Academic literature on the topic 'Partisan Segregation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Partisan Segregation":
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Urman, Aleksandra, and Mykola Makhortykh. "There can be only one truth: Ideological segregation and online news communities in Ukraine." Global Media and Communication 17, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17427665211009930.
Abstract:
The paper examines ideological segregation among Ukrainian users in online environments, using as a case study partisan news communities on Vkontakte, the largest online platform in post-communist states. Its findings suggest that despite their insignificant numbers, partisan news communities attract substantial attention from Ukrainian users and can encourage the formation of isolated ideological cliques – or ‘echo chambers’ – that increase societal polarisation. The paper also investigates factors that predict users’ interest in partisan content and establishes that the region of residence is the key predictor of selective consumption of pro-Ukrainian or pro-Russian partisan news content.
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Walker, Kyle E. "Political Segregation of the Metropolis: Spatial Sorting by Partisan Voting in Metropolitan Minneapolis–St Paul." City & Community 12, no. 1 (March 2013): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12003.
Abstract:
Recent electoral research has claimed that individuals in the United States are self–segregating along political lines. In this paper, I use the Twin Cities, Minnesota, metropolitan area as a case study to test for the presence of political segregation through statistical and spatial analyses of electoral data from 1992 to 2012. I find that while segregation by partisan voting at the individual level is comparatively low, it has increased during the study period, and there exists substantial spatial clustering in voting patterns at aggregate levels. These distinct electoral divides between central city and exurb suggest spatial sorting of the electorate in the metropolitan area.
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Hawley, George. "Local Political Context and Polarization in the Electorate: Evidence from the 2004 Presidential Election." American Review of Politics 34 (September 8, 2016): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2013.34.0.21-45.
Abstract:
Political scientists have long examined the degree to which the American electorate exhibits partisan and ideological polarization and sought to explain the causal mechanism driving this phenomenon. Some scholars have argued that there is an increasing degree of geographic polarization of the electorate—that is, a large percentage of geographic units are becoming less politically heterogeneous. In this study, I argue that the two trends are related. Using individual-level data from the 2004 National Annenberg Election Survey, I examine the relationship between local partisan context and political attitudes using multilevel models. I find that, as the local political context becomes less competitive in national elections; those in the local political majority become more ideologically extreme, strengthen their partisan attachments, and hold more polarized attitudes toward the two major-party presidential candidates. These findings suggest that the growing geo- graphic partisan segregation of the electorate is an important source of ideological and partisan polarization.
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Wihbey, John, Kenneth Joseph, and David Lazer. "The social silos of journalism? Twitter, news media and partisan segregation." New Media & Society 21, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 815–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818807133.
Abstract:
The present work proposes social media as a tool to understand the relationship between journalists’ social networks and the content they produce. Specifically, we ask, “what is the association between the partisan nature of the accounts journalists follow on Twitter and the news content they produce?” Using standard text scaling techniques, we analyze partisanship in a novel dataset of more than 300,000 news articles produced by 644 journalists at 25 different US news outlets. We then develop a novel, semi-supervised model of partisanship of Twitter following relationships and show a modest correlation between the partisanship of whom a journalist follows on Twitter and the content she produces. The findings provide insight into the partisan dynamics that appear to characterize the US media ecosystem in its broad contours, dynamics that may be traceable from social media networks to published stories.
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Sussell, Jesse. "New Support for the Big Sort Hypothesis: An Assessment of Partisan Geographic Sorting in California, 1992–2010." PS: Political Science & Politics 46, no. 04 (September 30, 2013): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096513001042.
Abstract:
AbstractThis article empirically examines the “Big Sort hypothesis”—the notion that, in recent years, liberal and conservative Americans have become increasingly spatially isolated from one another. Using block group-, tract-, and county-level party registration data and presidential election returns, I construct two formal indices of segregation for 1992–2010 in California and evaluate those indices for evidence of growth in the segregation of Californians along ideological lines. Evidence of rising geographic segregation between Democrats and Republicans for measures generated from both party registration and presidential vote data is found. This growth is statistically significant for 10 of the 12 segregation measures analyzed. In addition, many of the increases are practically significant, with estimates of growth in segregation during the observation period ranging from 2% to 23%.
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Mok, Lillio, Michael Inzlicht, and Ashton Anderson. "Echo Tunnels: Polarized News Sharing Online Runs Narrow but Deep." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 17 (June 2, 2023): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22177.
Abstract:
Online social platforms afford users vast digital spaces to share and discuss current events. However, scholars have concerns both over their role in segregating information exchange into ideological echo chambers, and over evidence that these echo chambers are nonetheless over-stated. In this work, we investigate news-sharing patterns across the entirety of Reddit and find that the platform appears polarized macroscopically, especially in politically right-leaning spaces. On closer examination, however, we observe that the majority of this effect originates from small, hyper-partisan segments of the platform accounting for a minority of news shared. We further map the temporal evolution of polarized news sharing and uncover evidence that, in addition to having grown drastically over time, polarization in hyper-partisan communities also began much earlier than 2016 and is resistant to Reddit's largest moderation event. Our results therefore suggest that social polarized news sharing runs narrow but deep online. Rather than being guided by the general prevalence or absence of echo chambers, we argue that platform policies are better served by measuring and targeting the communities in which ideological segregation is strongest.
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Coffé, Hilde, Catherine Bolzendahl, and Katia Schnellecke. "Parties, issues, and power: women’s partisan representation on German parliamentary committees." European Journal of Politics and Gender 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251510818x15311219135250.
Abstract:
This study examines the representation of women Members of Parliament on parliamentary committees in the German Bundestag since 1990. In line with theories on the social construction of gender, our descriptive analyses show that women Members of Parliament tend to be over-represented on committees handling issues such as health and family, and under-represented on committees handling issues such as foreign and legal affairs and defence. However, party differences in the over- and under-representation of women on certain committees occur. Gender segregation is strongest within the conservative parties, which also tend to have the lowest proportion of women, and weakest within the left-wing parties.
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Song, Hyunjin, Jaeho Cho, and Grace A. Benefield. "The Dynamics of Message Selection in Online Political Discussion Forums: Self-Segregation or Diverse Exposure?" Communication Research 47, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650218790144.
Abstract:
While the online sphere is believed to expose individuals to a wider array of viewpoints, a worry about self-reinforcing political echo chambers also persists. We join this scholarly debate by focusing on individual motives for political discussion and dyadic- and structural-level mechanisms that can drive one’s message-selection decision in online discussion settings. Using unobtrusively logged behavioral data matched with panel survey responses, our temporal exponential random graph model (TERGM) analysis indicates that message selection in online discussion settings is largely driven by the similarity of one’s candidate evaluative criteria and various endogenous structural factors, whereas the impact of overt partisan preference in shaping message selection is much more limited than is often assumed.
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Ding, Xiaohan, Michael Horning, and Eugenia H. Rho. "Same Words, Different Meanings: Semantic Polarization in Broadcast Media Language Forecasts Polarity in Online Public Discourse." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 17 (June 2, 2023): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22135.
Abstract:
With the growth of online news over the past decade, empirical studies on political discourse and news consumption have focused on the phenomenon of filter bubbles and echo chambers. Yet recently, scholars have revealed limited evidence around the impact of such phenomenon, leading some to argue that partisan segregation across news audiences can- not be fully explained by online news consumption alone and that the role of traditional legacy media may be as salient in polarizing public discourse around current events. In this work, we expand the scope of analysis to include both online and more traditional media by investigating the relationship between broadcast news media language and social media discourse. By analyzing a decade’s worth of closed captions (2.1 million speaker turns) from CNN and Fox News along with topically corresponding discourse from Twitter, we pro- vide a novel framework for measuring semantic polarization between America’s two major broadcast networks to demonstrate how semantic polarization between these outlets has evolved (Study 1), peaked (Study 2) and influenced partisan discussions on Twitter (Study 3) across the last decade. Our results demonstrate a sharp increase in polarization in how topically important keywords are discussed between the two channels, especially after 2016, with overall highest peaks occurring in 2020. The two stations discuss identical topics in drastically distinct contexts in 2020, to the extent that there is barely any linguistic overlap in how identical keywords are contextually discussed. Further, we demonstrate at-scale, how such partisan division in broadcast media language significantly shapes semantic polarity trends on Twitter (and vice-versa), empirically linking for the first time, how online discussions are influenced by televised media. We show how the language characterizing opposing media narratives about similar news events on TV can increase levels of partisan dis- course online. To this end, our work has implications for how media polarization on TV plays a significant role in impeding rather than supporting online democratic discourse.
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Johnson, Richard, and Desmond King. "‘Race was a motivating factor’: re-segregated schools in the American states." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 35, no. 1 (February 2019): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2018.1526701.
Abstract:
AbstractDuring the Obama presidency, Republicans made major gains in state legislative elections, especially in the South and the Midwest. Republicans’ control grew from 13 legislatures in 2009 to 32 in 2017. A major but largely unexamined consequence of this profound shift in state-level partisan control was the resurgence of efforts to re-segregate public education. We examine new re-segregation policies, especially school district secession and anti-busing laws, which have passed in these states. We argue that the marked reversal in desegregation patterns and upturn in re-segregated school education is part of the Republican Party's anti-civil rights and anti-federal strategies, dressed up in the ideological language of colour-blindness.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Partisan Segregation":
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Sartre, Emilie. "Empirical Essays on Public and Political economy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAG006.
Abstract:
Cette thèse de doctorat est à l’intersection entre l’économie publique et politique. Fondée à partir d’une approche empirique, elle explore certaines problématiques touchant les démocraties occidentales en ce début de XXI siècle: telles que l’augmentation de la dette publique, le populisme ou encore la ségrégation partisane. Les deux premiers chapitres se concentrent sur les conséquences de l’exposition du secteur public à l’innovation financière, en évaluant les aspects politiques et économiques. Le premier chapitre étudie les effets de chocs d’endettement locaux sur l’activité économique, lorsque le niveau d’endettement est particulièrement élevé. A partir de deux chocs exogènes qui ont affecté l’endettement public des municipalités françaises exposées au Franc Suisse, je parviens à distinguer l’effet d’un choc informationnel sur l’endettement public d’une réelle augmentation de la dette publique. Je trouve qu’une couverture médiatique défavorable sur l’endettement public est suffisante pour affecter la marge intensive des établissements étudiés. Une montée réelle de l’endettement local peut au contraire engendrer des effets persistants sur l’activité économique locale, en augmentant les fermetures d’établissements. L’endettement public peut donc fortement impacter l’activité économie locale. Le second chapitre est co-écrit avec Gianmarco Daniele et Paul Vertier. Afin d’explorer la montée du populisme, il propose un nouveau mécanisme entre populisme et crises financières: la révélation de scandales financiers. A l’aide de données administratives et collectées, ce chapitre prend appui sur l’affaire en 2011 des emprunts toxiques. En utilisant une stratégie d’identification par variable instrumentale, nous observons aux élections municipales de 2014 les résultats suivants: i) une candidature populiste de droite, comme de gauche, est plus probable dans les municipalités concernées – ce qui entraîne une augmentation du vote populiste, ii) cette affaire fut suffisante pour propulser les partis populistes – indépendamment de chocs économiques adverses, iii) l’entrée des partis populistes est renforcée par les facteurs usuels de la montée du populisme - ce qui fait des scandales financiers un mécanisme distinct mais complémentaire à la littérature sur le populisme. Le troisième chapitre n’est pas relié en soi au populisme mais enquête sur l’évolution de la demande politique au cours du temps, dans un monde qui tend à être polarisé. Ce chapitre est co-écrit avec Jacob Brown, Enrico Cantoni, Ryan Enos et Vincent Pons. A notre connaissance, il est le premier à utiliser des données de panel au niveau individuel pour tester la montée de la ségrégation partisane aux Etats-Unis au cours de la dernière décennie. A partir de plusieurs sources de données, nous mettons en évidence une augmentation de la ségrégation partisane entre 2008 et 2020 aussi bien au niveau des districts congressionnels, qu’à celui des comtés ou encore à celui d’unités géographiques inférieures. Nous montrons notamment que la ségrégation partisane n’apparaît pas davantage dans les zones rurales que dans les zones urbaines mais que la vision de deux Amériques divisées ne peut être que renforcée par cette dernière – avec une augmentation en faveur des Démocrates dans les zones urbaines et en faveur des Républicains dans les zones rurales. Ce dernier chapitre propose également pour la première fois une décomposition de la montée de la ségrégation partisane en différents facteurs. Dans les zones à tendance républicaine, la ségrégation partisane s’accompagne de changements de préférences au sein de l’électorat – avec une part croissante de Démocrates devenant Républicains. Dans les zones à tendance Démocrate, ce sont au contraire des changements de composition de l’électorat et particulièrement, une dynamique intergénérationnelle qui contribuent à la montée de la ségrégation partisaneThis Ph.D. dissertation lies at the intersection of public and political economy. Based on empirical studies in France and the U.S., this dissertation explores some challenges faced by Western democracies in the wake of the twenty-first century: high-level of public indebtedness, populism, and partisan segregation. The first two chapters study the political and economic consequences of exposure to extreme financial innovation in the public sector. Chapter 1 provides first evidence on the effects of local public debt shocks on economic activity for highly indebted local governments. Exploiting two exogenous shocks on public debt that affect French municipalities indebted with CHF-toxic loans, I can disentangle the impact of an information shock on public debt from the effect of an actual debt increase. I find that negative press coverage on local public debt is sufficient to impact – at least temporarily – the intensive margin. Compared to information shocks, the actual increase in local public debt burden can trigger persistent consequences on local economic activity, by increasing plant closures in highly-indebted municipalities. Local public debt appears as an important driver of economic activity. Chapter 2 is joint with Gianmarco Daniele and Paul Vertier. It considers the disclosure of public financial scandals as a new mechanism for the rise of populism. Combining administrative data with collected datasets, it exploits the Toxic Loan scandal, which was revealed in 2011 as a case of public-finance mismanagement. Using an instrumental variable as the main identification strategy, we find in the subsequent municipal election that i) both right-wing and left-wing populist parties are entering in municipalities involved in the scandal and experienced, as a result, a rise in their vote shares, ii) public financial scandals are sufficient to fuel the entry of populist parties - independently from any adverse economic shocks, iii) entries of populist parties are reinforced by cultural and economic factors, meaning that this new mechanism can be viewed as complementary to usual explanations for the rise of populism. The third chapter is not related to populism per se but investigates how political demand evolves over time. In the U.S., partisan segregation has been linked with the rise of political polarization. Chapter 3 is joint with Jacob Brown, Enrico Cantoni, Ryan Enos, and Vincent Pons. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use individual-panel data to test whether or not partisan segregation has been increasing over the last decade. Exploring two datasets, we find robust evidence that partisan segregation has been overall increasing between 2008 and 2020 – at the congressional district level, at the county level, and even within smaller geographic units. Importantly, we show that partisan segregation is not more likely in rural areas than in urban areas but reinforces the picture of two divided Americas: with a rise of partisan segregation in favor of Republicans in rural areas and in favor of Democrats in urban areas. Finally, this last chapter contributes to the literature by decomposing the rise of partisan segregation into multiple factors. We show that the rise of partisan segregation is mainly driven by a change in the composition of the electorate and in particular, by generational change in Democratic-leaning places. In contrast, in Republican-leaning places, partisan segregation is fueled by change in preferences and particularly by change in partisan affiliation among Democrats and Republicans
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Stock, Eduardo Velasco. "Ordenamento e destilação em um modelo estocástico de partículas interagentes sob contrafluxo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150252.
Abstract:
Neste trabalho estudamos uma dinâmica estocástica de partículas de duas espécies baseada em células. Basicamente, incorporamos algumas inovações em um modelo unidimensional proposto e resolvido por R. da Silva et al. (Physica A, 2015), que considera que em um célula, na ausência de partículas da espécie contrária, a partícula vai pra frente com uma probabilidade p, que representaria um campo na direção longitudinal de um corredor e fica na própria célula com q=1-p. Contudo, essa probabilidade p é reduzida de acordo com a concentração de partículas contrárias. Nosso trabalho não apenas estendeu o problema pra duas dimensões como também incluiu aspectos relativos a colisão e o espalhamento para células vizinhas. Nossos resultados são divididos em duas situações: a) Espécie contrária permanece imóvel funcionando como obstáculos b) Espécie contrária em movimento. Na primeira situação podemos ver uma interessante transição na distribuição dos tempos de travessia em função das concentrações dos obstáculos, por monitorar a curtose da distribuição. Quando a espécie contrária se movimenta, vemos que o tempo de destilação entre as partículas (tempo para que as espécies estejam geograficamente separadas no corredor) depende do parâmetro ligado ao espalhamento transversal das partículas, parâmetro este, que não influencia no caso das partículas paradas. Finalmente nós colocamos as partículas em um sistema com condições periódicas de contorno. Neste caso, podemos observar o aparecimento de padrões de bandas longitudinais ao campo, exatamente como ocorrem em problemas de coloides carregados sob a ação de campos longitudinais e em modelos de pedestres em corredores. Mostramos como o sistema relaxa para tal tipo de estado estacionário utilizando um adequado parâmetro de ordem ligado a segregação das partículas. Nosso modelo, diferentemente dos modelos para pedestres, não se baseia em equações tipo Langevin. Nossa abordagem é totalmente estocástica e por esse ponto de vista ainda mais fundamental e geral, podendo ser estendida para mais modelos de partículas em fluxos contrários. Nossa solução vem tanto através de simulações Monte Carlo bem como soluções das equações diferenciais parciais que descrevem o sistema e que são oriundas das recorrências estabelecidas para os caminhantes aleatórios. As simulações Monte Carlo e soluções via EDP mostram boa concordância em todos os aspectos analisados, tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativamente.In this work we study a stochastic dynamic of particles of two types based on cells. Basically we incorporate some innovations on a one-dimensional model proposed and solved by R. da Silva et al. (Physica A, 2015) which considers that in the absence of particles of the opposite species in the cell a particle goes toward the next cell with probability p and returns to the previous cell with probability q = 1 p. However this motion probability linearly decreases with the relative density of the contrary species. Our work not only expands the problem for two dimensions but also includes collision aspects by adding scattering to the neighbouring cells. Our results are divided into two di erent categories: a) One of the species remain xed in their places which means that such particles will work as obstacles; b) Both species can move in the environment. In the rst situation we can observe, by monitoring the kurtosis, that an interesting transition of the crossing time distribution arises as the concentration of the obstacles increases. When both species can move we can observe that the distillation time (spent time for the complete geographical separation of the species in the corridor) depends on the parameter related to the perpendicular scattering of the particles. This same parameter has shown no in uence over the time distributions in the rst situation. Finally we implement periodic boundary conditions in the eld's direction. In this case we are able to observe the arising of band patterns parallel to the eld's direction exactly as it does with oppositely charged colloids under the in uence of a uniform electric eld or pedestrian dynamics in corridors. We also show how the system relax to such stationary state by using a suitable order parameter related to the particles segregation. Di erently from other pedestrian dynamics models, our model is not based on a Langevin-type equation. Our approach is totally stochastic and from this point of view, more fundamental and general to be extended to more types of models considering particles under counter ow. Our solution is obtained by both Monte Carlo simulations and numerical integration of partial di erential equations (PDE) from recurrence relation of the directed random walkers. The Monte Carlo simulations and the solutions of the PDE show a good agreement in all aspects analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Dočekalová, Lenka. "Rodinný dům v Československu po roce 1945." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408060.
Abstract:
The main part of the doctoral thesis analyses the form of terraced housing in Czechoslovakia in the years 1945-1990. It searches for the original roots, the principles of formation and the characteristic types. The purpose was to find an answer to the question of where its values lie, because the state-controlled standardization negatively influenced the appearance of an average terraced house. The quest of seeking positive approaches the pre-war development of terraced housing and examines parallels between the groups of the 70s and the present. The subject is embedded in the wider framework of the state housing policy and its impact on the character of the new development. The thesis focuses on the period of the 70s, when family development culminat-ed. The main part analyzes three selected groups of terraced houses from the seventies. It is based on the study of available project documentations, which was made accessible by the archives of building authorities. Selected groups are considered in terms of public space and new types of terraced houses. The thesis highlights the diversity of typologi-cal forms of terraced houses of this period. The last part is devoted to the characteristics of terraced housing after 1990. The thesis summarizes the causes of the negative phenomena in suburban locations and shows the transformation of typical terraced houses. It analyses new approaches in urban development of family houses on selected groups. In the context of new concepts, it researches the solutions of public space and types of terraced houses. Finally, the thesis summarizes the transformation of the urban development of the terraced housing from 1945 to the present and proposes the other areas and problems suitable for exploration. The annexed documentary studies of three selected groups from the seventies, which were only partially published. Parts of the appendix are bar charts that evaluate the extent of the family development in individual time periods from 1945 to the present.
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Yee, Donna. "The Expanding Diversity of Plant U-box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Arabidopsis: Identifying AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 Function during Abiotic Stress Responses." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26265.
Abstract:
The ability of plants to sense and respond to environmental and endogenous signals is essential to their growth and development. As part of these diverse cellular functions, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis has emerged to be an important process involved in how plant signalling pathways can be regulated in response to such cues. Of the three enzymes involved in linking ubiquitin to protein targets, E3 ubiquitin ligases are of interest as they confer substrate specificity during this ubiquitination process. The overall focal point of this research is on plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases, a family that has undergone a large gene expansion possibly attributable to the regulation of biological processes unique to the plant life cycle. In Arabidopsis there are 64 predicted PUBs, many for which biological roles have yet to be determined. And as research continues to uncover PUB functions, the functional diversity in the gene family will likely expand.
Specifically the focus of this research is on characterizing two ARM repeat-containing PUBs – AtPUB18 and AtPUB19. General analysis of pub18 and pub19 T-DNA insertion lines for growth defects did not yield distinct altered phenotypes. Closer inspection of selected lines showed independent gene assortment phenotypes that, with further inordinately convoluted pursuit, proved to have an AtPUB18/19-unrelated outcome. The availability of Arabidopsis microarray databases provided exploratory expression profiling as a starting point to elucidate PUB function. AtPUB19 and closely related AtPUB18 are notable for their increased expression during abiotic stresses. While condition-directed germination assays showed a decreased sensitivity to salt and ABA for pub18 pub19 double insertion lines, no related change in susceptibility to these or other abiotic stress treatments were seen with condition-directed root growth assays. Thus, this preliminary work has begun to reveal insight into the complex abiotic stress-related roles AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 have during mediation of environmental stress acclimation in Arabidopsis.
Books on the topic "Partisan Segregation":
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McRae, Elizabeth Gillespie. Campaigning for a Jim Crow South. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271718.003.0004.
Abstract:
In the interwar period, Florence Sillers Ogden, Mary Dawson Cain, and Cornelia Dabney Tucker, segregationists in the Deep South, capitalized on their enfranchisement to mobilize voters to shape the system of Jim Crow at the polls. They encouraged women to uphold segregation through political parties, but their politics were as varied as the Jim Crow order they sought to serve. Ogden supported President Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal for helping out Mississippians and for following the dictates of racial segregation. Cain opposed the Roosevelt’s expansion of social services and worked against the national party as a Jeffersonian Democrat. After Roosevelt’s proposal to re-organize the Supreme Court, Tucker organized a national anti–court-packing campaign, became a Republican, and lobbied for a secret ballot in South Carolina. These women criticized state-level officials for sacrificing conservative political principles for political gain and nourished the seeds of partisan dissent in the Solid South.
Book chapters on the topic "Partisan Segregation":
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Schmeling, Harro. "Partial Melting and Melt Segregation in a Convecting Mantle." In Physics and Chemistry of Partially Molten Rocks, 141–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4016-4_5.
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Giuliani, Luca, Sara Sansalone, Stefania Repetto, Federico Traverso, and Luca Brayda. "Compensating Cocktail Party Noise with Binaural Spatial Segregation on a Novel Device Targeting Partial Hearing Loss." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 384–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41267-2_54.
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Povar, Digambar, and G. Geethakumari. "Digital Forensic Architecture for Cloud Computing Systems: Methods of Evidence Identification, Segregation, Collection and Partial Analysis." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 213–25. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2755-7_22.
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Stenroos, Marko, and Jenni Helakorpi. "The Multiple Stories in Finnish Roma Schooling." In Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People, 99–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52588-0_7.
Abstract:
AbstractRegardless of the good reputation of the Finnish basic education system, Finnish Roma children fall behind the overall average in their performance of academic skills: Roma children face more challenges completing basic education and have more repeated school years. Furthermore, compared to the average, Roma youth apply less for upper secondary education and thus their general level of education remains low. However, looking at Roma education solely through problematic representations only provides a partial picture. In this article, based on two separate sets of fieldwork among Finnish Kaale Roma, we examine how teachers, Roma activists and mediators perceive the educational trajectories of Finnish Roma children and youth. The article seeks to scrutinize Finnish Roma schooling within the framework of the Finnish National Policy on Roma (NRIS). The analysis highlights the multiplicity of voices in the field, discusses the possibilities, and thus problematizes the single-aspect discourse on Roma education. Many countries in Central and Eastern Europe struggle with school and residential segregation, but Finnish Roma face different challenges.
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Barnes, Sarah-Jane, R. Boyd, A. Korneliussen, L.-P. Nilsson, M. Often, R. B. Pedersen, and B. Robins. "The Use of Mantle Normalization and Metal Ratios in Discriminating between the Effects of Partial Melting, Crystal Fractionation and Sulphide Segregation on Platinum-Group Elements, Gold, Nickel and Copper: Examples from Norway." In Geo-Platinum 87, 113–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1353-0_12.
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Parker, Alison M. "Discrimination and Partisan Politics in New Deal Agencies." In Unceasing Militant, 201–17. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659381.003.0011.
Abstract:
After her husband’s death, Mollie Church Terrell lived almost thirty years as a self-supporting woman until she died at ninety in 1954. Segregation and discrimination continued unabated after Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in March 1933. With segregation and employment discrimination continuing unabated in the New Deal bureaucracies, Terrell personally encountered racism both when searching for employment and after securing it. As an older black woman working as a clerk in the Emergency Relief Division who also retained her strong Republican partisanship, Terrell found herself the victim of racism, as well as ageism and partisan politics. The need to earn a steady income did not deter Terrell from openly opposing discrimination and defying racism in interpersonal encounters in the federal workplace, often at the risk of losing a job. Terrell continued her militant civil rights activism. She held leadership positions in the D.C. chapter of the NAACP, picketed stores for not hiring black workers with the New Negro Alliance, and collaborated with the Communist Party’s International Labor Defense to help free the Scottsboro Nine.
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Parker, Alison M. "Civil Rights and Partisan Politics, 1890–1932." In Unceasing Militant, 142–59. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659381.003.0008.
Abstract:
For many decades after the Civil War, the Republican Party claimed the majority of black votes. Its legacy as the party of Abraham Lincoln and its leadership in securing the Reconstruction Amendments outweighed its failure to enforce them, as well as its unwillingness to pass federal anti-lynching legislation. Robert Terrell was appointed a justice of the peace by the Republican President Theodore Roosevelt in 1901 and Mollie Terrell, a member of the National League of Republican Colored Women (NLRCW) secured campaign jobs from the RNC beginning in 1920, once women secured the right to vote with the 19th Amendment. Nor could Terrell forgive the Democrats’ role as the party of secession and its continued embrace of segregation and white supremacy. Terrell was a pro-peace member of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and an anti-colonialist, advocating the self-determination of nations. Focusing on the status of what she termed the “darker races of the world,” Terrell approached race and equality from a transnational perspective.
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McPherson, Lionel K. "Parting Political Thoughts." In The Afterlife of Race, 176–78. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197626849.003.0031.
Abstract:
Abstract The challenge for any progressive American politics is how to support transformative progress toward Black social equality in the wake of majoritarian non-Black resistance. This will require rejecting incrementalist approaches tacitly premised on leaving Black America in a better bottom caste place. Part III has argued that there can be no way around directly addressing Black America’s intergenerational social disadvantage and disrepair rooted in inherited slavery and enforced segregation. American “racial” caste hierarchy will not dissipate through passage of time, kinder attitudes, “rising tide” neoliberalism, “diversity” evasions, “intersectional” identity politics, or “people of color” sloganeering. Non-exclusionary Black political solidarity means a post-partisan, de-raced commitment to Black politics that calls all Americans who care about the profound historical circumstances and corrective justice claims of Black Americans as descendants of American slavery.
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Wuthnow, Robert. "Meanest, Dirtiest, Low-Down Stuff." In Rough Country. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159898.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses Texas as a microcosm of the various developments affecting the nation in the 1960s. Texas was part of the Democratic South, the state that Kennedy had to win in order to become president in 1960, and the state from which Johnson succeeded to the presidency in 1963, and yet it would be a strong ally of Ronald Reagan and the home of two subsequent Republican presidents. It was a bastion of Southern Baptist influences and yet was rife with religious disagreements. It was the location of tense relationships between Protestants and Catholics and between Anglos and Hispanics as well as conflicts over racial segregation and civil rights. In the early 1960s, Texas voters faced an array of issues as diverse as anywhere in the nation. Potential for division existed along partisan, racial, ethnic, educational, religious, and geographic lines.
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Schafran, Alex. "The Suburbanization of Segregation." In Road to Resegregation, 22–53. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520286443.003.0002.
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This chapter lays out the case for understanding the transformation of the Bay Area as segregation, and for transforming our understanding of segregation. It begins with a brief introduction to the history of diversity in the Bay Area, one of the first regions to be born as multiracial in what was at that time a very two-tone America. It then turns to the question of segregation, starting with how what became known as the “suburban wall” helped form ideas of segregation. It examines how segregation has changed, moving beyond debates about whether American is still segregated, and instead focusing on what segregation means in the twenty-first century. It argues that the partial erosion of the “suburban wall” does not mean segregation is dead, but simply that it has changed form and geography.
Conference papers on the topic "Partisan Segregation":
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Matoušek, Václav, Jan Krupička, Tomáš Picek, and Lukáš Svoboda. "Segregation in Bimodal Contact/Combined Load: Tilting-Flume Study." In The 20th International Conference on Transport and Sedimentation of Solid Particles. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu (WUELS Publishing House)), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30825/4.14-09.2023.
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In this contribution, the effects of solids segregation on intense transport of solids and bed friction in a laboratory flume are evaluated by comparing bimodal solids flows with the corresponding flows of unimodal solids. The comparison is carried out for two types of solids transport: contact-load transport and combined-load transport. Experiments with intense transport of bimodal solids mixtures composed of two solids fractions that differ primarily in particle size showed a process of vertical sorting, resulting in partial segregation of the fractions in a flume. The segregation affected a layered structure of flow above the plane surface of an eroded bed. Lightweight solids fractions of different colors were used in the experiments to enable clear visual observation of the segregation. Measurements of integral quantities of steady, uniform solid-liquid flow were used to quantify solids transport parameters and bed friction parameters. The observed segregation patterns differ for the two types of solids transport and so differ their effects on solids discharge and bed friction coefficient in flows of the two bimodal mixtures.
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Zhang, Sijun, and Baisong Chen. "A Numerical Study of Size Segregation of Binary Mixtures in a Gas-Fluidised Bed." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37561.
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This paper presents a numerical study of segregation of binary mixtures of particles in a gas fluidized bed (floatsam = 1 mm, jetsam = 2 mm in diameter). The well-mixed packing has been used as the initial condition in this simulation. Simulations are conducted under 3D conditions for particles with the application of the periodical boundary to the front and rear walls. The gas is injected uniformly at the bottom. Simulation are conducted with two different gas injection superficial velocities, one with 0.8 m/s, the other 1.2 m/s. Bed pressure drop has been recorded as a function of velocity and time. The results show that the degree of segregation is affected by gas velocity significantly, a clearly partial segregation occurs at gas injection velocity 0.8 m/s, while well mixed at 1.2 m/s. Mixing kinetics has been examined by use of the modified Lacey mixing index and explained in terms of microdynamic information.
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Brito Escobar, María Lorena. "DISCRIMINACIÓN Y SEGREGACIÓN HACIA GRUPOS DE ATENCIÓN PRIORITARIA Y ASENTAMIENTOS INFORMALES: Barreras físicas, simbolismos e intersecciones en las ciudades de Quito, Guayaquil y Lago Agrio." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.11998.
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This paper analyzes the characteristics and causal relationships of the physical and symbolic barriers that cause the lack of access to services in the cities of Ecuador, through a qualitative methodological approach. Its starting points are the concepts of discrimination and segregation towards the "priority attention groups", which include: children and older adults; women and the LGBTIQ+ population; people with disabilities; people in a situation of mobility (migrants); and people who define themselves as indigenous or native peoples. With this diversity of actors, a CAP methodology (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) has been applied, obtaining as a result that the people who perceive the most discrimination and segregation within Ecuadorian cities are middle-aged and elderly indigenous women and migrants, mainly Venezuelans. Keywords: Discrimination, priority care groups, segregation, fragmentation. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las características y relaciones causales de las barreras físicas y simbólicas que provocan la falta de acceso a servicios en las ciudades del Ecuador, a través de una postura metodológica cualitativa. Su punto de partida constituye los conceptos de discriminación y segregación hacia lo que la Constitución ecuatoriana denomina como “grupos de atención prioritaria” (GAP), que comprenden: las niñas, niños y adultos mayores; las mujeres y población LGBTIQ+; las personas con discapacidad; las personas en situación de movilidad (migrantes); las personas que se autodefinen como indígenas o pueblos originarios; y hacia personas que pertenece a asentamientos informales. Con esta diversidad de actores se ha aplicado una metodología CAP (conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas), obteniendo como resultado que existe una marcada transversalidad e intersección de los procesos discriminatorios y de segregación en las ciudades ecuatorianas y, quienes se llevan la peor parte, son las mujeres indígenas y los inmigrantes, especialmente provenientes de Venezuela. Palabras clave: Discriminación, grupos de atención prioritaria, segregación, fragmentación.
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Destefani de Sousa, Cora, Eduarda Vieira Florindo, Isadora Imthon, Nadine Martignago Saleh, and Maria Inês Sugai. "DESIGUALDADES E SEGREGAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL EM CIDADES MÉDIAS. O caso de Blumenau, SC." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12216.
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Seeking to contribute to the understanding of inequalities present in medium-sized Brazilian cities, this article reports partial results of a research that aimed to analyze the process of consolidation of socio-spatial segregation in Blumenau, an industrial municipality in Santa Catarina. We sought to identify the socio-spatial dynamics by income extremes, as well as the environmental, economic, political, social and significant public investments involved in territorial disputes. The investigation focused between the 1980s and 2020s, when changes in economic policies and in the productive structure increased socio-spatial inequalities. The investigations showed changes in socio-spatial dynamics, with a significant increase in informality and displacement of the poorest strata to peripheral and precarious areas, and the concentration of the highest strata in central neighborhoods with better infrastructure. The conclusions indicate that the consolidation of spatial segregation in the conurbated area of Blumenau had a significant influence on the previous location of the industries, the frequent environmental disasters and the unequal distribution of public investments. This study aims to understand the dynamics of spatial inequalities in medium-sized cities, considering their historical and socioeconomic specificities, as well as the challenges and actions necessary to ensure their reduction, territorial inclusion and social justice. Keywords: urban segregation, medium-sized cities, intra-urban dynamics, socio-spatial inequalities Buscando contribuir para a compreensão das desigualdades presentes nas cidades médias brasileiras, este artigo relata resultados parciais de pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar o processo de consolidação da segregação socioespacial em Blumenau, município industrial catarinense. Buscou-se identificar a dinâmica socioespacial por extremos de rendimento, assim como os fatores ambientais, econômicos, políticos, sociais e investimentos públicos significativos envolvidos nas disputas territoriais. A investigação centrou-se entre os anos 1980 a 2020, quando mudanças nas políticas econômicas e na estrutura produtiva ampliaram as desigualdades socioespaciais. As investigações apontaram alterações na dinâmica socioespacial, com expressivo aumento da informalidade e deslocamento das camadas mais pobres para áreas periféricas e precárias, e a concentração das camadas de mais alta nos bairros centrais e com melhor infraestrutura. As conclusões indicam que a consolidação da segregação espacial na área conurbada de Blumenau teve significativa influência da localização pregressa das indústrias, dos frequentes desastres ambientais e da desigual distribuição dos investimentos públicos. Este estudo visa compreender a dinâmica das desigualdades espaciais nas cidades médias, considerando suas especificidades históricas e socioeconômicas, assim como os desafios e as ações necessárias para garantir a sua redução, a inclusão territorial e a justiça social. Palavras-chave: segregação urbana, cidades médias, dinâmica intraurbana, desigualdades socioespaciais.
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Fan, N., C. Huang, P. Yu, W. Chen, R. Lupoi, L. Liu, and S. Yin. "Interparticle Bonding and Interfacial Nanocrystallization Mechanisms in Cold Sprayed Metallic Glass." In ITSC2022. DVS Media GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2022p0511.
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Abstract In this work, amorphous Zr-based bulk metallic glass deposit was manufactured by cold spray. The bonding mechanism of metallic glass particles was systematically investigated through studying the deformation behavior of individual particles after deposition or rebound. We revealed two collective particle bonding mechanisms that contributed to the formation of metallic glass deposit, i.e., high-velocity impact induced localized metallurgical bonding at the fringe of interface, and high gas-temperature induced partial melting of particles and resultant annular metallurgical bonding band. Moreover, the dynamic evolution mechanism of amorphous phase into nanocrystal structures at severely deformed interfacial regions during cold spray was carefully investigated. For the first time, we observed different amorphous/nanocrystal structures in cold sprayed metallic glass particles, which can represent different evolution stages in nanocrystallization process. Based on the observation, it is inferred that the nanocrystallization process can be divided into following three stages: composition segregation, the formation of ordered 1D and 2D transition structures, and 3D nanocrystals. The current study provides new insights into bonding mechanisms and the mechanistic nanocrystallization origins in cold sprayed metallic glass.
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Yong, Kah Joon, Max Meindl, Wolfgang Polifke, and Camilo F. Silva. "Thermoacoustic Spectrum of a Swirled Premixed Combustor With Partially Reflecting Boundaries." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91784.
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Abstract This study investigates the effect of partial acoustic reflection at inlet or outlet of a combustor on thermoacoustic stability. Parametric maps of the thermoacoustic spectrum are utilized for this purpose, which represent frequencies and growth rates of eigenmodes for a wide range of model parameters. It is found that a decrease of the acoustic reflection at the boundaries does not always imply an increase in the stability margin of the thermoacoustic system. As a matter of fact, a reduction in the acoustic reflection may sometimes destabilize a thermoacoustic mode. Additionally, we show that perturbed passive thermoacoustic modes may become ITA modes in the fully anechoic case. We briefly discuss the mode definitions ‘acoustic’ and ‘intrinsic’ commonly found in the literature. The computational analysis is based on a state-space formulation of the Linearized Navier-Stokes Equations (LNSE) with discontinuous Galerkin discretization. This approach allows to describe the thermoacoustic system as a linear combination of internal acoustics, flame dynamics and acoustic boundaries. Such a segregation grants a clear analysis of the respective effects of the individual subsystems on the general stability of the system, expressed in terms of adjoint-based eigenvalue sensitivity. The state-space formulation of the LNSE proposed in this paper offers a powerful and flexible framework to carry out thermoacoustic studies of combustors with arbitrary geometry and acoustic boundary conditions.
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Ghanem, Akram, Thierry Lemenand, Dominique Della Valle, and Hassan Peerhossaini. "Assessment of Mixing by Chemical Probe in Swirl Flow HEX Reactors." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72035.
Abstract:
Mixing is a fundamental issue in process engineering and many industrial fields. It is closely related to a large number of different applications, such as chemical reactions, thermal transfer, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, and the like. In fact, mixing whether at the reactor scale, sustained by the flow structures, or at molecular scales, influences the selectivity and hence the productivity of reactions. Understanding and quantification of the micromixing mechanism is critical in industrial chemical processes, especially for fast exothermal reactions. Micromixing can be characterized by chemical probe methods based on observation of a local chemical reaction that results from a competition between turbulent mixing at microscales and the reaction kinetics. A system of parallel competing reactions producing iodine was developed by Fournier et al. [1] to study partial segregation in stirred tanks. The coupling of the borate neutralization and the Dushman reaction in this system allows the measurement of micromixing efficiency in reactors by monitoring the amount of iodine produced. Called the iodide-iodate method, this technique has been extensively used in different types of reactors. A novel adaptive procedure recently developed by the authors to improve the reliability of the iodide-iodate method is used here. The heat exchanger-reactor presented here is an innovative geometry based on the addition in parallel of tubes equipped with helical inserts. It is expected to qualify as a low-cost compact heat-exchanger reactor and static mixer of high performance.
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Radhakrishnan, Akhila, S. Amal, Sona Riyas, R. Sreehari, and M. S. Riyana. "Experimental Study on Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Blended with Palm Oil Fuel Ash." In 2nd International Conference on Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and Management. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.160.16.
Abstract:
Low flow-resistance concrete known as self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be poured and compacted by its own weight without the aid of external vibration, bleeding, or segregation. It is less tolerant to abrupt changes in aggregate moisture content, chemical admixtures, and water content. POFA (Palm oil fuel ash), as an OPC replacement, provides an opportunity to reduce carbon footprints, enhance cost-saving, and mitigate and reduce waste materials in landfills. POFA in cementations materials, as an additive or partial substitute, to cut down on cement consumption globally. POFA can be utilized for the production of lightweight, durable, and cheap concrete because of its availability in significant quantities. SCC is a highly flowable and self-leveling concrete that can be easily placed and compacted without the need for vibration, due to the addition of POFA can improve the workability and flowability of SCC and make it easier to handle and place. Combining POFA and SCC has the potential to strengthen the connection between concrete paste and aggregates by adding strength as a result of pozzolanic reactions, which will increase the concrete's resilience. Since POFA is a waste material, it is often available at a lower cost than other materials used in concrete production, using POFA in SCC can help reduce the cost of construction projects while still maintaining the quality of the final product. As a result, this study explores the influence of POFA as an addictive substance in a range from 0% to 40%. Testing of fresh properties is done using the Slump, L-Box, and V-funnel methods. To determine the strength, compression tests were also performed.
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Tanguy, Benoit, Ce´dric Pokor, Anthony Stern, and Philippe Bossis. "Initiation Stress Threshold Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking Criterion Assessment for Core Internals in PWR Environment." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-58051.
Abstract:
Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) is a problem of growing importance in pressurized water reactors (PWR). An understanding of the mechanism(s) of IASCC is required in order to provide guidance for the development of mitigation strategies. One of the principal reasons why the IASCC mechanism(s) has been so difficult to understand is the inseparability of the different IASCC potential contributors evolutions due to neutron irradiation. The potential contributors to IASCC in PWR primary water are: (i) radiation induced segregation (RIS) at grain boundaries, (ii) radiation induced microstructure (formation and growth of dislocations loops, voids, bubbles, phases), (iii) localized deformation under loading, (iv) irradiation creep and transmutations. While the development of some of the contributors (RIS, microstructure) with increasing doses are at least qualitatively well understood, the role of these changes on IASCC remains unclear. Parallel to fundamental understanding developments relative to IASCC, well controlled laboratory tests on neutron irradiated stainless steels are needed to assess the main mechanisms and also to establish an engineering criterion relative to the initiation of fracture due to IASCC. First part of this study describes the methodology carried out at CEA in order to provide more experimental data from constant load tests dedicated to the study of initiation of SCC on neutron irradiated stainless steel. A description of the autoclave recirculation loop dedicated to SCC tests on neutron irradiated materials is then given. This autoclave recirculation loop has been started on July 2010 with the first SCC test on an irradiated stainless steel (grade 316) performed at CEA. The main steps of the interrupted SCC tests are then described. Second part of this paper reports the partial results of the first test performed on a highly neutron irradiated material.
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Mocanu, A., and B. Bocaneala. "A Study of Acid Etched Fracture Degradation During the Well Lifetime in a North Sea Chalk Reservoir." In SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215611-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract The study of etched fracture degradation has been a subject of interest within reservoir production engineers and it is generally expected that the etched fractures created after pumping acid in carbonates at pressures exceeding fracturing pressure are subject to degradation in time. Based on past observations, the fracture production performance is expected to decrease in time, as the etched fracture is exposed to in-situ stress that tends to crush the pinch points supporting the fracture, resulting in fracture closure or partial closure therefore having direct impact on well production. The phenomenon of fracture degradation was previously studied in the context of acid fracture and proppant fracture effectiveness comparison. This paper attempts to further develop the subject by describing a workflow to analyze the reservoir lifetime production data of a North Sea chalk reservoir to identify production decline and quantify possible fracture half-length decrease. The ongoing study, comprising several phases, also aims to define an acid frac degradation model and then analyze possible ways to address the phenomenon through fracture design optimization. After the collection and segregation of field production data and wells intervention reports, the data was evaluated. Wells PIs were calculated and modelled using machine learning algorithms. PI decrease was further analyzed from perspective of potential fracture parameters change and the impact of the fracture parameters change was simulated in the production simulator. Numerical simulations results were compared to actual production data. Application of machine learning algorithms resulted in an analytical model for PI decrease that show a reasonable match with actual observed filed data. Model can be used as a reference to refine post stimulation production forecast of the wells in the field which helps with field development planning. Resulted PI degradation model is subject of further improvement through refinement of the input data accuracy and addition of new data.
Reports on the topic "Partisan Segregation":
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Fahima, Tzion, and Jorge Dubcovsky. Map-based cloning of the novel stripe rust resistance gene YrG303 and its use to engineer 1B chromosome with multiple beneficial traits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598147.bard.
Abstract:
Research problem: Bread wheat (Triticumaestivum) provides approximately 20% of the calories and proteins consumed by humankind. As the world population continues to increase, it is necessary to improve wheat yields, increase grain quality, and minimize the losses produced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust, caused by Pucciniastriiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. The new pathogen races are more virulent and aggressive than previous ones and have produced large economic losses. A rich source for stripe-rust resistance genes (Yr) was found in wild emmer wheat populations from Israel. Original Project goals: Our long term goal is to identify, map, clone, characterize and deploy in breeding, novel wild emmer Yr genes, and combine them with multiple beneficial traits. The current study was aiming to map and clone YrG303 and Yr15, located on chromosome 1BS and combine them with drought resistance and grain quality genes. Positional cloning of YrG303/Yr15: Fine mapping of these genes revealed that YrG303 is actually allelic to Yr15. Fine genetic mapping using large segregating populations resulted in reduction of the genetic interval spanning Yr15 to less than 0.1 cM. Physical mapping of the YrG303/Yr15 locus was based on the complete chromosome 1BS physical map of wheat constructed by our group. Screening of 1BS BAC library with Yr15 markers revealed a long BAC scaffold covering the target region. The screening of T. dicoccoidesaccession-specific BAC library with Yr15 markers resulted in direct landing on the target site. Sequencing of T. dicoccoidesBAC clones that cover the YrG303/Yr15 locus revealed a single candidate gene (CG) with conserved domains that may indicate a role in disease resistance response. Validation of the CG was carried out using EMS mutagenesis (loss-of- function approach). Sequencing of the CG in susceptible yr15/yrG303 plants revealed three independent mutants that harbour non-functional yr15/yrG303 alleles within the CG conserved domains, and therefore validated its function as a Pstresistance gene. Evaluation of marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for Yr15. Introgressions of Yr15 into cultivated wheat are widely used now. Recently, we have shown that DNA markers linked to Yr15 can be used as efficient tools for introgression of Yr15 into cultivated wheat via MAS. The developed markers were consistent and polymorphic in all 34 tested introgressions and are the most recommended markers for the introgression of Yr15. These markers will facilitate simultaneous selection for multiple Yr genes and help to avoid escapees during the selection process. Engineering of improved chromosome 1BS that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We have implemented the knowledge and genetic resources accumulated in this project for the engineering of 1B "super-chromosome" that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We completed the generation of a chromosome including the rye 1RS distal segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the Yr gene, Yr15, and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7Bxᴼᴱ). We have completed the introgression of this improved chromosome into our recently released variety Patwin-515HP and our rain fed variety Kern, as well as to our top breeding lines UC1767 and UC1745. Elucidating the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Yr36 (WKS1). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene (Yr36) confers partial resistance to Pst. We have shown that wheat plants transformed with WKS1 transcript are resistant to Pst. WKS1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associatedascorbateperoxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify ROS and contributes to cell death. Distribution and diversity of WKS in wild emmer populations. We have shown that WKS1 is present only in the southern distribution range of wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of WKS1 conservation among wild emmer populations, in contrast to the high level of diversity observed in NB-LRR genes. This phenomenon shed some light on the evolution of genes that confer partial resistance to Pst. Three new WKS1 haplotypes displayed a resistance response, suggesting that they can be useful to improve wheat resistance to Pst. In summary, we have improved our understanding of cereals’ resistance mechanisms to rusts and we have used that knowledge to develop improved wheat varieties.
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Anderson, Gerald L., and Kalman Peleg. Precision Cropping by Remotely Sensed Prorotype Plots and Calibration in the Complex Domain. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585193.bard.
Abstract:
This research report describes a methodology whereby multi-spectral and hyperspectral imagery from remote sensing, is used for deriving predicted field maps of selected plant growth attributes which are required for precision cropping. A major task in precision cropping is to establish areas of the field that differ from the rest of the field and share a common characteristic. Yield distribution f maps can be prepared by yield monitors, which are available for some harvester types. Other field attributes of interest in precision cropping, e.g. soil properties, leaf Nitrate, biomass etc. are obtained by manual sampling of the filed in a grid pattern. Maps of various field attributes are then prepared from these samples by the "Inverse Distance" interpolation method or by Kriging. An improved interpolation method was developed which is based on minimizing the overall curvature of the resulting map. Such maps are the ground truth reference, used for training the algorithm that generates the predicted field maps from remote sensing imagery. Both the reference and the predicted maps are stratified into "Prototype Plots", e.g. 15xl5 blocks of 2m pixels whereby the block size is 30x30m. This averaging reduces the datasets to manageable size and significantly improves the typically poor repeatability of remote sensing imaging systems. In the first two years of the project we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), for generating predicted yield maps of sugar beets and com. The NDVI was computed from image cubes of three spectral bands, generated by an optically filtered three camera video imaging system. A two dimensional FFT based regression model Y=f(X), was used wherein Y was the reference map and X=NDVI was the predictor. The FFT regression method applies the "Wavelet Based", "Pixel Block" and "Image Rotation" transforms to the reference and remote images, prior to the Fast - Fourier Transform (FFT) Regression method with the "Phase Lock" option. A complex domain based map Yfft is derived by least squares minimization between the amplitude matrices of X and Y, via the 2D FFT. For one time predictions, the phase matrix of Y is combined with the amplitude matrix ofYfft, whereby an improved predicted map Yplock is formed. Usually, the residuals of Y plock versus Y are about half of the values of Yfft versus Y. For long term predictions, the phase matrix of a "field mask" is combined with the amplitude matrices of the reference image Y and the predicted image Yfft. The field mask is a binary image of a pre-selected region of interest in X and Y. The resultant maps Ypref and Ypred aremodified versions of Y and Yfft respectively. The residuals of Ypred versus Ypref are even lower than the residuals of Yplock versus Y. The maps, Ypref and Ypred represent a close consensus of two independent imaging methods which "view" the same target. In the last two years of the project our remote sensing capability was expanded by addition of a CASI II airborne hyperspectral imaging system and an ASD hyperspectral radiometer. Unfortunately, the cross-noice and poor repeatability problem we had in multi-spectral imaging was exasperated in hyperspectral imaging. We have been able to overcome this problem by over-flying each field twice in rapid succession and developing the Repeatability Index (RI). The RI quantifies the repeatability of each spectral band in the hyperspectral image cube. Thereby, it is possible to select the bands of higher repeatability for inclusion in the prediction model while bands of low repeatability are excluded. Further segregation of high and low repeatability bands takes place in the prediction model algorithm, which is based on a combination of a "Genetic Algorithm" and Partial Least Squares", (PLS-GA). In summary, modus operandi was developed, for deriving important plant growth attribute maps (yield, leaf nitrate, biomass and sugar percent in beets), from remote sensing imagery, with sufficient accuracy for precision cropping applications. This achievement is remarkable, given the inherently high cross-noice between the reference and remote imagery as well as the highly non-repeatable nature of remote sensing systems. The above methodologies may be readily adopted by commercial companies, which specialize in proving remotely sensed data to farmers.