Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Particules (matière) – Dynamique des fluides'
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Pergolizzi, Benjamin. "Étude de la dynamique des particules inertielles dans des écoulements aléatoires." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4101.
Full textThis thesis deals with the dynamics of inertial particles in non-stationary flows. Whether there are droplets in warm clouds or dust grains in circumstellar disks, such impurities decouple from the flow dynamics and distribute in a heterogeneous manner. Modeling the microphysical interactions between particles thus requires understanding and quantifying this phenomenon of preferential concentration. The origin of such heterogeneities is explained by the simultaneous presence of two mechanisms. On the one hand particles inertia make them detach by centrifugal effect from the flow vortices and concentrate in straining regions. On the other hand, as the particle dynamics is dissipative, they concentrate at long times on a fractal attractor. Such effects are generally studied separately by considering either stationary flows or flows without temporal correlation and thus where structures are absent. In this thesis, I introduce a random flow model having a finite correlation time (measured by a Kubo number) that encompasses these two cases. This approach allows me to identify and study analytically various regimes of the particle dynamics as a function of this parameter and of the Stokes number that measures particle inertia. The richness of this model gives evidence of how complex is the interference between the two mechanisms leading to preferential concentration
Aguilar, Corona Alicia. "Agitation des particules dans un lit fluidisé liquide : étude expérimentale." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001206/.
Full textBesides its interest as an industrial application in various processes, liquid fluidization builds up an interesting test case regarding the validation of two-phase flow modelling. The lack of reliable and detailed experimental data about particle agitation in this type of flow is one important motivation to this study. In this work, the random motion of mono-dispersed particles in a liquid fluidized bed has been measured and processed from video recordings, using a refractive index matching method. 3-D trajectories of coloured particles have been collected in a wide range of solid fraction, and statistical quantities have been derived in the range of high particle Reynolds number (O(10)
Touzis, Emeline. "Contribution à la formulation de produits solides : dispositif expérimental de suivi de la porosité, tortuosité et perméabilité au cours de la libération d'un soluté." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EMSE0032.
Full textThis study describes a non destructive experimental method based on following a gas displacement to give the simultaneous measurement of granular and transport properties in a loose random packing subject to dissolution of one component. Measurements are made on packing of monosized spheres for different sizes of particles and of monosized nonspherical particles in order to understand the influence of particles size and shape on porosity, tortuosity and permeability. These experiments are followed by similar measurements during a leaching process of a glass bead packing, which have been previously coated with a polymer in a fluidised bed apparatus. Thus, the gas displacement experiment allows characterising the granular packing and the use of a liquid allows the alteration of the media. The alternation of gas and liquid flows through the granular packing give an information on how the structure properties are modified during the leaching process
Abbas, Micheline. "Auto-diffusion de particules dans un écoulement cisaillé : des interactions hydrodynamiques aux effets collisionnels." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000622/.
Full textLagrangian simulations are used to study the rheophysics of sheared suspensions of spherical particles. The effects of the fluid inertia, the Brownian diffusion and the gravity are neglected. Depending on the particle inertia characterized by the Stokes number, the suspensions are divided into two major classes. The limit of vanishingly small Stokes numbers corresponds to solid particles suspended in a very viscous fluid. The "Force Coupling Method" is used to model the direct hydrodynamic interactions controlling the dynamics of these monodisperse suspensions. This method is based on a finite multipole expansion of the velocity field perturbation induced by each particle. The motion of all the suspension particles is simultaneously coupled through the direct solution of the Stokes equations written for the carrying fluid flow. The macroscopic evolution is studied while the solid volume fraction is increased from low to moderately concentrated [φ=1-20%]. The results (velocity fluctuation, self-diffusion, velocity auto-correlation and spatial distribution of pairs. . . ) are in agreement with several former studies of the literature. We showed that the particle agitation is enhanced by increasing the concentration and leads to a diffusive behavior of the suspension. The agitation level and the characteristic diffusion time are increasing as many-body hydrodynamic interactions control the suspension dynamics. The accuracy of the method is improved by calculating the exact lubrication forces for particle pairs near contact. Hence, this allows to simulate larger suspension concentrations (up to 35%), and to quantify the effective viscosity in this regime. The model is extended to the bidisperse suspension configurations. The dependence of the statistical quantities (of both species) on the size ratio and concentration ratio is discussed for a fixed total volume fraction. For a constant concentration ratio, we obtained that an increase of the size ratio enhances (resp. Reduces) the fluctuation level of the small (resp. Large) particles. The increase large particle number induces a significant enhancement of the fluctuations and self-diffusion of both species. The suspensions characterized by moderate to high Stokes numbers are generally of gas-solid type. A hard-sphere collision model coupled with the particle Lagrangian tracking is used to simulate the suspension dynamics. The particle motion is controlled by only the drag force and particle collisions. The simulations show that the suspension properties depend strongly on the particle inertia and concentration. Increasing the Stokes number from 1 to 10 induces an enhancement of the suspension agitation by three orders of magnitude, and an evolution of the velocity distribution function from a highly peaked (close to the Dirac delta function) to a Maxwellian shape. The numerical results are compared to the predictions of two theoretical models based on the kinetic theory of granular flows adapted to moderate inertia regimes. The velocity distribution used for weakly (resp. Highly) agitated suspensions is the Dirac delta (resp. Deviated Maxwellian) function. A new prediction of the Lagrangian self-diffusion tensor is proposed and validated by the simulations results. The diffusion coefficients and solid phase viscosity are compared to the classical models used in engineering applications. The inelasticity effect on the statistical quantities is discussed as well. The conclusion of the manuscript proposes a unified approach of all the results related to the evolution of the effective viscosity in the bulk. A modification of the Force Coupling Method is proposed to properly simulate the particle inertia and hydrodynamic effects
Bodelin, Pierre. "Caractérisation de la structure d'écoulement dans la colonne d'un lit fluidisé circulant et application aux mélanges de particules." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD676.
Full textLyu, Jinming. "Modélisation numérique de la dynamique de particules molles en microcanaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDM0002.
Full textVesicles are a model system for understanding the dynamical behavior of a closed soft particle such as red blood cells (RBCs) in flows. The inextensible lipid bilayer membrane of a vesicle admits resistance to the bending elasticity, and its large surface-area-to-volume ratio allows the vesicle to exhibit remarkable shape changes in the dynamics even in a simple flow. Significant progress has been made over the past decades in understanding vesicle dynamics in unbounded Stokes flows. This manuscript deals with the numerical investigation of shape transition and lateral migration of 3D vesicles in wall-bounded Stokes flows by means of an isogeometric finite-element method (FEM) and boundary-element method (BEM). Starting from a previously reported isogeometric FEM-BEM simulations of the dynamics of soft particles (drops, capsule, and vesicle) in Stokes flows in free space, the original code is developed to account for microchannel walls of arbitrary cross-section. The present work focuses on the dynamics of a vesicle that is transported through a circular tube in a pressure-driven flow. First, we investigate typical vesicle shapes, different lateral migration modes, and flow structure onto vesicle membrane versus three independent dimensionless parameters, namely, the reduced volume, the confinement, and the (bending) capillary number. Shape transitions and the phase diagram of stable shapes for several reduced volumes are obtained in the (confinement, capillary number) space, showing an extension of the set of vesicle morphologies and rich vesicle dynamics owing to the intricate interplay among the tube wall, hydrodynamic stresses, and membrane bending. Secondly, we study, via an axisymmetric BEM, the hydrodynamics under high confinements in which the shape of the vesicle is expected to maintain axisymmetry. A particular emphasis is given to the prediction of the vesicle mobility and the extra pressure drop caused due to the presence of the vesicle, the latter having implications in the rheology of a dilute suspension. In addition, based on the numerical results of limiting behavior of quantities of interest near maximal confinement, we give various scaling laws to infer, for example, the vesicle velocity, its length, and the thickness of lubrication film. Finally, we present a coupled, hybrid continuum–coarse-grained model for the study of RBCs in fluid flows. This model is based on a combination of the vesicle model with a network of springs with fixed connectivity, representing the cytoskeleton. Numerical results show that this two-component vesicle–cytoskeleton model isable to extract the mechanical properties of RBCs and predict its dynamics in fluid flows
Kaufmann, André. "Vers la simulation des grandes échelles en formulation Euler-Euler des écoulements réactifs diphasiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000131/.
Full textKaufmann, André Cuenot Bénédicte. "Vers la simulation des grandes échelles en formulation Euler-Euler des écoulements réactifs diphasiques." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000131.
Full textPétrissans, Anélie. "Sur les modèles stochastiques lagrangiens de suivi de particules dans un champ turbulent et leur application en écoulements gaz-solide confinés." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10194.
Full textThis work lies on the Lagrangian approach of particle dispersion in a turbulent flow. The fluid turbulent motion at the discrete particle location is predicted using a stochastic model based on the knowledge of the autocorrelation coefficient of the fluid " seen " by the particle. The proposed stochastic model ARMA(2,1) is consistent with Wang and Stock's analytical form (1993) describing the autocorrelation function of the fluid seen. A parametric study of the particle dispersion in a homogeneous, isotropic stationary turbulent flow has shown that a non-linear drag force can make the particle anisotropy more pronounced. Our study has been extended to gas-solid pipe flows. Several dispersion models have been compared. We have put emphasis that in the case of small particles it is very important to correctly model the non homogeneous character of the turbulent flow
Djeddou, Mokhtar. "Étude de la dynamique des polluants particulaires dans un habitacle automobile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0231.
Full textAir pollution, especially that caused by fine and ultrafine particles, has significant deleterious effects on human health. Several studies have established a direct link between exposure to particulate pollution and various respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Within vehicles, the threat is even more concerning due to the significant concentrations of particulate pollutants recorded. Therefore, improving air quality inside vehicle cabins is now a major priority for automotive manufacturers. In this context, this study aims to understand the interior environment of vehicles by characterizing the spatial distribution of pollutants, particularly fine and ultrafine particles, as a function of their size and parameters such as flow topology and turbulence level. This knowledge will be crucial for targeting localized air purification solutions, optimizing the placement of the micro-sensors that will equip future vehicles, and providing solutions for the more effective management of filtration systems as a function of the distribution and concentrations of these particles in the car cabin. First, special attention was devoted to modeling the single-phase flow. Two numerical modeling approaches have been adopted: the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) approach, based on solving the mean flow fields of the Navier-Stokes equations, and the LES (Large Eddy Simulation) approach, which involves solving the large structures containing the major part of the kinetic energy and modeling the contributions of the smaller scales. In the case of the RANS approach, various closure models, of first- and second-order, have been tested and compared. Furthermore, the turbulence structure of the flow inside the car cabin has been analyzed using Lumley's Anisotropy Invariant Mapping method (AIM). Finally, to validate the results of the numerical models, a velocity field measurement campaign, based on hot-wire anemometry technique, was conducted inside the cabin of an SUV-type car. Next, the dynamics of particulate pollutants in the car cabin was studied using the Diffusion-Inertia Model (DIM). This Eulerian model of inertial particle diffusion takes into account various transport mechanisms, including transport by the mean field, the effect of volume forces (i.e., gravity), particle deviation from fluid streamline (centrifugal effects), Brownian and turbulent diffusion, and turbophoresis or transport by turbulent kinetic energy gradients. The model was first validated on standard configurations such as dispersion in small-scale ventilated enclosures, deposition in 90° circular bends, and particle transport in a round jet flow. The model was then applied to simulate particle transport inside a large-scale vehicle. The influence of particle size on internal concentration fields was first analyzed. Then, the influence of passenger presence was studied. Finally, a particle concentration measurement campaign was conducted in the cabin to assess the relevance of the two-phase model. This study has led to the development of a complete model for simulating the dispersion of particulate pollutants inside a car cabin based on ventilation conditions and particle characteristics
Abbas, Micheline Climent Éric Simonin Olivier. "Auto-diffusion de particules dans un écoulement cisaillé des interactions hydrodynamiques aux effets collisionnels /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000622.
Full textNguyen, Minh Chau. "Hydrodynamic transport phenomena in suspension of microalgae : particle separation using pulsatile flow." Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP7174.
Full textParticle separation is an important requirement in chemistry, physics, biology, medical domains and biotechnology. For instance, the conventional biomass harvesting which is one of the key steps in production of biofuels from non-feed stocks such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, is a complex and costly process (20-30% of total cost) due to the small size and low-density difference of the photosynthesis microorganisms and their growth media. Thus, novel low-cost techniques are required to substitute or improve the downstream separation process. While a variety of active and passive techniques have been proposed for the separation process in steady flows, pulsatile flow has received much less attention. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of flow pulsation on the separation of particles in a double Y-microchannel. Only one of the two entering flows contains the particles and the separation efficiency is defined as the ratio of the particles escaping from the opposite outlet to the total number of particles. Dead and motile cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are used as passive and active particles, respectively. Both experiments and simulations are carried out for each part of the study. The key results can be summarized as follows: For passive particles: - When the inlet flows are in a steady regime, the only parameter that allows controlling the particle separation/distribution is the ratio between the flow rates at the inlets. The separation efficiency increases with increasing this ratio. To approach the maximum efficiency (0.5), this ratio should be more than 20, which is not always practical. - When the inlet flows are pulsating with a phase shift, adjusting the phase shift between the inlet flows can control the separation efficiency. - When 0.5 < pulsation amplitude < 2 and 1 s < pulsation period < 10 s, the separation efficiency increases with the phase shift such that phi = 180° gives the highest efficiency. A similar trend can be observed for higher values of amplitude (like beta = 5) only if the pulsation period is small enough. For active particles: - Active particles (motile cells) do not obey the control protocol imposed at the inlet of the system. The separation efficiency remains around 0.5 implying that active particles choose their exit from the microchannel randomly. Therefore, pulsation (alone) shows no advantage for separation of the active particles compared to a steady flow. - However, when the phototactic behavior of the algae is coupled with pulsatile flow features, the advantage of pulsation becomes clear. In the presence of light stimulation, the separation efficiency increases to 65% and 75% in steady and pulsatile flows respectively. Although the experiments are conducted on the well-known model alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a simplified numerical simulation demonstrated that the idea can be extended to any other active particle stimulated by an attractive or repulsive external field. Thus, the potential applications of pulsatile flow can go beyond algae harvesting to control and improve separation, selection or accumulation processes without using any mechanical component or chemical substance
Mihiretie, Besira. "Effets mécaniques de la lumière sur des particules anisotropes micrométriques et dynamique du mouillage à l’interface eau-air." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14813/document.
Full textWe report experiments on ellipsoidal micrometre-sized polystyrene particles. The particle aspect ratio (k) varies between about 0.2 and 8. These particles are manipulated in water by means of a moderately focused laser beam. We observe the levitation and the dynamical state of each particle in the laser beam, in bulk water or in contact to an interface (water-glass, water-air, water-oil). In the first part, we show that moderate-k particles are radially trapped with their long axis lying parallel to the beam. Conversely, elongated (k>3) or flattened (k<0.3) ellipsoids never come to rest, and permanently “dance” around the beam, through coupled translation-rotation motions. The dynamics are periodic or irregular (akin to chaos) depending on the particle type and beam characteristics. We propose a 2d model that indeed predicts the bifurcation between static and oscillating states. In the second part, we apply optical levitation to study the transition from total to partial wetting of the particles at the water-air interface. We show that the dynamics of the transition is about independent of particle shape, and mainly governed by the pinning-depinning mechanism of the contact line
Octau, Charlène. "Contribution à l’étude de la génération et de la dynamique de particules émises lors du freinage : application au freinage ferroviaire." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UPHF0008.
Full textThis work focuses on a multidisciplinary problem that combines the experimental characterization of particles emitted during train braking and the numerical modeling of their transport in order to predict their dynamic behavior following their generation. These particles can present a real health risk for users who commute by public transport every day, due to their submicronic size and composition. It is important to identify their specific physical characteristics (size distribution, shape, composition, etc.) but also their dynamics (ejection speed, preferential trajectory, concentration, etc.) in order to know what users can be exposed to and possibly protect themselves from. To this end, a brake test bench has been developed to generate particles under conditions representative of a typical train route and under particular braking conditions. The characteristics of the particles obtained following analysis seem to show an influence of the braking stress conditions on the characteristics of the emitted particles. These different data are essential to predict the dynamic behavior of particles, and provide input data for the implementation of numerical models simulating particle transport in the air
Sulaiman, Mostafa. "Etude par simulations numériques de l'effet d'une réaction chimique sur le transfert de matière dans un lit fixe de particules." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0114/document.
Full textWe studied the effect of a first order irreversible chemical reaction on mass transfer for two-phase flow systems in which the continuous phase is a fluid and the dispersed phase consists in catalystspherical particles. The reactive solute is transported by the fluid flow and penetrates through the particle surface by diffusion. The chemical reaction takes place within the bulk of the particle. Wehandle the problem by coupling mass balance equations for internal-external transfer with two boundary conditions: continuity of concentration and mass flux at the particle surface. We start with the case of a single isolated sphere. We propose a model to predict mass transfer coefficient (`reactive' Sherwood number) accounting for the external convection-diffusion along with internal diffusion-reaction. We validate the model through comparison with fully resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) performed by means of a boundary-fitted mesh method. For the simulation of multi-particle systems, we implemented a Sharp Interface Method to handle strong concentration gradients. We validate the implementation of the method thoroughly thanks to comparison with existing analytical solutions in case of diffusion, diffusion-reaction and by comparison with previously established correlations for convection-diffusion mass transfer. In case of convectiondiffusion- reaction, we validate the method and we evaluate its accuracy through comparisons with single particle simulations based on the boundary-fitted method. Later, we study the problem of three aligned-interacting spheres with internal chemical reaction. We propose a `reactive' Sherwood number model based on a known non-reactive prediction of mass transfer for each sphere. We validate the model by comparison with direct numerical simulations for a wide range of dimensionless parameters. Then, we study the configuration of a fixed bed of catalyst particles. We model the cup-mixing concentration profile, accounting for chemical reaction within the bed, and the mean surface and volume concentration profiles of the particles. We introduce a model for `reactive' Sherwood number that accounts for the solid volume fraction, in addition to the aforementioned effects. We compare the model to numerical simulations to evaluate its limitations
Brändle, de Motta Jorge César. "Simulation des écoulements turbulents avec des particules de taille finie en régime dense." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0020/document.
Full textMany applications and natural environment flows make use of particles (sedimentation, fluidized bed,sprays...). Particle laden flows are described correctly by numerical methods when the particles are smaller than all other spatial scales of the flow. This thesis involves the numerical simulation of a particle laden sustained homogeneous isotropic turbulence whose particle's size is larger than the Kolmogovov spatial scale. A numerical method has been developed and validated in the numerical code Thetis. The novelty of this method is the viscosity penalization approach. The particles are tracked by a Lagrangian way. The main results obtained are related to three simulations where the density ratio between the solid and the fluid varies. Each simulation reproduces the movement of 512particles whose diameter is 22 times the Kolmogorov spatial scale (3% volumetric solid fraction).The dispersion of particles is studied and has similar behavior than those observed with point particles simulations. The collision regime is also investigated. It is shown that he number of frontal collision is lower than its estimate for kinetic theory of gazes because there is a correlation between the particles velocity and the surrounding fluid. The modification of the collision regime when the lubrication film between particles at collision is taken into account is studied. Finally, the averaged flow around particles is analyzed and shows that there is a dissipation layer around particles
Li, Xiaozhao. "Étude numérique du mouvement et de la déformation d'une capsule suspendue dans un écoulement visqueux." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD088.
Full textFeia, Sadok. "Effet de l’injection d’eau de production sur la perméabilité des réservoirs pétroliers non cimentés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1052/document.
Full textHydraulic damage and plugging of the granular structure of oil reservoirs are commonly observed during the re-injection of produced water. These phenomena can lead to a significant decrease of the reservoir permeability around the injectors and affect the injectivity of these wells. The objective of this thesis is to study the transport and deposition process of solid particles in a sand reservoir and its influence on the permeability of the medium. We also study the influence of certain parameters such as particle concentration, injection flow rate, the size of injected particles, the pore size of the medium and the surface roughness of the grains. The aim of this work is to propose a predictive model of transport-deposition-damage in order to estimate the durability of the system. For this purpose, an experimental program was conducted on the transport and deposition process of the siliceous particles of size of a few microns in dense sand specimens. These tests were carried out on three different devices; two one-dimensional injection devices (injection column and injection cell) and a radial injection device in “chambre d'étalonnage” in order to simulate the injection wells conditions. In these tests, the flow conditions are controlled and the concentration of particles in the suspension is imposed. During injection, the monitoring of the evolution of pore pressure is carried out using pressure sensors located in different places in the medium. The particle concentration in the outgoing fluid is measured using a turbidimeter installed at the outlet. The experimental study carried out under different conditions allowed to highlight a highly heterogeneous particle deposition in the porous medium. This heterogeneity results in the formation of an internal and/or external cake in the vicinity of the injection point. The analysis of this cake shows a double porosity medium with two pore families corresponding to the internal porosity of the agglomerates formed by the deposited particles and porosity of the sand gradually reduced by the particles deposition. A parametric study permitted to show a distinction between the effect of low and high particles concentrations, as well as the importance of the effect of injection flow rate, the pore size, the particle size of the suspension and the roughness of the surface of the grains. This experimental work is associated with modelling of transport and deposition of particle in a porous medium. We used first the convection model in which a constitutive law describing the particle deposition takes into account the effects of the deposited particles concentration and the release of particles. The parameters of the particle deposition constitutive law as well as an empirical porosity-permeability law have been calibrated by simulation of the results of injection tests performed in the injection cell under different conditions. A semi-analytical model based on the Eylander (1988) model was developed in which we take into account a spatial distribution of the deposited particles and a double porosity of the medium (cake and granular medium). This distribution is inspired from the results if convection model studied before. The simulation of the results of injection experiments permitted to show the performances of this model for prediction of the pore pressure evolution during the fluid injection. This model allows prediction of the permeability evolution in a simpler and directly applicable manner in the reservoir engineering
Lefèvre, Delphine. "Étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation de la filtration lors de l'écoulement d'une résine chargée de particules à travers un renfort fibreux dans les technologies LCM." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10144.
Full textLouvet, Nicolas. "Étude multi-échelles du transport de particules dans les mousses liquides." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541198.
Full textFeliachi, Ouassim. "From Particles to Fluids : A Large Deviation Theory Approach to Kinetic and Hydrodynamical Limits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1063.
Full textThe central problem of statistical physics is to understand how to describe a system with macroscopic equations, which are usually deterministic, starting from a microscopic description, which may be stochastic. This task requires taking at least two limits: a “large N ” limit and a “local equilibrium” limit. The former allows a system of N particles to be described by a phase-space distribution function, while the latter reflects the separation of time scales between the fast approach to local equilibrium and the slow evolution of hydrodynamic modes. When these two limits are taken, a deterministic macroscopic description is obtained. For both theoretical and modeling reasons (N is large but not infinite, the time-scale separation is not perfect), it is sometimes important to understand the fluctuations around this macroscopic description. Fluctuating hydrodynamics provides a framework for describing the evolution of macroscopic, coarse-grained fields while taking into account finite- particle-number induced fluctuations in the hydrodynamic limit. This thesis discusses the derivation of fluctuating hydrodynamics from the microscopic description of particle dynamics. The derivation of the fluctuating hydrodynamics is twofold. First, the “large N” limit must be refined to account for fluctuations beyond the average behavior of the system. This is done by using large deviation theory to establish kinetic large deviation principles that describe the probability of any evolution path for the empirical measure beyond the most probable path described by the kinetic equation. Then, the fluctuating hydrodynamics is derived by studying the hydrodynamical limit of the kinetic large deviation principle, or the associated fluctuating kinetic equation. This dissertation discusses this program and its application to several physical systems ranging from the dilute gas to active particles
Seguin, Antoine. "De la pénétration en milieu granulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727081.
Full textChâteau, Joris. "Fragmentation d'une suspension de particules solides." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0367.
Full textThis thesis address the fragmentation of a media which is itself divided, which is is this case a viscous liquid containing solid beads or fibers that are only interacting through mechanical contacts. Experiments on capillary bridges and elongated capillary jets are carried out in order to distinguish a Newtonian elongation from a catastrophic break-up, the latter resulting from the discrete size effects. The stretching regime is determined by an elongational viscosity, indistinguishable from shear viscosity in the case of the beads, and in agreement from existing theories for aligned fibers in the jet. The break-up is characterized by the diameter at which it occurs. All these elements allow to explain the length of a jet of suspension, measured over a wide range of debits, liquid viscosity and beads diameter, for the viscous and inertial stretching and regimes where capillary effects dominates or are screened by finite size effects. They will be useful for the understanding of the droplets sizes produced during the fragmentation, documented in this manuscript
Jung, Jennifer. "Application des fluides supercritiques à la génération de particules." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL106N.
Full textThis study concems different processes using supercritical fluids for micronization of actives. Three fields being particularly problematic in the pharmaceutical industry were investigated. The first domain to be examined is the processing of molecules having a low solubility in aqueous media. To solve this problem, the RESS and ASES processes were used and allowed to produce submicronic particles with various shape and structure. Experimental results confirmed that particle size reduction helps to enhance the dissolution kinetic. Additionaly, two new processes, based on complexation with cyclodextrine derivatives, were successfully developed to increase water solubility of low-soluble molecules. In a second step, an original process allowed to form microparticles of protein with controlled delivery. By changing process parameters, delivery could be delayed from minutes to hours while protein activity was conserved. In a last part, a new process using emulsions was tested to form fine biomolecules particles using aqueous solutions. The combination of the emulsion and the supercritical fluid advantages allowed to produce dry particles while keeping their activity
Hajjar, Ahmad. "Analytical, numerical, and experimental investigations of particle transport in fractures with flat and corrugated walls." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0198/document.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is to study the transport and deposition of small solid particles in fracture flows. First, single-phase fracture ow is investigated in order to assess the validity of the local cubic law for modeling ow in corrugated fractures. Channels with sinusoidal walls having different geometrical properties are considered to represent different fracture geometries. It is analytically shown that the hydraulic aperture of the fracture clearly deviates from its mean aperture when the walls roughness is relatively high. The finite element method is then used to solve the continuity and the Navier-Stokes equations and to simulate fracture ow in order to compare with the theoretical predictions of the local cubic law for Reynolds numbers Re in the range 0.067-67. The results show that for low Re, typically less than 15, the local cubic law can properly describe the fracture ow, especially when the fracture walls have small corrugation amplitudes. For Re higher than 15, the local cubic law can still be valid under the conditions that the fracture presents a low aspect ratio, small corrugation amplitude, and moderate phase lag between its walls. Second, particle-laden flows are studied. An analytical approach has been developed to show how particles sparsely distributed in steady and laminar fracture flows can be transported for long distances or conversely deposited inside the channel. More precisely, a rather simple particle trajectory equation is established. Based on this equation, it is demonstrated that when particles' inertia is negligible, their behavior is characterized by the fracture geometry and by a dimensionless number W that relates the ratio of the particles sedimentation terminal velocity to the ow mean velocity. The proposed particle trajectory equation is verified by comparing its predictions to particle tracking numerical simulations taking into account particle inertia and resolving the full Navier-Stokes equations. The equation is shown to be valid under the conditions that ow inertial effects are limited. Based on this trajectory equation, regime diagrams that can predict the behavior of particles entering closed channel flows are built. These diagrams enable to forecast if the particles entering the channel will be either deposited or transported till the channel outlet. Finally, an experimental apparatus that was designed to have a practical assessment of the analytical model is presented. Preliminary experimental results tend to verify the analytical model. Overall, the work presented in this thesis give new insights on the behavior of small particles in fracture flows, which may improve our prediction and control of underground contamination, and may have applications in the development of new water filtration and mineral separation techniques
Sarrot, Vincent. "Capture de fines particules par des inclusions fluides." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000189/.
Full textThis study focuses on the collision mechanism between a spherical bubble and particles when the particle diameter remains less than some percents of the bubble diameter. This situation corresponds to the first step of the particle capture in flotation processes. The efficiency determination is based on experimental measurements and Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). Experimentally, a single bubble flotation cell has been build for the purpose of measuring capture efficiency. Small spherical bubbles are created by a capillary tube and then arise through a suspension capturing glass particles. Captured particles are recovered by overflow and are counted in a particle counter. Results are analysed and the magnitude is favorably compared to those of Ralston et al. (1999a). Efficiencies exhibit a general decreasing trend with particle to bubble diameters ratio dp/db, in opposition to the trend analytically predicted by collision efficiency models in litterature. This effect seems to be due to wetting properties of particles. Numerically, the flow around the bubbles is computed and particle trajectories determined. Particle with Stokes number less than 1 follow the streamlines. In this case, the collision efficiency only depends on the shape of the streamlines and on the size of the particles. Numerical simulations have been performed over large parameter ranges (particle to bubble diameters ratio, Reynolds number of the bubble and the degree of contamination of the bubble surface). The collision efficiency is found to increase with the Reynolds number and significantly decrease with the level of contamination. For clean (respectively fully contaminated) spherical bubbles, the efficiency evolves as dp/db (respectively (dp/db)2), whatever the bubble Reynolds number and the particle size. For partially contaminated bubbles, efficiency can be scaled with dp/db or (dp/db)2 depending on both the level of contamination and the particle size. Correlations of the numerical results are proposed for efficiencies versus dp/db, bubble Reynolds number and interface contamination degree
De, Souza David. "Dynamique de sédimentation de particules." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAE003.
Full textThe dynamics of heavy inertial particles evolving in a fluid are of interest in many fields.They are found both in nature (water droplets in clouds, sediments in rivers and in the oceans, planetary accretion disks) and in human activities and technological applications (fuel drops in combustion chambers, chemical reactors).These systems are complex, their modelling using often strong simplifying hypotheses, and experimental data is still required in their study.A large range of behaviours can be found in such dispersed two-phase flows.This work focuses on two of these.The first is clustering, or the observation that particles accumulate in specific regions and leave others void.The second is settling velocity alteration, as particles have been observed to fall either faster or slower than in a quiescent fluid.These two phenomena are intertwined, and depend on parameters like the size and density of the particles, what the carrier phase is (water or air usually) and whether it is in a quiescent or turbulent state.An experimental device was built in which small (diameters of at most 200 µm) solid particles settle in water.Particles of various densities have been separated by size by sieving.This allows access to a large variety of particle properties.An easy to implement double-measurement technique allowing simultaneous measurements of particle and fluid velocities was developed, providing insight into particle-fluid interactions that was seldomly achieved in previous works.Increases of the settling velocity of particles falling in a quiescent fluid have been observed and could be attributed to the development of a flow that pushes the particles down.Voronoï analysis were also performed, but could not confirm with certainty whether particles formed clusters or not.This work gives interesting data, relevant in the study of particles settling in quiescent fluids in closed spaces.It also provides a reference point for future works where turbulence will be added to the system
Benabed, Ahmed. "Contribution à l’étude de la remise en suspension de particules générée par le pas humain au sein d’une ambiance du bâtiment." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS034/document.
Full textThis thesis work is part of indoor air particle pollution theme and more particularly the phenomenon of walking-induced particle resuspension. The first part presents a state of the art knowledge of particulate pollution. The different experimental parameters that influence the particles resuspension, as well as the coefficients used for the phenomenon quantification, are identified. The various mechanical and aerodynamic disturbances generated during person walking are presented and compared. We end the first part with a presentation of the different particles resuspension models. The second part is dedicated to present the experiment made on a small scale model developed at the LaSIE laboratory in La Rochelle to study particles deposition and resuspension by amechanical simulator of the human step from a particle-laden soil. This study classified the different types of surfaces used in the building according to their particulate emissions after the mechanical simulator impact. The third part of the work consists of measuring the airflow velocities generated by an automated mechanical simulator of the human footstep at different locations. The velocity measurements have been done in the Royal Military Academy at Brussels (RMA) by three types of methods widely used in the field of fluid mechanics : two methods of Laser Velocimetry (Particle Image Velocimetry and Laser Doppler Velocimetry), but also a method of Wire Anemometry. These measurements allowed us to find the high-speed zone that corresponds to the area where we have a significant resuspension. We also studied the influence the surface roughness on the flow velocities generated near the ground following the movement of the mechanical simulator. We have shown that the influence of the surface roughness on the speed of the flow generated by the pitch is marginal. Finally, we analytically studied the detachment of particles using a model based on the momentum balance. Perspectives on both the improvement of the two models set up in LaSIE and the RMA, as well as the development of a numerical code to simulate the human step, are presented and argued in conclusion
Champagne, Nicolas. "Dynamique de trafic dans des réseaux microfluidiques modèles : embouteillages, chocs et avalanches." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077204.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the transport of particles in confined geometries. An original approach is developed, based on new home-made microfluidic tools. First, we study the traffic of particles in microfluidic obstacles networks. Due to hydrodynamics interactions between particles, we show that the traffic dynamics is a nonlinear process: the particle current does not scale with the particle density, We also establish that there exists a maximal current above which no stationary particle flow can be sustained. Then, we study the dynamic response of 1D droplet streams to finite-amplitude longitudinal perturbations. We experimentally and theoretically show that the nonlinear constitutive equation relating particle current to particle density leads to Burgers equation for the droplet stream density, Afterwards, we focus on the flow resulting from high current values in a 2D obstacles network, We observe an intermittent dynamics with avalanche phenomena. To rationalize this, we develop a numerical code close to a cellular automaton. This numerical model turns out to be effective to represent the flow of confined particles in a network of pipes. To conclude, we present the start of an experimental work, It consists in flowing a 2D crystal of solid particles. In such a configuration, hydrodynamic interactions seem to destabilize the lattice of any 2D crystals
Zaboubi, Belkacem. "Traitement thermique en continu des fluides chargés en grosses particules." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD785.
Full textLiu, Yi. "Modélisation 3D des écoulements et du transport solide dans un bassin à cavités." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD015/document.
Full textThe investigation on sediment transport in tanks is mainly for optimizing the design of tank in stormwater system and sewers. The flow pattern is the primary factor controlling the movement of particle. Therefore, the emphasis of this investigation is to determine the flow pattern and estimate the deposition of particle. Both computational fluid dynamics and experimental methods are applied to accomplish the research. Numerical simulation are processed by using three different geometries, where a volume of fluid model is applied for tracking the free-surface and a discrete phase model is used for calculation of particle trajectory, and an user defined function based on Shields curve is implemented to the boundary for improving the simulation on sedimentation. A series of experiments are carried out in a rectangular tank with a cavity, where velocity measurements are finished for experiments under different conditions and the sediment deposition is recorded. The comparison between numerical simulation and experimental results show better agreement in the prediction of flow, the improvement on particle deposition needs further modification in the particle tracking model
Elmi, Robleh Hassan. "Modélisation numérique des écoulements pulmonaires." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766647.
Full textFunfschilling, Denis. "Dynamique de bulles dans des fluides rhéologiquement complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_FUNFSCHILLING_D.pdf.
Full textMahaut, Fabien. "Comportement rhéologique de suspensions de particules non colloïdales plongées dans des fluides à seuil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1080.
Full textWe study rheological behaviour of non colloïdal particles suspensions embedded in yield stress fluids. We focus on strictly mechanical particles influence. First, we study solid domain with a large experiment panel on model materials. We measure linear elasticity and yield stress. We found law which link suspensions properties to interstitial fluids one and monodisperses particles concentration for an isotropic distribution. We compare our results to a homogenization approach by Chateau et al. which give us a very simple law between linear and non linear properties. This approach could predict the yield stress variation as a function of particles concentration with a very good agreement. Then, we validate this approach on a model mortar (glass beads in a thixotropic cement paste). In a second part, we explore liquid domain and characterize flowing behaviour of a yield stress model fluid, an emulsion, as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid with an exponent n =½. We show that this law still applicable for particles suspension in this emulsion with the same Herschel-Bulkley exponent. Then, we measure Herschel-Bulkley consistency as a function of particles concentration and found a good agreement with a law predicted by Chateau et al. from a homogenization approach. Finally, we observe difference between stopping yield stress and starting yield stress, this difference is probably due to particles distribution
Candelier, Fabien. "Étude du mouvement libre d'une particule dans un fluide en rotation solide à faibles nombres de Reynolds : mise en évidence des forces d'histoire et d'inertie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_CANDELIER_F.pdf.
Full textThe motion of a spherical inclusion released in a vertical solid-body rotation flow is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Solid spheres, bubbles and drop are considered. The particle Reynolds number and the Taylor number nimber are smaller than unity. The motion equations of the inclusion are obtained by revisiting the hydrodynamic equations. The axial (vertical) motion and the horizontal motion are uncoupled, even though they are sensitive to the rotation rate of the flow. Analytical solutions of the particle motin equation are compared to experimental results obtained by releasing a particle in a rotating tank filled-up with silicone oil. For solid spheres and bubbles, both the terminal velocity and the particle ejection rate (or trapping rate) predicted by the theory agree with experiments, without any empirical adjustment. Ln particular, the experimental device enables to check the validity of various theories involving solid or fluid inclusions with or without inertia or history effects. Ln agreement with Miyazaki's theory (1995), the mobility tensor of Herron, Davis and Bretherton (1975), obtained by writing the fluid motion equations in the rotating frame, accurately predicts the horizontal particle trajectory, like the Boussinesq-Basset equation obtained by writing the fluid motion equations in the non-rotating frame and neglecting the horizontal contribution of inertia effects
Lenoble, Marie. "Ecoulement et ségrégation dans des pâtes granulaires modèle." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13039.
Full textCaussin, Jean-Baptiste. "Dynamique collective de particules auto-propulsées : ondes, vortex, essaim, tressage." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0996/document.
Full textThe emergence of coherent motion at large scale has been widely observed in animal populations (bird flocks, fish schools, bacterial swarms...) and more recently in artificial systems. Such ensembles of self-propelled individuals, capable of aligning their velocities, are commonly referred to as polar active materials. They display unique physical properties, which we investigate in this theoretical thesis.We first describe a population of self-propelled colloids. In strong connection with the experiments, we model the dynamics from the individual level to the macroscopic scale. The theoretical results account for the emergence and the structure of coherent patterns: (i)~transition to collective motion, (ii)~propagation of polar spatial structures, (iii)~damping of density fluctuations in a polar liquid, (iv)~heterogeneous vortex in confined geometries.We then follow a more formal perspective, and study the non-linear excitations which propagate in polar active systems. We analyze the hydrodynamic theories of active matter using a dynamical-system framework. This approach makes it possible to rationalize the experimental and numerical observations reported so far.Finally, we propose a complementary approach to characterize active populations. Combining numerical and analytical results, we study the geometric properties of the individual trajectories and their entanglement within three-dimensional flocks. We suggest that these observables should provide powerful tools to describe animal flocks in the wild
Tannous, Katia. "Contribution à l'étude hydrodynamique des lits fluidisés de grosses particules." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT065G.
Full textDevals, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de l'interaction ondes de choc - particules." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0021.
Full textThis study takes place within the context of solid propulsion rocket infrared signature in supersonic flight. The aim of this present work is to study the two-phase flow exhaust plume jet at the exit of the nozzle
Depardon, Sébastien. "Analyse topologique d'écoulements complexes : utilisation de la vélocimétrie par imagerie de particules pour une approche quantitative." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2280.
Full textThis thesis presents a topological analysis of 3-D bluff body flows. The skin-friction pattern topology around a wall-mounted cube is studied. Near-wall PIV is a valuable tool for this purpose, conbining the advantages of both global/qualitative and analytical/quantitative approaches of 3D separation. The 3D mean flow topology is extrapolated from an iterative analysis of the shear-stress pattern. A post-processing strategy of instantaneous velocity fields is also presented. Based on POD, automated critical point detection and topology classification algorithms, it enables to extract large scale dynamic behaviors of the flow from insufficiently time-resolved datasets. These methods are then applied to an industrial case : the analysis of the flow around a 1/4 scale car model. Not only is the extrapolation of the 3D flow structure from near-wall PIV data addressed, but also the link between near-wall topology and the wall-pressure distribution (i. E. Aerodynamic forces)
Cardot, Jérôme. "Adhésion et détachement de particules en contact avec une surface sous écoulement d'air : application aux milieux fibreux." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT024H.
Full textFavelier, Thomas Michard Marc. "Couplage de la vélocimétrie par images de particules en deux temps avec la décomposition en modes propres pour la caractérisation d'un écoulement." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/08/04/73/PDF/These_Favelier.pdf.
Full textAnsart, Renaud Dodds John Ryck Alain de. "Émission de poussières lors de la manipulation de poudre interaction entre les particules en mouvement et l'air ambiant /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000594.
Full textGiuriato, Umberto. "Dynamique des particules actives dans les superfluides et leur interaction avec les vortex quantiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4062.
Full textSuperfluids are inviscid flows in which vorticity is supported on filaments with quantized circulation. Such objects, known as quantum vortices, exhibit a hydrodynamical behavior. Experimentally, the dynamics of superfluids has been studied by using particles, which nowadays have become the main tool for visualizing quantum vortices. In this Thesis, we study numerically and analytically the dynamics of active and finite-size particles in superfluids. The superfluid is modeled with the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, while the particles are implemented as moving repulsive potentials coupled with the macroscopic wave function describing the superfluid. Firstly, the model is used to investigate the interaction between particles and quantum vortices at very low temperatures. This part aims to give a theoretical background to the current experiments in which macroscopic particles are used to sample superfluid vortices and quantum turbulence. Specifically, we address the following problems: the capture of a particle by a quantum vortex, the reconnections of vortex filaments and the propagation of Kelvin waves in presence trapped particles and the dynamics of particles in decaying quantum turbulence. In the last part of the manuscript, finite temperature effects are studied in the Fourier-truncated Gross–Pitaevskii model. The goal is to characterize the dynamics of impurities immersed in a thermal bath and how their presence modifies the statistical properties of the fluid. In particular, the random motion of the impurities and the temperature dependence of the friction coefficient are studied. Finally, the clustering of impurities and its effect on the phase transitions of the condensate are investigated
Mergheni, Mohamed Ali. "Interactions particules - turbulence dans un jet axisymétrique diphasique turbulent." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES067.
Full textDehghani, Kiadehi Atena. "Development of a new technique for determining the RTD of a dispersed solid phase and its application in a deep fluidized bed." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2491.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is to develop a novel experimental technique for determining the residence time distribution (RTD) of solid particles in solid unit operations as well as model development. Initially, a novel optical method was developed to measure the particle RTD. Experiments are carried out with Silicon Carbide (SiC) and the pigment phosphorescent (Lumilux® Green SN-F50 WS) as tracer particle. A preliminary experimental study was conducted in a simple bubbling fluidized bed in order to validate the proposed RTD measurement methodology. In the second step, the developed technique of the concentration measurement was applied to measure the RTD of a deep fluidized bed. The particle RTD curves are determined experimentally in different operating conditions. Finally, a model consisting of the combination of the ideal reactors is proposed to predict the particle residence time distribution in the studied fluidized bed. The predicted output values are then compared with the experimental data to establish a good model fitting data
Funfschilling, Pascale. "Investigation par un écoulement de Couette de la réponse fréquentielle des sondes électrochimiques et de la floculation de particules en suspension." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL564N.
Full textBelaubre, Nicolas. "Etude de la dégradation de suspensions de grosses particules fragiles lors d'un traitement thermique en continu et en cuves mécaniquement agitées." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0185_BELAUBRE.pdf.
Full textCondoret, Jean-Stéphane. "Etude des transferts en écoulement pulsé dans un lit de particules." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT011G.
Full textDesreumaux, Nicolas. "Emulsions microfluidiques et rouleurs colloïdaux : effets collectifs en matière molle forcée hors-équilibre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066071/document.
Full textEmulsions, colloidal suspensions, polymer solutions, bacterial suspensions, ... The dynamical properties of these disperse systems rely on the interplay between the microscopic structure of the dispersed phase, and the flow of the continuous phase.This thesis is devoted to the collective dynamics of suspensions driven out-of-equilibrium. The driving can take place either at the macroscopic scale (advection, uniform strength, ...) or at the microscopic scale (self-propulsion).Our goal is to understand the large scale dynamics of the suspensions on the basis of the symmetries of the interactions between the particles.Our approach is experimental. It relies on microfluidic tools to perform quantitative model experiments. In the first part of the manuscript, I focus on the dynamics of suspensions of passive particles in rigidly confined thin liquid films. In particular, I present experimental and theoretical results on the propagation of linear density waves in advected emulsions. In the second part of the manuscript, I study the collective dynamics of bidimensional assemblies of self-propelled particles embedded in a fluid at rest at infinity. I present our experimental setup based on a new propulsion mechanism for the particles. It enables us to study and understand the emergence of collective motion on the basis of the interactions between the individuals. Finally, I investigate the propagation of non-linear excitations of these assemblies of self-propelled particles in heterogeneous media