Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Particular transport'
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Whitcombe, Leslie John. "Sediment transport processes, with particular reference to Hayling Island." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294696.
Full textPunter, Matthew Steven. "Tourist transport system with particular reference to the South West of England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288020.
Full text關超強 and Chiu-keung Kwan. "Housing and transport: a study of priority with particular reference to Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576271.
Full textKwan, Chiu-keung. "Housing and transport : a study of priority with particular reference to Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576271.
Full textLoveless, John Hedley. "Sediment transport in rigid boundary channels with particular reference to the condition of incipient deposition." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364056.
Full textHo, Hing-lun, and 何慶麟. "The inter-relationship between household income and trip generation, with particular reference to rail transport planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952021.
Full textSaeedipour, Hamid R. "On the design of a high-subsonic jet transport aircraft with particular reference to thrust-vectoring." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707458.
Full textHo, Hing-lun. "The inter-relationship between household income and trip generation, with particular reference to rail transport planning." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21128868.
Full textKundaiker, Shatish. "A study of the vectorial transport of amino acids across the retinal pigment epithelium, with particular reference to taurine." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243804.
Full textZaier, Imen. "Rôle du transport particulaire lié à la déstructuration de gypses poreux dans le développement de cavités de dissolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03739757.
Full textThe north-eastern suburbs of Paris are most prone to sinkhole development due to the natural dissolution of gypsum rocks in contact with groundwater flow. This dissolution induces a loss of solid material creating underground voids that can lead to surface disorders. A release of grains and their transport by the flow could very strongly increase the growth of the cavity compared to considering only the dissolution. Gypsum samples with different porosity and content of insoluble impurities were used to quantify experimentally the respective role of dissolution and particle transport processes in the formation of cavities in gypsum horizons. Rotating disk experiments allow us to determine the kinetic rate model parameters of each sample by measuring the electrical conductivity of a solution up to saturation. The results were analyzed according to the initial solution, the temperature as well as the texture of the facies and the roughness developed during dissolution. As a result of this roughness, dissolution is dominated by diffusive transport in the boundary layer. The effective dissolution rate values are found between 2 and 12 mg/m²/s, depend on the insoluble content and their distribution, and therefore lower than the dissociation rate of the gypsum mineral. The lowest values refer to the matrix textured gypsum with insoluble content that serves as coating for the gypsum grains. The impact of erosion and particle transport related to gypsum dissolution was determined by controlled leaching tests involving a collection of the released grains. For each gypsum facies tested, the particular flux is found low composed mostly of insoluble grains. The distribution of insoluble at the interface is found to have a large influence on the dissolution.To extend these results to in situ conditions, the influence of the groundwater composition and the mineralogy of the insoluble particles was studied from geochemical simulations and validated with water analyses during and at the end of the rotating disk experiments. These findings were applied on two sites to evaluate an effective recession rate using the measured or estimated porosity and insoluble content of a natural gypsum and the groundwater saturation index obtained from its chemical analysis
El, Samra Rami. "How digital communications impact passenger facilitation at hub airports with particular emphasis on transfer passengers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/114099/2/Rami_El_Samra_Thesis.pdf.
Full textCarden, Michael Joseph. "Union democracy and incorporation : a case study of the Transport and General Workers Union Merseyside Division with particular reference to the dock industry." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387272.
Full textBibian, João Paulo Rambelli. "Caracterização hidrogeoquímica da microbacia de drenagem do córrego Barra Bonita, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-14032008-084944/.
Full textThe study in the Barra Bonita stream small watershed (S: 22o 25\' 53,9\" and W: 48o 32\' 34,8\") aimed to characterize its hydrogeochemical parameters by dissolved and particulate material transport models to identify the relations between soil use and water quality. Because there was no longer an environmental zoning in the municipality of Barra Bonita, this study was pioneer on the watershed environmental investigation, which may contribute directly to future conservation plans for the utilization of this water source as public supplying. The study was conducted from September 2005 to December 2006 in four main watershed tributaries where eight sampling points were established, upstream to downstream, for water sampling along with the hidrogram phases. Besides that, an intensive sampling excursion was carried out during a storm event in order to achieve better data about the dissolved and particulate material transport. In this study were analyzed the following hydrogeochemical parameters: discharge, major dissolved ions, suspended sediments concentrations and their isotopic characterization for particulate carbon and nitrogen, dissolved and particulate transport, dissolved metals concentration and the biodisponibilty of metal from the bottom aquatic sediments, superficial and sub superficial components of the total discharge and the punctual and diffuse input mechanisms of dissolved and particulate load for spatial and time scales. For the dissolved material in the watershed the major chemical species presented decreased concentrations with the discharge, showing the dominance of punctual input processes in the watershed. On the other hand during the storm flow event the ions concentrations increased with the discharge, showing their superficial origins in this condition. The dominant chemical species were HCO3-, Na+ and Ca2+, which were related to the regional geological formation and punctual input by agriculture like gypsum, liming and stillage. The agricultural area of the watershed presented the major contribution to the transported dissolved load in thee rainy period while the punctual inputs of domestic sewage and urban waters more important in the dry period. The suspended particulate material showed significant correlation with the discharge increasing and the agricultural part was source of the total transported load in the watershed. The isotopic characterization of the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen showed the fractioning processes of the isotopic signature from the C4 plants (sugarcane) matrix presented in the watershed, which were more related to the soil organic matter mineralization as well as with the pollution input from the urban area Only at high flows periods the particulate organic carbon was to the C4 \"delta\"% values. The dissolved metals concentrations were low as previewed, except for Fe and Al that were related to the regional soil types. The metals biodisponibility in the bottom aquatic sediments were also low in relation to more industrialized regions
Spiller, Martin Werner. "Modélisation physique et numérique d'écoulements et transports en milieux hétérogènes fracturés : écoulement à haut reynolds et transport particulaire réactif." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000066/.
Full textSpiller, Martin Werner Ababou Rachid Köngeter Jürgen. "Modélisation physique et numérique d'écoulements et transports en milieux hétérogènes fracturés écoulement à haut reynolds et transport particulaire réactif /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000066.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 16 p.
Raffort, Valentin. "Modélisation des particules : Participation à Eurodelta et étude au voisinage d'une raffinerie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1178/document.
Full textEulerian Chemical-Transport Models (CTM) simulate the formation of atmospheric pollutants in gridded domain with horizontal resolutions that are usually of the order of several kilometers. Industrial plumes emitted from elevated stacks with initial dimensions of a few meters are, therefore, artificially diluted in those grid cells, thereby deteriorating the representation of their potential impact on local air quality. A Plume-in-Grid modeling approach may be used to improve the representation of industrial plumes. The Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid model treats point source emissions with a Gaussian puff model, dynamically interacting with an Eulerian model. This approach allows one to model air quality at several scales (regional to continental) while ensuring a good representation of industrial plumes from local to continental scales.In this thesis, the Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid model has been improved by integrating a finer representation of the particle size distribution. Several studies were also conducted in order to further the model performance evaluation at various scales. This thesis consists of two main parts.The first part covers the evaluation of the Polyphemus Eulerian model at the continental scale, in the context of the Eurodelta model intercomparison project. The current phase of Eurodelta consists in studying pollution trends at the European scale over the past two decades and the sensitivity of those trends to meteorology, European emissions, and extra-European emissions (represented in the models by the boundary conditions). In this context, the performance statistics of the Polyphemus Eulerian model are evaluated in comparison to seven other CTM. This thesis focuses principally on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) modeling, and their sensitivity to various parameterizations used in the participating CTM.The second part presents applications of the Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid modelto different field measurement campaigns. The first campaign focuses on the month of April 2013, in the vicinity of the Total refinery of Grandpuits, Seine-et-Marne. Model performance is evaluated at the regional scale, with the refinery sources treated with the Plume-in-Grid representation. The refinery contribution to local respirable particle concentrations, in interaction with local sources, is analyzed. Next, the model is applied to two measurement campaigns of the TEMMAS project (“TEledetection, Measure, Modeling of Atmospheric pollutants on industrial sites”), conducted in the vicinity of the Total refinery at La Mède, Bouches-du-Rhône, in September 2015 and February 2016. The performance of the Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid model is evaluated with intensive measurements of mass concentrations, number concentrations, and chemical composition of particles in the vicinity of the refinery
Nolasco, Murilo Basso. "Transporte de material dissolvido e particulado na bacia do rio Sorocaba - São Paulo: aspectos dinâmicos da hidroquímica fluvial e modelos de distribuição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-02102013-104938/.
Full textThis study aimed to characterize the hydrogeochemical along the Sorocaba river basin (SP), in five sampling stations, located from the headwaters region, S5-Ibiúna station, passing through areas with higher urban and agricultural influences (S4 - Votorantim, S3 - Itavuvu and S2 and Tatuí, to the mouth of the basin under study, S1 - Laranjal Paulista, using models of transport on dissolved and particulate phases. Samples of river water, pluvial, fine suspended sediment (FSS) and the main soils types were collected over 18 months. Important physico-chemical characterization of dissolved and particulate loads were determined. The hydrochemical features of the river water showed that the chemical species SiO2, Ca2 +, Mg2+, K +, HCO3-and TDS indicated possible diffuse contributions and species Na +, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NH4+ and NO3-indicated origin contributions. The dissolved chemical element who more contributed in transport dissolved specific in S1-Laranjal Paulista), was Na+ for cations, with 24,25 kg km-2 d-1 and for anions was HCO3- with 53.97 kg km-2 d-1. In the rain Ca2+ was the chemical species with the highest contribution to the river load with 54.89%. The suspended particulate matter, represented by the FSS, the specific transport ranged from 22.68 to 55.70 t km-2 a-1, from the region of the headwaters to the mouth, respectively. The river was classified as medium transporting fine sediment in suspension and the mechanical erosion was the 37.88 m .Ma-1
Iskandar, Abdo. "Phonon Heat Transport and Photon-phonon Interaction in Nanostructures." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0010.
Full textIn this dissertation, we investigate phonon heat transport and phonon interaction with optical elementary excitations in nanostructures. In the first chapter, we present an introduction to the physics of phonons and optical elementary excitations in nanostructured materials. The second chapter provides a detailed description of the samples growth and fabrication procedures and the various characterization techniques used. In the third chapter, we demonstrate that phonons and photons of different momenta can be confined and interact with each other within the same nanostructure. In the fourth chapter, we present experimental evidence on the change of the phonon spectrum and vibrational properties of a bulk material through phonon hybridization mechanisms. We demonstrate that the phonon spectrum of a bulk material can be altered by hybridization between confined phonon modes in nanostructures introduced on the surface of the material and the underlying bulk phonon modes. Shape and size of the nanostructures made on the surface of the substrate have strong effects on the phonon spectrum of the bulk material itself. In the fifth chapter, we demonstrate that at low temperatures (below 4 K) the nanowire specific heat exhibits a clear contribution from an essentially two-dimensional crystal. We also demonstrate that transitions from specular to diffusive elastic transmission and then from diffusive elastic to diffusive inelastic transmission occur at the interface between nanowires and a bulk substrate as temperature increases. Perspectives include the control of bulk material thermal properties via surface nanostructuring
Headey, Jonathan Mark. "Modelling of river corridors : modelling urban particulate transport processes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289714.
Full textNOETINGER, BENOIT. "Sedimentation et transport de particules dans un fluide visqueux." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066377.
Full textLachaussée, Florent. "Érosion et transport de particules au voisinage d'un obstacle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS377/document.
Full textErosion occurs when a fluid flowing over a granular bed exerts a large enough shear stress. When the fluid encounters an obstacle, the modification of the flow leads to a local over speed, and thus on an increase of the shear stress in the vicinity of the obstacle. As a result, the erosion is locally enhanced and is called scouring. In this work, we investigate this complicated situation experimentally at the laboratory scale. In particular, we address the question of the scouring threshold, i.e., the minimum critical approach velocity of the fluid leading to erosion in the vicinity of the obstacle. We report the existence of two different scouring patterns: the traditional horseshoe scour at the base of the obstacle, which dominates at large flow velocities, and we also highlight another scouring pattern downstream, which is called rabbit ear scour, at moderate speeds. We determine the onset of both erosion patterns visually using different grains and obstacles. Besides, we measure the bed topography over time using a laser profilometer. By monitoring the bed topography during the scouring process, we characterize the morphology of both scouring patterns and rationalize their competitive dynamics by measuring their formation timescale. In most cases, the rabbit ear scour development is inhibited by the faster horseshoe scour growth. The characterization of the flow using Particles Image Velocimetry (PIV), provides information on the shear stress exerted by the fluid flow on the grains, with and without obstacle. We can thus rationalize the threshold values for both scouring patterns, associated with different flow structures
Roullier, François. "Production, transport et transformation de la matière particulaire dans le premier kilomètre des océans : impact des zones à minimum d'oxygène." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066168.
Full textIn the biological pump system, incorporation and sequestration of atmospheric carbon into marine sediment result of carbon fixation at ocean surface, followed by its sinking through the water column in the form of particulate carbon. In the euphotic zone (0-200m), phytoplankton photosynthesis allows carbon fixation into organic particles that are consumed by other heterotrophic organisms. Particulate organic carbon produced directly by phytoplankton (as aggregated particles) or indirectly by organisms (for example as faecal pellets) represent the main vector of carbon export to deep ocean. In this context, efficiency of the biological pump is a function of the settling speed of a particle and only those particles with sufficient mass and size reach the sediment. These considerations permit us to conclude that particles with a diameter greater than 500µm, known as "marine snow", contribute significantly to deep export. During the TARA expedition, the use of a UVP (Underwater Vision Profiler) allowed to establish the size distribution of particles (> 100µm) from the ocean surface to 1500m depth, with more than 150 sampling stations across 3 major oceans. With this database completed by environmental variables, we tried to evaluate intensity of particulate flux and identify biotic and abiotic processes influencing this export. In the first part of this work, a clustering based on flux profiles showed the importance of surface production and contribution of each phytoplanktonic community (pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton) to particulate flux under surface, but also the role of transformation processes in different oceanic regions to flux attenuation. Except in oligotrophic regions where surface particulate stock is very low, we observed that the weakest flux attenuation k = 0,35 +/- 0,26) corresponded to the "Oxygen Minimum Zones" (OMZ). The second part of this work is related to OMZ in order to understand which processes are involved in the dynamics of particulate vertical transfer. On the base of biogeochemical measurements taken by optical and image sensors, we could observe that weak attenuation values in OMZ were in fact the result of a deep increase of 5 to 15% of flux. We discuss this increase as a consequence of zooplankton mesopelagic communities activity living at the lower oxycline of the suboxic layer, but we also proposed a potential influence of anaerobic microorganisms on degradation and modification of the settling organic matter in the suboxic core. The last section of this work focuses on the most intense OMZ, located in the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean). We used a Lagrangian particle model to evaluate the possibility of advective particulate transport from coastal area (Persian Gulf) to the open ocean, which could supply the OMZ suboxic layer with organic
Almer, Julie Champagne Jean-Yves Bigillon Françoise. "Etude expérimentale du rôle de la turbulence de paroi dans le transport de particules." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=le_louvetel-pouilly.
Full textWilliams, Mark Richard. "Particulate trace metals in British coastal waters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1934.
Full textJÃnior, Roberto Lima da Costa Cisne. "Transporte de Fluidos e PartÃculas em Meios Irregulares." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13645.
Full textO escoamento de fluidos no interior de estruturas irregulares apresenta certa complexidade. De inÃcio, investigamos o transporte de partÃculas no interior de uma estrutura ramificada tridimensional semelhante a um pulmÃo. Essas partÃculas sÃo arrastadas por um fluido Newtoniano. Verificamos que a estrutura ramificada se comporta como um separador de partÃculas por tamanho, e que alguns parÃmetros geomÃtricos podem ser ajustados para controlar essa separaÃÃo. Depois, estudamos o escoamento de um fluido Newtoniano e partÃculas pontuais no interior de canais catracas bidimensionais. Estes canais foram modelados de forma a permitir uma quebra de simetria espacial na direÃÃo do escoamento. No entanto, nÃo encontramos mudanÃas significativas relacionadas ao perfil de escoamento do fluido. Jà em relaÃÃo Ãs partÃculas ocorre uma grande assimetria no tempo mÃdio de trÃnsito devido à existÃncia de caminhos que se estabelecem prÃximos Ãs paredes de perfil assimÃtrico. Assim, mostramos como obter um efeito catraca das partÃculas, podendo ocorrer uma seleÃÃo das mesmas em determinadas condiÃÃes de escoamento. Finalmente, analisamos o escoamento de fluidos nÃo-Newtonianos no interior de meios porosos bidimensionais. O fluido escolhido pode exibir dois principais regimes de escoamento: de altas viscosidades, quando em baixas tensÃes; e baixas viscosidades, quando em tensÃes mais elevadas. Para tal, utilizamos o modelo de Herschel-Bulkley usado em fluidos de Bingham (pseudoplÃsticos). Como resultado encontramos um regime de escoamento peculiar, apresentando uma forte canalizaÃÃo do fluido no interior do meio poroso.
Adams, Helen Sarah. "Exposure assessment of urban transport users to particulate air pollution." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246812.
Full textRodger, Joanne Margaret. "Theoretical and experimental modelling of bacterial transport through particulate matter." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311197.
Full textYahiaoui, Samir. "Transport de petites particules par un écoulement de fluide visqueux." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066384.
Full textThis work contributes to the study of hydrodynamic interactions between particles and wall in low Reynolds number fluid flow. Various axisymetric Stokes flows are calculated for a sphere near a plane wall. Perturbation techniques are then used to determine hydrodynamic forces, namely the viscous inertial unsteady drag force for the motion of a sphere normal to a plane wall and the lift on a sphere moving parallel to a plane wall in various ambient flow fields; regardless of the sphere to wall distance. In the lubrication regime, corrections are also derived for the approximated fluid velocity and pressure around a sphere settling normal to a wall
Meunier, Michel-Ange. "Envol et transport de particules en couche limité turbulente instationnaire." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/88ecdd6d-74f4-4c5e-a2d5-6fc59a13271b.
Full textThis experimental study deals with particles laden wind generated above piles of materials in steelworks sites. Especially, unsteady aspect of the flow is taken into account. Take-off and transport processes are connected with turbulent fluctuations which result of coherent structures in the near wall region. Gust analysis shows predominance of low frequencies in the energy spectrum. Hot wires gauges are used in a pulsating wind channel (frequency from 0. 1 to 0. 5 Hz) in order to measure the 2nd, 3rd or 4th mode, results are in good agreement with literature. ʪ+ is the main parameter to characterize pulsating flows. For ʪ+ values from 109 to 213, turbulence reacts in the same way as reported in others studies but with different ranges. Moreover, turbulence characteristics measured from static wall jauge are the same as those obtained with jauge mounted on a traversing mechanism. Spherical particles laden flow shows a saltation process. Experimental investigations consist on images processing and weighting method. In stationary mode, mass flux and slope of particles concentration profiles are in good agreement with literature. According to velocities values, a temporal decay of the two previous parameters is observed. Particles velocities profiles are determined by cross-correlation processing. In pulsating flow, mass flux mean values decrease, which could be attributed to the phase shift between solid and fluid phases. This behaviour seems to depend on the ratio of characteristic times of both phases. Moments of the longitudinal wall shear stress and velocity fluctuations. In stationary stationary mode, mass flux and slope of particles concentration profiles are in good agreement with literature. According to velocities values, a temporal decay of the two previous parameters is observed. Particles velocities profiles are determined by cross-correlation processing. In pulsating flow, mass flux mean values decrease, which could be attributed to the phase shift between solid and fluid phases. This behaviour seems to depend on the ratio of characteristic times of both phases
Reboul, Nadège. "Transport de particules dans les milieux granulairesApplication à l'érosion interne." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0024.
Full textInternal erosion is the phenomenon by which soil particles are entrained and washed out from an hydraulic earth structure by water seeping flows. It is one of the most widespread causes of failure of levees and embankment dams. So to guarantee security, it is crucial to locate and quantify mass transfers within granular materials. Filter criteria are employed to assess transfer properties of a granular medium. They rely on the soil grading curve which is a local characteristics of the solid material. In a same way, it has been proposed to carry out a microscopic analysis of void space where transported particles flow. Void networks in sphere packings are charaterized morphologically and topologically thanks to a Delaunay tessellation. Specific behaviours resulting from relative density changes have been studied. Several measures of pores and constrictions, smallest paths between pores, are defined, which enables us to plan to correlate void space organization and possibilities for particles to migrate within this space. This correlation assumes that particles are captured by a size exclusion mechanism : a transported particle is blocked if it encounters a constriction smaller than it. A purely geometrical model has been proposed to estimate the travel length that a particle with a given size can cover within a granular medium. Because this model was unable to take into account structural changes of the material at macroscopic scale, a new approach has been developped. It is in line with the theory of continuous media but a local void characteristics, the constriction size distribution, has been added. This improvement has been made possible because an analytical formula has been proposed to calculate the constriction size distribution from the particle size distribution. This analytical formula results from discrete numerical analyses
Santos, Sabrina Martins dos. "Projeto e montagem de unidade piloto de transporte pneumatico em fase diluida para estudo da relação entre a perda de carga e a distribuição de particulas granulares na seção transversal de dutos industriais." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267065.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: O transporte pneumático que envolve o uso do ar para deslocar materiais particulados através de tubulações é uma importante operação em diversos processos industriais e químicos. Exemplos típicos são sistemas de conversão de energia de carvão, craqueamento catalítico, secagem e transporte de sólidos finos e granulares. O transporte pneumático convencional é frequentemente operado em fase diluída na qual as partículas permanecem suspensas numa região de alta velocidade de ar. É de uso difundido em função de baixo custo de aquisição, operação e manutenção em relação aos transportadores de correia, canecas e helicoidal. Um dos maiores inconvenientes é o desgaste da parte inferior da tubulação. A velocidade superficial do gás, o diâmetro da partícula e da tubulação, o tipo e a forma da partícula influenciam o transporte pneumático. Como conseqüência desta complexidade, estes sistemas são baseados em correlações empíricas obtidas por meio de estudos experimentais para cada sólido, em geral em dutos de diâmetro reduzido sem dados da distribuição de partículas na seção transversal das unidades. Este trabalho teve como objetivo projetar econstruir uma unidade piloto de transporte pneumático em fase diluída e obter uma curva característica de perda de carga em função da velocidade do ar, da vazão de sólidos e da distribuição dos polímeros polietileno, polipropileno e poliestireno. O sistema foi constituído basicamente de um ventilador centrífugo de pás semi-abertas com diâmetro de 210 mm, acoplado a um motor em balanço de 1 hp com rotação variável. Os sólidos foram alimentados de um silo ao transportador por meio de uma válvula rotativa. A mistura ar-partícula foi transportada através de tubos horizontais de acrílico e aço com diâmetro interno de 117 mm e comprimento total de 4020 mm e descarregada em um módulo de coleta de 9 tubos de alumínio de seção quadrada onde foram acoplados a telas filtrantes de náilon para retenção dos sólidos no final do transportador. O sistema permitiu construir curvas que relacionam a vazão do sólido, perda de carga por metro de tubo e, de forma não convencional, a relação destes parâmetros com a distribuição das partículas na seção transversal de duto de dimensões industriais. O trabalho demonstrou que nas condições que comumente se projetam as unidades industriais de transporte pneumático, em fase diluída, em geral mais de 70% dos sólidos estão no terço inferior da tubulação, gerando desgastes nestas regiões, com paradas e lucros cessantes para manutenção.
Abstract: The pneumatic transport that involves the use of air particles to move materials through pipes is a major operation in various industries and chemical processes. Typical examples are systems for the conversion of energy from coal, catalytic cracking, drying and transport of solid and fine granular. The conventional pneumatic transport is often operated in dilute phase where the particles remain suspended in a region of high speed air. It is the widespread use due to low cost of acquisition, operation and maintenance on belt conveyors, mugs and helicoidal. One of the biggest problems is the erosion of the bottom of the pipe. The superficial velocity of the gas, the diameter of the particle and the pipe, the type and shape of particles affect the pneumatic transport. As a result of this complexity, these systems are based on empirical correlations obtained from experimental studies for each solid, generally in small diameter pipelines without data distribution of particles in the cross section of the units. This study aimed to design, build a pilot plant for pneumatic conveying in dilute phase and get a curve of pressure drop on the basis of speed and air flow rate and distribution of solid polymer polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. The system consisted basically of centrifugal fan semi-open blades with diameter of 210 mm, coupled to a balanced-blower motor, 1 hp with variable rotation. The solids were fed from a silo to the carrier through a rotary valve. The air-particle mixture was transported through horizontal tubes of acrylic and steel with internal diameter of 117 mm and a total length of approximately 4,020 mm and unloaded in a collector module nine square-section aluminum pipes where they were coupled nylon mesh filter for retention of solids at the end of the carrier. The system helped build figures relate to the flow of solid, pressure drop per meter of pipe, and unconventional way, the relationship of these parameters with the distribution of particles in the cross section of industrial-sized product. The work showed that under the conditions that commonly are projected industrial units to pneumatic transport dilute phase in general, more than 70% of the solids are in the lower third of the pipe causing damage in these regions with stops and profit for maintenance.
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Frey, Philippe. "Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique du transport turbulent de particules solides dans un décanteur." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1412_pfrey.pdf.
Full textTransport of solid particles in suspension within a turbulent flow has been studied in physical models of settling tanks consisting of a sloping backward facing step and an outlet weir. Mean and fluctuating velocities have been measured by laser Doppler anemometry particularly in the recirculation region generated by the step. Particles injection allowed to determine percentages of outgoing particles as well as the repartition of sedimented particles. Thèse experimental results were used to assess the influence of the geometry on the settling tank efficiency. Experimental results on velocity fields were compared with a vertical two-dimensional turbulence model (VEST code). Results relative to the transport of particles were confronted to the output of an eulero-lagrangian three-dimensional model for the simulation of solid particles trajectories (TRAPS code). This code uses as input the mean field calculated by VEST. A good agreement has been obtained on outgoing percentages as well as on the repartition of sedimented particles
Ho, Tuan-Duc. "Étude expérimentale du transport de particules dans une couche limite turbulente." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S111.
Full textCette thèse, qui s'inscrit dans la problématique du transport éolien du sable, a porté sur la caractérisation expérimentale du transport de particules en saltation dans une couche limite turbulente. Les mesures ont été effectuées dans une soufflerie. Nous avons étudié deux configurations différentes de transport: l'une sur un sol érodible et l'autre sur un sol rigide. Nos résultats ont montré que sur un sol érodible, le transport particulaire se trouve confiné dans une couche près du sol. L'extension verticale de cette couche ainsi que la vitesse des particules est de façon surprenante indépendante de la force de l'écoulement. Ces résultats suggèrent que c'est le phénomène de collision des particules avec le sol qui gouverne les principales caractéristiques de la couche en saltation. Ces caractéristiques ont été confirmées pour différentes tailles de grains sur une gamme allant de 200 à 600 microns. Enfin, nous montrons et expliquons pourquoi le flux varie quadratiquement avec la vitesse de frottement, en contradiction avec la loi cubique de Bagnold. Sur sol rigide, nos mesures montrent une dynamique de transport radicalement différente. La couche de saltation sur sol rigide est beaucoup plus épaisse que sur sol érodible (100 mm et plus contre 10mm) et ses caractéristiques (épaisseur, vitesse des particules. . . ) sont très dépendantes de la vitesse de l'écoulement. Par ailleurs, l'efficacité du transport est nettement supérieure sur sol rigide et la capacité maximale de transport suit une loi cubique avec la vitesse de frottement. Ces derniers résultats soulignent le rôle primordial des conditions aux limites au sol sur la dynamique de transport par saltation
Nascimento, Katia Halter. "Determinação de compostos orgânicos no aerossol atmosférico em sítios da América do Sul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-26042010-155351/.
Full textHundreds of organic compounds are emitted to the atmosphere by biogenic and anthropogenic sources. This complex mixture generates concern due to the impact of these compounds on health and environment. In spite of accounting for 10-70% of the atmospheric aerosol mass, particulate-phase organic compounds are not yet well characterized. The contribution of the major emission sources to regional particulate pollution can be diagnosed by using specific molecular markers. According to this necessity, the present work has as objective the characterization of organic compounds from atmospheric aerosol collected in sites of South American cities. The particulate matter (PM10) sampling were accomplished in two areas in Bogota (Colombia), one with industrial (BOI) and other with vehicular (BOV) influence in 2007, and in urban areas in Sao Paulo (Brazil) in 2007 (SPA 07) and 2008 (SPA 08), and in Buenos Aires (BAI), Argentina, in 2008. Different organic classes were determined: n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), n-alkanals and n-alkanones by gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer detection (CG/MS). The aerosol atmospheric composition and concentration were substantially affected by mass transport from biomass burning regions and by the local meteorological conditions. In SPA 08, BOI and BAI were found the highest PM10 concentrations where the samplings were accomplished in dry period, contributing for the pollutants accumulation. The PM10 organic composition at studied sites reflects the incorporation from biogenic molecular markers in the samples like n-alkanes with odd carbon number. Among the anthropogenic tracers, were identified the presence of pristane and phytane, the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and PAH from fossil fuel combustion. In SPA 08 was observed the presence of retene, a biomass burning tracer. Higher concentration from n-alkanals and n-alkanones were observed at the BOV site. The n-alkanals (< C20) identified at sites from this work may be originated from oxidation of alkanes and alkenes, and n-alkanones (< C20) are derived from anthropogenic activity, atmospheric oxidative processes or microbial action over other compounds.
Nicolas, Timothée. "Sawtooth driven particle transport in tokamak plasmas." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/92/64/28/PDF/SawtoothDrivenParticleTransportInTokamakPlasmas_09_01_2014.pdf.
Full textThe radial transport of particles in tokamaks is one of the most stringent issues faced by the magnetic confinement fusion community, because the fusion power is proportional to the square of the pressure, and also because accumulation of heavy impurities in the core leads to important power losses which can lead to a "radiative collapse". Sawteeth and the associated periodic redistribution of the core quantities can significantly impact the radial transport of electrons and impurities. In this thesis, we perform numerical simulations of sawteeth using a nonlinear tridimensional magnetohydrodynamic code called XTOR-2F to study the particle transport induced by sawtooth crashes. We show that the code recovers, after the crash, the fine structures of electron density that are observed with fast-sweeping reflectometry on the JET and TS tokamaks. The presence of these structure may indicate a low efficiency of the sawtooth in expelling the impurities from the core. However, applying the same code to impurity profiles, we show that the redistribution is quantitatively similar to that predicted by Kadomtsev's model, which could not be predicted a priori. Hence finally the sawtooth flushing is efficient in expelling impurities from the core
Dauphin, Cyril. "Accélération, transport et rayonnement des particules accélérées lors des éruptions solaires." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066018.
Full textChang, Tao. "Evaluation of programming models for manycore and / or heterogeneous architectures for Monte Carlo neutron transport codes." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX099.
Full textIn this thesis we propose to evaluate the different programming models available for addressing manycore and / or heterogeneous architectures within the framework of the Monte Carlo transport codes. A simple but representative application test case will be considered in order to cover a fairly wide range of solutions and compare them in terms of performance, portability of performance, ease of implementation and maintainability. The target architectures are `classic' CPUs, Intel Xeon Phi and GPUs. The most relevant programming models will then be set up in a Monte Carlo transport code
Cassel, Mathieu. "Caractérisation des particules dans les lits à galets : expérimentation, développements, méthodologiques et applications in situ." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN087/document.
Full textThe influence of fluvial systems dynamics on riverine landscape patterns is the consequence of complex ecosystem dynamics. These driving factors can be analysed at different spatiotemporal scales of the fluvial system (for example: river basin, functional units, alluvial megaforms or sedimentary particles). The dynamic of fluvial systems depends on the equilibrium between solid and liquid fluids. For this reason, the geomorphological status of watercourses can be described from a sedimentary perspective taking into account general trends at large scale, local characteristics such as incision, aggradation, sedimentary migration or the alteration of particles’ geometrical properties that constitute bed load. Thus, a better understanding of the influence of past and present sedimentary flows on the geomorphological status of watercourses has at the same time an ecological impact (permeability of both the alluvial layer and the hyporheic zone and its self-filtration function (Datry et al., 2008)), a political impact (related to flood management, erosion risks and issues or hydraulic facilities) or even a philosophical issue (what is the appropriate reference for what fluvial system? What is the role of Humanity on these anthropized environments and at what extent?).Thus, the development of methodological tools to characterize sedimentary flows or the observed dynamics on rivers, is considered a major and rising research issue. The research studies described in this thesis are structured in three distinct topics: (1) physical properties of sedimentary particles; (2) their mobility; (3) their transformation as a consequence of abrasion.In this context, we have analysed the relationship between breakage and low recovery rates for natural tracers (limestone pebbles) equipped with low frequency passive transponders (PIT-tag). In addition, we have tested the use of synthetic pebbles to create new tracers equipped with high frequency active transponders (a-UHF), more performant than PIT-tags. Secondly, we have developed a new search and location field methodology specially, adapted to these new transponders. Thirdly, we have tested the sensibility of the toolbox developed by Roussillon et al. (2009), design to measure the roundness of coarse sedimentary particles, to different entry parameters. We have confirmed its interest to (1) analyse the relationship between particles normalized abrasion and its roundness trends; (2) analyse the hydrosedimentary dynamics at a river basin scale. We have included several recommendations to apply this toolbox in the appropriate conditions. Finally, we have performed a comparative analysis between particles’ density and shape and its influence on bedrock transport. These results highlight the significant influence of shape on travelled distance in comparison with density
Bec, Jérémie. "Particules, singularités et turbulence." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066027.
Full textSardoy, Nicolas. "Transport et combustion de particules générées par un feu de végétation." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289521.
Full textOuriemi, Malika. "Erosion, transport et instabilités d'un lit de particules dans un tube." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202496.
Full textFritz, Christelle. "Transport de liquide et de particules dans un bord de Plateau." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110549.
Full textLes mousses contenant des particules se rencontrent dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. Il existe de nombreux articles sur le problème de l'attachement et l'étude des collisions entre les particules et les bulles. Mais le problème des particules véhiculées dans la phase liquide d'une mousse n'a pas été étudié. L'originalité de ce travail de thèse consiste à réaliser des mesures à l'échelle d'un bord de Plateau, en se focalisant sur l'influence du tensioactif. Cette étude permet d'obtenir de nouveaux résultats et d'éclairer les désaccords entre expériences et théories.
Nous avons développé un appareil, le Plateau Border Apparatus, pour un double objectif : l'étude du transport de liquide et la caractérisation de la mobilité de l'interface. L'épaisseur des films, la forme de la section du bord de Plateau ainsi que les pertes de charges ont été mesurées à débits imposés. Ensuite, la viscosité de surface est extraite par ajustement à partir de ces valeurs.
Les mesures de la viscosité de cisaillement de surface obtenue avec le PBA ont mis en évidence deux régimes « interface rigide/mobile » et des contradictions avec les expériences de drainage d'une mousse.
La rhéologie interfaciale des solutions utilisées étant ainsi connue, il a été alors possible d'étudier expérimentalement l'effet de la mobilité des interfaces sur la sédimentation et l'entraînement des particules dans un bord de Plateau. L'effet de la position de la particule sédimentant est important. La particule permet de sonder la mobilité de l'interface et de corroborer les résultats de viscosité de surface obtenus par le PBA. Nous avons montré ensuite que l'entraînement des particules dépend de l'interface.
Le PBA est un nouvel outil pour l'étude des mousses qui a l'avantage, par rapport à la balance de Sheludko, de travailler en dynamique et non pas à l'équilibre.
Ford, William Isaac III. "PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON FATE AND TRANSPORT IN A LOWLAND, TEMPERATE WATERSHED." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/647.
Full textLouvet, Nicolas. "Étude multi-échelles du transport de particules dans les mousses liquides." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541198.
Full textLin, Jiashu. "La formation et le transport des particules dans le plasma froid." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3029.
Full textThis thesis studies the dust particles in plasmas. It consists of two parts. The first part is the formation of dust particles, that is to study how the dust particles are generated from the reactive gas in the plasmas. The second part is the transport behaviour of dust particles, that is to study how the dust particles act in the plasmas.In the part of the formation of dust particles, carbon dust particles are generated in the plasmas. It is known that the formation process of dust particles in plasmas can be determined by 3 steps: nucleation, agglomeration and surface grow. The nucleation step is focused. The results of experiments show that the nucleation process occurs faster in higher power, higher pressure and lower temperature. The dependency of the nucleation time on the temperature is explained by the vibration-transition energy relaxation mechanism, and that on the RF power and pressure is explained by the ratio of the charge and diffusion time of the small dust particles.In the part of the transport behaviours of dust particles, industrially fabricated particles with determined size are injected into Ar plasmas. The particles in the plasmas are observed by laser scattering with a CCD camera. The diagnostics of plasma are performed by a double langmuir probe. Pulse-time modulation to the Ar RF plasmas is studied to be a factor to influence and to control the transport of dust particles. Particles of mono-dispersed size are firstly studied in the plasmas. It is shown that the levitating positions and falling down processes can be controlled by the RF power and pulse-time modulation. Secondly, two sizes particles are injected into the plasma at same time. The different transport behaviours, as like the segmentation of levitation and different timing of falling down basis on their size, are observed. Particles of mixture sizes can be separated one size particles from other sizes. The mechanisms of transport behaviours of the dust particles are investigated by the combination of the diagnostic of plasma parameters (electron temperature and ion density in principle) by the double langmuir probe and calculation of the forces acting on the dust particles. Calculation methods adjusting to the specific experiment setup are established. The calculation results have a good agreement with that of the experiments
Ouriemi, Malika Ouerda Sandrine. "Erosion, transport et instabilités d'un lit de particules dans un tube." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11045.
Full textTebbe, Patrick A. "Numerical investigation of physical vapor and particulate transport under microgravity conditions /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841341.
Full textReboul, Nadège Cambou Bernard. "Transport de particules dans les milieux granulaires Application à l'érosion interne /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/nreboul.pdf.
Full textYusuf, Mary E. "Heat transfer and mass transport studies in gas-particulate solids flows." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688301.
Full textChibani, Omar. "Simulation du transport de particules (photons, électrons et positrons) : le système GEPTS." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30090.
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