Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Particules (physique) – Dynamique'
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Masmoudi, Karim. "Etude des interactions hydrodynamiques particule-particules, particules-parois par interferometrie laser." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES041.
Full textErignoux, Clément. "Limite hydrodynamique pour un dynamique sur réseau de particules actives." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX011/document.
Full textCollective dynamics can be observed among many animal species, and have given rise in the last decades to an active and interdisciplinary field of study. Such behaviors are usually modeled by active matter, in which each individual is self-driven and tends to align its velocity with that of its neighbors.In a classical model introduced by Vicsek & al., as well as in numerous related active matter models, a phase transition between chaotic behavior at high temperature and global order at low temperature can be observed. Even though ample evidence of these phase transitions has been obtained for collective dynamics, from a mathematical standpoint, such active systems are not fully understood yet. Some progress has been achieved in the recent years under an assumption of mean-field interactions, however to this day, few rigorous results have been obtained for models involving purely local interactions.In this manuscript, we describe a lattice active particle system interacting locally to align their velocities. This thesis aims at rigorously obtaining, using the formalism developed for hydrodynamic limits of lattice gases, the scaling limit of this out-of-equilibrium system, for which numerous technical and theoretical difficulties arise
Mangin-Brinet, Mariane. "Description relativiste des systèmes composites simples par la dynamique du front de lumière." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077098.
Full textAguilar, Corona Alicia. "Agitation des particules dans un lit fluidisé liquide : étude expérimentale." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001206/.
Full textBesides its interest as an industrial application in various processes, liquid fluidization builds up an interesting test case regarding the validation of two-phase flow modelling. The lack of reliable and detailed experimental data about particle agitation in this type of flow is one important motivation to this study. In this work, the random motion of mono-dispersed particles in a liquid fluidized bed has been measured and processed from video recordings, using a refractive index matching method. 3-D trajectories of coloured particles have been collected in a wide range of solid fraction, and statistical quantities have been derived in the range of high particle Reynolds number (O(10)
Cardot, Jérôme. "Adhésion et détachement de particules en contact avec une surface sous écoulement d'air : application aux milieux fibreux." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT024H.
Full textLyu, Jinming. "Modélisation numérique de la dynamique de particules molles en microcanaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDM0002.
Full textVesicles are a model system for understanding the dynamical behavior of a closed soft particle such as red blood cells (RBCs) in flows. The inextensible lipid bilayer membrane of a vesicle admits resistance to the bending elasticity, and its large surface-area-to-volume ratio allows the vesicle to exhibit remarkable shape changes in the dynamics even in a simple flow. Significant progress has been made over the past decades in understanding vesicle dynamics in unbounded Stokes flows. This manuscript deals with the numerical investigation of shape transition and lateral migration of 3D vesicles in wall-bounded Stokes flows by means of an isogeometric finite-element method (FEM) and boundary-element method (BEM). Starting from a previously reported isogeometric FEM-BEM simulations of the dynamics of soft particles (drops, capsule, and vesicle) in Stokes flows in free space, the original code is developed to account for microchannel walls of arbitrary cross-section. The present work focuses on the dynamics of a vesicle that is transported through a circular tube in a pressure-driven flow. First, we investigate typical vesicle shapes, different lateral migration modes, and flow structure onto vesicle membrane versus three independent dimensionless parameters, namely, the reduced volume, the confinement, and the (bending) capillary number. Shape transitions and the phase diagram of stable shapes for several reduced volumes are obtained in the (confinement, capillary number) space, showing an extension of the set of vesicle morphologies and rich vesicle dynamics owing to the intricate interplay among the tube wall, hydrodynamic stresses, and membrane bending. Secondly, we study, via an axisymmetric BEM, the hydrodynamics under high confinements in which the shape of the vesicle is expected to maintain axisymmetry. A particular emphasis is given to the prediction of the vesicle mobility and the extra pressure drop caused due to the presence of the vesicle, the latter having implications in the rheology of a dilute suspension. In addition, based on the numerical results of limiting behavior of quantities of interest near maximal confinement, we give various scaling laws to infer, for example, the vesicle velocity, its length, and the thickness of lubrication film. Finally, we present a coupled, hybrid continuum–coarse-grained model for the study of RBCs in fluid flows. This model is based on a combination of the vesicle model with a network of springs with fixed connectivity, representing the cytoskeleton. Numerical results show that this two-component vesicle–cytoskeleton model isable to extract the mechanical properties of RBCs and predict its dynamics in fluid flows
Varotsou, Athina. "Utilisation de modèles physiques pour comprendre la dynamique des ceintures de radiation d'électrons de la Terre." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0032.
Full textSteinmann, Thomas. "Métrologie optique en dynamique des fluides appliquées à l'écologie physique des insectes." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4050/document.
Full textFlow sensing is used by a vast number of animals in various ecological contexts, from preypredator interactions to mate selection, and orientation to flow itself. Among these animals, crickets use hundreds of filiform hairs on two cerci as an early warning system to detect remote potential predators. Over the years, the cricket hairs have been described as the most sensitive sensor in the animal kingdom. The energy necessary for the emission of an action potential by its sensory neuron was estimated to be a tenth of the energy of a photon. This PhD thesis aims to describe recent technological advances in the measurement and model of flows around biological and artificial flow sensors in the context of organismal sensory ecology. The study and understanding of the performance of sensory systems requires a high spatial precision of non-intrusive measurement methods. Thus, non-contacting measurement methods such as and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), originally developed by aerodynamics and fluid mechanics engineers, have been used to measure flows of biological relevance. The viscous oscillatory boundary layer surrounding filiform hairs has been visualized and used as input to model the mechanical response of these hairs, described as second order mechanical systems. The viscous hydrodynamic coupling occurring within hair canopy was also characterized using PIV measurements on biomimetic micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) hairs, mimicking biological ones. Using PIV, we have also measured the air flow upstream of hunting spiders. We prove that this flow is highly conspicuous aerodynamically, due to substantial air displacement detectable up to several centimeters in front of the running predator. This disturbance of upstream air flows were also assessed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the finite elements method (FEM). The development of non-intrusive measurement and CFD methods and their application to the analysis of the biological flow involved in cricket sensory ecology allowed us to revisit the extreme sensitivity of cricket filiform hairs. We predicted strong hydrodynamic coupling within natural hair canopies and we addressed why hairs are packed together at such high densities, particularly given the exquisite sensitivity of a single hair. We also proposed a new model of hair deflection during the arrival of a predator, by taking into account both the initial and long-term aspects of the flow pattern produced by a lunging predator. We conclude that the length heterogeneity of the hair canopy mirrors the flow complexity of an entire attack, from launch to grasp
Bonnet, Florian. "Effective theories and neutrino physics." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112068.
Full textMachicoane, Nathanaël. "Particules matérielles en écoulement turbulent. Transport, dynamique aux temps longs et transfert thermique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070651.
Full textJasiak, Rafal. "Ultrafast electron dynamics and decoherence in metallic nanostructures." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6040.
Full textThe ultrafast electron dynamics in thin metal films was studied numerically using both a semiclassical model (Vlasov-Poisson) and a fully quantum approach based on the Wigner equation. For large excitation energies, the quantum and classical dynamics are virtually identical, whereas they diverge below a certain threshold, roughly equal to the plasmon energy. This is a clear signature of a quantum-mechanical effect, which should be observable in standard pump-probe experiments on thin metal films. For longer timescales, the electron dynamics becomes dissipative, as the electrons exchange energy incoherently with the ion lattice. A classical relaxation time and a quantum decoherence time were shown to emerge naturally from the simulations. These time scales are in good agreement with phenomenological estimates based on the two-temperature model, and correctly reproduce the main features observed in experiments on small sodium clusters
Gabbaï, Philippe. "Instabilités, auto-organisation et transport dans la turbulence d'ondes de dérive dissipatives." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11039.
Full textLominé, Franck. "Ecoulements de particules dans un milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198209.
Full textUn dispositif expérimental a été mis au point pour étudier la dispersion latérale et le temps moyen de séjour d'un paquet de particules dans un milieu poreux. Nous avons en particulier déterminé la dépendance du temps moyen de transit en fonction du nombre de particules en écoulement, de la taille des particules et de la hauteur du milieu poreux. Nous avons également caractérisé la dépendance du coefficient de dispersion latéral vis-à-vis du nombre de particules transitant dans la structure poreuse.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons développé des modèles de simulations numériques basés sur les méthodes "Event-Driven" et "dynamique moléculaire de sphères molles". Ceux-ci nous ont permis de compléter l'étude expérimentale en analysant l'influence de divers paramètres supplémentaires. L'accès à l'intérieur du milieu poreux a permis une analyse plus fine de la dispersion des particules.
Enfin, nous avons abordé la possibilité d'utiliser le phénomène de percolation spontanée pour réaliser un mélangeur. Grâce à l'outil numérique, nous avons réalisé et caractérisé des mélanges de particules de tailles différentes. Nous avons alors montré que ce procédé s'avère être un moyen simple et efficace pour obtenir des mélanges homogènes de particules.
St-Onge, Patrick. "Calibration du multidétecteur HERACLES et simulations de collisions d'ions lourds à l'aide d'un modèle de dynamique moléculaire antisymmétrisée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30797/30797.pdf.
Full textGoldstein, Gérald. "Description de la dissociation de noyaux à halo par l'approximation eikonale dynamique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210667.
Full textLes noyaux à halo présentent une taille beaucoup plus grande que prévue par l'hypothèse communément adoptée du noyau sphérique et seraient constitués d'un coeur, qui a les propriétés d'un noyau normal, auquel un ou deux neutrons qui forment le halo seraient faiblement liés. Cette propriété bouleverse complètement l'image traditionnelle du noyau atomique, celle d'un mélange quasiment homogène de protons et de neutrons.
Les noyaux à halo ont tendance à facilement se dissocier lorsqu'ils entrent en collision avec un noyau cible. Leurs réactions de dissociation constituent donc un formidable outil expérimental pour étudier leurs propriétés. Cependant l'analyse de telles réactions nécessite une description précise du processus de collision. A cette fin, nous avons développé un nouveau modèle de réaction: l'approximation eikonale dynamique. Il s'agit d'une méthode purement quantique qui combine les avantages des approximations eikonale traditionnelle et semi-classique. Elle prend en compte aussi bien les effets dynamiques du mouvement interne du projectile que les interférences quantiques entre les trajectoires. Elle conduit à la résolution d'une équation de Schrödinger approchée similaire à celle de l'approximation semi-classique avec trajectoires rectilignes.
Nous appliquons l'approximation eikonale dynamique à l'étude de réactions impliquant trois noyaux à halo différents :le $^{11}$Be, le $^{19}$C et le $^{8}$B. Pour les trois systèmes étudiés, nous confrontons nos résultats théoriques avec les données expérimentales disponibles. Nous constatons un très bon accord tant sur l'allure que sur l'ordre de grandeur des différentes sections efficaces. Ceci est valable aussi bien pour les collisions sur cible lourde que sur cible légère. Les motifs d'interférence présents dans les distributions angulaires sont également bien reproduits par notre modèle, y compris pour la diffusion élastique.
Nous analysons la section efficace de dissociation expérimentale du $^{19}$C dans le but de déterminer la présence d'une résonance dans le spectre continu de ce noyau. Nous constatons que plusieurs options restent plausibles et que d'autres mesures sont nécessaires (sur cible légère, par exemple) pour confirmer nos hypothèses.
La dissociation coulombienne du $^{8}$B fait l'objet de nombreuses études expérimentales dans le but d'obtenir des informations sur la réaction inverse qu'est la capture radiative $^{7}$Be(p,$gamma$)$^{8}$B. En analysant cinq expériences pour lesquelles différentes observables ont été mesurées, nous examinons la validité des hypothèses qui permettent de faire un lien direct entre dissociation et capture radiative. Nous observons que l'extraction d'informations sur la capture radiative à partir de données de dissociation semble plus compliqué qu'initiallement prévu. Cependant les différentes mesures permettent de valider un modèle de structure du $^{8}$B qui peut servir au calcul de la section efficace de capture radiative.
L'approximation eikonale dynamique constitue donc un outil performant qui permet d'analyser toutes les observables liées à la dissociation élastique d'un noyau à halo sur une cible lourde ou légère à des énergies incidentes de quelques dizaines de MeV par nucléon.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Peaucelle, Christophe. "La problématique de l'évolution des moments d'une densité de particules soumises à des forces non linéaires." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001153.
Full textArcen, Boris. "Etude par simulation numérique directe du comportement et de la dispersion de particules solides en écoulement non homogène isotherme ou anisotherme." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0163_ARCEN.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the investigation of the motion of solid particles in an isothermal and non isothermal inhomogeneous turbulent gas flow using direct numerical simulation. By means of this numerical tool, it was possible to analyse the inertia and crossing trajectory effects on the thermal and dynamical characteristics of the dispersed phase as well as on those of the fluid seen. A better understanding of the influence of these two effects is an important issue in the development of Eulerian-Eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian models. The study was conducted by extracting dispersed phase statistics such as concentration, mean and root mean square of the particle velocity, fluid-particle covariances, and triple particle velocity correlations. The characteristics of the fluid seen which were examined are the drift velocity, the Reynolds stresses, and the decorrelation time scales of the fluctuating velocity of the fluid seen. Concerning non isothermal flows, we present the thermal statistics of the dispersed phase as well as those of the fluid seen obtained in a downward channel flow. These aspects are investigated keeping in mind the objective of the present study, i. E. Understand the thermal behaviour of the dispersed phase and provide information about crucial parameters which appear in the modelling of such flows
Marín, Aguilar Susana. "Local structure and dynamics of dense colloidal systems : from patchy particles to hard spheres." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP052.
Full textThe role played by the structure in determining the dynamics of glassy colloidal systems is still a subject of debate. However, there is compelling evidence of a direct link between changes in the local structure and the dynamical slowdown in glassy systems. Here, we explore the interplay between local structure and dynamics by using patchy particles as glass formers. This is done by making use of molecular dynamics simulations. We show that reinforcing icosahedral geometry causes, the system to exhibit an extreme slowdown in its dynamics. With these results, we provide a route for controlling glassy dynamics through the use of patchy particles. Additionally, an interesting point is whether we can extract information about dynamics from only structural information. In order to explore this point, we simulate a wide variety of hard-sphere mixtures. We show that global dynamics of these systems can be precisely predicted by quantifying the tetrahedrality of the local structure: an order parameter that consists of counting the number of tetrahedra each particle participates in. The predictions of this order parameter maintain their accuracy over a wide variety of densities proving its universality in this family of glass formers. Moreover, it is also capable of capturing the changes in the local dynamics, as regions with high tetrahedrality are strongly correlated with regions with slow dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate that unsupervised machine learning techniques can be used to classify particles with different structural environments, which are strongly correlated to local dynamics
Bauge, Eric. "Collisions d'ions lourds aux énergies intermédiaires : étude de la dynamique d'émission des particules chargées et caractérisation des émetteurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10086.
Full textJana, Arindam. "Collage et adhérence de particules dans le domaine de la sous-monocouche." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0074/document.
Full textDuring plasma assisted deposition, properties of the coating substrate interface depend on the first atomic layer of the deposit, or the atoms that first start to cover the surface. Therefore the good knowledge of the sticking coefficient and the reorganization of the surface following particle impact is an essential issue to achieve the description of the behavior of the processed surface and, therefore, its expected properties. Consequently, we investigated the interaction between incoming particles (C, Ti, W) and a silicon surface by using an approach combining molecular dynamic simulations and experiments. Various initial conditions were studied, energy, fluence and incidence angle of the incoming particles. An important part of this work has consisted in adapting the molecular dynamic codes (using reactive force fields) to the investigated systems. Meanwhile, experimental procedure specifically devoted to the use of the Storing Matter facility was also developed. Results show that the sticking coefficient (SC) value is in the range [0.7 – 1] irrespectively of the incoming species; in the case of W, almost all atoms stick on the surface (SC~~1). Besides the determination of sticking coefficient, the surface modification resulting from the particles impingement were determined for various initial conditions (energy, fluence, angle) in terms of implantation and displacement of the incoming species, and surface sputtering as well
Bonilla, Céline. "Application de modèles statique et dynamique aux barrières de potentiel et aux collisions nucléon-noyau : étude de l'émission de particules légères, de la fission, des noyaux déformés et superlourds." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2023.
Full textDesreumaux, Nicolas. "Emulsions microfluidiques et rouleurs colloïdaux : effets collectifs en matière molle forcée hors-équilibre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066071/document.
Full textEmulsions, colloidal suspensions, polymer solutions, bacterial suspensions, ... The dynamical properties of these disperse systems rely on the interplay between the microscopic structure of the dispersed phase, and the flow of the continuous phase.This thesis is devoted to the collective dynamics of suspensions driven out-of-equilibrium. The driving can take place either at the macroscopic scale (advection, uniform strength, ...) or at the microscopic scale (self-propulsion).Our goal is to understand the large scale dynamics of the suspensions on the basis of the symmetries of the interactions between the particles.Our approach is experimental. It relies on microfluidic tools to perform quantitative model experiments. In the first part of the manuscript, I focus on the dynamics of suspensions of passive particles in rigidly confined thin liquid films. In particular, I present experimental and theoretical results on the propagation of linear density waves in advected emulsions. In the second part of the manuscript, I study the collective dynamics of bidimensional assemblies of self-propelled particles embedded in a fluid at rest at infinity. I present our experimental setup based on a new propulsion mechanism for the particles. It enables us to study and understand the emergence of collective motion on the basis of the interactions between the individuals. Finally, I investigate the propagation of non-linear excitations of these assemblies of self-propelled particles in heterogeneous media
Breuillard, Hugo. "Détermination des distributions d’ondes de type choeur dans la magnétosphère interne de la Terre et leurs conséquences sur la dynamique de la ceinture de radiation externe." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2081/document.
Full textChorus type whistler waves are one of the most intense electromagnetic waves observed in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere, and play a crucial role in the dynamics of radiation belts which is a critical issue in space weather. They are indeed responsible for acceleration and loss of the energetic electron population that shape the outer belt. As spacecraft trajectories cannot entirely cover the inner magnetosphere, satellite measurements are poor in some regions. The aim of this thesis is thus to be able to complete observational data making use of numerical simulations, by determining the statistical distributions of chorus waves in the inner magnetosphere. In order to achieve this aim, a ray tracing code has been developed, including a realistic model of the inner magnetosphere. First, wave propagation by means of this program is described in this work, emphasizing notably the significance of wave azimuthal angle. Then, making use of the trajectory database computed for typical source chorus parameters, the reconstruction of statistical distributions recorded on Cluster spacecraft is presented. It is thereby demonstrated that quasi-longitudinal approximation, used in numerous simulations of radiation belts dynamics, is no longer valid at medium and high latitudes. Taking these realistic distributions as a basis, it is then demonstrated the major discrepancy obtained for energetic electrons losses. Subsequently, the accuracy of our numerical simulations for the study of magnetospherically reflected chorus waves is highlighted, as well as their importance due to the lack of observational data. Our simulations notably indicate that falling tone chorus emissions can originate from the magnetospheric reflection of rising tone elements
Idouakass, Malik. "Linear and nonlinear study of the precessional fishbone instability." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4756/document.
Full textThe wave-particle interaction in plasmas is an important research subject, for fundamental physical understanding as well as for the operation of fusion devices such as tokamaks. This interaction can cause the existence of unstable modes, such as the fishbone instability that is observed in tokamak plasmas. It results from the resonant interaction between an electro-magnetic wave living in the plasma and a population of supra-thermal particles. This mode causes the ejection of a portion of these energetic particles, and is thus detrimental to the confinment of energy in a tokamak, and it is characterized by a frequency down-chirping, i.e. a decrease of frequency of the mode during its evolution. In this thesis, a model for the fishbone instability is developed, that describes the thermal plasma with fluid equations and the supra-thermal particles with the kinetic Vlasov equation. This model is highly simplified in order to understand the basic mechanisms leading to destabilization, frequency chirping, and particle ejection. The linear theory of this model is then done, showing the conditions that lead to the existence of an instability, and that allow the characterization of its linear behavior. The linear analytic results are then compared to numerical linear results obtained with a code, based on the assumptions of the model, that was developed during this PhD and the results are found to be in good agreement. Finally, the code is used to explore the nonlinear behavior of energetic particles in the later phase of the fishbone instability. The main mechanism responsible for the frequency chirping and energetic particle ejection is identified and studied in detail
Roussignol, Philippe. "Nonlinéarités optiques de microcristaux de semiconducteur CdSSe en matrice de verre : dynamique des porteurs photoexcités et confinement quantique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112212.
Full textRjimati, El Arbi. "Microfiltration tangentielle de suspensions particulaires : modélisation." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20029.
Full textBreuillard, Hugo. "Détermination des distributions d'ondes de type choeur dans la magnétosphère interne de la Terre et leurs conséquences sur la dynamique de la ceinture de radiation externe." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843653.
Full textHe, Jun. "Modélisation des écoulements gaz-solides en régime dilué : influence des collisions entre particules et de l'anisotropie de leur mouvement fluctuant." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD698.
Full textBlanquier, Éric. "Le modèle de Polyakov, Nambu et Jona-Lasinio et ses applications pour décrire les particules sub-nucléaires." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2119/.
Full textTo study the high energy nuclear physics and the associated phenomenon, as the QGP/hadronic matter phase transition, the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model (NJL) appears as an interesting alternative of the Quantum Chromodynamics, not solvable at the considered energies. Indeed, the NJL model allows describing the quarks physics, at finite temperatures and densities. Furthermore, in order to try to correct a limitation of the NJL model, i. E. The absence of confinement, it was proposed a coupling of the quarks/antiquarks to a Polyakov loop, forming the PNJL model. The objective of this thesis is to see the possibilities offered by the NJL and PNJL models, to describe relevant sub-nuclear particles (quarks, mesons, diquarks and baryons), to study their interactions, and to proceed to a dynamical study involving these particles. After a recall of the useful tools, we modeled the u, d, s effective quarks and the mesons. Then, we described the baryons as quarks-diquarks bound states. A part of the work concerned the calculations of the cross-sections associated to the possible reactions implying these particles. Then, we incorporated these works in a computer code, in order to study the cooling of a quarks/antiquarks plasma and its hadronization. In this study, each particle evolves in a system in which the temperature and the densities are local parameters. We have two types of interactions: one due to the collisions, and a remote interaction, notably between quarks. Finally, we studied the properties of our approach: qualities, limitations, and possible evolutions
Louvet, Nicolas. "Étude multi-échelles du transport de particules dans les mousses liquides." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541198.
Full textSaint-Cyr, Baptiste. "Modélisation des matériaux granulaires cohésifs à particules non convexes : Application à la compaction des poudres d'UO2." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660146.
Full textSignoles, Adrien. "Manipulations cohérentes d'états de Rydberg elliptiques par dynamique Zénon quantique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066614/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we describe the realization of a new experimental setupto manipulate with a well-polarized radiofrequency electric field the internal state of aRydberg atom inside the Stark manifold. We used this setup to transfer with a nearly 1efficiency the atoms from a optically-accessible low-m state to the high angular momentumcircular Rydberg state. We then tried to induce new quantum dynamics of the atomicstate and we showed the quantum Zeno dynamics in a large Hilbert space. By applying awell-choose microwave field, one can restrict the atomic evolution induced by the radiofrequencyfield to a subspace of the Stark manifold. This confined dynamics is very differentfrom a classical dynamics. The system periodically evolves to a « Schrödinger cat state ».We experimentally observed this evolution in the phase space and mesured the atomicWigner function at the cat state . This is the first demonstration of the non-classicalaspect of the quantum Zeno dynamics in a non-trivial Hilbert space
Hudan, S. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la production de fragments dans les collisions Xe+Sn de 25 à 150 A.MeV." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701431.
Full textSopik, Julien. "Dynamique de marcheurs aléatoires en interaction : applications aux particules browniennes autogravitantes, à la condensation de Bose-Einstein, à la turbulence en déclin et aux marcheurs aléatoires en présence de pièges." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30126.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the dynamical properties of various systems of interacting random walkers. In the first part of this manuscript, we study a model of self-gravitating Brownian particles. In this model, the particles evolve at fixed temperature. This corresponds to a canonical description of self-gravitating systems. When the temperature is above a certain critical temperature, metastable equilibrium states exist. By contrast, below this critical temperature, the system collapses and forms a Dirac peak. It has been shown that the model of self-gravitating Brownian particles shares numerous analogies with the chemotaxis of biological populations. In this thesis, we generalize these results to the multi-component case, in which the particles can have different masses. In addition, we study the phase transitions between gaseous states and condensed states for a model of self-gravitating Brownian particles (or its biological analog) around a central body. Moreover, we show that the model of self-gravitating Brownian particles exhibits many analogies with the Bose-Einstein condensation of free bosons strongly coupled with a thermal bath. This model corresponds to a canonical description (fixed temperature) of the Bose-Einstein condensation. The coupling between a thermal bath and a system of free bosons induces a effective interaction between the bosons. This one forces them to condensate in their fundamental state when the temperature is less than a certain critical temperature. We then study the solutions of the bosonic Fokker-Planck equation of this problem which leads to the formation of a Dirac peak, modeling the condensate. In the second part of this thesis, we study the freely decaying two-dimensional turbulence. Two-dimensional turbulence has the striking property to generate a set of coherent structures called vortices. If the turbulent system evolves freely (without any external forcing), the turbulent fluid decays due to the merging processes of like-sign vortices. Some studies have shown that two-body merging processes are dominant for large vortex densities whereas there are inefficient at very low density: in this case, the evolution is dominated by three-body processes. .
Nicquevert, Bertrand. "Manager l'interface. Approche par la complexité du processus collaboratif de conception, d'intégration et de réalisation : modèle transactionnel de l'acteur d'interface et dynamique des espaces d'échanges." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789791.
Full textFeliachi, Ouassim. "From Particles to Fluids : A Large Deviation Theory Approach to Kinetic and Hydrodynamical Limits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1063.
Full textThe central problem of statistical physics is to understand how to describe a system with macroscopic equations, which are usually deterministic, starting from a microscopic description, which may be stochastic. This task requires taking at least two limits: a “large N ” limit and a “local equilibrium” limit. The former allows a system of N particles to be described by a phase-space distribution function, while the latter reflects the separation of time scales between the fast approach to local equilibrium and the slow evolution of hydrodynamic modes. When these two limits are taken, a deterministic macroscopic description is obtained. For both theoretical and modeling reasons (N is large but not infinite, the time-scale separation is not perfect), it is sometimes important to understand the fluctuations around this macroscopic description. Fluctuating hydrodynamics provides a framework for describing the evolution of macroscopic, coarse-grained fields while taking into account finite- particle-number induced fluctuations in the hydrodynamic limit. This thesis discusses the derivation of fluctuating hydrodynamics from the microscopic description of particle dynamics. The derivation of the fluctuating hydrodynamics is twofold. First, the “large N” limit must be refined to account for fluctuations beyond the average behavior of the system. This is done by using large deviation theory to establish kinetic large deviation principles that describe the probability of any evolution path for the empirical measure beyond the most probable path described by the kinetic equation. Then, the fluctuating hydrodynamics is derived by studying the hydrodynamical limit of the kinetic large deviation principle, or the associated fluctuating kinetic equation. This dissertation discusses this program and its application to several physical systems ranging from the dilute gas to active particles
Blondel, Oriane. "DYNAMIQUES DE PARTICULES SUR RESEAUX AVEC CONTRAINTES CINETIQUES." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913896.
Full textLaborde, Maxime. "Systèmes de particules en interaction, approche par flot de gradient dans l'espace de Wasserstein." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED014/document.
Full textSince 1998 and the seminal work of Jordan, Kinderlehrer and Otto, it is well known that a large class of parabolic equations can be seen as gradient flows in the Wasserstein space. This thesis is devoted to extensions of this theory to equations and systems which do not have exactly a gradient flow structure. We study different kind of couplings. First, we treat the case of nonlocal interactions in the drift. Then, we study cross diffusion systems which model congestion for several species. We are also interested in reaction-diffusion systems as diffusive prey-predator systems or tumor growth models. Finally, we introduce a new class of systems where the interaction is given by a multi-marginal transport problem. In many cases, we give numerical simulations to illustrate our theorical results
Cambon, Benjamin. "Chaos hamiltonien dans les plasmas de fusion." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4035/document.
Full textWe will work on the study of the exact trajectory of a charged particle within a magnetic field of the tokamak type. We will consider test particles immerged into a timeindependent magnetic field. They don’t interact with each other and have no effect on the magnetic field. The objective of our study will be to prove major behaviour differences between the particles’ trajectories and the magnetic field lines. We will start in part one by making our motivations explicit and especially see that the technics used nowadays to simulate the dynamic of fusion plasma are based on magnetohydrodynamic or gyrokinetic models which hypotheses are sometimes debatable. We will then present the Hamiltonian approach chosen to simulate the exact trajectory of a particle, and will introduce the various tools we will later need, including the characterizationof chaotic phenomena. we will briefly the developed digital tool which will highlight behaviour differences between field line and particle trajectory. Initially, we will exhibit trajectory chaos in the presence of integrable field lines by adding a perturbation to the ideal magnetic field. In a second phase, we will show that a similar result can be proven in the case of an asymmetrical ideal magnetic field. This result will lead to substantial questions regarding the invariance of the μ. The last part of this manuscript will finally focus on the behaviour of the test particles in the presence of a potentially chaotic magnetic field
Despres, Julien. "Correlation spreading in quantum lattice models with variable-range interactions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO018.
Full textIn this thesis, we have investigated the spreading of quantum correlations in isolated lattice models with short- or long-range interactions driven far from equilibrium via sudden global quenches. A main motivation for this research topic was to shed new light on the conflicting results in the literature concerning the scaling law of the correlation edge, its lack of universality and the incompleteness of the existing physical pictures to fully characterize the propagation of quantum correlations. To do so, we have presented a general theoretical approach relying on a quasiparticle theory. The latter has permitted to unveil a generic expression for the equal-time connected correlation functions valid both for short-range and long-range interacting particle and spin lattice models on a hypercubic lattice. Relying on stationary phase arguments, we have shown that its causality cone displays a universal twofold structure consisting of a correlation edge and a series of local extrema defining the outer and inner structure of the space-time correlations. For short-range interactions, the motion of each structure is ballistic and the associated spreading velocities are related to the group and phase velocites of the quasiparticle dispersion relation of the post-quench Hamiltonian. For long-range interactions of the form 1/|R|^α, the correlation spreading is substantially different due to a possible divergence of group velocity when tuning the power-law exponent α. For a divergent group velocity, extit{ie.} the quasi-local regime, we have presented evidence of a universal algebraic structure for the causality cone. While, the correlation edge motion has been found to be always slower than ballistic, the local extrema propagate faster than ballistically and ballistically for gapless and gapped quantum systems respectively. For the local regime implying a well-defined group velocity, we have recovered similar scaling laws and spreading velocities than the short-range case for the causality cone of correlations. The previous theoretical predictions have been verified numerically using tensor network techniques within the case study of the short-range Bose-Hubbard chain and the long-range s=1/2 XY and transverse Ising chains
Dimitriou, Konstantinos. "Etude des collisions d'ions et d'électrons avec atomes et molécules par la méthode des trajectoires classiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112333.
Full textCross section evaluation for the reactions observed in collisions between electrons, ions and simple molecules is the aim of this work. The classical trajectory Monte Carlo method (CTMC) which had been frequently used for calculating such cross sections is here extented in order to treat four-and five-body collisions and applied to the study of H-H, H+ -H2+, He++ -H2+, H+ -H2 collisions. In order to extend the apllication field, quantum calculations of the type of linear combinasion of atomic orbitals (LCAO) and an evaluation of e - rare gas ionization cross sections have been also carried out. The ionization and charge transfer cross sections obtained by this work have been compared with those coming from calculations avaible in the literature, but also with the experiemntal results. It has been so verified that using the CTMC method we can obtain reliable results in a wide domain of collision energies. During this work, a detailed study of the categories of trajectories which constitute the solution of the few-body dynamical systems has been necessary. .
Dessup, Tommy. "Instabilités et dynamiques de particules en interaction dans un système quasi-unidimensionnel." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC121/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we provide a detailed theoretical and numerical study of instabilities and dynamics in quasi-one-dimensional systems of repulsively interacting particles in a thermal bath.When the transverse confinement decreases, theses systems display a structural transition from a line to an homogeneous or inhomogeneous staggered row configuration. We have exhibited and explained the supercritical or subcritical character of the bifurcation according to the particles interaction and to the system geometry. The quantitative description of stable equilibrium configurations called "bubbles" has been done, their shapes consist in coexistence of line and zigzag phases.The "bubble" dynamics has been modelized by considering an effective particle that diffuses in a periodic potential induced by the discrete character of the system. When several "bubbles" coexist, they interact and evolve towards a single stable "bubble" through coalescence and collapse mechanisms. We have shown that the configuration topology has to be taken into account and exhibited frustration effects leading to either an attractive or repulsive interaction between "bubbles". Then we have shown the divergence of the mean squared transverse displacements of the particles near the transition thresholds and analytically explained these critical behaviors by the existence of a soft mode in the configuration vibrational spectrum. With this eigenmodes description, we have also interpreted a diffusion enhancement of a particle file moving on an asymmetrical periodic potential with respect to the free file diffusion
Gomit, Guillaume. "Développement de techniques de mesure de surfaces libres par moyens optiques : Application à l'analyse de l'écoulement généré par un modèle de bateau en bassin des carènes." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062934.
Full textLabousse, Matthieu. "Etude d'une dynamique à mémoire de chemin : une expérimentation théorique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066425/document.
Full textWaves and particles are distinct objects at a macroscopic scale. The existence of walkers, drops bouncing on a vertically vibrated fluid bath is a surprising case of dual objects at our scale. The drop is self-propelled, piloted by the standing surface waves generated by its previous rebounds. These objects exhibit a rich dynamics relying on the concept of path memory. Indeed, the wave field results from the position of the past impacts left all along the walker trajectory. The memory is tunable at will by simply changing the vertical acceleration of the bath. A series of experiments have revealed the surprising dynamical behaviors of this dual drop-wave entity. In this PhD, we give a theoretical understanding of the temporal non local structure of walkers. We explore the dynamics of numerical walkers in a two-dimensional harmonic potential. We observe that the system only reaches a relatively limited set of stable attractors, quantized in both extension and mean angular momentum, in excellent agreement with the experimental results. We investigate how the different time scales are intertwined, which decouples the short-time acting propulsion from the build-up of coherent wave structures at much longer time scales. We analyze the non-local mechanism revealing the internal symmetries of the walker which drives the convergence of the dynamics to a set of low-dimensional eigenstates
Elmi, Robleh Hassan. "Modélisation numérique des écoulements pulmonaires." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766647.
Full textPiot, Philippe. "Diagnostics pour faisceaux d'électrons à forte brillance et leurs applications à la dynamique de faisceau dans un laser à électrons libres supraconducteur avec système de récupération d'énergie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10135.
Full textMonti, Fabrice. "Microrhéologie de suspensions colloïdales non ergodiques : Relaxations locales, dynamiques lentes et vieillissement." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00560061.
Full textPlagne, Laurent. "Equation de Vlasov appliquée à la dynamique électronique des agrégats de sodium lors de collisions avec des ions." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10272.
Full textDespeyroux, Antoine. "Interactions hydrodynamiques lors du transport de particules en fluide newtonien et non newtonien." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658705.
Full textToucas, Guillaume. "Mécanisme de brisure de symétrie chirale pour trois saveurs de quarks légers et extrapolation de résultats de chromodynamique quantique sur réseau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00754994.
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