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Academic literature on the topic 'Particules (matière) – Effets physiologiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Particules (matière) – Effets physiologiques"
LEBAS, F. "Granulométrie des aliments composés et fonctionnement digestif du lapin." INRAE Productions Animales 13, no. 2 (April 18, 2000): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.2.3772.
Full textHery, Lyza, Antoine Boullis, and Anubis Vega-Rúa. "Les propriétés biotiques et abiotiques des gîtes larvaires d’Aedes aegypti et leur influence sur les traits de vie des adultes (synthèse bibliographique)." BASE, no. 1 (2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18886.
Full textMARTIN, B., S. BUCHIN, and C. HURTAUD. "(only in French) Conditions de production du lait et qualités sensorielles des fromages." INRAE Productions Animales 16, no. 4 (August 11, 2003): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2003.16.4.3668.
Full textBROCHARD, M., K. DUHEN, and D. BOICHARD. "Dossier "PhénoFinlait : Phénotypage et génotypage pour la compréhension et la maîtrise de la composition fine du lait"." INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 4 (October 21, 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.4.3071.
Full textBAUMONT, R. "Palatabilité et comportement alimentaire chez les ruminants." INRAE Productions Animales 9, no. 5 (October 20, 1996): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1996.9.5.4074.
Full textSAUVANT, D., and P. NOZIÈRE. "La quantification des principaux phénomènes digestifs chez les ruminants : les relations utilisées pour rénover les systèmes d’unités d’alimentation énergétique et protéique." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 4 (August 18, 2013): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.4.3162.
Full textINGRAND, S. "La digestion chez les camélidés ; comparaison avec les ruminants." INRAE Productions Animales 13, no. 3 (June 18, 2000): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.3.3778.
Full textPayment, P., and P. Hartemann. "Les contaminants de l'eau et leurs effets sur la santé." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (April 12, 2005): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705338ar.
Full textFAVERDIN, P., and C. LEROUX. "Avant-propos." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 2 (April 16, 2013): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.2.3137.
Full textPARIS, A. "Introduction." INRAE Productions Animales 19, no. 3 (May 13, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2006.19.3.3492.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Particules (matière) – Effets physiologiques"
Barbier, Emeline. "Étude des mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans la toxicité des particules ultrafines chez un modèle murin : une approche multi-organes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS063.
Full textAlthough there has been a significant reduction in air pollution since the 1990s, it remains a major public health problem, responsible for over 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide every year. At present, experts' attention is focused on ultrafine particles (PM0.1 or UFP) because of their ability to translocate into the systemic circulation and reach peripheral organs, where they are likely to have a harmful impact. Nevertheless, the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of these particles is still very patchy, and most often remains focused on their main target, the lung. Thus, the main objectives of this thesis project were to provide innovative insights into the toxicokinetics (i.e., distribution/persistence) and toxicodynamics (i.e., pathophysiological mechanisms, associated cell signaling pathways) of UFP collected in urban environments, on the one hand, and the organospecific effects of UFP and the use of circulating miRNA as indicators of chronic and/or cumulative exposure to UFP in a mouse model, on the other hand. To answer these questions, Balb/cJRj mice were exposed for 3 months to various doses of UFP collected in the urban area of Lille, then analyzed in various target organs richly vascularized, and therefore directly exposed to UFP during their translocation and systemic distribution phase. The results showed that, in all target organs, the intrinsic oxidative potential of UFP undeniably induced the production of oxidative oxygen species and the activation of antioxidant defenses in sufficient quantities to restore a state of redox homeostasis, but were unable to prevent the onset of an inflammatory response in the lungs, heart and brain. Transcriptomic approaches carried out in the lungs, the target organ with the most marked deleterious effects, have suggested the deregulation of numerous signaling pathways in relation to oxidative and inflammatory responses, which constitute the central mechanisms of UFP toxicity, but also with more original toxicity mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tissue remodeling, whose modulation has also been validated from a functional point of view. These promising data could ultimately contribute to better decision-making on the reduction of UFP emissions, as well as to the updating of current regulatory standards
Rodriguez, Romain. "Etude expérimentale de la dispersion de particules ultrafines dans le sillage de modèles simplifiés de véhicules automobiles." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0032/document.
Full textAround 7 million worldwide annual death sare due to air pollution. Among all pollutants, UltrafineParticles (UFP) cause strong adverse effects. Due to road transport, UFP exposure reaches its most significant levels in urban areas. In this thesis, the aim is to assess the links between the wake flow properties of simplified car models(Ahmed bodies) and UFP number concentration fields due to exhaust emission. This study enables the knowledge about UFP exposure levels of all road users at vehicle wake scale to be better understood. Three simplified car models with three corresponding rear slant angles have been used in order to reproduce the principal wake structures of road vehicles in a wind tunnel. Thanks to an innovative data processing method, velocity measurements with two techniques(LDV/PIV) point out the major role of the rear slantangle on the model wake structures. Moreover, comparisons have been made with particle number concentration measurements of UFP in the wake of the same models. We highlighted the link between the volume of the toric recirculation region close to the rear and the vertical dispersion of UFP. Furthermore, longitudinal vortices that exist with the intermediate rear slant angle geometry play an important role on the transversal dispersion as well as on the concentration field symetry
Heliot, Amélie. "Étude de la réponse cellulaire et des Vésicules Extracellulaires produites par des macrophages primaires exposés aux particules fines (PM₂.₅)." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0522.
Full textAir pollution is a major public health problem. In 2013, The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified air pollution and fine particle (PM₂.₅), with size lower than 2.5 µm, as carcinogenic to humans (group I). PM₂.₅ are able to penetrate deeply in lungs. When PM₂.₅ settle in pulmonary alveolar, they lead to strong inflammatory response, with inflammatory mediators ans extracellular vesicles release by infiltrating or resident immune cells. In this context, this thesis included two major aims : i) evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of PM₂.₅ sampled in an industrial-urban site, identify their origin and study the seasonal variability of their composition ; ii) investigate the cellular response and EV produced by macrophages in response to PM₂.₅ and study EV's effects on epithelial cells. To achieve this, macrophages are exposed to PM₂.₅ collected in Dunkerque, and cellular response (oxidative stress, inflammation, polarization, miRNA) was quantified. EV released in response to PM₂.₅ exposition was isolated and characterized. Finally, epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, are exposed to EV released by exposed and non exposed macrophages to evaluate effects from this exposure (inflammation, oxidative stress, miRNA). We observed inflammation and anti-oxidant response in macrophages after PM₂.₅ exposure, as well as polarization modification. PM₂.₅ lead to increased number of EV by macrophages
Leonetti, Daniela. "Rôle des microparticules membranaires dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Crohn : effets sur la vasomotricité et les tissus cibles." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0037.
Full textMicroparticles (Mps) are membrane vesicles released during cell activation and apoptosis. High levels of Mps and the presence of vascular alterations induced by Mps have been reported in different diseases characterized by an inflammatory component. At present, the participation and the rôle of Mps in Crohn's desease (CD) are not elucidated yet. The aim of the present thesis was first to investigate whether Mps from CD patients (CDMPs) play a rôle in the regulation of endothelial finction and vascular reactivity in this intestinal bowel disease. Of importance is to correlate their rôle with respect to the state of the CD. Secondly, we pursued the evaluation of potential effects of Mps from inactive and active CD patients on different tissues including the colon one the main target tissue involved in this desease. Firstly, we showed that CD patients displayed increased levels of circulating Mps compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, CDMPs are able to induce endothelial dysfunction and vascular hyporeactivity in mouse aorta by a subtle alteration of the balance between the production of NO, metabolites from COX-2 and ROS. In the second part of this thesis, we suggested that CDMPs play a rôle in NO production and oxydative stress in different tissues, notably in the colon, and could be linked to specific signalling pathways that concern inflammatory cytokines directly involved in this pathology. In light of these results, we proposed that CDMPs can be considered as markers of endothelial dysfunction, tissue injury and inflammation and suggested a promissing possibility to consider CMPs as possible pharmacological targets of this pathology
Melki, Pamela. "Health impact of airborne particulate matter in Northern Lebanon : from a pilot epidemiological study to physico-chemical characterization and toxicological effects assessment." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0444/document.
Full textExposure to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), remains a major health risk, mainly in the developing countries. Northern Lebanon is affected by several sources of anthropogenic, urban and industrial pollution. However, no studies have examined the impact of PM₂.₅ on public health in this region. In addition, it should be noted that the toxicity mechanisms of PM₂.₅ are not fully identified. The aim of this work is to study the composition and the health impact of the atmospheric particulates in Northern Lebanon. An epidemiological survey was performed and fine particles were extracted and characterized physico-chemically and toxicologically. This study was conducted in two sites, one of which is influenced by industrial activities. Perception and epidemiological survet, conducted in two areas in Northern Lebanon, rural and industrial (310 treatable questionnaires/area), showed a relationship between annoyance, respiratory diseases and living in proximity to industrial activities. Moreover, results confirmed the interest in conducting a toxicological study in this region. Hence, to contribute to fulfill the gap of knowledge about the pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter and the mechanisms of action involved in the carcinogenicity, the study of physicochemical characteristics and toxicological endpoints of PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ from both sites were performed. Physicochemical analyses of the collected particles evidenced similar characteristics in major species. In particular, we have shown slightly higher levels of PAHs and trace metals and up to 100 times higher dioxins concentrations at the vicinity of industries. Our results evidenced the influence of numerous combustion sources (diesel, gasoline, coal and biomass burning) ; waste combustion and other industrial processes are also suspected. A more pronounced genotoxic and mutagenic potential was evidenced after exposure to particles collected at the vicinity of industries when compared to the rural ones, using the Ames fluctuation test and SOS chromotest. The effects of the collected particles are probably related to their organic composition. In order to assess the underlying toxic mechanisms, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were then exposed to different concentrations of the sampled PM₂.₅₋₀.₃. Genotoxicity mechanisms such as metabolic activation of organic compounds (CYP1A1) and consecutive DNA damages such as DNA strands breaks (yH2AX quantification by flow cytometry analysis and in-cell western assay) were induced by the two samples of PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ , with a more pronounced effect of industrial particles. Moreover, PM showed tendency to alter the DNA repair process (OGGI, NTH1, APE1, NUDT1, DNMT1, MGMT, XPA, XRRC1 gene expression and PARP1, DNMT1, OGG1 proteins expression). DNA repair mechanisms were repressed up to 48h of exposure to PM especially to the industrial influenced PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ and reactivated after 72h of exposure. The DNA damages involve bulky DNA adducts, oxidative stress damages, DNA strand breaks and methylation. These results suggest mutagenic, genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms of action involved in the carcinogenicity of fine particles, partly related to their organic composition
Desreumaux, Nicolas. "Emulsions microfluidiques et rouleurs colloïdaux : effets collectifs en matière molle forcée hors-équilibre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066071/document.
Full textEmulsions, colloidal suspensions, polymer solutions, bacterial suspensions, ... The dynamical properties of these disperse systems rely on the interplay between the microscopic structure of the dispersed phase, and the flow of the continuous phase.This thesis is devoted to the collective dynamics of suspensions driven out-of-equilibrium. The driving can take place either at the macroscopic scale (advection, uniform strength, ...) or at the microscopic scale (self-propulsion).Our goal is to understand the large scale dynamics of the suspensions on the basis of the symmetries of the interactions between the particles.Our approach is experimental. It relies on microfluidic tools to perform quantitative model experiments. In the first part of the manuscript, I focus on the dynamics of suspensions of passive particles in rigidly confined thin liquid films. In particular, I present experimental and theoretical results on the propagation of linear density waves in advected emulsions. In the second part of the manuscript, I study the collective dynamics of bidimensional assemblies of self-propelled particles embedded in a fluid at rest at infinity. I present our experimental setup based on a new propulsion mechanism for the particles. It enables us to study and understand the emergence of collective motion on the basis of the interactions between the individuals. Finally, I investigate the propagation of non-linear excitations of these assemblies of self-propelled particles in heterogeneous media
Marchetti, Benjamin. "Sédimentation de particules : effets collectifs et filaments déformables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0364/document.
Full textIn the first part, a jointed experimental and numerical study examining the influence of vortical structures on the settling of a cloud of solid spherical particles under the action of gravity at low Stokes numbers is presented. We use electro-convection to generate a two-dimensional array of controlled vortices which mimics a simplified vortical flow. Particle image-velocimetry and tracking are used to examine the motion of the cloud within this vortical flow. The cloud is modeled as a set of point-particles for which the hydrodynamic interaction is preponderant. The cloud behavior (trajectory, velocity, aspect ratio, break-up time …) is compared to the predictions of a two-way-coupling numerical simulation. In the second part, a jointed experimentally and numerical study on the dynamics of slender flexible filaments settling in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds number is presented. The equilibrium state of a flexible fiber settling in a viscous fluid is examined using a combination of macroscopic experiments, numerical simulations and scaling arguments. We identify three regimes having different signatures on this equilibrium configuration of the elastic filament: a weak deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling perpendicular to the gravity; a large deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling parallel to the gravity and an intermediate elastic reconfiguration regime where the filament deforms to adopt a shape with a smaller drag which is no longer linearly proportional to the velocity but to the square root of the velocity
Abbas, Micheline. "Auto-diffusion de particules dans un écoulement cisaillé : des interactions hydrodynamiques aux effets collisionnels." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000622/.
Full textLagrangian simulations are used to study the rheophysics of sheared suspensions of spherical particles. The effects of the fluid inertia, the Brownian diffusion and the gravity are neglected. Depending on the particle inertia characterized by the Stokes number, the suspensions are divided into two major classes. The limit of vanishingly small Stokes numbers corresponds to solid particles suspended in a very viscous fluid. The "Force Coupling Method" is used to model the direct hydrodynamic interactions controlling the dynamics of these monodisperse suspensions. This method is based on a finite multipole expansion of the velocity field perturbation induced by each particle. The motion of all the suspension particles is simultaneously coupled through the direct solution of the Stokes equations written for the carrying fluid flow. The macroscopic evolution is studied while the solid volume fraction is increased from low to moderately concentrated [φ=1-20%]. The results (velocity fluctuation, self-diffusion, velocity auto-correlation and spatial distribution of pairs. . . ) are in agreement with several former studies of the literature. We showed that the particle agitation is enhanced by increasing the concentration and leads to a diffusive behavior of the suspension. The agitation level and the characteristic diffusion time are increasing as many-body hydrodynamic interactions control the suspension dynamics. The accuracy of the method is improved by calculating the exact lubrication forces for particle pairs near contact. Hence, this allows to simulate larger suspension concentrations (up to 35%), and to quantify the effective viscosity in this regime. The model is extended to the bidisperse suspension configurations. The dependence of the statistical quantities (of both species) on the size ratio and concentration ratio is discussed for a fixed total volume fraction. For a constant concentration ratio, we obtained that an increase of the size ratio enhances (resp. Reduces) the fluctuation level of the small (resp. Large) particles. The increase large particle number induces a significant enhancement of the fluctuations and self-diffusion of both species. The suspensions characterized by moderate to high Stokes numbers are generally of gas-solid type. A hard-sphere collision model coupled with the particle Lagrangian tracking is used to simulate the suspension dynamics. The particle motion is controlled by only the drag force and particle collisions. The simulations show that the suspension properties depend strongly on the particle inertia and concentration. Increasing the Stokes number from 1 to 10 induces an enhancement of the suspension agitation by three orders of magnitude, and an evolution of the velocity distribution function from a highly peaked (close to the Dirac delta function) to a Maxwellian shape. The numerical results are compared to the predictions of two theoretical models based on the kinetic theory of granular flows adapted to moderate inertia regimes. The velocity distribution used for weakly (resp. Highly) agitated suspensions is the Dirac delta (resp. Deviated Maxwellian) function. A new prediction of the Lagrangian self-diffusion tensor is proposed and validated by the simulations results. The diffusion coefficients and solid phase viscosity are compared to the classical models used in engineering applications. The inelasticity effect on the statistical quantities is discussed as well. The conclusion of the manuscript proposes a unified approach of all the results related to the evolution of the effective viscosity in the bulk. A modification of the Force Coupling Method is proposed to properly simulate the particle inertia and hydrodynamic effects
Cachon, Fresnel Boris A. "Étude de pollution atmosphérique en Afrique Sub-Saharienne : Cas de Cotonou (Bénin) : Caractérisation physicochimique des matières particulaires d'origine urbaine et impact toxicologique sur des cellules épithéliales bronchiques humaines (BEAS-2B) cultivées in vitro." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0348/document.
Full textAir pollution and its adverse health effects have shown a growing interest in developing countries. This study deals with this subject and is one of the first conducted in African countries, particularly in Benin. Our results showed that the quality of gasoline used in cotonou was poor, characterized by the absence of additive and a high concentration of benzene. Thus, it could be responsible for the degradation of the city air quality. Therefore, particulate matter samples (PM₂․₅ and PM>₂․₅) were collected in St Michel neighborhood at Cotonou and results showed very high levels of particles in the ambient air. Physicochemical characterization of these particles revealed a presence of various chemicals compounds (ions, metals, VOCs, paraffins, PAHs, ect.) in higher proportion in PM₂․₅ than PM>₂․₅. The respiratory system, the main way of exposure to these airborne particles, was investigated through an in vitro study assessing the toxic potential of PM on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). It has been demonstrated that the two types of particules have cytotoxic properties and ability to induce gene expression of organic compounds metabolizing enzymes and to generate oxidative stress. These particles have triggered the inflammatory process through the induction of gene expression and protein secretion of cytokines, and changes in the arachidonic acid pathway (leukotrienes, prostaglandin, and thromboxane). Finally, comparative approach for PM₂․₅ sampled in three West African cities highlighted the closeness of particles characteristics in Benin, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal, and a significant contribution of road traffic emissions in the air pollution
Meziani, Ferhat. "Réactivité vasculaire et gestation : effets du facteur hypercalcémiant lié à l'hormone parathyroïdienne (PTHrP ) et des microparticules circulantes d'origine humaine." Strasbourg 1, 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/MEZIANI_Ferhat_2006.pdf.
Full textThis work aimed to investigate the effects of PTHrP/PTH1R system and human microparticles on human and animal vascular reactivity during pregnancy. We demonstrate for the first time that during pregnancy PTHrP is able to induce vasorelaxation in rat uterine and mesenteric arteries, and that a redistribution of PTH1R contributes to the local regulation of uterine hemodynamics during pregnancy. Moreover, our results shed light on the production of 8–iso Prostaglandin F2α after PTHrP addition, which blunts PTHrP(1-34) relaxation. Disorders in PTHrP/PTH1R expression may lead to utero-placental hypoperfusion and abnormal placentation during pathological pregnancy. Preeclamptic women display increased circulating levels of leukocyte and platelet-derived microparticles compared to healthy pregnants women. Microparticles from preeclamptic but not healthy pregnant women induce ex vivo vascular hyporeactivity to serotonin in human omental arteries and mouse aorta. This study provides evidence of pathophysiological relevance of preeclamptic's microparticles, associated with pro-inflammatory properties on vessels, leading to oxidative and nitrosative stress which enhances vasoconstricting products and NO. Our results shed lights on original findings concerning the vascular reactivity during gestation. PTHrP/PTH1R needs further studies in healthy or pathological human arteries. Preeclamptic's microparticles are able to induce vascular dysfunction but their precise implication in preeclampsia may be further investigated with pregnant animal models such as anti-angiogenic sFlt1-treated rats. Microparticles proteomics studies can improve our knowledge, especially in therapeutic implications
Books on the topic "Particules (matière) – Effets physiologiques"
A, Mozumder, and Hatano Y. 1939-, eds. Charged particle and photon interactions with matter: Chemical, physiochemical, and biological consequences with applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004.
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