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Academic literature on the topic 'Particule anthropique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Particule anthropique"
Hébert, Louis. "DEVENIR UN BOUDDHA: ANALYSE SÉMIOTIQUE DES VISUALISATIONS DANS LE BOUDDHISME TIBÉTAIN." Acta Semiótica et Lingvistica 24, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2446-7006.2019v24n1.49258.
Full textKokou, Kokouvi Bruno. "Dynamique et modélisation du stock de carbone de la Forêt Classée d’Amou-Mono au Togo." Revue Ecosystèmes et Paysages 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59384/recopays.tg3211.
Full textMeyer, Caroline, Sébastien Leblond, Bénédicte Jacquemin, and Émeline Lequy. "Métaux, pollution de l’air et santé." médecine/sciences 36, no. 4 (April 2020): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020062.
Full textDespin, Laurent. "Les mutations des territoires valléens pyrénéens : crises sociales et environnement." Sud-Ouest européen 3, no. 1 (1998): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rgpso.1998.2696.
Full textSaha, Frédéric, Dagobert Tchio Nkemta, Mesmin Tchindjang, Éric Voundi, and Philippes Mbevo Fendoung. "Production des risques dits « naturels » dans les grands centres urbains du Cameroun." Natures Sciences Sociétés 26, no. 4 (October 2018): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2019003.
Full textBrancacci, Aldo. "Verité morale et savoir chez Socrate." Méthexis 31, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680974-03101001.
Full textVescovi, Luc, Alain N. Rousseau, Alain Mailhot, and Jean-Pierre Villeneuve. "Modélisation hydro-bio-chimique du bassin versant de la rivière Saint-Charles." Water Quality Research Journal 34, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1999.015.
Full textKhouaja, Soukaina, Mohamed Ouadia, and El Mehdi Irzan. "Fonctionnement De La Plage d’El Jadida (Côte Atlantique Marocaine) : Apport De L’étude Morphodynamique, Sédimentologique, Minéralogique Et De L’action Anthropique." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 18 (June 29, 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n18p93.
Full textGenty, Dominique, Yannicke Dauphin, Guy Deflandre, and Yves Quinif. "Exemples de particules d'origine anthropique piégées dans les lamines de croissance de stalagmites - Intérêt pour la reconstitution des environnements humains anciens [Examples of anthropogenic particles trapped into stalagmite growth laminae - Interest for the study of prehistoric human activity.]." Quaternaire 8, no. 2 (1997): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.1997.1569.
Full textAoudia, L., C. Debaine-Francfort, A. Idriss, and X. Hu. "Quand la chaîne opératoire funéraire se dévoile : sépultures de l'âge du bronze dans le désert du Taklamakan (Chine du Nord-Ouest)." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 28, no. 1-2 (March 29, 2016): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0155-8.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Particule anthropique"
Lefebvre, Charlotte. "Distribution spatiale et temporelle des microplastiques et particules anthropiques au sein d'une lagune côtière mésotidale, le Bassin d'Arcachon. Approche multi-compartiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0230.
Full textAs a cheap, light and resistant material, plastic rapidly became unavoidable in many sectors such as packaging, medical, automobile or building ones. However, theses extraordinary properties contribute to its ubiquity in marine environments, and sometime in an insidious way. Indeed, there is a fraction invisible to the naked eyes, named microplastic (MP), that draw researchers’ attention. They are commonly described by an upper limit size of 5 mm, yet the lower size limit is still under discussion. Meantime, other types of manufactured particles are more and more described, such as black rubbery fragments and fibers. These anthropogenic particles (AP) were already detected in marine compartments of all regions, from sea surface to bottom sediments by the way of beach, water column and living organisms. Nevertheless, MP contamination could be associated to impairment of geochemical cycles and biologic ones. Actually, because they are small-sized, MP can be ingested by a wide range of marine organisms (from zooplankton to cetacean). Additionally, the Arcachon Bay area supports important and diverse anthropogenic activities such as fishing, shellfish farming and mass tourism. Additionally, the lagoon have a complex morphology (e.g. intertidal areas and passes) and its hydrodynamic is mainly driven by tide. Thus, this project describes AP and MP contaminations in the Arcachon Bay, such as the one caused by fibers. Specifically, we were able to 1) quantify and characterize AP and MP contamination in nine compartments of this lagoon (sea surface, water column, wastewater effluent, intertidal sediment, high tide line, marine species), 2) describe their spatial distribution (from the oceanic zone to the inner-bay part) and explore transport dynamic between compartments, 3) characterize temporal evolution of the contamination within the studied compartments
Nodot, Émilie. "Détection et caractérisation d'objets anthropiques par méthodes géophysiques et en particulier par méthode magnétique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH019/document.
Full textLast three wars have left millions of tons of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in French subsoil. They put the population and the environment at risk. Geophysics and particularly the magnetic methods present some solutions to characterise and locate those generally magnetised objects. The multi-sensor magnetic cartography device designed at EOST has some faults. Consequently, (i) the production of a new digitizer, (ii) the acquisition of a new geo-spatial positioning system and (iii) the use of an extra sensor to correct the time-related variations of the magnetic field allow us to improve our cartography quality. Likewise, multi-altitude measurement allow us to optimise the time in relation to the wanted cartography definition. According to the approximation generally used in magnetism theory, the anomaly is insignificant compared to the regional magnetic field. At the same time as my previously described field work, a thorough study of the dipole theory, allowed me to evaluate that this approximation results in a non-negligible mistake reaching 16% of the anomaly. The inversion results are sensible to this mistake. Moreover, l've developed an algorithm based on Euler deconvolution and l've re-evaluated the method already used which is based on analytic signal. After I compared some of the inversion methods, the one based on the analytic signal seems to ascertain the better the object characteristics
Nodot, Émilie. "Détection et caractérisation d'objets anthropiques par méthodes géophysiques et en particulier par méthode magnétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH019.
Full textLast three wars have left millions of tons of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in French subsoil. They put the population and the environment at risk. Geophysics and particularly the magnetic methods present some solutions to characterise and locate those generally magnetised objects. The multi-sensor magnetic cartography device designed at EOST has some faults. Consequently, (i) the production of a new digitizer, (ii) the acquisition of a new geo-spatial positioning system and (iii) the use of an extra sensor to correct the time-related variations of the magnetic field allow us to improve our cartography quality. Likewise, multi-altitude measurement allow us to optimise the time in relation to the wanted cartography definition. According to the approximation generally used in magnetism theory, the anomaly is insignificant compared to the regional magnetic field. At the same time as my previously described field work, a thorough study of the dipole theory, allowed me to evaluate that this approximation results in a non-negligible mistake reaching 16% of the anomaly. The inversion results are sensible to this mistake. Moreover, l've developed an algorithm based on Euler deconvolution and l've re-evaluated the method already used which is based on analytic signal. After I compared some of the inversion methods, the one based on the analytic signal seems to ascertain the better the object characteristics
Hayzoun, Hanane. "Caractérisation et quantification de la charge polluante anthropique et industrielle dans le bassin du Sebou." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0007/document.
Full textThe main goal of this PhD was to evaluate the impact of the anthropogenic activities (urban, industrial or agricultural activities) on aquatic systems. The Fez metropolitan area and its impacts on the Sebou River, the main Moroccan river, were chosen as a case study. The Fez agglomeration (~1M hab), is surrounded by the Fez River, receiving the wastewaters of this developing city and then flowing into the Sebou. This work was performed on two sites along the Sebou River (upstream and downstream from the confluence with Fez River), and one site in the Fez River, downstream from the Fez city. One sampling campaigns of sediment cores and eleven sampling campaigns were performed during low flow conditions to quantify nutrients, organic carbon and trace metals and to study the dynamic and the transport of trace elements in the Sebou and Fez rivers. The obtained results revealed a global increase of studied elements in the Sebou River from upstream to downstream sampling site, in both sediments and water column. A moderate level of contamination by butyltins was observed, with monobutyltin being the dominant species across all sites and depths. The lowest level of metal pollution was identified in the Sebou's sediments upstream Fez city. Whilst the Fez' sediments were heavily polluted and exhibited bottom-up accumulation trends, which clearly evidence recent inputs from the untreated wastewaters of Fez city. The increase of metal levels in Sebou downstream sediments reflects a significant contribution of polluted particles from the Fez River. Dissolved and particulate concentrations of most of the analyzed elements in the Sebou, upstream from Fez city, are close to the natural rivers, except Cl-, Cr, Na+ et NO3- probably due to untreated urban inputs from several small/medium-size towns located upstream Fez. In the opposite On the contrary, high dissolved and particulate trace metals concentrations in the Fez River clearly indicated strong anthropogenic inputs from Fez city. Most of the studied trace metals originated from anthropogenic sources, underwent significant changes of Kd and behaved non-conservatively in the Sebou/Fez waters mixing due to drastic changes of the waters quality (anoxic condition, high concentration, high organic matter content). Dissolved/particulate partitioning were correctly assessed by WHAM-VII modeling for Cu, Pb and Zn, depicting significant differences in chemical speciation in Fez River when compared to Sebou one
Marion, Cédric. "Dynamique et bilans des transferts particulaires de radioéléments d’origine anthropique et naturelle dans le Golfe du Lion : cas particulier des apports rhodaniens." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1006.
Full textDue to its 30. 2 year half-life and of its great affinity with silts and clays, 137Cs was used as a Rhône River inputs tracer. Rhône prodelta sediments recorded values of 137Cs activities originated by nuclear power plants releases, global fallout and Tchernobyl accident (600 Bq. Kg-1). A sharp decrease in liquid radioactive effluents releases and the dismantlement of the Marcoule fuel reprocessing plant in 1997 induced 137Cs fluxes decrease to the Mediterranean Sea. At present time, mean concentrations are around 10 Bq. Kg-1 in the prodelta sediments. Sedimentary records of oceanographic campaigns achieved between 2001 and 2008 enabled to map a 20 km² 137Cs accumulation area close to the Rhône River mouth and to estimate a store of 3. 35 TBq, i. E. The eighth of the Gulf of Lions store. The CARMA and EXTREMA projects (2006-2008) allowed to observe prodelta sedimentation. Short-live radionuclides like 7Be and 234Th were used to estimate sedimentary pluridecimetric thicknesses deposits generated by some Rhône River floods. Altimeter data showed 8 cm thick sediment total accretion during two mean floods recorded by a current profiler. They also showed an important erosion phase linked to a south-east swell episode with a bottom shear stress reaching 5 Pa. Results showed that the sediment remobilization was very important in this area but that the exports of suspended solid matters towards the Gulf of Lions were weak, or even deposited in fine on the prodelta
Baque, David. "Perturbations anthropiques du réseau hydrographique du bassin de la Garonne, cas des metaux et des nitrates." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128208.
Full textLe prélèvement des eaux de la Garonne et de ces principaux affluents sur une année hydrologique a permis de détecter des enrichissements significatifs pour un grand nombre d'éléments en trace métalliques (ETM : Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn...). Il s'avère que la plus part de ces éléments métalliques en quantité de trace (ppb) sont éventuellement transportés sous forme particulaire par les rivières. De nombreux arguments vont dans le sens d'une source majeure diffuse de pollution à l'origine de ces enrichissements : les pluies. Toutefois, certains enrichissements spécifiques liés à des activités industrielles locales sont observées (cas du Cr sur l'Agout). Les bilans des flux [entrée (pluies), sortie (exutoire)] ont mis en évidence le stockage de certains métaux, vraisemblablement dans les sols et les sédiments du lit de la Garonne.
Le suivi des flux d'éléments dissous majeurs (NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) et plus spécialement des nitrates, en période de basses eaux estivales (50 m3/s), dans les eaux d'un tronçon de Garonne Toulousaine, a permis la caractérisation et la quantification des apports anthropiques spécifiques en NO3-, Cl-, K+ et Na+ liés à cette agglomération. Certains de ces éléments, nitrates et potassium, sont partiellement éliminés tout au long de ce tronçon. Cette consommation peut être attribuée à l'activité biologique qui se développe dans le lit de la Garonne (développement du biofilm) dans ces périodes critiques où les eaux sont plus anoxiques (moins oxygénées).
L'étude plus spécifique du devenir des nitrates dans une zone humide riveraine de la Garonne (site de Monbéqui) a mis en exergue les capacités de ces sites à éliminer ce composé azoté. Ces zones humides sont le théâtre de la rencontre entre les eaux de la Garonne et de la nappe, propice au développement de nombreux processus biogéochimiques. Nous avons identifié et quantifié de fortes consommations biologiques en nitrates dans les zones de mélange entre la Garonne et la nappe. Cela résulte des effets couplés de l'oxydation de la matière organique, de la respiration aérobie, de la dénitrification et de la réduction des oxydes et hydroxydes de Mn et de Fe. Au contraire, dans les zones de sortie de nappe vers la Garonne, il semblerait qu'il y ait nitrification de l'ammonium probablement originaire des profondeurs de la nappe et/ou des sols.
Baqué, David. "Perturbations anthropiques du réseau hydrographique du Bassin de la Garonne, cas des métaux et des nitrates." Toulouse 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128208.
Full textThe Garonne’s basin, the second largest French basin (52000 km2 at Mas d’Agenais), is subject to anthropogenic pressures dues to agricultural, domestics and industrials humans activities. A one-year hydrological sampling of the Garonne’s and if its tributary’s water highlights significant enrichments for a large type of trace metal elements (TME : Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn…). It appears that most of those metals elements in trace quantity (ppb) have a particular transport in the river. Many arguments speaking in favour for a one major diffuse source pollution origin of those enrichments: the rains. However, some specific enrichments due to local industrial activities are observed (case of Cr in the Agout). The balance flux [enter : rains), out : the outlet of the catchment basin] show a storage of some metals, probably in soil and in the river bed sediments. The follow-up of majors flux elements (NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) and especially of nitrate, in a Garonne stretch upstream to downstream of the Toulouse urban area was performed at a summer low water level period. The anthropic contribution to the river water composition from the urban area was estimated and indicated that NO3-, Cl-, K+ and Na+ represent the most important contributions of the anthropic inputs. Some of those elements, nitrates and potassium, are partially eliminated along this stretch. This looses may be attributed to biological activity (grow of biofilms) that appears in the Garonne river bed, especially in this critical period of anoxic water conditions (less oxygen). .
Lanceleur, Laurent. "L’argent : sources, transfert et bioaccumulation : cas du système fluvio-estuarien girondin." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14270/document.
Full textSilver (Ag) emissions into the environment from former mining activities and various industrial applications (e.g. jewellery, medicine, photography, electronic products and more recently nanotechnology) make Ag both a historic and an emergent pollutant for which information on its transfer and toxicity in aquatic system are scarce. This work provides a first assessment of Ag sources, transfer and bioaccumulation in the Gironde fluvial-estuarine system. The Lot-Garonne-Gironde River continuum, known for its polymetallic pollution (e.g. Cd, Zn) derived from the Decazeville basin, is a model system for studies on metal transfer from watersheds to the ocean. The relationship between historical records (~50 years) of Ag concentrations in sediment cores from the Lot River, upstream (Ag: 0.3 mg/kg) and downstream (Ag: up to 7 mg/kg) of the Decazeville basin and those of Cd constitutes evidence of a common source and transport/settlement processes due to industrial activities until 1986. High particulate Ag (AgP: 260 mg/kg) and dissolved Ag (AgD: 1,260 ng/l) concentrations in the Riou-Mort River were attributed to current leaching and erosion of slag heaps by rainwater. Those concentrations were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than typical values in the Gironde watershed. However, the Riou-Mort River contribution to the Garonne River Ag fluxes (AgD: 0.008-0.041 t/a; AgP: 0.306-2.44 t/an; 1999-2009) remained low (AgP: <11%; AgD: <6%). The Garonne River provided the quasi totality (63-83%) of Ag inputs to the estuary, mainly in its particulate form (96±2%). The regional geochemical background (AgP/ThP=0.026) was useful to estimate (i) the natural contribution (20-65%) to total AgP fluxes and (ii) the anthropogenic specific fluxes of AgP (15±10 g/km²/a and 0.24±0.16 g/hab/a) in the Garonne watershed (La Réole). In the estuarine salinity, chloro-complexation desorbed ~60% of AgP, causing maximalum AgD concentrations (6-8 ng/l) at salinity 15-25 (addition to the dissolved phase). This quantity was similar to the potentially bioavailable or reactive fraction (i.e. extracted by HCl 1 M). The first estimations of net fluxes suggested that 50-80% of the Ag annual export to the coast occurred in the dissolved phase (0.64-0.89 t/a in 2008 and 0.56-0.77 t/a in 2009). Even if the ionic form Ag+ (the main form in freshwater) is considered as the most bioavailable form, Ag accumulation in estuarine organisms (oysters, shrimps and eels) reflected the higher exposition pressure in brackish water. In-situ caging of European Eels (recommended species for the biosurvey of aquatic systems; European Water Framework Directive) in key sites of the Gironde Estuary during 3 months, highlighted the direct and trophic pathways of Ag contamination at the environmental level. The historical record of Ag contamination of the Gironde Estuary oysters (1979-2007, French Mussel Watch, RNO) indicated that the Decazeville basin was a major Ag source until ~1988. However, the maximum Ag accumulation in oysters after 1993 (from ~40 to more than 100 mg/kg, dry weight) suggested an increasing contribution of additional and contemporary Ag sources like photography, cloud seeding (30-63 kg/a) or Toulouse and Bordeaux wastewater effluents (42-57 kg/a). This work is a basis for future work on Ag (including nanoparticles) cycles and related risks in aquatic systems (quantification, transfer and toxicity)