Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Particules de polymère'
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Quievryn, Caroline. "Incorporation de nano particules d'oxyde de terre rare dans un polymère commercial sous forme filamentaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20206.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the main theme of the incorporation of nanoparticles of rare earth oxide (Erbium and Praseodymium) in a commercial polymer, PVC, shaped as filaments. These fibers are made using a apparatus developped in the laboratory. The spinning method used is a wet solvent spinning process. Embedded nanoparticles are first commercial particles (Er203) but they show disadvantages, which leads to a study of synthesis of oxide nanoparticles Erbium and Praseodymium in the laboratory. This study bings to a production a laboratory pilot (KiloLab) in order to obtain 3Kg of nanoparticles composed with 60 wt% of Erbium oxide and 40 wt% of Praseodymium xide. Once these particles obtained, it have been dispersed in a solution of PVC/solvent. This "loaded" solution of nanoparticles is presses through a spinneret for the shaping. The filaments are spun in a coagulation bath in order to remove the solvent from the solution and obtain the PVC filaments (mono or multi) containing the nanoparticles of Erbium or Praseodymium oxide.A second theme is also studied in this thesis, the realization of oxicarbide boron and silicon fibers (SiBOC). This study focuses on the synthesis and conditions to obtain a poly(borosiloxane) polymer. This polymer is obtained by the synthesis of the dimetyldiethoxysilane (DMDES), méthyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and the boric acid which bring the hetero atom of boron in the final ceramic. Once the sol of borosiloxane obtained, it is semi-hydrolysed until obtention af a gel that can be spun by extrusion at ambiant temperature. The filament are wrapped around a graphite bobbin. The shaped polymer is then leaved in a stove at 60°C for a week allowing to complete the hydrolysis.Once the hydrolysis complete and the polymer fully hydrolyses, the fibers are pyrolysed under argon at high temperature to transform the fiber into ceramic fibers of SiBOC
Forey, Natacha. "Mousses renforcées en polymère ou particules : application à la remédiation des sols pollués." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0311.
Full textGiven the possible environmental and health issues occurring when facing a hydrocarbon polluted site, soil remediation is necessary. One of the in-situ technique to remediate a Light Non Aqueous Phase Liquid pollution is the use of foam. Because of its blocking effect, foam is able to create a water blocking barrier, to confine water beneath the floating pollutant. However, the main issue with this technique is the stability of foam facing the oily pollutant. Several options are currently under review to reinforce foam against oil, which includes polymer or particles addition.The present study thus describes the work performed to obtain an oil-resistant foam in porous media, with the use of polymer or solid colloidal particles.In the first part of the study, foamability and stability tests were performed in bulk to select a broad range of products used to formulate such foams. Then, sandpacks experiments were realized in 1D columns in order to optimize the foam injection parameters and finalize the choice of surfactant and additives. Column experiments showed how additives impacted foam strength. Polymer addition led to an increased flow resistance without improving foam strength while particles addition proved to reinforce foam resistance against oil. Those results were then applied to carry out 2D-tank experiments to study foam displacement in a vertical two dimensions’ porous medium. The 2D tank also helped to simulate a foam injection below an oily layer and observe foam behaviour. Finally, the methodology and constrains to take into account to perform a pumping test in a 3D-pilot, were presented in the outlook section
Nguyen, Tien Binh, and Tien Binh Nguyen. "Contrôle de l'interaction polymère/particules dans les membranes à matrice mixte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31251.
Full textAu cours des dernières décennies, la technologie membranaire a montré de grandes performances dans les séparations en phase liquide telles que la production d’eau potable à partir d’eau de mer. Beaucoup d’efforts ont été faits pour étendre son application aux séparations de gaz. La séparation des composants de l’air, des gaz industriels de raffineries, la séparation et la récupération du CO2 du biogaz et du gaz naturel sont des exemples dans lesquels la technologie membranaire est appliquée au niveau industriel. La séparation par membranes a été substituée ou interfacée avec les méthodes conventionnelles telles que la distillation cryogénique pour produire de l’air enrichi en oxygène (fraction molaire >- 30%) qui est injecté dans les brûleurs industriels pour obtenir une température plus élevée, avec moins de consommation de gaz. Il est également possible d’utiliser la technologie membranaire pour capturer et recycler le CO2 émis par les gaz de combustion des centrales électriques et les aciéries pour résoudre le problème des gaz à effet de serre. Les membranes pour la séparation des gaz peuvent être classées en deux catégories principales, basées sur le matériau, polymère et inorganique, dans lesquelles les membranes polymériques sont plus populaires. Par rapport aux matériaux inorganiques, les membranes polymères présentent une meilleure facilité de traitement, une résistance mécanique et une densité de remplissage plus élevée, ce qui les rend appropriées pour des applications à grande échelle. Elles ne peuvent cependant pas supporter des températures élevées ou des agents chimiques agressifs. Leurs propriétés de séparation (perméabilité et sélectivité) peuvent être sévèrement compromises par les hydrocarbures condensables (C2+) lorsqu’elles sont appliquées dans les usines pétrochimiques, les raffineries et le traitement du gaz naturel. Pour améliorer les performances des membranes polymères, le nouveau concept, de membrane à matrice mixte (MMM), a été réalisé en dispersant des particules nanométriques ou microscopiques de matériaux inorganiques dans une matrice polymère. Dans ce travail, nous avons préparé de nouvelles MMMs en utilisant des polymères et des matériaux organo-métalliques (MOF) en tant que phases continue et dispersée, respectivement. Nous avons développé plusieurs techniques pour surmonter la faible adhérence interfaciale entre les deux phases qui diminue typiquement l’efficacité de séparation des MMM. Pour ce faire, dans la première partie de cette thèse (Chapitre 3), nous avons synthétisé des particules de MOF comportant des fonctions -NH2 et une série de polymères décorés de -OH pour la préparation de MMMs. La liaison physique entre les deux groupes fonctionnels s’est avérée améliorer nettement l’adhérence polymère/charge des MMMs obtenues ainsi que leur performance de séparation des gaz. Dans la partie suivante (Chapitre 4), nous avons introduit une modification post-synthétique pour former une liaison chimique entre le polymère et la charge dans les MMMs. Dans des conditions optimisées, un MOF fonctionnalisé portant des groupes réticulables a été amené à réagir avec un polymère déjà synthétisé contenant des extrémités de chaînes réactives pour produire, pour la première fois, des MMMs réticulées. Dans la dernière partie (Chapitre 5), nous avons décrit une nouvelle technique pour obtenir in-situ la liaison chimique polymère-charge pendant la synthèse du polymère. Dans cette technique, les particules de MOF ont été directement introduites dans le milieu de polymérisation. L’importance des liens polymère-charge a été étudiée en fonction du temps de polymérisation. Cette étude a montré une forte relation entre la qualité de l’interaction polymère-charge et les propriétés de séparation des gaz des MMMs.
In recent decades, membrane technology has shown its great performance in liquid phase separations such as production of drinking water from seawater. It has now attracted much scientific attention to expand its application to gas separations. Separation of air components, H2 from refinery industrial gases, separation and recovery of CO2 from biogas and natural gas are some examples in which the membrane technology is potentially applied at industrial level. The membrane based separation was either partially substituted or integrated with conventional methods like cryogenic distillation to product oxygen-enriched air (mole fraction 30% ) that is injected into industrial burners to obtain higher temperature with less gas consumption. It is also possible to use membrane technology to capture and recycle CO2 emitted from flue gas streams of power plants and steel mills in solving the greenhouse effect. The membranes for gas separation can be classified in two main categories, based on material, polymeric and inorganic, in which polymeric membranes are more popular. Compared to the inorganic, the polymer membranes show better processability, mechanical strength and higher packing density, hence, being suitable for large-scale applications. They cannot, however, withstand high temperatures or aggressive chemical agents. Their separation properties (permeability and selectivity) may be severely affected by condensable hydrocarbons (C2+) when they are applied in petrochemical plants, refineries and natural gas treatment. To enhance the performance of polymer membranes, a new concept, mixed matrix membrane (MMM), has been proposed by dispersing nano- or micro-sized particles of inorganic materials into a polymer matrix. In this work, we have prepared novel MMMs using polymers and metal organic framework (MOF) as the continuous and dispersed phases, respectively. We have developed several techniques to overcome the weak interfacial adhesion between the two phases that typically decreases the separation efficiency of MMMs. To do so, in the first part of this thesis (Chapter 3), we have synthesized a -NH2 included MOF particle and a series of -OH decorated polymers for MMM preparation. The physical bonding between the two functional groups was found to clearly improve the polymer/filler adhesion of the obtained MMMs as well as their gas separation performance. Then, in the following part (Chapter 4), we have introduced a post-synthetic modification to form chemical bonding between the polymer and filler within MMMs. Under optimized conditions, a functionalized MOF bearing crosslinkable groups was reacted with an as-synthesized polymer containing reactive chain-ends to produce, for the first time, crosslinked MMMs. In the final part (Chapter 5), we have described a novel technique to obtain in-situ the polymer-filler chemical bonding during the polymer synthesis. In this technique, the MOF particles were directly introduced into the polymerization medium. The extent of the polymer-filler link was studied as a function of polymerization time. This study has shown a strong relationship between the quality of polymer-filler interaction and the gas separation properties of the MMMs.
In recent decades, membrane technology has shown its great performance in liquid phase separations such as production of drinking water from seawater. It has now attracted much scientific attention to expand its application to gas separations. Separation of air components, H2 from refinery industrial gases, separation and recovery of CO2 from biogas and natural gas are some examples in which the membrane technology is potentially applied at industrial level. The membrane based separation was either partially substituted or integrated with conventional methods like cryogenic distillation to product oxygen-enriched air (mole fraction 30% ) that is injected into industrial burners to obtain higher temperature with less gas consumption. It is also possible to use membrane technology to capture and recycle CO2 emitted from flue gas streams of power plants and steel mills in solving the greenhouse effect. The membranes for gas separation can be classified in two main categories, based on material, polymeric and inorganic, in which polymeric membranes are more popular. Compared to the inorganic, the polymer membranes show better processability, mechanical strength and higher packing density, hence, being suitable for large-scale applications. They cannot, however, withstand high temperatures or aggressive chemical agents. Their separation properties (permeability and selectivity) may be severely affected by condensable hydrocarbons (C2+) when they are applied in petrochemical plants, refineries and natural gas treatment. To enhance the performance of polymer membranes, a new concept, mixed matrix membrane (MMM), has been proposed by dispersing nano- or micro-sized particles of inorganic materials into a polymer matrix. In this work, we have prepared novel MMMs using polymers and metal organic framework (MOF) as the continuous and dispersed phases, respectively. We have developed several techniques to overcome the weak interfacial adhesion between the two phases that typically decreases the separation efficiency of MMMs. To do so, in the first part of this thesis (Chapter 3), we have synthesized a -NH2 included MOF particle and a series of -OH decorated polymers for MMM preparation. The physical bonding between the two functional groups was found to clearly improve the polymer/filler adhesion of the obtained MMMs as well as their gas separation performance. Then, in the following part (Chapter 4), we have introduced a post-synthetic modification to form chemical bonding between the polymer and filler within MMMs. Under optimized conditions, a functionalized MOF bearing crosslinkable groups was reacted with an as-synthesized polymer containing reactive chain-ends to produce, for the first time, crosslinked MMMs. In the final part (Chapter 5), we have described a novel technique to obtain in-situ the polymer-filler chemical bonding during the polymer synthesis. In this technique, the MOF particles were directly introduced into the polymerization medium. The extent of the polymer-filler link was studied as a function of polymerization time. This study has shown a strong relationship between the quality of polymer-filler interaction and the gas separation properties of the MMMs.
Cenacchi, Pereira Ana Maria. "Synthèse de particules composites anisotropes polymère / inorganique par polymérisation RAFT en émulsion." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067453.
Full textPonche, Arnaud. "Suspensions de particules dans des solutions de polymère : rhéométrie et observation microscopiques." Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0720.
Full textThis study deals with rheological properties of titanium dioxyde suspensions in polymer solutions. Rheological behaviour is strongly dépendent on particle-particle interactions and also on particle-polymer interactions in the continuons phase. These interactions really undergoes shape modification of aggregates. Consequently, we have developped tools to Observe titanium dioxyde aggregates under shear. The shape of aggregates is caracterised by a fractal dimension Df in two or three dimensions. This parameter can be correlated with the évolution of suspension viscosity. The last part of this work deals with flow instabilities obtained with glass beads dispersed in a solution of polyisobutylene. Saffman- Taylor instability appeared when cone and plate of the rheometer are removed from each other. In the case of titanium dioxyde suspensions, fractal shape can be observed and can be related to viscous fingering in hele-Shaw cells
Chong, Céline. "Élaboration de particules de polymère magnétiques multifonctionnelles pour la préparation d'échantillons biologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10333/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the synthesis of magnetic latexes which are able to capture and release various microorganisms via non-specific and electrostatic interactions. Cationic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by nitrate counterions were synthesized by the co-precipitation of iron salts in water. The surface of the asobtained maghemite was then modified by a sol-gel process using a methacrylate-functionalized organosilane, in order to incorporate the iron oxide nanoparticles into latex particles by copolymerization reactions. Magnetic particles were obtained by dispersion, emulsion or miniemulsion polymerization of styrene or methyl methacrylate, performed in the presence of iron oxide. Due to the interaction between the stabilizers and iron oxides, dispersion polymerization was not a suitable approach. On the other hand, (mini-)emulsion polymerization led to a large range of particle diameters (140 – 650 nm), according to the process used to disperse iron oxides prior to the polymerization. These latexes contained between 2 and 37 % of magnetic particles, incorporating up to 91% of iron oxide. But the size distribution remained quite broad in all cases. The functionalization of the as-prepared magnetic particles was then undertaken by the introduction of either a charged co-monomer or polyelectrolytes or polyampholytes reactivable during the polymerization process. These kinds of polymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Their ability to capture and release microorganisms was tested on silica-based model systems. Polyampholytes displayed good results on several microorganisms
Pont, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude de la granulation des poudres en lit fluidisé : influence des paramètres du procédé et physico-chimiques sur la cinétique de granulation." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT011G.
Full textEbengou, Roger H. "Mélanges siloxane - particules de silice : relaxation magnétique nucléaire, adsorption, gonflement cinétique de cristallisation polymère." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10062.
Full textGarg, Himani. "Particle laden inhomogeneous elastic turbulence." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I003/document.
Full textLaboratory experiments show that, even in very dilute solutions, the interaction of polymers with fluid flows can dramatically change the properties of turbulent flows or, if the flow is laminar, can trigger a new sort of irregular motion named “elastic turbulence”. Flows in such a dynamical regime are promising for enhancing mixing efficiency in microfluidic applications, which often involve the presence of suspended finite-size impurities, like small and heavy solid particles. The understanding of particle dispersion in high-Reynolds number flows of Newtonian, as well as non-Newtonian, fluids were addressed by previous investigations, and it is a subject of interest both at a fundamental level and for applications, e.g., environmental or industrial ones. However, the dynamics of particles in elastic turbulent flows are still quite unexplored.The present study aims at investigating the aggregation properties of pointlike material particles (heavier than the carrying fluid) in viscoelastic fluids in elastic turbulence conditions (i.e. in the limit of vanishing fluid inertia and large elasticity). We carry out extensive direct numerical simulations of the periodic Kolmogorov mean shear flow of two-dimensional dilute polymer solutions described by the Oldroyd-B model. Both the small- and large-scale features of the resulting inhomogeneous particle distribution are examined, focusing on their connection with the underlying flow structure. Our analysis reveals that particles are preferentially clustered in regions of instantaneously maximally stretched polymers. The intensity of such a phenomenon depends on the interplay, parametrized by the Stokes number, between the particle inertia and the typical time scale associated with the elastic turbulence flow, and is the largest for intermediate values of particle inertia.In particular, it is shown that the preferential concentration of inertial particle suspensions in such turbulent-like flows follow from the dissipative nature of their dynamics. We provide a quantitative characterization of this phenomenon (using correlation and Kaplan-Yorke dimension) that allows to relate it to the accumulation of particles in filamentary highly strained flow regions producing clusters of fractal dimension slightly above 1.At larger scales, particles are found to undergo turbophoretic-like segregation along the non-homogeneity direction of the flow. Indeed, our results indicate that the particle distribution is strongly related to the mean turbulent-like structures of the flow. As an effect of turbophoresis, average density profiles peak in the regions of lowest turbulent eddy diffusivity. The large-scale inhomogeneity of the particle distribution is interpreted in the framework of a model derived in the limit of small, but finite, particle inertia. The qualitative characteristics of different observables (such as root-mean-square deviation of the particle distribution, relative to the uniform one) are, to a good extent, independent of the flow elasticity. When increased, the latter is found, however, to slightly reduce the globally averaged degree of turbophoretic unmixing
Chevigny, Chloé. "Nanocomposites Polymère-Particules greffées : de la synthèse en solution colloidale à l'étude des propriétés macroscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448878.
Full textVinas, Jérôme. "Matériaux hybrides polymères-particules de silice : synthèse et caractérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343397.
Full textA notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier exemple d'une polymérisation amorcée depuis la surface de nano-particules de silice en phase aqueuse.
Rivière, Lisa. "Analyse des mécanismes de conduction thermique dans les composites structuraux PEEK/particules submicroniques d'argent." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30200/document.
Full textThis work deals with the optimization of thermal transport mechanisms in polymer-based composites. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of conductive particles in a polymer matrix contributes to thermal conductivity enhancement. At macroscopic scale, resistive mechanisms are ruled by a complex set of parameters: constituents' nature, dispersed phase morphology and matrix/particles interactions. The influence of these parameters on PEEK/silver submicron particles composites has been studied. Experimental data have been compared to models to analyse the structural origin of thermal conductivity evolution. A global approach to study heat transport mechanisms imply the multiscale understanding of capacitive and diffusive contributions. Heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity have been studied as a function of particles content and temperature
De, Rancourt Yoann. "Dispersion de charges d'oxydes de terres rares, Er2O3 et Pr6O11, dans une matrice polymère." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20202.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the incorporation of mineral fillers of erbium oxide, Er2O3, and praseodymium oxide, Pr6O11, in an elastomeric polymer matrix, in the context of an industrial project to replace the lead in radiation protection equipment. The actual purpose of this thesis was to improve the dispersion of the fillers in the matrix through chemical treatment processes of these particles. Various types of surface functionalization were used to compatibilize them with an organic matrix, in particular by grafting compounds such as phosphonic acids. Hence, several phosphonic acids have been successfully used for the functionalization of both types of fillers. The characterization of these functionalizations is an important part of this project. Innovative analysis techniques, both direct and indirect have been used for this purpose, namely Py-GC/MS to detect the chemical compounds anchored to the surface of the fillers, X-ray fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy with a quantification target, but also a study of sedimentation kinetics of the fillers in an organic medium. Finally, composites were obtained by mixing the fillers, untreated and treated, with a polyurethane matrix. Tensile tests have clearly shown an improvement of mechanical properties for some of the composites, due to the functionalization of the fillers by phosphonic acids
Doreau, Nicolas. "Encapsulation de pigments aluminium par un revêtement polymère pour une application peinture poudre." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129354.
Full textLallart, Adeline. "Ultra propreté : des microgouttes aux nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY019/document.
Full textWith the evolution of microelectronics and the miniaturization of the various components at the nanoscale, the size of the critical particles to be removed during the manufacturing process has been drastically reduced. Indeed, this critical size is currently of the order of 10 nm. Cleaning processes must therefore be able to remove these particles without surfaces damage. In order to answer this challenge, two methods are studied in this work: the use of a spray and the joint application of a polymer layer and a spray.The spray has been used for many years in the microelectronics field. However, the mechanism of particles detachment by this method is still not assimilated. The purpose of this study is to better understand it. Thus, different parameters will be studied leading to the development of a detachment model, showing new variables related to the cleaning process, contamination (nature and particle size) or the storage conditions of surfaces.For its part, the process by using a combination of polymer layer and spray is in full development, but little information is available today. Nevertheless, early studies have demonstrated its ability to clean surfaces with patterns and its effectiveness regardless of the size of the contamination. In this work, different methods of the polymer layer removal will be compared as well as some physicochemical properties specific to it. The objective is to detect key parameters influencing particle removal and to propose a premise of elucidation of the physical mechanisms involved
Roosz, Nicolas. "Elaboration de particules composites silice-polyaniline en vue d'applications environnementales." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD083/document.
Full textOrganic/inorganic hybrid materials have received much attention in recent years such as in the field of nano-materials. Indeed, these materials possess unique physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect of both components. In particular, silica nanoparticles (SiO2) present interesting properties, such as good chemical and thermal stabilities. They can be prepared in different size and can be easily chemically modified. Intrinsically conducting polymers such as polythiophene and polyaniline (PANI) can exist in different oxidation states and respond to external stimuli by changing one of their characteristics (color, conductivity, …). PANI is a non-toxic, thermally stable and low cost polymer with relatively high conductivity that has been used as antistatic coating, electrode materials, corrosion inhibitor and active layer of sensors. Since the discovery of conducting polymer in 1977, several works have been carried out on the preparation, characterization and applications of polymeric films build on various surfaces like silica. Among the different kinds of composites that exist, inorganic-polymer core-shell nanoparticles are more promising candidates. In this study, we decided to work on the synthesis of core@shell hybrid compounds based on PANI shells and silica nanoparticles cores.In the literature, using similar experimental protocols, two morphologies have been obtained after chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of silica particles: core@shell and raspberry (inverted structure with PANI as core). We thus decided to reinvestigate the synthesis of PANI in the presence of silica particles. For this, we first synthesized silica particles with different sizes by Stöber process. We then performed the chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of these naked silica particles under different conditions: temperature, concentration of reactive. However, in all cases, we never managed to obtain core@shell structures. Finally, we succeed in developing a method to prepare these core@shell particles which relies on the functionalization of the SiO2 by alkoxysilanes followed by the polymerization of aniline at room temperature. A series of core-shell particles with tunable PANI thickness has been prepared by this method. The last part of this work deals with the first tests that have been carried out in order to use these composites SiO2@PANi for environmental applications. Two applications have been considered, the adsorption of metals for the particle appearance and the detection of gas for the conductive capacities of the PANI
Azib, Tahar. "Elaboration de nanocomposites LiFePO₄/Polypyrrole comme matériau d'électrode positive pour batteries à ions lithium : rôle de la morphologie et de l'interface particules-polymère sur l'optimisation des performances électrochimiques." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077189.
Full textLiFePO4 is one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium ion rechargeable batteries. It has a high theoretical specific capacity (170 mAh/g) and operating potential (3. 45 V vs. Li+/Li). Additionally, the material is extremely stable thermally and electrochemically at ambient conditions. However, its electronic and ionic conductivities must be still improved. In tis context, we produced almost highly crystallized LiFePO₄ nanoplatelets using the polyol process. Structural, microstructural and electrochemical analyses established the key role of the crystral coherence lengh along the b axis of the olivine structure. It cannot be reduced to less than some tens of nanometers if one desires to boost the ionic conductivity of this material. We also tentatively prepared c/LiFePO4 nanocomposites, using the previously synthesized particles and those obtained by hydrothermal route exhibiting larger sizes (submicrometer range). Polypyrrole (PPy) is a conductive polymer. PPy particles coating was achieved by chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomer in an aqueous suspension of LiFePO4 particles, varying the synthesis conditions, including the nominal Py/LiFePO4 weight ratio. Advanced structural and microstructural analyses of the produced composites evidenced a severe chemical delithiation, making them non valuable for the desired application. To overcome this drawback, we successfully grafted pyrrole modified arryl groups to the surface of the nano- and submicrometer-sized LiFePO4 particles using diazonium salts chemistry. Weakly PPy-weighted composites (2. 5 wt. -%), exhibiting relatively high electronic conductivity, were then synthesized starting from these hybrids, opening thus real opportunities for the desired application
Mathlouthi, Chourouk. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et dynamiques des polymères confinés en géométrie nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI035/document.
Full textThe impact of confinement on the physical properties of polymers is an important topic for both fundamental and academic aspects and has gathered an intensive interest within the polymer physics community. In particular the relationship between the glass transition (Tg) and the dynamic of confined polymers has remained the center of a controversial debate over the past two decades. While the glass transition measured by thermal expansion is remarkably decreased in thin films, the alpha dynamic of polymers was found to be invariant, which can be seen as incoherence with the time-temperature superposition. To search the origin of these controversies and answer the questions posed in this debate, we focus the study on the thermal properties of confined polystyrene in the compact structure with a high surface area such as nanoparticles. Even though the particles geometry exhibit several advantages such as higher free surface and mild processing method, only few studies have been carried out on it compared to that on the thin films.The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of Tg and the dynamics of confined polystyrene in particles in the close packed structure, where the spherical particles are separated by voids, and to compare them to their corresponding bulk. We investigate the kinetic of void closure to quantify the α-dynamic of confined polystyrene in particles. We extract information about the heat capacity (Cp) from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. We show that the Cp of confined polystyrene is similar to that of bulk in the glassy regime and deviates from it between Tg -30 ° C and Tg. The magnitude of this deviation increases with increasing the free surface area. This was interpreted by the existence and the propagation of a mobile layer on the free surface or the existence of a zone with higher expansion coefficient. On the other hand, the α-dynamic probed via the void closure in the area where Cp increases was found to exhibit a bulk behavior.A second objective of this thesis is to investigate the physical aging of confined polystyrene in particles in the glassy regime. We quantify the enthalpy recovery during aging of both confined polystyrene and their corresponding bulk at various temperatures and aging times. We show that the physical aging process depends on the processing history of the polymer and is highly affected by the confinement
Kempfer, Kévin. "Simulation multi-échelle de l'interaction polymère-charge." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC051.
Full textIn the tire industry, the addition of nanosized silica fillers into rubber is a commonly used process due to the outstanding mechanical properties of the resulting composite material. However, the link between the underlying chemistry and the mechanical behavior of this material remains unsolved. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this system using molecular simulation. In order to cover wide length and time scales, inherent to this type of material, we took the route of applying a multiscale simulation strategy. Starting from coarse-grained reference trajectories obtained from higher resolution molecular dynamics trajectories, we build realistic coarse-grained dissipative dynamics models by using the bayesian optimization method. Our models quantitatively predict the characteristic behavior of entangled polymer chains. This multiscale approach, extended to the polymer-silica interaction, allows us to successfully model the thermodynamic, the structural, and the dynamic properties of a system made up of one silica nanoparticle, grafted or not, dispersed in an amorphous polymer matrix. This work opens the way towards the quantitative prediction of the viscoelastic properties of reinforced rubbers on time scales up to the microsecond. These time scales, inaccessible by mean of an atomistic description, are now reachable thanks to our coarse potentials
Audonnet, Virginie. "Développement de traitements de surfaces et biofonctionnalisation pour des systèmes microfluidiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066111.
Full textVieaud, Julien. "Propriétés optiques effectives de films composites de polymère et de nanoparticules d’or." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14349/document.
Full textBy spectroscopic ellipsometry, we study the optical properties in the range of UV-Visible-Infrared of composites films made of polymer and gold nanoparticles. We study the relation between these measurement and the structure of the nanocomposites, that we study by atomic force microscopy in particular. We distinguish the analysis of thicks films (tridimensionals) and thins (quasi-bidimensionals). In both of case, we confronte these experimentals results to the theoric models of effectives medium derivated for Maxwell-Garnett in particular
Mareri, Pascale. "Etude de la dispersion de fines particules de kaolin au sein d'une matrice polypropylène. Influence sur les propriétés mécaniques du polymère chargé." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20055.
Full textNguyen, David. "Etude de la nucléation contrôlée de latex polymère à la surface de nanoparticules d'oxyde pour l'élaboration de colloïdes hybrides structurés." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00384507.
Full textLa synthèse de particules Janus pour l'imagerie biomédicale est aussi décrite. Ces particules de silice ont été modifiées en surface par un chromophore biphotonique et un agent de reconnaissance de certaines cellules tumorales. Des études spectroscopiques et des tests de cytotoxicité ont été entrepris.
Ambari, Abdelhak. "Application des méthodes électrochimiques à l'étude de l'interaction entre l'hydrodynamique et la dynamique des polymères en écoulement élongationnel : interaction entre particules solides en régime de Stokes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066006.
Full textPlouzeau, Maud. "Mélanges matrice polymère / molécules optiquement actives Etude, optimisation de la compatibilité et amélioration de leur tenue lumière." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1043.
Full textThe CASCADE company was founded to develop technology said to “light cascades”. These “light cascades” consist of incorporating an appropriate combination of optically active molecules (OAM) into host materials allowing wavelength-shifting effects to optimize the quality and quantity of direct and diffuse sunlight. When such OAM combination is introduced into greenhouse films, an increase of agronomic yields and early crop are observed. Such behavior is due to the fact that OAM allow to adapt the solar spectrum to the photosynthesis and the chlorophyll function of plants. Greenhouse films are based on polyethylene (PE) and/or poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymers. When OAM are introduced within such host polymers, their optically efficiency is limited for long term industrial applications. Therefore, the thesis goal is to improve the OAM lightfastness into PE/EVA polymer matrix by different strategies: (i) the study of polymer matrix nature and topology influence, (ii) the optimization of current formulations by additives or compatibilizers adding and (iii) the OAM encapsulation into (un)-crosslinked PMMA particles
Chapel, Anthony. "Etude du comportement photochimique de revêtements composites polymère/particules luminescentes pour applications à l'éclairage éco-énergétique à base de LEDS. Impact du vieillissement sur les performances optiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22672/document.
Full textPhosphor-converted LEDs are emerging as an eco-friendly solution for the next generation lighting. Despite lifetimes claimed over 50 000h, a loss of the optical properties was noticed. This work focuses on the influence of photodegradation of the materials on the optical properties of the polymer/phosphor composite that is used to encapsulate the semiconductor chip. Luminescent composites were made from a polymer matrix (EVA or PMMA) and an inorganic phosphor: Y3BO6 :15% Eu3+. The evolution of physical, chemical and optical properties of these composites was investigated under irradiation in accelerated conditions (λ>300 nm) and in the use conditions of UV LED (λ=365 nm). The phosphor showed no pro-degrading effect on the photooxidation of the polymer. A loss of the optical properties of the composite was observed and ascribed to the photodegradation of the polymer in the case of the EVA matrix. The evolution of photometric parameters of the emitted light by the luminescent composite during photoaging can be attributed to the accumulation of photoproducts in films. However, for PMMA/phosphor composites, the chemical structure and optical properties of such composites are kept for accelerated photoaging time up to 4000h
Nguyen, David. "Etude de la nucléation contrôlée de latex polymère à la surface de nanoparticules d’oxyde pour l’élaboration de colloïdes hybrides structurés." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13715/document.
Full textHybrid colloids based on silica and polystyrene have been synthesized. Oxide particles were first elaborated, surface modified, and then used as seed in a styrene polymerization step. Two heterogeneous polymerisation proceeds were employed (emulsion or dispersion) leading to colloids with original and controlled morphologies. A morphological study by electronic tomography enabled to better understand growth and organisation mechanisms of latexes around silica seeds. Janus particles synthesis for biomedical imaging is also described. Silica particles were surface modified with a biphotonic chromophore and a tumor cells targeting agent. Spectroscopic studies and cytotoxicity tests were investigated
Khan, Ikram Ullah. "Microfluidic-assisted synthesis and release properties of multi-domain polymer microparticles drug carriers." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF042/document.
Full textCharacteristics and release properties of drug loaded microparticles depend upon material used and choice of production method. Conversely to most of the conventional ones, microfluidic methods give an edge by improving the control over droplet generation, size and size distribution. Capillary-based microfluidic devices were successfully used to obtain monodisperse drug(s) loaded microbeads, janus, core-shell and trojan particles using UV initiated free radical polymerization while keeping activity of active loaded molecules. These devices can be assembled in a short period of time and a slight change in design gives completely different microparticles morphologies. These particles were developed with the aim to address different issues experienced in oral drug delivery. For instance microbeads can be used to deliver NASIDs in a sustained release manner while janus particles can release two APIs with completely different properties (solubility, compatibility) also in a sustained release manner. Core-shell particles were designed to target colonic region of human intestine for dual drug delivery. Trojan particles were synthesized in a new semi-continuous microfluidic process, thus improving nanoparticles safety handling and release in simulated gastric fluid. Each system was fully characterized to insure batch to batch consistency and reproducibility. In general, the release of active ingredients was controlled by tuning the operating and material parameters like phases flow rates, nature and concentration of drug, (co)monomers, surfactant and crosslinker, pH of release media with the result of different particle morphologies, sizes and shapes or matrix crosslinking density
Chivot, Guillaume. "Un modèle de particules à patchs pour l'étude numérique de la réponse mécanique des gels." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1169/document.
Full textIn the current language, the term “gel” refers to a large number of materials that have intermediate behavior between solid and liquid. They generally have a low yield stress, and can be soft and ductile as well as hard and brittle. So, the term "gel" refers primarily to a type of macroscopic behavior. At the microscopic scale, these materials are formed by small elements, colloids or polymers, suspended in a liquid, which ensures a global incompressibility. Colloids, as well as polymers, are subject to thermal motion which gives them a certain ability to reorganize. This allows some gels to flow like liquids. Yet, by definition, gels also exhibit a yield stress which allows them to be stable in the absence of mechanical stress: this is possible because the colloids or polymers that compose them tend to stick together and form a network structure. It is thus essential that these elements develop mutually attractive interactions that are responsible for the formation of a weak, yet mechanically stable, network within the suspending fluid. The objective of this thesis is to build numerical tools, based on molecular dynamics, to study the formation and the mechanical behavior of gels. For this, we use a model of ``patchy'' particles taken from the literature. It consists of spherical objects at the surface of which are grafted small patches that attract each other. The interaction between patchy particles thus combine a central repulsion with attractive potentials between patches. Considering these particles as ``building blocks '' that form polymers, we have built and characterized a model of semi-flexible linear polymers of controlled rigidity; we have then studied the crosslinking kinetics of chemical gels and their mechanical (elastic) response under a constant strain. We were able to show that the network topology depends significantly of crosslinking conditions, and determines quite significantly the elastic response of the material. A preliminary study of colloïdal physical gels is also presented in the last part of the document
Suwannin, Patcharapan. "Smart polymeric nanoparticles-based immunodiagnostic platform and biosensor for leptospira detection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10180.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop a detection tool for leptospiral bacteria capable of detecting them in various samples, such as human urine and blood, as well as water and soil from the environment. The development of a rapid leptospirosis detection method, based on the principle of latex particle agglutination, involved the preparation of polystyrene latex sensitized by adsorption of anti-leptospira antibodies. This method, based on visual observation, demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of leptospira in environmental water samples. Additionally, to increase sensitivity, an electrochemical sensor based on the use of a specific oligonucleotide sequence was employed to detect leptospiral DNA in artificial urine samples. The developed sensor showed very good sensitivity, indicating a detection limit below the attomole (aM) level and no cross-reactions with other bacteria contaminating the urine. This thesis proposes detection methods ranging from simple macroscopic detection to the use of an electrochemical sensor for sensitive and specific detection
Genevaz, Nicolas. "Particules greffées d'homopolymères et de copolymères pour l'élaboration de nanocomposites modèles : dispersion des particules, dynamique des chaînes greffées en relation avec les propriétés rhéologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4774.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites interest for many years the scientific community, due in particular, to their good mechanical properties. It is established that the improvement of these properties observed in nanocomposites are mainly due to structural effects (particles dispersion) and interfacial effects (particle/matrix and particles/particles interactions). However, many experimental results are difficult to explain. In such a context, we have synthesized model nanocomposites based on silica nanoparticles grafted with polystyrene (PS) chains (or PS-b-poly(ter-butyl acrylate)) by nitroxide mediated polymerization and dispersed in a PS matrix. Then, these nanocomposites have been characterized by combining X-ray scattering and transmission electronic microscopy. By varying the length of the matrix chains, we have obtained different fillers structure going from individual nanoparticles dispersion to aggregate, up to an intermediate state (equivalent to an interconnected network for high volume fraction). Mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were studied by the mean of shear measurements at low frequency and linked to the different states of dispersion observed. Finally, we have measured local and intermediate dynamics of the grafted polymer chains by combining quasielastic neutron scattering (backscattering and spin echo) and nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, we have linked these measurements with the mechanical properties of the materials
Kanaan, Georges. "Conception, modélisation et optimisation d'un procédé continu d'élaboration d'une dispersion stabilisée de particules de polystyrène dans un polyéther polyol." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL073N/document.
Full textThis study dealt with the development and the optimization of a new continuous process for making stable dispersions of polystyrene particles in a polyether polyol. The objective was to maximize the solid mass fraction in the mixture and to minimize the mean particles diameter, by maintaining stable dispersion. The bibliographical research showed the importance of the stabilizer and the operating conditions choices. Preliminary studies carried out in a batch reactor with different stabilizers led to select a polystyrene grafted polyol. A complete study of the synthesis of this stabilizer was carried out and transposed on a pilot scale.For to the continuous process, a complete pilot unit was built around a twin screw extruder. Once the operating conditions were optimized, two influencing parameters were identified (rate of stabilizer and concentration of polystyrene), thus an experimental design was developed. A simple model was created in order to determine the relationships between operating conditions and dispersion’s quality. The use of multicriteria optimization process allowed determining the best compromises for making stable dispersions
Teulere, Coralie. "Nouvelle méthodologie pour la synthèse de polymères en brosse et conception de systèmes de purification reposant sur la chimie covalente réversible." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET035.
Full textThanks to their unique structure, brush polymers are of high interest in numerous fields and have been exploited as formulation additives or to prepare bulk materials with novel properties. In this thesis, a new methodology to prepare molecular brushes via radical transfer is presented. This method relies on the use of polythiol copolymers as multifunctional macrotransfer agents to grow side-chains via radical transfer to pendant thiols. Kinetic studies indicated that side-chains grown at different stages of the polymerization could display significantly different degrees of polymerization, which reflects both the drift of [M]/[SH] ratio and the change of the transfer constant during the polymerization. By using the appropriate ratio of radical initiator to thiol groups, it was demonstrated that brushes with no detectable free chains could be prepared. This study offers a straightforward and robust route to prepare molecular brushes with adjustable grafting density, side-chain nature and degree of polymerization. This synthetic methodology was successfully applied to the preparation of amphiphilic brush polymers. Those polymers self-assemble in water to form stable core-shell micelles. Brush polymers can also be grown from solid substrates, like those used in this thesis to improve molecules separation. Indeed, a new concept to purify reaction medium using recyclable and functional inorganic (nano)particles has been developed. A first approach based on particles functionalized with small molecules able to reversibly bind impurities gave very promising results
Costa, Maryline. "Synthèse de supports polymères et greffage de ferrocène pour une application en tant que batteries moléculaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14230/document.
Full textEnergy storage system have been developed by grafting ferrocene (Fc) moieties on branched or hyperbranched polystyrene (PS) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO), and on semi-conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) particles. Huisgen cycloaddition has been used to graft Fc at the periphery of PS stars, leading to PS-Fc. Synthesis of PEO-Fc and PEDOT-Fc has been done by esterification reaction. A possible interaction in between azido moieties and the catalytic system used for controlled radical polymerization of styrene has been evidenced in this study. Performances as molecular batteries of PS-Fc, PEO-Fc and PEDOT-Fc have been assessed by cyclic voltammetry. Fc moieties can be reversibly oxidized and reduced on PS-Fc and POE-Fc. For high ferrocene content, cyclic voltammetry showed the occurence of charge transfer between ferrocenyl groups and oxidized PEDOT core
Girard, Olivier. "Gels polymères : particules minérales et réticulation : gonflement, viscoélasticité, RMN." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10100.
Full textGenevaz, Nicolas. "Particules greffées d'homopolymères et de copolymères pour l'élaboration de nanocomposites modèles : dispersion des particules, dynamique des chaînes greffées en relation avec les propriétés rhéologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4774.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites interest for many years the scientific community, due in particular, to their good mechanical properties. It is established that the improvement of these properties observed in nanocomposites are mainly due to structural effects (particles dispersion) and interfacial effects (particle/matrix and particles/particles interactions). However, many experimental results are difficult to explain. In such a context, we have synthesized model nanocomposites based on silica nanoparticles grafted with polystyrene (PS) chains (or PS-b-poly(ter-butyl acrylate)) by nitroxide mediated polymerization and dispersed in a PS matrix. Then, these nanocomposites have been characterized by combining X-ray scattering and transmission electronic microscopy. By varying the length of the matrix chains, we have obtained different fillers structure going from individual nanoparticles dispersion to aggregate, up to an intermediate state (equivalent to an interconnected network for high volume fraction). Mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were studied by the mean of shear measurements at low frequency and linked to the different states of dispersion observed. Finally, we have measured local and intermediate dynamics of the grafted polymer chains by combining quasielastic neutron scattering (backscattering and spin echo) and nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, we have linked these measurements with the mechanical properties of the materials
Huchot, Philippe. "Milieux aléatoires : polydiméthylsiloxanes et particules de silice : relaxation magnétique nucléaire ; adsorption ; gonflement et élasticité." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0113.
Full textAuscher, Marie-Camille. "Dispersion de particules de zircone dans les polyoléfines : rhéologie et application au moulage par injection céramique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1177.
Full textThis work aims to investigate the relevant mechanisms controlling the linear and non-linear flow behaviors and dispersion state of molten polymers filled with submicrometer particles. The fundamental understanding is then applied to the Ceramic Injection Molding process, during which a feedstock (i.e., a complex polymer based formulation, highly filled with ceramic particles) is injected into a mold, debinded and sintered. A first chapter presents the key features of the process, a state of the art of the understanding of the involved mechanisms and more generally the interplaying interaction forces in filled polymers. Then, the study focuses on zirconia filled polyethylene. Firstly, the role of the filler-matrix interface in the rheological and morphological properties is discussed. It is shown that they are strongly influenced by the compatibility of the filler with the matrix. An experimental method is developed to adjust the interface quality. In particular, stearic acid is determined to be the most efficient surfactant. The kinetics of particles hydrophobization induced by the esterification is analyzed. Then, the dispersion mechanisms in filled polymers are explored. For instance, it is concluded that stearic acid and the high shear extruder promote the rupture and erosion of agglomerates. Their effects on the rheological behavior (i.e., percolation threshold, yield stress and dynamic storage modulus) are discussed. Finally, the stability of filled polymers, i.e., tendency to flocculation and filler-matrix segregation, is evaluated at rest and under high shear rates. Two experimental methods are developed for this more applied study. The crucial role of the dispersion state is for instance highlighted
Dujourdy, Laurence. "Melanges de polydimethylsiloxane et particules de silice. Adsorption competitive et cinetique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10256.
Full textCommon, Audrey. "Développement d'un procédé propre assisté par CO2 supercritique pour la production de particules de polyamide : caractérisation et faisabilité." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0113/document.
Full textPolymer powders are widely used in industry and are traditionally manufactured by processes using organic solvent or by grinding low molecular weight polymers with a post-polymerization step. This thesis aimss at the generation of polymer powders with a single-step continuous process, based on the use of supercritical CO2, hence without organic solvent. Before developing this process, the characterization of the mixture CO2/polymer was done. Solubility measurements were carried out and fitted with the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state. Moreover, a capillary rheometry technique was implemented on-line, allowing the measurement of the viscosity of the polymer alone or in mixture with CO2, under process conditions. The modeling of swelling as a function of time led to the evaluation of the diffusion coefficient of CO2 into the polymer. Afterwards, two experimental devices were designed. A batch process with a pressurized autoclave was used to determine the influence of experimental parameters on powder production, with small amounts of material. Formation of small fibrous particles was obtained. In parallel, the continuous process was studied on an extruder adapted to CO2 introduction and equipped with mixing devices. This study, which led to foam manufacture, was used to evaluate efficiency and homogeneity of the mixing. Residence time distributions were determined by Raman spectroscopy on the die in order to evaluate the flowing in the extruder under different conditions. The equipment was also fitted with a specific nozzle allowing co-injection of hot air. Production of fibrous particles with two different size ranges was obtained
Voisin, Aurélien. "Élaboration et étude de nouveaux biocides supportés respectueux de l'environnement." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14493/document.
Full textThe prevention of microbial proliferation and biofilms formation affects every industrial field. In particular, the storage of hydrocarbons is highly concerned by this problem. The coatings of kerosene tanks contain chromium (VI) to increase the adhesion of the coating on the metallic surface and provide protection against electrochemical corrosion, as well as microbial corrosion induced by the development of microorganisms. Chromium (VI) is however very toxic, and is on the list of chemicals that have to be withdrawn from circulation by the european regulation REACH. The goal of the SMILE project, in which this thesis lies within, is to replace chromium (VI) by less toxic compounds that would be able to prevent microbial corrosion. The work undertaken during this thesis aimed at preparing antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles, blending them in a coating and evaluating their antimicrobial properties, alone and in the coating.The second chapter is thus dedicated to the synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of aminosugar biocides, made from renewable ressources. In the third chapter is presented the synthesis of a first type of nanoparticles, that act on microorganisms by direct contact. For the second type of particles, presented in the fourth chapter, the nanoparticles have been designed so as to release a biocide under microbial enzymatic stimulus. The blending in a model coating of these two kinds of nanoparticles is described in the fifth chapter. In the last chapter, the antimicrobial properties of these two families of nanoparticles were evaluated against fungal strains known to proliferate in a kerosene medium
Scodellaro, Laurence. "Endommagement par cavitation du polypropylène renforcé au choc par des particules d'élastomère." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13127.
Full textNehache, Sabrina. "Elaboration de membranes à partir d’assemblages nano-organisés de particules polymères." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS080.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of nano-structured thin nano-porous films from polymeric particles (ABA, AB copolymers and polymer/MOF) in perspective of developing new innovative membranes. The obtained films have been used as water filtration or gas separation membranes. Regarding the ABA triblock copolymer made of polystyrene-sodium polystyrene sulfonate-polystyrene (PS-PNaSS-PS) it was shown that nano-porous films with various structures (honeycombs, isoporous and compact), could be made. The morphologies of these nanoparticles could be tuned depending on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic block ratios, solvent composition and concentration. Concerning the study of the diblock copolymer, monodisperse spherical nanoparticles of PDMAEMA-b-PMMA were made in situ (PISA) using a coumarin functionalized RAFT chain transfer agent in ethanol. Upon UV irradiation, these particles could be connected reversibly through the dimerization of the coumarin function present on their corona. The resulting thin films had dynamic characteristic due to the establishment of the reversible formation of the cyclobutane ring under UV irradiation. This manuscript was concluded by preparation of Mix Matrix Membranes (MMMs) from mixture of polyimide (Matrimid®) and ZIF-8 nanoparticles to be used as gas permeation membrane. The employed new approach in this study led to formation of perfectly homogeneous membranes with improved cohesion between the MOF structure and the polymeric matrix. A better separation of CH4 / CO2 gas mixtures was achieved using the prepared MMM
Marcati, Alain. "Génération de particules de polymères à structure contrôlée par la microfluidique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT033G/document.
Full textThis work is full part of process intensification : polymer particles are usually synthesized in batch reactors with solvents, surfactants and stabilizers. In these conditions, particles are obtained with large size distribution. In order to reduce size distribution, particles synthesis is then studied in a continuous process in microchannels in water, without surfactants nor surface treatment of microreactors’ walls. The micron-size scale provides indeed better control of monomer dispersion and prevents droplets coalescence which is the major reason of polydispersity in stirred tank reactors.That is why we have developped microfluidic tools and studied hydrodynamics and droplet generation into microreactors in order to synthetize polymer beads smaller than a hundred microns by direct polymerization of spherical droplets. This work also deals with new material creaction : the objective was also to produce onion-like structures for whom we could choose each layer chemical nature and thickness. We have then analysed manipulation of partciles flow to determine ways of encapsulating core particles. Finally, we also developped a new application related to polymer beads into microchannels : the creation of micropacked chromatography columns
Monnin, Alexandra. "Fonctionnalisations et caractérisations de surfaces par des films polythiophènes et dépôts de particules composites." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2034.
Full textThe objective of this study was to synthesize composite materials made of polymer and particles on a conductive substrates. The combination of two elements of different nature allowed to obtain specific properties of the new material. This application for composite material are of potential interest to various industrial sectors :micro-engineering, optics, electronics… Initially, the surface of gold substrates was functionalized with polymer films (polybithiophene and polytris [5-(2,2ۥ-bithiophène)] méthanol]), obtained by electropolymerization. The influence of different parameters on the formation of electropolymerized films was studied : the nature and concentration of the monomer, composition of electrolyte, scan rate of film formation… Different techniques (optical and scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, AFM) were used to characterize the morphology and thickness of these films. The in situ formation of electropolymerized films was also studied, using a fixed angle laser reflectometer coupled with cyclic voltammetry. A correlation between the morphologies of the films and reflectometry signals was achieved. The results obtained were supported by measuring the refractive index and thickness of the films by spectroscopic ellipsometry and absorbance by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Secondly, the assembly of composites particles, consisting of inorganic nanoparticles (silica) absorbed onto organic microparticles (latex) was performed on a metal surface. Micrometer-sized latex particles allowed to control their transport to the surface and the nanoparticles provided the desired functionality. The electrophoretic deposition of particles was studied as a function of different physicochemical parameters (pH, concentration and nature of organic additives, polarization…). The deposition of the composite particles may be reversible or irreversible, depending on experimental conditions. Furthermore, desorption of nanoparticles is observed in some cases. After selecting the experimental conditions for optimum deposition of composites particles (without desorption of nanoparticles), the assembly of these particles on the functionalized metal substrate by polymer film was studied. During their electrophoretic deposition, the particles absord mainly around clusters of polymer films
Roy, Christelle. "Génération de particules par un procédé assisté par CO2 comprimé : cristallisation et formulation." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132017.
Full textThe work deals with crystallization and formulation of active ingredients using compressed CO2 as precipitation agent. Pure drugs were first processed, to enlighten phenomena that control the process, with special mention to thermodynamics. The two investigated versions lead to different performances, the relative drawback of the discontinuous coming from the difficulty in driving the system far from equilibrium. The second part is dedicated to generation of polymer-drug systems, with hydrophobic or hydrophilic excipients depending on formulation targets; the semi-continuous mode seems preferable, unless silica is previously added to the liquor. The last section, more exploratory, aims to produce organic/oxides hybrid particles by reaction; whilst results are encouraging, the existence of a covalent bond has still to be demonstrated
Mokhter, Mohd Akmali. "Modification de membranes par des films polymères : Application à la décontamination de solutions aqueuses contenant des ions métalliques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD079/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the efficiency of a decontamination method allowing theremoval of metallic ions (Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) by using chemically modified organic ultrafiltrationmembranes.The first functionalization method used to modify membranes is called layer-by-layer method.It consists in the formation of a multilayer film on the surface of the membrane thanks to the alternateadsorption of polyelectrolytes having an opposite charge (poly(allylamine hydrochloride) andpoly(styrene sulfonate)). The properties of these modified membranes and the properties of the polymerfilm are then characterized. After that, the filtration performances of the modified membranes are testedby filtering the aqueous solutions containing either single ion or mixed-ions solutions. The long-termperformance of the modified membranes is also studied to demonstrate their capacity to filter thepolluted solutions several times successively. The filtration technique is then coupled with adsorptionon the modified silica particles, in order to increase the retention rates of metallic ions after the filtrationprocess. This results in a very performant two-steps treatment.The second functionalization method used is the plasma polymerization. Thus, poly(allylamine)films are deposited on membranes using this technique with various operating conditions. It is shownthat the use of a low plasma power during the polymerization leads to the films containing the highestamount of amines, which allow the membranes modified with this film to be very efficient to removemetallic ions from aqueous solutions thanks to the chelation properties of amines towards such ions
Teisseire, Jérémie. "Tack de matériaux modèles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175670.
Full textL'étude réalisée sur le premier matériau a permis de mettre en évidence qu'outre la digitation et la cavitation, mécanismes de rupture observés sur des liquides newtoniens, un mécanisme de fracture peut également apparaître, la fracture étant localisée à l'interface entre la plaque solide et le matériau viscoélastique. Un modèle théorique, faisant notamment intervenir la cinétique de cavitation, a été élaboré pour interpréter la succession de ces mécanismes et décrire les courbes de traction. Le bon accord entre les prédictions et les résultats expérimentaux valide l'importance du rôle de la cinétique et nous permet d'expliquer l'apparition de fractures malgré la croissance préalable de cavités.
Le second système étudié provient de la déformulation d'adhésifs industriels. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié l'influence de la proportion en particules sur la rhéologie des mélanges. Nous avons observé une évolution des paramètres rhéologiques, que nous avons comparée à l'évolution de l'adhésion des mélanges. Nous avons ainsi pu corréler la présence d'un second plateau de force, observé fréquemment pour de véritables adhésifs, au taux de particules dans le matériau. Enfin, cette étude nous a permis de proposer la voie de rupture optimale pour un matériau adhésif.
Fan, Weizheng. "Development of multifunctional polymeric single-chain nanoparticles based on stimuli-responsive polymers." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10991.
Full textAbstract : With interests on nanoscience and nanotechnology for many applications, there is a demand for development of fabrication technology of ultra-small nano-size objects that allow for precise size control and tailored functionality. Recently, a new technology called ‘single-chain technology’, which manipulates a single polymer chain, becomes a rapidly-growing research topic. This technology provides a facile method to prepare polymer single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with a typical size of 1.5-20 nm. Due to the ultra-small size-enabled unique properties, SCNPs have wide range of applications, including sensor, catalytic system, low viscosity coating, nanoreactor and biomedical applications. Through the contributions by many scientists in the past decade, the synthetic methodologies to fabricate SCNPs have been reported using various chemistries and been getting mature. However, there are still several unsolved problems in the field of SCNPs including functions and application. Stimuli-responsive polymers, as a class of smart materials whose properties can be changed by responding to external stimuli, have been widely used in energy and biomedical applications. Since their chemical and physical properties can be changed easily and efficiently via environmental control, stimuli-responsive polymers provide a potential pathway to preparing functional SCNPs. In this thesis, we are focusing on developing functional SCNPs, especially systems with multi-functions, and expanding their applications. To achieve this target, various stimuli-responsive polymers were prepared as polymer precursors and their stimuli-responsive properties were introduced into the SCNP systems by rational design of their chemical structures. The core of this thesis is comprised of three projects which deal with three classes of SCNPs from stimuli-responsive polymers. These stimuli-responsive SCNPs perform multi-functions and undergo certain change either in structure or morphology and properties. In addition, according to their variety of functions, each class of multi-functional SCNPs has diverse potential applications. In the first study presented in the thesis (Chapter 1), we prepared a class of sub-10 nm photodegradable and size-tunable SCNPs based on photo-responsive main-chain coumarin-based polyesters Poly{[7-(hydroxypropoxy)-4-(hydroxymethyl)coumarin adipate]-co- (polypropylene glycol adipate)} (CAPPG) through copolymerization of coumarin diol, adipic acid and polypropylene glycol (PPG). By incorporating coumarin moieties into the chain backbone of a polyester, dual photo-responsive reaction, i.e. photo-dimerization (>320 nm) and photo-induced chain scission (254 nm), occur under two different wavelengths of UV irradiation, enabling the preparation of sub-10 nm SCNPs and their photo-degradation property. The photo-degradability of SCNPs is evidenced under 254 nm UV irradiation for 3 h, which molecular weight of SCNPs decreasing from 13220 g/mol to 1385 g/mol. Moreover, the size of SCNPs can be tunable from 5.3 nm to 3 nm (hydrodynamic diameter) by varying the dimerization degree of coumarin moieties, that is simply controlled by the UV irradiation time. These results demonstrate a facile method to control the size of SCNPs without the need for synthesizing different polymer precursors. Finally, due to the biocompatible and biodegradable nature of polyester as polymer precursor, the SCNPs with photo-degradability and size-tunability have the potential to be exploited for biomedical applications. In the second study realized in this thesis (Chapter 2), we prepared a new type of multi-functional SCNPs from a side-chain liquid crystalline polymer (SCLCP), namely poly{6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo) phenoxy]hexylmethacrylate-co-4-methyl-[7-(methacr-yloyl) oxy-ethyl-oxy]coumarin} (PAzoMACMA). The polymer’s side groups comprise photo-isomerizable azobenzene in majority and photo-dimerizable coumarin in minority, with the former as mesogens and the latter for intra-chain photo-crosslinking. Despite the sub-15 nm size, confinement and crosslinking, the liquid crystalline (LC) phases of bulk PAzoMACMA persist in SCLCPs. Such LC-SCNPs exhibit a number of interesting and peculiar properties. While their dispersion in THF is non-fluorescent, when dispersed in chloroform, the nanoparticles appear to agglomerate to certain degree and display significant fluorescence that is different for SCNPs rich in the trans or cis isomer of azobenzene. The azobenzene LC-SCNPs also undergo photo-induced deformation, similar to azobenzene micro- or colloidal particles. However, the elongational deformation of the nanoparticles is dependent upon the linearly polarized excitation wavelength. While under polarized 365 nm UV irradiation the SCNP stretching direction is perpendicular to the light polarization, under polarized 400-500 nm visible light irradiation, the stretching takes place along the light polarization direction. Finally, an all-polymer nanocomposite was prepared by dispersing the LC-SCNPs in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and mechanically stretching-induced orientation of azobenzene mesogens developed along the strain direction. The interesting properties of LC-SCNPs unveiled in this study suggest new possibilities for applications including bio-imaging and LC materials. As the third study in this thesis (Chapter 3), we studied a class of CO2-responsive SCNPs and their self-assembled micellar aggregates. On one hand, SCNPs are prepared from a random copolymer of poly{(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-co-4-methyl-[7-(methacryloyl)oxyethyl-oxy]coumarin} (P(DMAEMA-co-CMA)). When dispersed in aqueous solution, individual nanoparticles can undergo reversible swelling/shrinking under alternating CO2/N2 stimulation as a result of the reversible protonation/deprotonation of tertiary amine groups. On the other hand, tadpole-like single-chain ‘Janus’ nanoparticles (SCJNPs) are prepared using an amphiphilic diblock copolymer of PS-b-P(DMAEMA-co-CMA) (PS is hydrophobic polystyrene). This type of SCJNPs can self-assemble into core-shell micellar aggregates in aqueous solution. Under CO2/N2 stimulation, the collective swelling/shrinking of SCJNPs within the micelle results in large, reversible volume change. In addition, both P(DMAEMA-co-CMA) SCNPs and PS-b-P(DMAEMA-co-CMA) SCJNP micelles are explored as gas-tunable nanoreactors for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The rate of AuNP formation increases under CO2 stimulation and decreases upon N2 bubbling, which makes it possible to tune the reaction rate up and down (on/off switching) by using the two gases. Moreover, using the micelles of SCJNPs, whose volume can be controlled over a wide range by adjusting the CO2 stimulation strength, variable-size AuNPs and their aggregates are obtained with continuous redshift of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) into the long wavelength visible light region.
Perrier-Cornet, Romain. "Précipitation de particules polymères réticulées : applications comme supports fonctionnels et propriétés interfaciales." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13603.
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