Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parts per million (ppm)

Academic literature on the topic 'Parts per million (ppm)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Parts per million (ppm).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Parts per million (ppm)"

1

Cody, Robert B. "Why Are We Still Reporting Mass Accuracy in Parts per Million (ppm)?" Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 31, no. 4 (March 18, 2020): 1004–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jasms.9b00150.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sunberg, Richard J. "A simple procedure to convert parts per million (ppm) to molarity (m)." Journal of Chemical Education 63, no. 8 (August 1986): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed063p714.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Li, Libo, Rui-Biao Lin, Rajamani Krishna, Xiaoqing Wang, Bin Li, Hui Wu, Jinping Li, Wei Zhou, and Banglin Chen. "Efficient separation of ethylene from acetylene/ethylene mixtures by a flexible-robust metal–organic framework." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 36 (2017): 18984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05598f.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gibbs, Shawn G., John J. Lowe, Philip W. Smith, and Angela L. Hewlett. "Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide as an Alternative for Bedbug Control." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 33, no. 5 (May 2012): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/665320.

Full text
Abstract:
Objective.This study evaluated the efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for extermination of bedbugs (Cimex lectularius and Citnex hemipterus).Background.Bedbugs have received attention because of recent outbreaks. Bedbug eradication is difficult and often requires a time-consuming multifaceted approach.Setting.Laboratory and hospital room.Methods.Bedbugs were exposed to concentrations of ClO2 of 362, 724, and 1,086 parts per million (ppm) in an exposure chamber. Bedbug mortality was then evaluated. The ability of ClO2 to penetrate various spaces in a hospital room was evaluated using Bacillus atropheus as a surrogate organism.Results.Concentrations of 1,086 and 724 ppm of ClO2 yielded 100% bedbug mortality assessed immediately after exposure. Live young were not observed for any eggs exposed to ClO2 gas. ClO2 at a concentration of 362 ppm for 1,029 parts per million hours (ppm-hours) achieved 100% mortality 6 hours after exposure. A ClO2 concentration of 362 ppm for 519 ppm-hours had 100% mortality 18 hours after exposure. Up to a 6-log reduction in B. atropheus spores was achieved using similar concentrations of ClO2 in a hospital room, indicating that the concentrations needed to kill bedbugs can be achieved throughout a hospital room.Conclusions.ClO2 is effective at killing bedbugs in the laboratory, and similar concentrations of ClO2 gas can be achieved in a hospital room. ClO2 can be removed from the room without residuals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mody, I., and J. J. Miller. "Levels of hippocampal calcium and zinc following kindling-induced epilepsy." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-028.

Full text
Abstract:
Hippocampal calcium and zinc content was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in control and commissural-kindled rats. In animals exhibiting 5–10 consecutive motor seizures hippocampal calcium was slightly elevated (356.7 parts per million (ppm), dry weight) but not significantly different from controls (329.8 ppm), whereas the amount of zinc was significantly higher (101.6 ppm) than in nonstimulated animals (88.3 ppm). These results are indicative of certain pathophysiological changes in kindled hippocampi, most likely localized to the granule cells of the dentate gyrus where the bulk of hippocampal zinc is confined.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Uozumi, Yasuhiro, Anggi Eka Purta, Shun Ichii, and Aya Tazawa. "C−H Arylation of Thiophenes with Aryl Bromides by a Parts-per-Million Loading of a Palladium NNC-Pincer Complex." Synlett 31, no. 16 (July 24, 2020): 1634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707213.

Full text
Abstract:
A palladium NNC-pincer complex efficiently catalyzed the direct arylation of thiophene derivatives with extremely low palladium loadings of the order of parts per million. Thus, the reaction of various thiophenes with aryl bromides in the presence of 25–100 mol ppm of chlorido[(2-phenyl-κ-C 2)-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2-N,N′]palladium(II) NNC-pincer complex, K2CO3, and pivalic acid in N,N-dimethyl­acetamide afforded the corresponding 2- or 5-arylated thiophenes in good to excellent yields. A combination of the present C–H arylation and Hiyama coupling with the same NNC-pincer complex provides an efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,5-thiophenes with catalyst loadings at mol ppm levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Fritz, Ronald D., and Yumin Chen. "Characterizing the Distribution of Ppm Gluten in Gluten Free Oatmeal Servings Contaminated with a Wheat Kernel." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 5 (August 25, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n5p92.

Full text
Abstract:
Oats are often contaminated with rogue kernels of gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley and rye. When producing gluten free oatmeal, possessing an understanding of the consequences of this possibility is prudent, as labeling requirements specify a maximum amount of gluten in terms of ‘parts per million’ (ppm) gluten. Variation in contaminant kernels, along with variation due to measurement itself though, can result in a wide range of possible ppm gluten outcomes in contaminated servings. This research pursues characterization of this variability, highlighting contributors to it, doing so by quantifying distributional outcomes of ppm gluten in wheat kernel contaminated servings. This is done via statistical simulation of wheat kernel contaminated servings, done for a collection of wheat types and incorporating various measurement influences. Results indicate substantial variability in ppm gluten per serving for a given wheat type, as well as between them, with this being compounded by the measurement task itself.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kosovichev, Alexander G., and Klaus G. Strassmeier. "Joint Discussion 8 Solar and stellar activity cycles." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (August 2006): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130701054x.

Full text
Abstract:
The solar magnetic field and its associated atmospheric activity exhibits periodic variations on a number of time scales. The 11-year sunspot cycle and its underlying 22-year magnetic cycle are, besides the 5-minute oscillation, the most widely known. Amplitudes and periods range from a few parts per million (ppm) and 2–3 minutes for p-modes in sunspots, a few 10 ppm and 10 minutes for the granulation turn around, a few 100 ppm and weeks for the lifetime of plages and faculae, 1000 ppm and 27 days for the rotational signal from spots, to the long-term cycles of 90 yr (Gleissberg cycle), 200 - 300 yr (Wolf, Spörer, Maunder minima), 2,400 yr from 14C tree-ring data, and possibly in excess of 100,000 yr.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Turki Abdullah Aljalisi, Mohamed Hussein Madkour, Mohamed Mo, Turki Abdullah Aljalisi, Mohamed Hussein Madkour, Mohamed Mo. "Verifying the effective application of the HACCP system in some bottled water plants in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: التحقق من التطبيق الفعال لنظام الهاسب في بعض مصانع المياه المعبأة في المنطقة الشرقية بالمملكة العربية السعودية." Journal of agricultural, environmental and veterinary sciences 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 64–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.r100121.

Full text
Abstract:
This study aims to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of applying the HACCP system in bottled water factories. A comparison was made between the factories that implement the HACCP system and the factories that do not implement the HACCP system. In this research، the chemical and bacteriological properties of bottled drinking water in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were studied. The pH، dissolved solids، nitrates، and fluoride were analyzed. Total coliforms، faecal coliforms، Escherichia coli، and pseudomonas. The results of the chemical analyzes indicated that they are in compliance with the standard limits stipulated in the Saudi Standard for Bottled Drinking Water, where the results of the chemical analysis of the factories were not applied to the HACCP system until the pH ranges between (6-7، 7). 71)، total dissolved solids (122-239) ppm، Nitrates (0،01-2،77) ppm، fluoride (0.01-1.05) ppm، while the results of factories applying HACCP system As follows: pH (6،93-7،34) total dissolved salts (168-197) parts per million، nitrates (0،004-0،42) parts per million، Fluoride (0.94-1،2) ppm. The microbiological results were within the limits allowed for the factories not applied and applied to HACCP system except in one sample for the factories that apply the HACCP system، as the analyzes showed a non-conformity to one of the water samples analyzed due to the presence of pseudomonas bacteria. The researcher presented appropriate recommendations and solutions، including continuous chemical and microbiological analyzes، while checking and reviewing HACCP system in bottled water factories.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Punzalan, Kurt Brian Daine B., Franz Kevin B. Manalo, and Emmanuel A. Florido. "Ammonia Gas Detection Using Fabricated Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles on Glass Tube Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.266.

Full text
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the ammonia (NH3) gas sensing ability of zinc oxide (ZnO) films deposited on glass tube substrates via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The fabricated films were annealed at different temperatures. The sensor films were exposed to different volumes of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), converted to parts per million (ppm). The change in voltage from concentrations 595ppm up to 1189ppm exhibited a linear trend. However, no trend was revealed in concentrations 2378ppm and 3964ppm due to film saturation. Results showed that the films annealed at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C presented sensitivities of 2.7×10-4V/ppm, 1.0×10-4V/ppm, 2.3×10-4V/ppm, and 1.5×10-4V/ppm with R2values of 0.997, 0.994, 0.904, 0.999 and resolutions of 3.7 ppm/mV, 9.9 ppm/mV, 4.4 ppm/mV, and 6.6 ppm/mV, respectively. Furthermore, this research study had proven that high quality gas sensors may be fabricated at a lower cost.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parts per million (ppm)"

1

Freeman, James Wesley. "Using EM Algorithm to identify defective parts per million on shifting production process." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19996.

Full text
Abstract:
The objective of this project is to determine whether utilizing an EM Algorithm to fit a Gaussian mixed model distribution model provides needed accuracy in identifying the number of defective parts per million when the overall population is made up of multiple independent runs or lots. The other option is approximating using standard software tools and common known techniques available to a process, industrial or quality engineer. These tools and techniques provide methods utilizing familiar distributions and statistical process control methods widely understood. This paper compares these common methods with an EM Algorithm programmed in R using a dataset of actual measurements for length of manufactured product.
text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Chitwood, Daniel Brian. "A measurement of the mean life of the positive muon to a precision of 11 parts per million /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3290204.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7399. Adviser: David W. Hertzog. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-133) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Baca, Angel Mario. "Carbon capture and storage potential contribution to mitigate climate change." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-12-676.

Full text
Abstract:
Carbon Capture and Storage Potential Contribution to Mitigate Climate Change By Angel Mario Baca, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2009 Supervisor: Dr. Eric Bickel This thesis evaluates the potential of the Carbon Capture and Storage technologies to mitigate climate change. This work emerged from the current debate regarding when CCS technologies are going to be ready in a commercial-scale, or whether they are going to be economically viable. Geologically, the world contains enough room for storing CO2 emissions, but it is still unsolved if leakage can be controlled and monitored. This research focuses on the development of an economic model to estimate the value of CCS.. This model uses equations from the DICE (Dynamic Integrated model on Climate and the Economy). Then, it estimates what change in temperature could occur, and computes the present value of damages to the economy. Moreover, emissions are simulated using the 40 scenario emissions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. As the main conclusion of this model, CCS has to be deployed in almost in the entire number of fossil fuel plants around the world and has to be done in the next 30 years to see CCS having an impact, otherwise it would be relatively small and not worth it. Moreover, CCS technologies are part of the components to reduce climate change, but not the main one. It is required that governments, companies, and institution focus their efforts in working collaboratively towards the enforcement of new policies and development of more technologies.
text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Parts per million (ppm)"

1

Horowitz, Joy. Parts per Million. New York: Penguin Group USA, Inc., 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Odeh, Robert E. Parts per million values for estimating quality levels. New York: M. Dekker, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Holland, Philip W. A mass spectrometer method for determining helium in the parts-per-million to 10-percent range. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ridley, Nancy. Request for authorization to proceed to public hearing on regulations to enact an action level of two parts per million for PCBs in fish products: To Commissioner Walker and members of the Public Health Council. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Human Services, Dept. of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Environmental Disease Prevention, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Stoops, Julia. Parts per Million. Forest Avenue Press, 2018.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Stoops, Julia. Parts Per Million. Blackstone Audio, Inc., 2018.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rohling, Eelco J. The Climate Question. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190910877.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
In 2015, annual average atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels surpassed a level of 400 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in three million years. This has caused widespread concern among climate scientists, and not least among those that work on natural climate variability in prehistoric times, before humans. These people are known as "past climate" or palaeoclimate researchers, and author Eelco J. Rohling is one of them. The Climate Question offers a background to these concerns in straightforward terms, with examples, and is motivated by Rohling's personal experience in being intensely quizzed about whether modern change is not all just part of a natural cycle, whether nature will not simply resolve the issue for us, or whether it won't be just up to some novel engineering to settle things quickly. This book discusses in straightforward terms why climate changes, how it has changed naturally before the industrial revolution made humans important, and how it has changed since then. It compares the scale and rapidity of variations in pre-industrial times with those since the industrial revolution, infers the extent of humanity's impacts, and looks at what these may lead to in the future. Rohling brings together both data and process understanding of climate change. Finally, the book evaluates what Mother Nature could do to deal with the human impact by itself, and what our options are to lend her a hand.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Barrett, Joe, Nicol Zanzarella, Greg Tremblay, and Julia Stoops. Parts Per Million Lib/E. Blackstone Publishing, 2018.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Parts per Million: The Poisoning of Beverly Hills High School. Viking Adult, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

B, Howe G., and Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.), eds. Stability of parts-per-million organic cylinder gases and result of source test analysis audits: Status report #8. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Parts per million (ppm)"

1

Murphy, Ruth Ann. "Parts Per Million (ppm) and Other Tiny Quantities." In Environmental Chemistry in the Lab, 61–64. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003006565-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Neumann, Kirsten, Doreen Richter, and Lukas Rohleder. "Vom Klimagas zum Wertstoff: CO2." In Klima, 108–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62195-0_6.

Full text
Abstract:
ZusammenfassungEs befindet sich zu viel Kohlendioxid, CO2, in der Atmosphäre. So ist die CO2- Konzentration seit Beginn der Industrialisierung von einem über Jahrtausende hinweg gleichbleibenden Wert von 280 ppm (parts per million, gemessen an Eisbohrkernen) auf fast 408 ppm (gemessen in der Atmosphäre an verschiedenen Messstationen) gestiegen. Derzeit werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Rückführung von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre diskutiert. Dazu zahlen zum Beispiel Aufforstung, Wiedervernässung von Mooren, CO2-Abscheidung, Ozeandüngung, Biokohle, oder Filter, mit denen CO2 der Umgebungsluft in chemischen Prozessen entzogen wird.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Al-Dousari, Ali, Fatin Al-Mutawaa, Hanan Al-Mansour, and Badreya Mandekar. "Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)." In Atlas of Fallen Dust in Kuwait, 121–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66977-5_5.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The crushed powder from defined dust particlesize fractions was analyzed using inductively coupled spectrometry plasma (ICP) for major and trace elements. The ICP was used for the determination of concentrations of trace elements and six major elements: (Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K) and five minor elements (Ba, Cr, V, Ti, and Pb). They are quoted in part per million (ppm). Maps showing high and low concentrations of ICPamong Kuwait.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Steiner, Stefan H., and R. Jock MacKay. "Effective Monitoring of Processes with Parts Per Million Defective. A Hard Problem!" In Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 7, 140–49. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2674-6_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hiramoto, Masahiro. "Parts-Per-Million-Level Doping Effects and Organic Solar Cells Having Doping-Based Junctions." In Organic Solar Cells, 217–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9113-6_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Reid, David A., Patrick Ryan Williams, Kurt Rademaker, Nicholas Tripcevich, and Michael D. Glascock. "Supplementary Data for Appendix 9.1." In Obsidian Across the Americas. Archaeopress Archaeology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/9781803273600-online.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

May, Robert. "Summary." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0016.

Full text
Abstract:
Energy . . . Beyond Oil is important and timely and should be understood within the wider context of global climate change and future energy demands. In the 1780s John Watts developed his steam engine and so began the Industrial Revolution. At this time, ice-core records show that levels of CO2 in the atmosphere were around 288 parts per million (ppm). Give or take 10 ppm, this had been their level for the past 6,000 years, since the dawn of the first cities. As industrialization drove up the burning of fossil fuels in the developed world, CO2 levels rose. At first the rise was slow. It took about a century and a half to reach 315 ppm. The rise accelerated during the twentieth century: 330 ppm by the mid-1970s; 360 ppm by the 1990s; 380 ppm today. This change of 20 ppm over the past decade is equal to that last seen when the most recent ice age ended, ushering in the dawn of the Holocene epoch, 10,000 years ago. If current trends continue, then by about 2050 atmospheric CO2 levels will have reachedaround500 ppm, nearly double pre-industrial levels. The last time our planet experienced such high levels was some 50 million years ago, during the Eocene epoch, when sea levels were around100 m higher than today. The Dutch Nobelist, Paul Crutzen, has, indeed, suggested that we should recognize that we are now living in a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. He sees this epoch as beginning around 1780, when industrialization began to change the geochemical history of our planet. Even today, there continues to exist a ‘denial lobby’, funded to the tune of tens of millions of dollars by sectors of the petrochemical industry, and highly influential in some countries. This lobby has understandable similarities, in tactics and attitudes, to the tobacco lobby that continues to deny smoking causes lung cancer, or the curious lobby denying that HIV causes AIDS. This denial lobby is currently very influential in the USA.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Herz, Norman, and Ervan G. Garrison. "Radiation-Damage, Cosmogenic, and Atom-Counting Methods." In Geological Methods for Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090246.003.0010.

Full text
Abstract:
Fission-track dating, one of the more recent techniques involving the use of radioactivity, has developed one of the widest ranges of applications. Dates of objects have been obtained ranging from 6 months to 109 years BP. Volcanic tephra, obsidian, man-made and basaltic glass, meteorites, and mica have been dated. A more apt term is nuclear-track dating because fissionable elements do not have to be present in the material. Fission, which produces one form of nuclear track, is a rare mode of radioactive decay. A more common decay is alpha decay, which produces a different type of track. Uranium 238 fissions spontaneously and has a well-defined half-life. It also fissions in the presence of neutrons such as are produced by reactors, accelerators, or neutron "howitzers." About 99.27% of all uranium is uranium 238. Robert L. Fleischer, Paul B. Price, and Robert M. Walker, who have done most of the original work in this field, have determined that most minerals contain this isotope in amounts from a few parts per billion (ppb) to many parts per million (ppm). These researchers devised a chart which characterizes the ease of use of this technique as a function of the uranium concentration. A high uranium concentration allows an "easily measured" age where the observer spends an hour at the microscope counting chemically etched fission tracks. For "considerable labor," 40 hours of such work is assumed. Ancient synthetic glass typically contains 1-2 ppm of uranium, so most glasses older than 8,000 years are datable. Most pottery clay contains about 5 ppm of uranium in either the clay itself or other minerals that occur as inclusions. It is very probable that some pottery clays or the mineral inclusions, such as zircon, might contain higher concentrations than this, which would make the age measurement lie between "easily" and "with considerable labor." It is important to point out that mineral inclusions such as zircons or micas act as solid-state detectors in that they register fissions as a track on the surface in contact with the pottery clay. Both fission and alpha events can do this.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

"Climate Change Overview." In Utilizing Innovative Technologies to Address the Public Health Impact of Climate Change, 1–36. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3414-3.ch001.

Full text
Abstract:
There is overwhelming scientific evidence that we are experiencing global warming, and that is it due to human-made greenhouse gas emissions, not to a “natural” cycle. Two key indicators of climate change had record-breaking years in 2016: the global mean surface temperature was the highest since recording began in 1880, and the average Arctic sea ice extent was the smallest annual average since record-keeping began in 1979. The greenhouse effect, caused by the burning of fossil fuels, has accelerated as carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has soared to more than 400 parts per million (ppm). As a result of global warming, sea levels are projected to rise at least one-meter (39.4 inches), possibly two meters (78.7 inches), by 2100. It is vitally important that the nations of the world reduce CO2 emissions to slow down global warming. This chapter gives an overview of domestic and global trends in, and impacts from, climate change.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Rohling, Eelco J. "Introduction." In The Climate Question. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190910877.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
In 2015, the annual mean global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) level surpassed 400 parts per million (ppm; Figure 1.1), and we know very well that this rise is caused by human activities (Figure 1.2). It was the first time in 3 million years that such a level had been reached. Crossing this level has caused widespread concern among climate scientists, and not least among those called pale climatologists, who work on natural climate variability in prehistoric times, before humans. Over the last few decades, researchers have been repeatedly raising the alarm that emissions of CO2, along with those of other greenhouse gases, are getting dangerously out of control and that urgent remedial action is needed. With the crossing of the 400 ppm threshold, this sense of urgency reached a climax: at the Conference of Parties 21 meeting in Paris—also known as COP21 or the 2015 Paris Climate Conference—broad interna¬tional political agreement was reached to limit global warming to a maximum of 2°C, and if at all possible 1.5° C, by the end of this century. If one calculates this through, this implies a commitment for society to operate on zero net carbon emissions well before 2050, along with development and large-scale application of methods for CO2 removal from the climate system. (Scientists focus on carbon (C) emissions when they discuss emissions because it helps in calculating CO2 changes produced by the processing of specific volumes/ masses of fossil fuel hydrocarbons.) Clearly, the challenge is enormous, especially given that even implementing all the pledges made since COP21 would still allow warming to reach about 3°C by 2100. But, regardless, the agreement was ground breaking. It was a marker of hope, optimism, and international motivation to tackle climate change. Moreover, there are concerns about the stated COP21 targets. First, the proposed 2°C or 1.5°C limits to avoid 2 “dangerous” climate impacts may sound good, but there is no specific scientific basis for picking these particular numbers. Second, the implied “end of this century” deadline is an arbitrary moment in time.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Parts per million (ppm)"

1

Musa, Purnawarman, Herik Sugeru, and Haya Fadhila Mufza. "An intelligent applied Fuzzy Logic to prediction the Parts per Million (PPM) as hydroponic nutrition on the based Internet of Things (IoT)." In 2019 Fourth International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic47613.2019.8985712.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lo, William, Kenneth Wilsher, Richard Malinsky, Nina Boiadjieva, Chun-Cheng Tsao, Martin Leibowitz, and Hervé Deslandes. "Next-Generation Optical Probing Tools for Design Debug of High Speed Integrated Circuits." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0753.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Time-resolved photon emission (TRPE) results, obtained using a new superconducting, single-photon detector (SSPD) are reported. Detection efficiency (DE) for large area detectors has recently been improved by >100x without affecting SSPDs inherently low jitter (≈30 ps) and low dark-count rate (<30 s-1). TRPE measurements taken from a 0.13 μm geometry CMOS IC are presented. A single laser, time-differential probing scheme that is being investigated for next-generation laser voltage probing (LVP) is also discussed. This new scheme is designed to have shot-noise-limited performance, allowing signals as small as 100 parts-per-million (ppm) to be reliably measured.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Whitten, Matthew S., and Kim A. Stelson. "Determining Water Content at Saturation for Three Common Wind Turbine Gearbox Oils: Mobilgear SHC XMP 320, AMSOIL EP Gear Lube ISO-320 and Castrol Optigear A320." In ASME/BATH 2013 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2013-4427.

Full text
Abstract:
To meet America’s growing energy demand, wind turbines will need to become larger and more cost effective [1]. However, estimates show that the average wind farm energy output is 10 percent less than predicted and that half of this short fall is due to gearbox downtime [2]. Increasing service life of the gearbox begins with monitoring the oil and controlling contamination by both particles and water. When online relative humidity monitoring is not available, oil samples from the gearbox need to be analyzed for quality and remaining service life. Field samples sent to a lab for testing often report water content as parts per million (ppm). Because the gearbox oil should be dried or replaced before the relative humidity reaches 100 percent (saturation limit), a relationship between ppm and the oil’s saturation limit needs to be established. The present research characterizes this relationship using an environmental chamber to simulate operating conditions and Karl Fischer titration to measure the water content. The resulting plots are of water content (ppm) at saturation versus temperature for three common wind turbine gearbox oils: Mobilgear SHC XMP 320, AMSOIL EP Gear Lube ISO-320 and Castrol Optigear A320.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lowry, Robert K. "A Hermetic Package Internal Water Vapor Paradox: Nonconforming Product That Does Not Fail." In ISTFA 1998. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1998p0175.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Corrosion in hermetically sealed electronic devices is a well-known failure mechanism that can occur when moisture in a sealed cavity condenses and destroys metallization by chemical or galvanic action. Early military standards imposed a 5000 part per million by volume (ppmv) limit on internal water vapor (IWV) in hermetic parts measured by mass spectrometry. In a recent product lot IWV non-conformance, 15 of 37 product lots and 56 of 369 units were nonconforming, with IWV ranging from 5000 to 32,000 ppmv. Root cause was outgassing from a non-robust die adhesive. Functionality of non-conforming units was investigated. Of 149 units selected from non-conforming product lots and lifetested under both static and 17.7V bias conditions at 2°C (assuring condensate in non-conforming units) for 2000 hours, none failed functionally. Subsequent analysis of 27 of these units found 17 exceeding 5000 ppmv IWV with one unit as high as 90,000 ppmv IWV. Despite the certainty of condensate internally during life tests, all units maintained functionality. Units were further investigated by internal visual inspection, glass integrity testing of die passivation, and SIMS analysis of internal surfaces for ionic impurities. The units passed all inspections and were free of any ionic impurities detectable to the few ppm level by SIMS. IWV is clearly a necessary precursor to, but not a sufficient condition for, corrosion failure. This paper discusses these results and proposes an alternative IWV criterion for product assurance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Nuss-Warren, Sarah, Mohamed Toema, and Kirby S. Chapman. "Variations in Long-Term Emissions Data From NSCR-Equipped Natural Gas-Fueled Engine." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76159.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper describes work by Kansas State University’s National Gas Machinery Laboratory and Innovative Environmental Solutions, Inc. on a project to characterize pollutant emissions performance of non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) technology, including a catalyst and air-to-fuel ratio controller (AFRC), applied to four-stroke cycle rich-burn engines. Emissions and engine data were collected semi-continuously with a portable emissions analyzer on three engines in the Four Corners area. In addition, periodic emissions measurements that included ammonia were conducted several times. Data collected from October, 2007, through August, 2008, shows significant variation in emissions levels over hours, days, and longer periods of time, as well as seasonal variation. As a result of these variations, simultaneous control of NOx to below a few hundred parts per million (ppm) and CO to below 1,000 ppm volumetric concentration was not consistently achieved. Instead, the NSCR/AFRC systems were able to simultaneously control both species to these levels for only a fraction of the time the engines were monitored. Both semi-continuous emissions data and periodically collected emissions data support a NOx-CO trade-off and a NOx-ammonia tradeoff in NSCR-equipped engines.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nayar, Kishor G., Prithiviraj Sundararaman, Jeffrey D. Schacherl, Catherine L. O’Connor, Michael L. Heath, Mario Orozco Gabriel, Natasha C. Wright, and Amos G. Winter. "Feasibility Study of an Electrodialysis System for In-Home Water Desalination and Purification in Urban India." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47613.

Full text
Abstract:
Desalination of high salinity water is an effective way of improving the aesthetic quality of drinking water and has been demonstrated to be a characteristic valued by consumers. Across India, 60% of the groundwater, the primary water source for millions, is brackish or contains a high salt content with total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 500 parts per million (ppm) to 3,000ppm. The government does not provide sufficient desalination treatment before the water reaches the tap of a consumer. Therefore consumers have turned to in-home desalination. However, current products are either expensive or have low recovery, product water output per untreated feed water, (∼30%) wasting water resources. Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising technology that desalinates water while maintaining higher recovery (up to 95%) compared to existing consumer reverse osmosis (RO) products. This paper first explores the in-home desalination market to determine critical design requirements for an in-home ED system. A model was then used to evaluate and optimize the performance of an ED stack at this scale and designated salinity range. Additionally, testing was conducted in order to validate the model and demonstrate feasibility. Finally, cost estimates of the proposed in-home ED system and product design concept are presented. The results of this work identified a system design that provides consumers with up to 80% recovery of feed water with cost and size competitive to currently available in-home RO products.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Salvucci, Lucio A., Timothy C. Donnelly, and Michael A. White. "Fuel Oil In-Line Sampling Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68940.

Full text
Abstract:
The U.S. Navy is pursuing endeavors in support of propulsion gas turbines in terms of in-line fuel oil quality. Using a prototype laser technology, developed under the sponsorship of the Small Business Innovative Research Program that monitors the concentration of sediment and free water in JP-5 in real-time, the U.S. Navy is proceeding to expand it’s capabilities to monitor sediment and free water in Naval Distillate, NATO Code F-76, under flow conditions. The maximum fuel quality limitations for the U.S. Navy propulsion gas turbines are 40 parts per million (PPM) free water and 2.64 milligrams per liter (mg/liter) sediment contamination. The current prototype unit, being tested in aviation fuel (JP-5) systems, is capable of monitoring fuel quality within these systems where the maximum fuel quality limitations are 5 PPM free water and 2.0 mg/liter per liter sediment contamination. Current naval shipboard policy for gas turbine propelled hulls requires fuel quality testing at the discharge of the fuel oil service system filter separator discharge, which is the last sampling point prior to admittance into the gas turbine module. Incorporating this technology in unison with monitoring capabilities will eliminate the subjective and laborious laboratory sample testing presently conducted, reducing workload and provide Ship’s Force with real-time quality assurance data. Future enhancement of this technology is being initiated to develop the capability to analyze other potential fuel properties, such as specific gravity, in addition to sediment contaminant size distribution measurement. This will provide Ship’s Force with real-time data that can be used to detect off-specification fuel properties or on-board filtration equipment problems sooner than present. This can aid in more effective shipboard fuel quality control and prove essential in the selection of filtration systems aboard U.S. Naval vessels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Domae, Masafumi, Hirotaka Kawamura, and Taku Ohira. "Development of Alternative Reductant Application in PWR Primary Systems." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75551.

Full text
Abstract:
In primary coolant of pressurized water reactors (PWRs), high concentration dissolved hydrogen (DH) has been added, to prevent generation of oxidizing species through radiolysis of coolant. Recently, number of ageing plants is increasing and utilities are concerned about primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). Although mechanism of PWSCC is not fully clarified, some researchers consider that occurrence of PWSCC and crack propagation rate are affected by DH concentration. The authors consider that one of possible mitigation methods toward PWSCC is use of alternative reductant for hydrogen. From the radiation chemical aspect, aliphatic alcohols are typical scavengers of oxidizing radical generated through the radiolysis of water. The aliphatic alcohols are promising candidates of the alternative reductant. In the present work, possible alternatives of hydrogen were screened, and methanol was selected as the best candidate. Corrosion tests of type 304 stainless steels were carried out at 320°C in two conditions: (1) DH 1.5 ppm (part per million) and (2) methanol 2.9 ppm. Under two conditions, electrochemical corrosion potential was measured during the immersion tests. After the immersion tests, surface morphology of the stainless steel specimens was observed by scanning probe microscope. Major component of oxide film was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. From comparison of the test results, it is concluded that addition of methanol 2.9 ppm has almost the same effect as addition of DH 1.5 ppm.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Armstrong, Jeffrey, Douglas Hamrin, and Steve Lampe. "Application of Thermal Oxidation to a Recuperated Gas Turbine: The Path to PPB NOx Emissions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94688.

Full text
Abstract:
Dry, low NOx emissions developments in the industrial gas turbine industry have focused on lean-premixed combustion to reduce NOx to single digit parts-per-million (ppmV) emissions. The reduction of thermal NOx is limited by the lowest lean-premix combustion temperatures. To overcome this limit, a thermal oxidizer is applied which can oxidize hydrocarbon fuels at temperatures below those of lean-premixed combustion in a Brayton cycle. This oxidation technique is explained in a combustion taxonomy model. This paper presents the historical development and demonstration of technology with two different recuperated gas turbines operating on landfill gas. A unique fuel-injection strategy was used to introduce the fuel into the inlet of the gas turbine’s air compressor. The technology demonstrated an order-of-magnitude reduction in the emissions of NOx to the parts-per-billion range.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Luo, Pan, Jonathan Harrist, Rabah Mesdour, and Nathan Stmichel. "Moving Gas Geochemical Analysis from Lab to Field by Advanced Gas Sensor for Onsite Fluid Characterization and Time-Lapse Monitoring." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204775-ms.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Natural gas is sampled or produced throughout the lifespan of a field, including geochemical surface survey, mud gas logging, formation and well testing, and production. Detecting and measuring gas is a common practice in many upstream operations, providing gas composition and isotope data for multiple purposes, such as gas show, petroleum system analysis, fluid characterization, and production monitoring. Onsite gas analysis is usually conducted within a mud gas unit, which is operationally unavailable after drilling. Gas samples need be taken from the field and shipped back to laboratory for gas chromatography and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry analyses. Results take a considerable time and lack the resolution needed to fully characterize the heterogeneity and dynamics of fluids within the reservoir. We are developing and testing advanced sensing technology to move gas composition and isotope analyses to field for near real-time and onsite fluid characterization and monitoring. We have developed a novel QEPAS (quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy) sensor system, employing a single interband cascade laser, to measure concentrations of methane (C1), ethane (C2), and propane (C3) in gas phase. The quartz fork detection module, laser driver, and interface are integrated as a small sensing box. The sensor, sample preparation enclosures and a computer are mounted in a rack as a gas analyzer prototype for the bench testing for oil industry application. Software is designed for monitoring sample preparation, collecting data, calibration and continuous reporting sample pressure and concentration data. The sensor achieved an ultimate detection limit of 90 ppb (parts per billion), 7 ppb and 3 ppm (parts per million) for C1, C2, and C3, respectively, for one second integration time. The detection limit for C2 made a record for QEPAS technique, and measuring C3 added a new capability to the technique. However, the linearity of the QEPAS sensing were previously reported in the range of 0 to 1000 ppm, which is mainly for trace gas detection. In the study, the prototype was separately tested on standard C1, C2, and C3 with different concentrations diluted in dry nitrogen (N2). Good linearity was obtained for all single components and the ranges of linearity were expanded to their typical concentrations (per cent, %) in natural gas samples from oil and gas fields. The testing on the C1-C2 mixtures confirms that accurate C1 and C2 concentrations in % level can be achieved by the prototype. The testing results on C1-C2-C3 mixtures demonstrate the capability of simultaneous detection of three hydrocarbon components and the probability to determine their precise concentrations by QEPAS sensing. This advancement of simultaneous measuring C1, C2 and C3 concentrations, with previously demonstrated capability for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and potential to analyze carbon isotopes (13C/12C), promotes QEPAS as a prominent optical technology for gas detection and chemical analysis. The capability of measuring multiple gas components and the advantages in small sensor size, high sensitivity, quick analysis, and continuous sensing (monitoring) open the way to use QEPAS technique for in-situ and real-time gas sensing in oil industry. The iterations of QEPAS sensor might be applied in geochemical survey, on-site fluid characterization, time-lapse monitoring of production, and gas linkage detection in the oil industry.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Parts per million (ppm)"

1

Gray, Frederick Jr. A Measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the positive muon with a precision of 0.7 parts per million. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1419219.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Parts per million (ppm)' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography