We implement and compare several transactional protocols using the G-DUR framework.In the second part, we focus on ensuring consistency in non-transactional data stores. We introduce Tuba, a replicated key-value store that dynamically selects replicas in order to maximize the utility delivered to read operations according to a desired consistency defined by the application. In addition, unlike current systems, it automatically reconfigures its set of replicas while respecting application-defined constraints so that it adapts to changes in clients’ locations or request rates. Compared with a system that is statically configured, our evaluation shows that Tuba increases the reads that return strongly consistent data by 63%
Mercier, Annabelle. "Modélisation et prototypage d'un système de recherche d'informations basé sur la proximité des occurences des termes de la requête dans les documents." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785143.
Full textEl, Merhebi Souad. "La gestion d'effet : une méthode de filtrage pour les environnements virtuels répartis." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/243/1/El_Merhebi_Souad.pdf.
Full textDistributed virtual environments (DVEs) are intended to provide an immersive experience to their users within a shared virtual environment. For this purpose, DVEs try to supply participants with coherent views of the shared world. This requires a heavy message exchange between participants especially with the increasing popularity of massively multiplayer DVEs. This heavy message exchange consumes a lot of processing power and bandwidth, slowing down the system and limiting interactivity. Indeed, coherence, interactivity and scalability are basic requirements of DVEs. However, these requirements are conflicting because coherence requires the more important exchange of messages that we can have while interactivity and scalability demand to decrease this exchange to minimum. For this reason, the management of message exchange is essential for distributed virtual environments. To manage message exchange in an intelligent way, DVE systems use various filtering techniques. Among them, interest management techniques filter messages according to users' interests in the world. In this document, we present our interest management technique, the effect management. This technique expresses the interests and manifestations of participants in various media through conscience and effect zones. When the conscience zone of a participant collides the effect zone of another participant in a given medium, the first one becomes conscious of the second. ). .
Quesnel, Flavien. "Vers une gestion coopérative des infrastructures virtualisées à large échelle : le cas de l'ordonnancement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821103.
Full textGueye, Modou. "Gestion de données de recommandation à très large échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0083.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the scalability problem of recommender systems. We propose accu rate and scalable algorithms. We first consider the case of matrix factorization techniques in a dynamic context, where new ratings..are continuously produced. ln such case, it is not possible to have an up to date model, due to the incompressible time needed to compute it. This happens even if a distributed technique is used for matrix factorization. At least, the ratings produced during the model computation will be missing. Our solution reduces the loss of the quality of the recommendations over time, by introducing some stable biases which track users' behavior deviation. These biases are continuously updated with the new ratings, in order to maintain the quality of recommendations at a high leve for a longer time. We also consider the context of online social networks and tag recommendation. We propose an algorithm that takes account of the popularity of the tags and the opinions of the users' neighborhood. But, unlike common nearest neighbors' approaches, our algorithm doe not rely on a fixed number of neighbors when computing a recommendation. We use a heuristic that bounds the network traversai in a way that allows to faster compute the recommendations while preserving the quality of the recommendations. Finally, we propose a novel approach that improves the accuracy of the recommendations for top-k algorithms. Instead of a fixed list size, we adjust the number of items to recommend in a way that optimizes the likelihood that ail the recommended items will be chosen by the user, and find the best candidate sub-list to recommend to the user
Doucet, Antoine. "Extraction, Exploitation and Evaluation of Document-based Knowledge." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070505.
Full textDiaconu, Raluca. "Passage à l'échelle pour les mondes virtuels." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066090/document.
Full textVirtual worlds attract millions of users and these popular applications --supported by gigantic data centers with myriads of processors-- are routinely accessed. However, surprisingly, virtual worlds are still unable to host simultaneously more than a few hundred users in the same contiguous space.The main contribution of the thesis is Kiwano, a distributed system enabling an unlimited number of avatars to simultaneously evolve and interact in a contiguous virtual space. In Kiwano we employ the Delaunay triangulation to provide each avatar with a constant number of neighbors independently of their density or distribution. The avatar-to-avatar interactions and related computations are then bounded, allowing the system to scale. The load is constantly balanced among Kiwano's nodes which adapt and take in charge sets of avatars according to their geographic proximity. The optimal number of avatars per CPU and the performances of our system have been evaluated simulating tens of thousands of avatars connecting to a Kiwano instance running across several data centers, with results well beyond the current state-of-the-art.We also propose Kwery, a distributed spatial index capable to scale dynamic objects of virtual worlds. Kwery performs efficient reverse geolocation queries on large numbers of moving objects updating their position at arbitrary high frequencies. We use a distributed spatial index on top of a self-adaptive tree structure. Each node of the system hosts and answers queries on a group of objects in a zone, which is the minimal axis-aligned rectangle. They are chosen based on their proximity and the load of the node. Spatial queries are then answered only by the nodes with meaningful zones, that is, where the node's zone intersects the query zone.Kiwano has been successfully implemented for HybridEarth, a mixed reality world, Manycraft, our scalable multiplayer Minecraft map, and discussed for OneSim, a distributed Second Life architecture. By handling avatars separately, we show interoperability between these virtual worlds.With Kiwano and Kwery we provide the first massively distributed and self-adaptive solutions for virtual worlds suitable to run in the cloud. The results, in terms of number of avatars per CPU, exceed by orders of magnitude the performances of current state-of-the-art implementations. This indicates Kiwano to be a cost effective solution for the industry. The open API for our first implementation is available at \url{http://kiwano.li}
Diaconu, Raluca. "Passage à l'échelle pour les mondes virtuels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066090.
Full textVirtual worlds attract millions of users and these popular applications --supported by gigantic data centers with myriads of processors-- are routinely accessed. However, surprisingly, virtual worlds are still unable to host simultaneously more than a few hundred users in the same contiguous space.The main contribution of the thesis is Kiwano, a distributed system enabling an unlimited number of avatars to simultaneously evolve and interact in a contiguous virtual space. In Kiwano we employ the Delaunay triangulation to provide each avatar with a constant number of neighbors independently of their density or distribution. The avatar-to-avatar interactions and related computations are then bounded, allowing the system to scale. The load is constantly balanced among Kiwano's nodes which adapt and take in charge sets of avatars according to their geographic proximity. The optimal number of avatars per CPU and the performances of our system have been evaluated simulating tens of thousands of avatars connecting to a Kiwano instance running across several data centers, with results well beyond the current state-of-the-art.We also propose Kwery, a distributed spatial index capable to scale dynamic objects of virtual worlds. Kwery performs efficient reverse geolocation queries on large numbers of moving objects updating their position at arbitrary high frequencies. We use a distributed spatial index on top of a self-adaptive tree structure. Each node of the system hosts and answers queries on a group of objects in a zone, which is the minimal axis-aligned rectangle. They are chosen based on their proximity and the load of the node. Spatial queries are then answered only by the nodes with meaningful zones, that is, where the node's zone intersects the query zone.Kiwano has been successfully implemented for HybridEarth, a mixed reality world, Manycraft, our scalable multiplayer Minecraft map, and discussed for OneSim, a distributed Second Life architecture. By handling avatars separately, we show interoperability between these virtual worlds.With Kiwano and Kwery we provide the first massively distributed and self-adaptive solutions for virtual worlds suitable to run in the cloud. The results, in terms of number of avatars per CPU, exceed by orders of magnitude the performances of current state-of-the-art implementations. This indicates Kiwano to be a cost effective solution for the industry. The open API for our first implementation is available at \url{http://kiwano.li}
Ropars, Thomas. "Services et protocoles pour l'exécution fiable d'applications distribuées dans les grilles de calcul." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456490.
Full textChaintreau, Augustin. "Processus d'interaction dans les réseaux de données." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066601.
Full textAbboud, Khodor. "Conception et évaluation d'un modèle adaptatif pour la qualité de service dans les réseaux MPLS." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590422.
Full textLetort, Arnaud. "Passage à l'échelle pour les contraintes d'ordonnancement multi-ressources." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932215.
Full textGolenetskaya, Natalia. "Adresser les défis de passage à l'échelle en génomique comparée." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859439.
Full textSchulbaum, Laurent. "Traduction des surfaces stratigraphiques et des géométries deltaïques lors du passage de l'échelle puits à l'échelle sismique." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10328.
Full textGuitton, Alexandre. "Communications multicast : contributions aux réseaux optiques et au passage à l'échelle." Rennes 1, 2005. https://hal-clermont-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01448117.
Full textCouteyen, Carpaye Jean Marie. "Contribution à la parallélisation et au passage à l'échelle du code FLUSEPA." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0073/document.
Full textThere are different kinds of satellites that offer different services like communication, navigationor observation. They are put into orbit through the use of launchers whose design is oneof the main activities of Airbus Defence and Space. Relying on experiments is not easy : windtunnel cannot be used to evaluate every critical situation that a launcher will face during itsmission. Numerical simulation is therefore mandatory for spatial industry.In order to have more reliable simulations, more computational power is needed and supercomputersare used. Those supercomputers become more and more complex and this impliesto adapt existing codes to make them run efficiently. Nowadays, it seems important to rely onabstractions in order to ensure a good portability of performance. Airbus Defence and Spacedeveloped for more than 20 years the FLUSEPA code which is used to compute unsteady phenomenalike take-off blast wave or stage separation. The aerodynamic solver relies on a finitevolume formulation and an explicit temporal adaptive solver. Bodies in relative motion are takeninto account through the use of multiple meshes that are overlapped.This thesis is about the parallelization of the FLUSEPA code. At the start of the thesis,the only parallel version available was in shared memory through OpenMP. A first distributedmemory version was realized and relies on MPI and OpenMP. The performance improvementof this version was evaluated on two industrial test cases. A task-based demonstrator of theaerodynamic solver was also realized over a runtime system
Gorisse, David. "Passage à l'échelle des méthodes de recherche sémantique dans les grandes bases d'images." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560796.
Full textImafouo, Amélie. "Etude de l'influence du passage à l'échelle sur les modèles de recherche d'information." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785157.
Full textAdjiman, Philippe. "Raisonnement pair-à-pair en logique propositionnelle : algorithmes, passage à l'échelle et applications." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112128.
Full textIn a peer-to-peer inference system, each peer can reason locally but can also solicit some of its acquaintances, which are peers sharing part of its vocabulary. In this thesis, we consider peer-to-peer inference systems in which the local theory of each peer is a set of propositional clauses defined upon a local vocabulary. An important characteristic of peer-to-peer inference systems is that the global theory (the union of all peer theories) is not known. The first main contribution of this thesis is to provide the first consequence finding algorithm in a peer-to-peer setting: DeCA. It is anytime and computes consequences gradually from the solicited peer to peers that are more and more distant. We exhibit a sufficient condition on the acquaintance graph of the peer-to-peer inference system for guaranteeing the completeness of this algorithm. Another important contribution is to apply this general distributed reasoning setting to the setting of the Semantic Web through the SomeOWL and SomeRDFS peer-to-peer data management systems. Those systems allow each peer to annotate (categorize) its data using simple ontologies and to establish mappings with ontologies of its acquaintances. SomeOWL and SomeRDFS data models are respectively based on the two emerging W3C recommendations for the semantic web, namely OWL and RDF(S). The last contribution of this thesis is to provide an extensive experimental analysis of the scalability of the peer-to-peer infrastructure that we propose, on large networks of 1000 peers
Siria, Alessandro. "Systèmes nano électro mécanique et intéractions à l'échelle nanométrique." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10264.
Full textMicro and Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS and NEMS) are among the best candidates for the measurement of interactions at the nanoscale. Resolution in force in the range of attonewton has been successfully exploited for the weighting of single molecules or the measurement of the spin of a single electron. NEMS and MEMS are generally mechanical devices made from submicron components facing each other. When the distance between the components reaches the sub-micron scale, phenomena generally neglected during macroscopic applications have to be taken into account. For example, the interaction mechanisms between the two surfaces moving at sub-micron separations are mediated by forces that, in macroscopic devices, are often irrelevant. In this thesis work we study interaction forces between surfaces when the the gap separating them is in the range from tens of nanometers up to several micrometers. First we address the problem of hydrodynamic forces acting on micro-structures oscillating in viscous environment. We show that the effect damping of a confined fluid is depending by the gap size of the confinement cavity. We study how this confinement effect can modify the properties of the mechanical oscillator. Second we address the problem of optical forces acting on micro mechanical oscillators. Using absorption and diffraction of X-ray beams we will see that effects usually observed using visible light can also be observed using X-rays. We show that Micro and possibly Nano Electro Mechanical System can be suitable for developing new tools in the domain of Synchrotron light techniques. Finally we study the thermal radiation between surfaces when the gap is the micron and sub-micron scale where the contribution of near field components cannot be neglected. We show measurement of thermal radiation between surfaces of glass providing a comparison with the theory of thermal radiation based on stochastic electrodynamics
Roux, Denis. "Rhéologie : de l'échelle nano-métrique l'échelle macroscopique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626610.
Full textEeckman, Judith. "Caractérisation des systèmes hydro-climatiques à l'échelle locale dans l'Himalaya népalais." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT103/document.
Full textThe central part of the Hindukush-Himalaya region presents tremendous heterogeneity, in particular in terms of topography and climatology. The representation of hydro-climatic processes for Himalayan catchments is limited due to a lack of knowledge regarding their hydrological behavior. Local variability is thus difficult to characterize based on modeling studies done at a regional scale. The proposed approach is to characterize hydro-climatic systems at the local scale to reduce uncertainties associated with environmental heterogeneity.The integration of locally reliable data is tested to model sparsely instrumented, highly heterogeneous catchments. Two sub-catchments of the Dudh Koshi River basin (Nepal) are used as representative samples of high and mid-mountain environments, with no glacier contribution. The ISBA surface scheme is applied to simulate hydrological responses of the surfaces that are described based on in-situ observations. Measurements of physical properties of soils are integrated to precise surface parametrization in the model. Necessary climatic data is interpolated based on available in-situ measurements. A non deterministic approach is applied to quantify uncertainties associated with the effect of topography on precipitation and their propagation through the modeling chain. Finally, uncertainties associated with model structure are estimated at the local scale by comparing simulation methods and results obtained on the one hand with the ISBA model, coupled with a reservoir routing module, and on the other hand, with the J2000 hydrological model
Kassem, Hassan. "Simulation à l'échelle atomique de systèmes hétérogènes : défauts, interdiffusion et dynamique." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30163.
Full textAndrieu, Pierre. "Passage à l'échelle, propriétés et qualité des algorithmes de classements consensuels pour les données biologiques massives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG041.
Full textBiologists and physicians regularly query public biological databases, for example when they are looking for the most associated genes towards a given disease. The chosen keyword are particularly important: synonymous reformulations of the same disease (for example "breast cancer" and "breast carcinoma") may lead to very different rankings of (thousands of) genes. The genes, sorted by relevance, can be tied (equal importance towards the disease). Additionally, some genes returned when using a first synonym may be absent when using another synonym. The rankings are then called "incomplete rankings with ties". The challenge is to combine the information provided by these different rankings of genes. The problem of taking as input a list of rankings and returning as output a so-called consensus ranking, as close as possible to the input rankings, is called the "rank aggregation problem". This problem is known to be NP-hard. Whereas most works focus on complete rankings without ties, we considered incomplete rankings with ties. Our contributions are divided into three parts. First, we have designed a graph-based heuristic able to divide the initial problem into independent sub-problems in the context of incomplete rankings with ties. Second, we have designed an algorithm able to identify common points between all the optimal consensus rankings, allowing to provide information about the robustness of the provided consensus ranking. An experimental study on a huge number of massive biological datasets has highlighted the biological relevance of these approaches. Our last contribution the following one : we have designed a parameterized model able to consider various interpretations of missing data. We also designed several algorithms for this model and did an axiomatic study of this model, based on social choice theory
Bilhaut, Lise. "Actionnement magnétique à l'échelle nanométrique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468902.
Full textBilhaut, Lise. "Actionnement magnétique à l'échelle nanométrique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10226.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents a new actuation scheme working at the nanoscale, based on the integration of an antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic stack with a nanomechanical system. Those multilayers, inherited from spintronics and magnetic memory, have the specificity to maintain a high magnetization when decreasing their dimensions. Furthermore, the magnetization direction of some stack can be reversed thanks to a thermoelectrical system. We have illustrated this new actuation system with two devices. The first one is a nanoswitch that uses the dipolar interaction between two magnets in order to commute between two stable mechanical states. The bistability character is reached by switching the magnetization direction of one the two magnets. The second device is a nanoresonator actuated by the Lorentz force arising from the interaction between a current flowing through the mechanical system and the magnetic field of an integrated magnetic stack. This manuscript details the theoretical models established to design both devices. We present technological flow charts that allow the manufacturing of both devices in a very large scale integration on 8' wafers. One of the original steps is the release process based on a sacrificial titanium layer etched by xenon difluoride. We also deal with the change in material parameters, especially the resistivity, so we can give an estimated value for the contact resistance of a nanoswitch. Eventually, measurements made with a laser Doppler vibrometer have shown that the manufactured nanoresonator is indeed actuated by the Lorentz force, giving the proof of concept of this new actuation scheme
Richer, Gaëlle. "Passage à l'échelle pour la visualisation interactive exploratoire de données : approches par abstraction et par déformation spatiale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0264/document.
Full textInteractive visualization is helpful for exploring, understanding, and analyzing data. However, increasingly large and complex data challenges the efficiency of visualization systems, both visually and computationally. The visual challenge stems from human perceptual and cognitive limitations as well as screen space limitations while the computational challenge stems from the processing and memory limitations of standard computers.In this thesis, we present techniques addressing the two scalability issues for several interactive visualization applications.To address visual scalability requirements, we present a versatile spatial-distortion approach for linked emphasis on multiple views and an abstract and multi-scale representation based on parallel coordinates. Spatial distortion aims at alleviating the weakened emphasis effect of highlighting when applied to small-sized visual elements. Multiscale abstraction simplifies the representation while providing detail on demand by pre-aggregating data at several levels of detail.To address computational scalability requirements and scale data processing to billions of items in interactive times, we use pre-computation and real-time computation on a remote distributed infrastructure. We present a system for multi-/dimensional data exploration in which the interactions and abstract representation comply with a visual item budget and in return provides a guarantee on network-related interaction latencies. With the same goal, we compared several geometric reduction strategies for the reconstruction of density maps of large-scale point sets
Dridi, Ghassen. "Contrôle quantique adiabatique : technique de passage adiabatique parallèle et systèmes dissipatifs." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692406.
Full textDeloule, Etienne. "Analyses isotopiques à l'échelle intra-cristalline : une contribution à l'étude des systèmes géologiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_DELOULE_E.pdf.
Full textMoreno, Barbosa Andrés Dario. "Passage à l’échelle des systèmes de recommandation avec respect de la vie privée." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4128/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to propose a recommendation method that keeps in mind the privacy of users as well as the scalability of the system. To achieve this goal, an hybrid technique using content-based and collaborative filtering paradigms is used in order to attain an accurate model for recommendation, under the strain of mechanisms designed to keep user privacy, particularly designed to reduce the user exposure risk. The thesis contributions are threefold : First, a Collaborative Filtering model is defined by using client-side agent that interacts with public information about items kept on the recommender system side. Later, this model is extended into an hybrid approach for recommendation that includes a content-based strategy for content recommendation. Using a knowledge model based on keywords that describe the item domain, the hybrid approach increases the predictive performance of the models without much computational effort on the cold-start setting. Finally, some strategies to improve the recommender system's provided privacy are introduced: Random noise generation is used to limit the possible inferences an attacker can make when continually observing the interaction between the client-side agent and the server, and a blacklisted strategy is used to refrain the server from learning interactions that the user considers violate her privacy. The use of the hybrid model mitigates the negative impact these strategies cause on the predictive performance of the recommendations
Heron, Jean-Savin. "Transport des phonons à l'échelle du nanomètre." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461703.
Full textHeron, Jean-Savin. "Transport des phonons à l'échelle du nanomètre." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10183.
Full textTo understand the mechanisms of the heat transport at small length scales, we are fabricating complex nano-devices and measuring the thermal conductance of suspended silicon nanowires at cryogenic temperatures, principally by the 3 omega method. We demonstrate the dependance of the phonon transport to the dimensions and the geometry of these nanostructures. For nanowires with a length between 8 and 10 µm, and a section of 200x100 nm^2, we observe a deviation of the diffusive regime of Casimir below 5K, which can be explained by taking account the roughness of the surface of the nanowires. When the temperature decreases, the wave length of the phonons increases and ballistic collisions at the surface occur, implying an increase of the mean free path of the phonons, considered before as constant. Important mesoscopic effects on the phonons transport induced by the geometry of the nanowires have been measured for the first time. The presence of zigzag on the length of the wires blocks the current of phonons on a wide range of temperature, with as consequence an important decrease in the order of 40 % of the thermal conductance in comparison with straight nanowires. Experiments in parrallel on silcon NEMS have been performed at low temperatures, and compared with MEMS of same geometries. The mechanical behavior of silcon nanostructures at low scale is also aborded. At the end, first prototypes of zeptoJoules nanocalorimeters (10^-21 J) are presented, which allow thermal characterization of single mesoscopic object
Moraine, Marc. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes de production intégrant culture et élevage à l'échelle du territoire." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0050/document.
Full textCrop-livestock integration at territory level may be a pathway to impove metabolic functions and delivery of ecosystem services in agricultural systems, overcoming the constraints of farm specialization. This thesis builds on a methodology of participatory design of integrated crop-livestock systems at territory level in three steps: diagnosis of issues, design of technical and organizational options for change, multicriteria assessment. Each step is supported with a conceptual framework and a multicriteria grid adapted to the case study in Aveyron river basin. The designed scenarios show two approaches of crop –livestock integration: the introduction of alfalfa in downstream cropping systems sold to upstream livestock systems through a local supply chain and the direct exchanges of alfalfa, cereal-legume mixtures and animal manure in local groups of organic farmers. Both scenario present improved sustainability performances and could be complementary to initiate more sustainable practices in local farming systems. The methodology allows designing multi-level and multi-domain scenarios of crop-livestock integration. It could be improved with models for quantitative assessment of benefits and coordination costs among stakeholders
Gholami, Bahman. "Application des systèmes de calcul à haute performance dans les études électrothermiques à l'échelle nanoscopique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2065/1/030259746.pdf.
Full textTorandell, Sandrine. "Extrapolation de conditions opératoires de fabrication d'émulsions à usage cosmétique lors du passage de l'échelle laboratoire aux échelles pilote et industrielle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL031N.
Full textSimo, Kanmeugne Patrick. "Simulation crédible des déplacements de piétons en temps réel : modèle microscopique à influence macroscopique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066597.
Full textIn this work, we focus on real-time simulation of autonomous pedestrians navigation. Existing models for this purpose tend to diverge on whether to build on pedestrians' characteristics and local interactions - microscopic approaches - or to focus on pedestrians' flow regardless of individual characteristics - macroscopic approaches. Our position is that the two approaches should not be separated. Thus, we introduce a Macroscopic-Influenced Microscopic approach which aims at reducing the gap between microscopic and macroscopic approaches by providing credible walking paths for a potentially highly congested crowd of autonomous pedestrians. Our approach originates from a least-effort formulation of the navigation task, which allows us to consistently account for congestion at every levels of decision. We use the multi-agent paradigm and describe pedestrians as autonomous and situated agents who plan dynamically for energy efficient paths, and interact with each other through the environment. The navigable space is considered as a set of contiguous resources that agents use to build their paths. We emulate the dynamic path computation for each agent with an evolutionary search algorithm that implement a tabu search heuristic, especially designed to be executed in real-time and autonomously. We have compared an implementation of our approach with a standard microscopic model, against low-density and high density scenarios, with encouraging results in terms of credibility and scalability. We believe that microscopic models could be easily extended to embrace our approach, thus providing richer simulations of potentially highly congested crowd of autonomous pedestrians
Graux, Damien. "On the efficient distributed evaluation of SPARQL queries." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM058/document.
Full textThe Semantic Web standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium aims at providing a common framework that allows data to be shared and analyzed across applications. Thereby, it introduced as common base for data the Resource Description Framework (rdf) and its query language sparql.Because of the increasing amounts of rdf data available, dataset distribution across clusters is poised to become a standard storage method. As a consequence, efficient and distributed sparql evaluators are needed.To tackle these needs, we first benchmark several state-of-the-art distributed sparql evaluators while adapting the considered set of metrics to a distributed context such as e.g. network traffic. Then, an analysis driven by typical use cases leads us to define new development areas in the field of distributed sparql evaluation. On the basis of these fresh perspectives, we design several efficient distributed sparql evaluators which fit into each of these use cases and whose performances are validated compared with the already benchmarked evaluators. For instance, our distributed sparql evaluator named sparqlgx offers efficient time performances while being resilient to the loss of nodes
Liénart, Camilla. "La matière organique particulaire dans les systèmes côtiers : composition, dynamique et forçages à l'échelle multi-systémique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0255/document.
Full textPelagic coastal systems are characterized by multiple inputs of particulate organic matter (POM) from autochthonous (phytoplankton) and allochthonous (continental, benthic) origin whose spatial and temporal variability can be high. The aims of my PhD were to 1) quantify POM composition in pelagic coastal systems, 2) determine the forcings to its spatio-temporal dynamics and 3) investigate the link between bacteria and POM composition. This study was conducted on twelve systems (estuary, lagoon, bays, rias, littoral) distributed over the three maritime facades of France by combining the use of elemental and isotopic ratios (composition), fatty acids (POM-bacteria link) and multivariate analysis (forcings).At multi-systems and/or intra-system scale, two main gradients are observed:- an inshore (higher continental and benthic contribution) - offshore gradient (phytoplanktonic POM) mainly related to hydrodynamics and sedimentary hydrodynamics (river flow, resuspension of benthic material) and to the proximity to allochthonous sources- a South (POM related to diazotrophy) – North (absence of this POM) gradient, associated to the trophic status (oligo vs meso/eutrophy) of the studied systems.The seasonality of spatio-temporal dynamics of POM composition is highly variable depending on the station. It is in general higher near the coast and lower offshore and upstream in the studied estuary. This dynamic is also strongly associated to sedimentary hydrodynamics.Finally, this study highlight that bacterial biomass is mainly associated to continental and benthic POM
D'Ascenzo, Luigi. "Etude des réseaux de reconnaissance biomoléculaire à l'échelle atomique pour les systèmes ARN et ARN/protéines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ108/document.
Full textTogether with hydrogen bonds, uncommon non-covalent interactions are fundamental for recognition networks in RNA and RNA-protein systems. Among them, I focused on oxygen-pi stacking. This interaction takes the form of phosphate-pi within U-turns and of ribose O4’-pi within “Z-RNA” motifs. In that respect, a novel classification of tetraloops is proposed, defining U-turns and Z-turns based on their oxygen-pi stacking properties. Further, “Z-like” motifs are found to pervade small and large RNAs, being also a recognition pattern for immunology-related proteins. To better understand biomolecular recognition networks, we reviewed the binding of metal ions and anions within RNA, finding many examples of ions misattribution in PDB structures. We propose rules to avoid attribution errors. The results of this thesis will improve our knowledge and understanding of biomolecular recognition networks, as well as assist structural determination and structural modelling techniques of RNA systems