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Academic literature on the topic 'Parties leaders selection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Parties leaders selection"

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Marino, Bruno, and Stefano Rombi. "Party Leadership Selection in the United Kingdom." Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale. QOE - IJES 78, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-8538.

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n the past few decades, British parties have undergone deep transformations, also concerning their leader selection rules. It could be interesting to directly tackle this area of intra-party changes, also given the increasing attention devoted to party leaders and to their mode of selection. This article will explore both the precise features of the changes in the rules governing the selection of party leaders (particularly focusing on the selectorate), and also the characteristics of most recent leadership races occurred in the most important parties in the United Kingdom. To begin with, the article will explore the expansions of the selectorate occurred between the mid-1960s and today, particularly analysing the implementation of OMOV (one-member one-vote) systems. Second, attention will be devoted to the precise features of the selection mechanisms, by applying the quadripartite scheme devised by Hazan and Rahat (the selectorate, the candidacy, the decentralization, and the voting system). Third, we will focus on the most recent leadership races that elected Jeremy Corbyn and Theresa May as leader of, respectively, the Labour and the Conservative Party. All in all, the article shows that British parties have surely undergone deep transformations concerning the rules for the selection of their leaders and the precise features of recent leadership races, but also that a full empowerment of party members has not been reached yet.

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Kubát, Michal, and Maciej Hartliński. "Party Leaders in the Czech Populist Parties and Movements." Polish Political Science Review 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2019-0007.

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AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse the role and importance of leaders in the Czech populist parties and movements, as well as determining significant factors which condition their institutionalisation. The main focus will be placed on the role of leaders in establishing their respective parties, their formal position and intraparty selection processes in VV, ANO, SPD and ÚPD. Examples of actions taken by the leaders of ANO and SPD show that building populist parties on the foundation of the strong, formal and official position of the leader in their party as well as becoming open to more members prove effective when it comes to the discussed issues...

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Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher, and Katherine Sawyer. "Conflict negotiations and rebel leader selection." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319829689.

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The international community often calls for negotiations in civil wars. Yet, we have limited understanding of when and why specific rebels enter into negotiations. The emergence of a new leader in a rebel group can provide an opportunity for the state seeking to end war, but this is conditional on how leaders take power. Rebel leaders who come to power through a local selection process (such as an election) provide information to the state about the likely cohesion of the rebel group. This affects state perceptions of the viability of a rebel group as a bargaining partner in civil war negotiations. Using original data on rebel leaders in civil wars, we show that new leaders coming to power through a local selection process are more likely to get to the negotiating table than leaders coming to power in other ways. We find that the election of a rebel group leader has a particularly strong and positive effect on the chance of getting to the table. Rebel leaders that founded their own group or brought together disparate rebels to create a single group are less likely to get to the negotiating table. This article advances our understanding of conflict dynamics by offering a novel argument of rebel leader ascension and its impact on conflict bargaining and has critical implications for parties external to the conflict interested in conflict resolution. External actors seeking to facilitate lasting peace may benefit from observing patterns of rebel leadership.

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Laver, Michael, and Michel Schilperoord. "Spatial models of political competition with endogenous political parties." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1485 (April 11, 2007): 1711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2062.

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Two important human action selection processes are the choice by citizens of parties to support in elections and the choice by party leaders of policy ‘packages’ offered to citizens in order to attract this support. Having reviewed approaches analysing these choices and the reasons for doing this using the methodology of agent-based modelling, we extend a recent agent-based model of party competition to treat the number and identity of political parties as an output of, rather than an input to, the process of party competition. Party birth is modelled as an endogenous change of agent type from citizen to party leader, which requires describing citizen dissatisfaction with the history of the system. Endogenous birth and death of parties transforms into a dynamic system even in an environment where all agents have otherwise non-responsive adaptive rules. A key parameter is the survival threshold, with lower thresholds leaving citizens on average less dissatisfied. Paradoxically, the adaptive rule most successful for party leaders in winning votes makes citizens on average less happy than under other policy-selection rules.

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Musella, Fortunato. "Personal leaders and party change: Italy in comparative perspective." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 45, no. 3 (October 8, 2015): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2015.19.

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IntroduzioneParty leaders have become more powerful and autonomous actors in recent years by developing a direct and personal relationship with citizens. As anticipated in the United States (Lowi, 1985), the rise of the ‘personal leader’ seems to have occurred in many European democracies, both in old parties and in more recently formed parties, with a widespread tendency for them to be promoted and controlled by individual leaders. Nevertheless, party leadership remains quite a neglected theme in political science. Through a data set including ~500 party presidents in 13 democracies, this article focusses on the personalization of party leadership by comparing Italy with other Western countries. More particularly, new procedures for the selection of party chairs, the centralization of power in political parties, and the new role of party leaders in the legislative/governmental arena are analysed, given their importance to such a process. The article summarizes new data on the party leaders’ characteristics, with regards to their political backgrounds, how they are elected, how long they stay in office, and whether they become prime minister or enter the executive. In this way, we are able to see how some new parties are created from the outset as highly personalized and centralized parties (Forza Italia being the paradigmatic case), whereas other older parties have also evolved in a personalized direction.

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Hartliński, Maciej. "The Selection of Party Leaders in Poland: Democratisation of Rules and Predictability of Results." Polish Political Science Review 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppsr-2015-0018.

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Abstract The objective of this analysis is to examine political party leadership with reference to the rules and results of its selection process in post-communist Poland. The exploration of these matters is based on qualitative and quantitative data concerning 16 different political parties and 80 selections they conducted in the years 1990-2013. The comprehensive research methods employed for this study ranged from in-depth analysis of particular election results to analysis of constitutional and structural party variations. This extensive investigation enables the reader to draw conclusions about Polish intra-party politics and to understand the vetting processes that Polish politicians must undergo. The findings indicate that political parties tend to address wider selectorates; and that the rules of selection are transparent, democratic, and empirically predictable.

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Wiranto, Wiranto. "ENHANCE OUTPUT OF NATIONAL POLICIES THROUGH RECRUITMEN, SELECTION, AND COMPETENCE TO CHANGE OF NATIONAL CONDITION." IJER - INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW 1, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijer:01.01.02.

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This study explores the effects of recruitment, selection, competence and national policies to the changing conditions in Indonesia. 530 respondents from 25 provinces or 50 regencies/cities across Indonesia participated in questionnaire pools in the study. Data were processed using path analysis technique. Results reveal that the recruitment process by political parties, the selection process by the Election Commission, and the competence of the leader, have positive correlations to the policies and the outcomes. The study highlights that without any improvements in the recruitment, selection, competency of leaders, and policies, no changes could be made by the leaders. It implies that a redefinition and actualization of recruitment, selection, competence, and policies should be made to ensure the changes to take place. Keywords: change of national condition, actualization of recruitment, competencies, national policies.

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Ştefan, Laurenţiu. "Party Leaders vs. Technocrats." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cpcs.2020.53.2.47.

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This article takes a close look at the selection and survival of prime ministers in Romania. While many factors are deemed important in understanding why prime ministers are “weak” or “strong,” have short or long tenures in office (including the relationship with the president and with the governing parties), this article focuses on the level of party credentials as a critical factor in both the selection and the survival of the prime ministers. Following Grotz and Weber (2017), I argue that a better understanding of how impactful this factor is comes only after a full assessment of the political circumstances in which the selection of the prime minister takes place. “Post-electoral” context may be defined by different goals, tactics, and ambitions than the “replacement” context. I found that party leaders survive longer in prime ministerial office, that they are the first choice in post-electoral contexts, but not necessarily in both contexts taken together, and that technocrats are preferred in replacement contexts, especially when the next legislative elections are getting near.

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Dougherty, Keith L. "TRENDS: Creating Parties in Congress: The Emergence of a Social Network." Political Research Quarterly 73, no. 4 (June 26, 2020): 759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912920933004.

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This article examines the creation of political parties in Congress with a focus on ties between emerging party leaders and members, 1789–1802. Using an egocentric selection model, we examine who John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison tied with as a function of the characteristics of the emerging leader, a member of Congress, and dyadic relationships between the two. We also examine whether ties affected the party chosen by members of Congress. Everything else equal, we find leaders were more likely to form ties with ideologically similar members, but find no evidence of them tieing with more pivotal voters. In response, members were more likely to join the Federalist party if they received a Federalist tie, but they were not more likely to join the Republican party if they received a Republican tie. Understanding such relationships is an important step for understanding the creation of parties in the United States.

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Casey, Katherine, Abou Bakarr Kamara, and Niccoló F. Meriggi. "An Experiment in Candidate Selection." American Economic Review 111, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1575–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20200125.

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Are ordinary citizens or political party leaders better positioned to select candidates? While the American primary system lets citizens choose, most democracies rely instead on party officials to appoint or nominate candidates. The consequences of these distinct design choices are unclear: while officials are often better informed about candidate qualifications, they may value traits, like party loyalty or willingness to pay for the nomination, at odds with identifying the best performer. We partnered with both major political parties in Sierra Leone to experimentally vary how much say voters have in selecting Parliamentary candidates. Estimates suggest that more democratic procedures increase the likelihood that parties select voters’ most preferred candidates and favor candidates with stronger records of public goods provision. (JEL D72, H41, O17)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parties leaders selection"

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Marino, Bruno. "Why do parties open their leader selection rules? Evidence from Western Europe between party change and personalisation of politics (1985-2015)." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86217.

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Shoji, Kaori. "When Do Party Leaders Democratize? Analyzing Three Reforms of Voter Registration and Candidate Selection." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TB1F31.

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Three independent studies drawing on the cases from different spaces and times comprise this research project, but they share a common theme: how do expansive reforms that open up paths to political participation take place? The first paper takes up the case of the motor voter reform, which allows people to register to vote at driver's license offices. The reform was widely legislated by U.S. states before the passage of the National Voter Registration Act in 1993. The paper investigates the factors that helped promote the reform at the state level by breaking down the reforms along two dimensions: the voter registration location and the implementation method. Motor voter legislation could either stand alone or be accompanied by agency-based registration (ABR), which includes registration at social service public agencies that primarily serve the poor. A reform could be implemented in an active or passive way. While ABR and active implementation had the potential to mobilize previously alienated socioeconomic groups, motor voter reform itself and passive implementation were expected to have a partisan-neutral and limited impact, respectively. Using data collected from the archived materials of the leading advocacy organization of the reform, Human SERVE, I test the following three general hypotheses statistically: 1) the Democratic Party is interested in mobilizing the poor, 2) electoral competition enhances mobilization efforts by parties, and 3) liberal political culture promotes inclusive electoral institutions. All three hypotheses find some support in the empirical analysis. The second paper focuses on a candidate selection method reform in contemporary Japan. Throughout the first decade of the twenty first century, the (then) opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) used kôbo, an open-recruitment candidate selection method, which was purported to open up the party nomination to non-traditional outsider aspirants. The DPJ's action presented a puzzle: searching for low-electability amateur candidates instead of traditional quality candidates seemed paradoxical for a party preparing to take over power. The paper reveals that using kôbo was a transitional strategy for a young party building itself under the mixed-member majoritarian system. I argue that recruiting "fresh faces" was not what really motivated the use of kôbo, by showing how kôbo increasingly produced insider candidates over time. The third paper investigates the development of direct primary in nineteenth century Pennsylvania. The historical origins of the U.S. primaries have mostly been discussed in terms of statewide legislations around the Progressive Era, which made the primaries mandatory for the two major parties. This paper focuses instead on the voluntary adoption phase that took place under the party by-laws, paying special attention to the case of Pennsylvania after 1842. I argue that the party elites of county organizations initiated the introduction of the primaries in order to prevent defection and to preserve party unity. As the vote share of a party increased, the party nomination became more valuable, and more people competed for nomination. More disgruntled nomination losers would run as independents, hurting the electoral prospects of a given party in the general election. For party leaders, whose overwhelming concern was the maintenance of party unity, the direct primary system offered a solution by presenting the primary winner as a focal candidate to the party voters. The primaries made it harder for losers to defect later, with the transparent features of their procedures. Thus, the stronger the party, the more likely it was to adopt the direct primary. The paper tests this hypothesis empirically with an original data set built from hundreds of archived local newspapers. To my knowledge, this is the first study on nineteenth century county-level party activities to use comprehensive data covering most counties from a single state. The findings have broader implications as to how party competition affects the choice of candidate selection methods, and the role which competition among elites plays in the democratization of the intraparty decision-making mechanism.

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Books on the topic "Parties leaders selection"

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Malcolmson, Patrick. The selection of party leaders: Convention versus universal suffrage models. [Toronto]: Ontario, Legislative Library, Legislative Research Service, 1986.

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1947-, Blais André, ed. Politics at the centre: The selection and removal of party leaders in the Anglo parliamentary democracies. Oxford: New York, 2012.

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Courtney, John C. Do conventions matter?: Choosing national party leaders in Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995.

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Aylott, Nicholas, and Niklas Bolin, eds. Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4.

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Selecting the party leader: Britain in comparative perspective. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992.

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Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Cross, William, and Jean-Benoit Pilet. Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Cross, William, and Jean-Benoit Pilet. Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Cross, William, and Jean-Benoit Pilet. Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Cross, William, and Jean-Benoit Pilet. Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parties leaders selection"

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Marino, Bruno. "Leaders and parties in Western Europe." In Party Leaders and their Selection Rules in Western Europe, 5–20. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003142218-2.

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Jun, Uwe, and Simon Jakobs. "The Selection of Party Leaders in Germany." In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 73–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_4.

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Hartliński, Maciej. "How Political Parties Select Party Leaders in Poland: Party Leaders Decide and Party Members Endorse Their Decisions." In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 157–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_8.

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Webb, Paul. "Steer or No Steer? The Selection of Party Leaders in Britain." In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 197–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_10.

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Sandri, Giulia, and Antonella Seddone. "Understanding How Political Parties In Europe Select Their Leaders: The Italian Case." In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 95–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_5.

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Alexandre-Collier, Agnès, and Emmanuelle Avril. "The use of primaries for the selection of party leaders in the UK Conservative and Labour parties." In New Paths for Selecting Political Elites, 160–79. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge studies on political parties and party systems: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003022893-9.

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Bolin, Niklas, and Nicholas Aylott. "Patterns in Leader Selection: Where Does Power Lie?" In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 217–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_11.

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Aylott, Nicholas, and Niklas Bolin. "Conflicts and Coronations: Analysing Leader Selection in European Political Parties." In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_1.

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Reiljan, Andres. "Party Leadership Selection in Estonia: The Long-Lasting Authority of the “Founding Fathers”." In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 29–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_2.

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Koskimaa, Vesa. "Finland: Open and Public Contests Between Independent Candidates." In Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties, 51–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Parties leaders selection"

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Jafari, Saeid, Amir Ajorlou, and Amir G. Aghdam. "Leader selection in multi-agent systems subject to partial failure." In 2011 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2011.5991471.

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Richter, Sebastian, Stefan Brendelberger, Felix Gersdorf, Tobias Oschmann, and Christian Sattler. "Demonstration Reactor System for the Indirect Solar-Thermochemical Reduction of Redox Particles: The Particle Mix Reactor." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3902.

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Abstract In contrast to thermal receivers that provide heat for steam cycles, in solar thermochemistry often receiver-reactors are used, where materials undergo a reaction while being irradiated by concentrated sunlight. When applied to two-step redox cycles, multiple processes take place in such receiver-reactors, though on different time scales. This leads to design compromises and to high technical requirements for the implementation. A concept for an indirect particle-based system for thermochemical cycles was therefore proposed in which the heat required for the reduction of redox particles is provided by inert heat transfer particles that absorb concentrated solar radiation in a dedicated particle receiver. The novel and central component in this indirect system is the particle mix reactor. It functions by mixing the two particle types for heat transfer and establishing a controlled atmosphere under decreased oxygen partial pressures in a common reactor chamber. The design of an experimental setup for demonstration and investigation of the particle mix reactor is presented in this work. Potential operation modes and design options for particle heater, mixing unit and oxygen partial pressure decrease are discussed and illustrated. The selection of a mixer type is based on the homogeneity of the obtained mixture. It is supported by the use of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations, which were compared to experimental results from a separate setup. Heat loss estimations for the mixing process in the selected mixer geometry are performed for alumina heat transfer particles and strontium iron oxide redox particles. The components’ geometries, the overall experimental setup design as well as operation steps are presented.

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Wu, Keyu, Min Wu, Jianfei Yang, Zhenghua Chen, Zhengguo Li, and Xiaoli Li. "Deep Reinforcement Learning Boosted Partial Domain Adaptation." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/439.

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Domain adaptation is critical for learning transferable features that effectively reduce the distribution difference among domains. In the era of big data, the availability of large-scale labeled datasets motivates partial domain adaptation (PDA) which deals with adaptation from large source domains to small target domains with less number of classes. In the PDA setting, it is crucial to transfer relevant source samples and eliminate irrelevant ones to mitigate negative transfer. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning based source data selector for PDA, which is capable of eliminating less relevant source samples automatically to boost existing adaptation methods. It determines to either keep or discard the source instances based on their feature representations so that more effective knowledge transfer across domains can be achieved via filtering out irrelevant samples. As a general module, the proposed DRL-based data selector can be integrated into any existing domain adaptation or partial domain adaptation models. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed DRL-based data selector which leads to state-of-the-art performance for various PDA tasks.

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Petrov, A. L., N. L. Kuprianov, A. V. Levin, and I. V. Shishkovsky. "Rapid prototyping based on selective laser gluing of metal powder." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cwf73.

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The selective laser gluing process for rapid prototyping was proposed and investigated in this work. The main feature of the method is the premixed composition of metal powder and solid thermoplastic glue of low melting point. The scan of a laser beam over the free powder surface gives the local heating and melting of only the polymer component. The melting of thermoplastic glue particles leads to gluing of the nonmelted metal particles.

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Dayal, Ram, Eberhard Abele, and Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman. "Numerical Investigation of Coalescence of Viscous Particles With Solid Cores." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73189.

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Coalescence of viscous particles with solid cores plays an important role in chemical and pharmaceutical industry, in agriculture and in production technology. Coalescence of metal particles, which are partially melted due the laser heating, is an important mechanism responsible for densification of metal powder during selective laser sintering process. Our model describes coalescence of two or more particles consisting of a solid core and a liquid shell. The flow in the liquid shell is driven by the surface tension. It is assumed that the characteristic Reynolds number is low, so that the creeping flow model can be applied. A two dimensional boundary element model (BEM) is used to solve the governing equations. The numerical model is validated by comparison with available analytical solution for the limiting case of fully viscous particles. The influence of the liquid properties, the sizes of the particles and the relative sizes of the solid core on the two-phase flow and on the shape evolution of coalescing particles is quantified. In application to the selective laser sintering process densification rate has been defined as an important output parameter. We show that increasing of the solid core radius leads to the decrease of the powder densification rate.

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Mandloi, Kuldeep, Parth Amrapurkar, and Harish P. Cherukuri. "Discrete Element Modeling of Scraping Process and Quantification of Powder Bed Quality for SLM." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8447.

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Abstract In selective laser melting (SLM) and selective laser sintering (SLS) additive manufacturing techniques, the powder spreading process plays a key role in the quality of the manufactured parts. Some of the important parameters that influence the quality of the powder bed are the powder particle size distribution, spreader-type (roller or blade), spreader speed, size and shape of the particles. In this work, we use the discrete element method to study the effect of these parameters on the quality of the powder bed. The interactions between the particles is modeled using Hertz-Mindlin contact model as well as Hertz-Mindlin with JKR contact model with the latter being used for studies of the effect of cohesiveness of particles on powder bed quality. The Dynamic Repose Angle (DRA) is used for validating the numerical models. Our studies differ from the previous studies in that we have introduced quantitative measures for powder bed quality in the form of Discretized Volume Fraction (DVF) and Particle Flow Rate (PFR) for the layering process. With the help of these quantities, we studied various factors that affect powder bed quality: cohesiveness of the particles, spreader shape, particle size and shape, and the distribution of particle sizes. Our results indicate that as DVF and PFR decrease and DRA increases, the potential for cavities and shifting defects increases due to increase in cohesiveness. Use of fixed particle size in the simulations leads to higher DRA than when a normal distribution of particle sizes is considered. Our results show that the roller geometry provides better bed quality as compared to the blade type geometry.

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Yang, Feifei, Tianyu Jiang, Xu Chen, Greg Lalier, and John Bartolone. "Active Interlayer Heating for Sustainable Selective Laser Sintering With Reclaimed Polyamide 12 Powders." In 2020 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2020-9654.

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Abstract Selective laser sintering (SLS) technology produces a substantial amount of un-sintered polyamide 12 powders after the manufacturing process. Failure to recycle and reuse these aged powders not only leads to economic losses but also is environmentally unfriendly. This is particularly problematic for powder particles close to the heat-affected zones that go through severe thermal degradations during the laser sintering processes. Limited procedures exist for systematically reusing such extremely aged powders. This work proposes a systematic method to maximize reusability of aged and extremely aged polyamide 12 powders. Building on a previously untapped interlayer heating, pre-processing, and a systematic mixing of powder materials, we show how reclaimed polyamide 12 powders can be consistently reprinted into functional samples, with mechanical properties even superior to current industrial norms. In particular, the proposed method can yield printed samples with 18.04% higher tensile strength and 55.29% larger elongation at break using as much as 30% of extremely aged powders compared to the benchmark sample.

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Kockmann, Norbert, Simon Dreher, Michael Engler, and Peter Woias. "Simulation and Characterization of Microreactors for Aerosol Generation." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96083.

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This paper shows the application of T-shaped micromixers for the generation of nanoscale aerosols by the mixing of a hot gas-vapor-mixture with a cold gas. The fast mixing within a T-shaped micromixer leads to a quasi-instantaneous and high saturation of the vapor and therefore to homogeneous nucleation. After nucleation, the particles grow to their final size until the vapor is saturated. Different mixer geometries, mixing ratios, and gas temperatures have been investigated by numerical simulation to yield optimum mixing results over a wide range of operational parameters. The main selection parameters are the mixing time, the mixing quality, and the flow regimes in the mixer. Six different microreactor geometries were designed and fabricated in silicon and covered with a Pyrex glass lid for optical observation. Special attention was paid to thermal insulation and particle deposition at the channel walls. This concerns not only the entire mixing chip, but also the design of the fluidic mount with only few bends and corners. First experimental results for particle deposition (prefabricated NaCl nanoparticles in a nitrogen carrier stream,) and aerosol generation (Vitamin E droplets in nitrogen) are presented. High temperature gradients up to 1 Mio. K/s lead to a rapid condensation and forming of nanosized particles with a mean diameter of 20 to 50 nm and a narrow size distribution.

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Shafiee, Hadi, and Rafael V. Davalos. "An Autonomous Cell Type Selective Irreversible Electroporation Microsystem Using Insulator Based Dielectrophoresis (IDEP)." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193040.

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Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a method to kill cells by exposing the cell to intense electric field pulses[1]. It is postulated that the lipid bilayer rearranges to create permanent defects in the cell membrane which eventually leads to cell death via necrosis[1]. We postulate that the recurrence of cancer for patients treated for the disease would be minimized if their blood was monitored using a microdevice which would destroy existing or new exfoliated cancer cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is the motion of polarizable particles that are suspended in an electrolyte when subjected to a spatially nonuniform electric field [2]. Insulator-based DEP uses insulating structures rather than electrode arrays to produce the nonuniform fields needed to drive DEP. We hypothesize that iDEP can enable the selective IRE of a particular cell type within a microfluidic platform. This manuscript demonstrates through modeling the feasibility of coupling iDEP with IRE using an AC field with a DC offset. Such a platform could be used to selectively destroy isolate cancer cells while not affecting normal cells.

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Schor, Alisha R., and Cullen R. Buie. "Non-Invasive Sorting of Lipid Producing Microalgae With Dielectrophoresis Using Microelectrodes." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88317.

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In order to advance the algae biofuel industry, we are constructing a dielectrophoretic, single-cell sorter that selects algae based on lipid content. This tool can lower production costs by aiding in strain selection, online culture monitoring, or directed evolution studies. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is the polarization of particles or cells in a non-uniform electric field, which leads to a Coulomb force on the cell. Lipids and cell cytoplasm have vastly different dielectric properties. Therefore, as a cell accumulates lipid, we predict a change in the overall DEP response. Our models show that in algae culture medium, we should be able to distinguish between high and low lipid content cells at frequencies above 100 MHz. This was confirmed by experiments, in which high and low lipid cultures of Neochloris oleoabundans have DEP crossover frequencies of 190 MHz and 125 MHz, respectively. We have also fabricated a proof-of-concept device validating that cells can be manipulated under DEP. However, in order to achieve sorting, we will require higher frequencies as well as a modified design to eliminate non-uniformities in the electric field through the channel height.

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Reports on the topic "Parties leaders selection"

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Nesse, Ronald J., Michael C. Baechler, and Megan M. Iverson. Solicitation and Selection of Partner Projects, Technical Team Leads, and Measurement and Validation Contractors for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Funded Commercial Building Partnerships (CBP-2). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097994.

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Mahmoudi, Farhad, Mahtab Mokarram, Sadegh Sabouhi, Sara Hashemi, Parastoo Saberi, and Hadi Zamanian. Application of digital health for improving medication adherence in MS patients. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0058.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of digital health interventions in monitoring and improving medication adherence in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Condition being studied: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to focal lesions in the white matter, characterized by selective primary demyelination with partial preservation of axons and reactive astrocytic gliosis. The disease is thought to be due to a complex interaction between different genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of MS is rising all over the world, due on one hand to earlier diagnosis and prolonged survival, and on the other to a true increase in incidence of the disease. The diagnosis of MS remains clinical despite recent advances in diagnostics and relies on demonstrating dissemination in space and time while excluding alternative diagnoses.

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Lucas, Brian. Approaches to Implementing National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security. Institute of Development Studies, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.049.

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This report aims to identify a selection of programmes and projects undertaken by countries under their respective National Action Plans. It focuses on discrete, large-scale initiatives that specifically target aspects of the WPS agenda and aim to influence change outside the implementing agencies, rather than changing agencies’ own policies and practices. Common themes that appear frequently across these programmes and projects include: supporting global pools of technical capacity on WPS and on peacebuilding generally; training military, police, and other personnel from partner countries, including building women’s professional capacities as well as training personnel in WPS-related good practices; supporting WPS networks and forums to share experience and expertise; extensive use of multilateral mechanisms for channelling funding and for sharing technical capacity; extensive support to and collaboration with civil society organisations; initiatives focusing on combating violent extremism and counter-terrorism; initiatives focusing on preventing sexual exploitation and abuse in peacekeeping and humanitarian contexts; a wide range of commitments to stopping gender-based violence; and support for sexual and reproductive health initiatives. All of the countries discussed in this report also undertake considerable efforts to change policies and practices within their own agencies. In addition, all of the countries discussed in this report undertake a range of initiatives focused on individual countries; smaller donors, in particular, often focus many of their own programmes on single countries while using multilateral mechanisms to engage at the regional and global scales. However, in accordance with the terms of reference for this report, these types of activities are not discussed below. In the time available for this report, it was possible to review six countries’ activities. These countries were selected for inclusion because they had sufficient documentation readily accessible in the form of action plans, implementation plans, and progress reports; they are donor countries with significant international activities that may be considered peers to the UK; and/or they have been cited in the literature as being leaders in promoting the WPS agenda.

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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/5jchdy.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.

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5

Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0001.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.

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