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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Particular transport

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Academic literature on the topic 'Particular transport'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Particular transport"

1

Grieco, Margaret, and Ronald McQuaid. "Symposium on Transport and Particular Populations." Research in Transportation Economics 25, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2009.08.005.

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ILIEV, BOZHIDAR Z. "CONNECTIONS, PARALLEL TRANSPORTS AND TRANSPORTS ALONG PATHS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 05, no. 07 (November 2008): 1137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887808003260.

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The concepts "connection", "parallel transport" and "transport along paths" are axiomatically defined. In differentiable bundles, bijective mappings between the sets of connections, parallel transports and transports along paths satisfying some additional conditions are found; in particular, the equivalence between the concepts "connection" and "(axiomatically defined) parallel transport" is established. Some results, which are specific for topological and vector bundles, are presented.

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ILIEV, BOZHIDAR Z. "LINKS BETWEEN CONNECTIONS, PARALLEL TRANSPORTS AND TRANSPORTS ALONG PATHS IN DIFFERENTIABLE FIBER BUNDLES." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 02, no. 05 (October 2005): 823–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887805000806.

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The axiomatic approach to parallel transport theory is partially discussed. Bijective correspondences between the sets of connections, (axiomatically defined) parallel transports and transports along paths that satisfy some additional conditions are constructed. In particular, the equivalence between the concepts "connection" and "(axiomatically defined) parallel transport" is established.

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Trubia, Salvatore, Alessandro Severino, Salvatore Curto, Fabio Arena, and Giovanni Pau. "On BRT Spread around the World: Analysis of Some Particular Cities." Infrastructures 5, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5100088.

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The goal of civil engineering has always been the research and implementation of methods, technologies, and infrastructures to improve the community’s quality of life. One of the branches of civil engineering that has the strongest effect on progress is transport. The quality of transport has a profound economic and social impact on our communities regarding trade (freight transport) and city livability (public transport systems). However, innovation is not the only way to improve the features above-mentioned, especially public transport, considering that it is usually beneficial to enhance and repurpose vehicles with appropriate adjustments to offer more efficient services. Other perspectives that influence public transport systems are the costs and times of design and construction, maintenance, operating costs, and environmental impact, especially concerning CO2 emissions. Considering these issues, among the various types of existing public transport systems, those of the so-called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) offer worthwhile results. The BRT system is a type of public road transport operated by bus on reserved lanes, and it is significantly profitable, especially from an economic point of view, in areas where there are existing bus routes. Nonetheless, for the construction of works minimization, it is closely linked to other features that improve its usefulness, depending on the vehicles’ quality such as capacity, but above all, the propulsion or driving autonomy that would guarantee high efficiency. This paper introduces an analysis of some BRT systems operating worldwide, presenting the background, general technical features, and the correlation with autonomous vehicles.

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Bošnjak, Rino, Danko Kezić, Goran Belamarić, and Srećko Krile. "MODELLING OF VTS SUPERVISOR BY ALGORITHM BASED ON PETRI NET: CASE STUDY OF DOVER INCIDENT." Transport 36, no. 4 (November 11, 2021): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.15824.

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The paper deals with collision prevention problem in maritime transport in the area of the narrow canals with predefined routes. The Dover incident, which is analysed and described in the paper, has shown that the control of the passage of ships through the critical areas must be upgraded with an automatic supervising system, which warns the human operator of incorrect ship motion and help the operator to make the right and timely decision. The general idea is to improve the safety of navigation by introduction of automatic collision prevention based on automated supervisor helping to human operator in Vessel Traffic System (VTS) control centre. The VTS supervisor automatically monitors marine traffic by using data from Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) radar and others sensors. Such supervisor detects real time and Course Over Ground (COG) of the vessel entering a particular sector, and then estimates the required time for vessel’s passage into another sector. VTS supervisor compares the real time and estimated time of passage of the specific ship through particular sector as a part of surveillance area. In addition, it compares and monitors the deviation of the course during transition of zones (sectors). If significant difference for both values are occurred VTS supervisor triggers a time alarm or a course alarm respectively. In the paper authors have modelled and simulated collision prevention with performed by the alarm actions of VTS supervisor improved with algorithm module based on hybrid Petri net formalism and Visual Object Net ++ tool.

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Jain, Udit, and Rajat Rastogi. "REVISION OF PV2 CRITERIA BASED PEDESTRIAN CROSSING WARRANTS." Transport 35, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12474.

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Several guideline documents on pedestrian crossing warrants are followed around the world. Peak hour pedestrian volume “P” and vehicular volume “V” are two most commonly used factors in these guidelines. PV2 is a criteria, which is used in guideline documents of India, Iran and UK to identify the need of warranting a particular mid-block location. In India, these guidelines were adapted from UK in 1988 and have not been revised in the last three decades. These guidelines report a benchmark value, in the excess of which a location should be warranted. The benchmark values are based on peak flows of 1980s, which have increased drastically over the years. In addition, the guidelines do not identify the type of crossing facility, which should be provided at a particular location. Therefore, these guidelines need to be revised. In this paper, PV2 matrices have been developed for a variety of road configurations using the maximum field hourly flows as the upper bounds. Further, probability distributions have been fitted to the PV2 values. Threshold values have been proposed based on the curvilinear characteristics of the probability distributions. The revised PV2 values vary from 0.6×108 to 2.1×1011 for different roadway configurations. The ranges formed using these values have been used to classify the type of crossing facility to be installed using a systematic hierarchical approach. The warrant charts and PV2 value ranges can be used to identify the need, as well as the most appropriate crossing facility for the site based on the peak hour pedestrian volume and vehicular volume. The proposed PV2 values and warrants are based on Indian traffic flow conditions. These threshold values may require modifications for application in any other country.

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Černá, Lenka, Vladislav Zitrický, Peter Blaho, and Peter Šulko. "Proposal international transport chain during the transport of tires." MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500021.

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In view of a continuously growing freight turnover, the road transport has been increasingly developing not only in the Slovak Republic, but also in the European Union, as a whole. The European Union, by applying legal instruments, seeks to change the situation in favour of safer, more efficient and environmentally friendly modes of transport, such as railways and inland water transport. The railway scientists and experts from the Slovak Republic compare the transport and tariff conditions for the carriage of automobile tires by railway and road transport on the route Puchov - Hannover in a real environment. Based on the comparative analysis, they assess the time and economic indicators of complexity and efficiency in the transportation of a particular type of cargo on a particular route.

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Solís, Cecilia, Simona Somacescu, Elena Palafox, María Balaguer, and José M. Serra. "Particular Transport Properties of NiFe2O4 Thin Films at High Temperatures." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118, no. 42 (October 13, 2014): 24266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp506938k.

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Rehak, David, David Patrman, Veronika Brabcová, and Zdeněk Dvořák. "IDENTIFYING CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE USING CASCADING IMPACT ASSESSMENT." Transport 35, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12414.

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Road transport is a key means of transporting people and cargo on land. Its particular advantages are speed and operability, which are balanced, however, by dependence on road infrastructure. Road infrastructure reliability is an important factor in its functioning. If some elements of road infrastructure are disrupted or fail, the function of dependent infrastructures, such as the integrated rescue system or industry, are also impaired and may fail. These important elements of road infrastructure should be identified as critical and be given greater attention when identifying weaknesses and implementing subsequent security measures. This article introduces the Identifying Critical Elements of Road Infrastructure (ICERI) method, which was designed to make use of Cascading Impact Assessments (CIA). The use of CIA allows critical elements to be identified through impact escalation analysis. These impacts can therefore be monitored not only in road transport infrastructure but also across the entire critical infrastructure system.

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Poliak, Miloš, Jaroslava Kubáňová, Natalia Aleksandrovna Zhuravleva, Marek Jaśkiewicz, and Natalia Lakhmetkina. "Identification of the Impact of Transport Performance on the Economy of Particular Area." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2023-0018.

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Abstract Transport is one of the most important economic sectors in the world. It is a fundamental and important element of a country’s GDP. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered one of the most important indicators of economic performance of a country. GDP can be compiled for both a country and a region. Changes in technology and economic structure of the production system of an area are the central issues of long-term economic growth according to the increase in the gross value added of a region. In this paper, the authors focus on finding out how the development of road freight transport performance affects the economy of a region. At the same time, they try to answer the question to what extent transport regulation can influence the economic development of an area. The research is mainly focused on EU policies aimed at regulating road freight transport.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particular transport"

1

Whitcombe, Leslie John. "Sediment transport processes, with particular reference to Hayling Island." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294696.

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Punter, Matthew Steven. "Tourist transport system with particular reference to the South West of England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288020.

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關超強 and Chiu-keung Kwan. "Housing and transport: a study of priority with particular reference to Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576271.

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Kwan, Chiu-keung. "Housing and transport : a study of priority with particular reference to Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576271.

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Loveless, John Hedley. "Sediment transport in rigid boundary channels with particular reference to the condition of incipient deposition." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364056.

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Ho, Hing-lun, and 何慶麟. "The inter-relationship between household income and trip generation, with particular reference to rail transport planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952021.

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Saeedipour, Hamid R. "On the design of a high-subsonic jet transport aircraft with particular reference to thrust-vectoring." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707458.

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The conceptual design of a jet civil transport aircraft with and without thrust- vectoring is considered. The project studies thrust-vectoring effects using externally adjustable exhaust nozzles on the design of a high-subsonic civil jet transport aircraft with twin wing-mounted turbofan engines. The status, importance and classifications of thrust- vectoring technology are presented and some examples of thrust vectored civil and military aircraft are given. A literature survey, a discussion of the theoretical, computational and experimental work along with an outline for future work are given. In order to achieve these goals, a convergent iterative computer program (ICP) was written in FORTRAN-77 for the UNIX computer operating system. It is for the preliminary design of a high-subsonic jet transport aircraft and airworthiness regulations were adhered to throughout the design. By using a series of subroutines, the program is structured so that the effects of any change in the design parameters can be readily evaluated and future improvements and expansions can easily be made. The ICP uses a step-by-step method to integrate along the flight path and the output is presented after several iterations when there are no further changes. An experimental study has been conducted, using the Goldstein Laboratory's open-return Project Wind-Tunnel with a closed working-section. This experimental work produced the aerodynamic force coefficients and the induced-drag factors of different combinations of six wings and two jets with circular and rectangular' nozzle exits.The experimental wing-jet-flap configurations with jet deflections were modelled by the Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) using a NASA code, slightly modified for this project. Experimental and VLM results are presented for the thrust-vectoring effects on the force coefficients for the wing-jet-flap combinations at different jet velocities, wing angles of attack, nozzle pitch, yaw angles and nozzle exit shapes. The pressure and velocity distributions, predicted by the VLM code, for the six wings in the vicinity of the jet engines were also displayed. Different circular and rectangular nozzles at various angles have been used to provide these jet deflections. Estimates have been obtained for the resulting modification to the induced drag and extra-circulation. Only the preliminary design stage of a civil jet transport aircraft is considered and no detailed study of the dynamic stability, the structure or the economics of the aircraft is given in this thesis.

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Ho, Hing-lun. "The inter-relationship between household income and trip generation, with particular reference to rail transport planning." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21128868.

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Kundaiker, Shatish. "A study of the vectorial transport of amino acids across the retinal pigment epithelium, with particular reference to taurine." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243804.

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Zaier, Imen. "Rôle du transport particulaire lié à la déstructuration de gypses poreux dans le développement de cavités de dissolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03739757.

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Les formations gypsifères rencontrées dans le sous-sol des banlieues nord-est de Paris présentent une dissolution naturelle par les eaux souterraines en écoulement. Cette dissolution induit une perte de matière solide créant des vides souterrains qui peuvent entraîner des désordres en surface. Lors de cette dissolution, un flux de particules de gypse ou d’insolubles produites par érosion ou destructuration de la roche peut amplifier la croissance d’une cavité par rapport à la seule prise en compte de la solubilisation du gypse. Ce mémoire cherche principalement à quantifier expérimentalement la cinétique de dissolution et le flux particulaire des faciès de gypse se différenciant par leur texture, porosité et teneur en insolubles. Des échantillons représentatifs des formations gypseuses du Priabonien (Ludien) et du Lutétien du périmètre de reconnaissance du projet du Grand Paris Express ont été utilisés. La mesure de la conductivité électrique d’une solution d’eau pure ou d’eau courante jusqu’à sa saturation par un disque de gypse tournant et immergé a permis de déterminer les paramètres d'une loi cinétique de dissolution pour chaque échantillon. Les résultats ont été analysés en fonction de la solution initiale, la température ainsi que de la texture du faciès et de la rugosité développée lors de la dissolution. Du fait de cette rugosité, la dissolution est dominée par le transport diffusif dans la couche limite. Les valeurs du taux de dissolution effectif sont comprises entre 2 et 12 mg/m²/s et donc plus faibles que celles du taux de dissociation du gypse minéral. Ces valeurs varient avec la teneur en insolubles et leur répartition. Les plus faibles correspondent à des gypses matriciels avec un recouvrement des grains de gypse par les insolubles. Une pondération a été définie pour obtenir des valeurs représentatives des conditions in situ. Les rôles de l’érosion et du transport particulaire lié à la dissolution du gypse ont été déterminés par des expériences de lessivage contrôlé avec une collecte des particules libérées. Les flux particulaires mesurés sont peu importants composées très majoritairement d’insolubles sensibles à l’érosion. Une valeur sécuritaire du taux de récession a été définie à partir du taux de dissolution et de la teneur en insolubles et de leur répartition. Pour étendre ces résultats aux conditions in situ, l’influence de la composition initiale de l’eau souterraine et de la minéralogie des insolubles a été étudiée à partir de simulations géochimiques et validées avec les analyses d’eaux réalisées pendant les expériences de disques tournants. Ils ont été appliqués sur deux sites pour évaluer un taux de récession effectif à partir de la porosité et la teneur en insolubles, mesurées ou estimées d’un gypse naturel et de l’indice de saturation de l’eau souterraine déterminé à partir de son analyse chimique
The north-eastern suburbs of Paris are most prone to sinkhole development due to the natural dissolution of gypsum rocks in contact with groundwater flow. This dissolution induces a loss of solid material creating underground voids that can lead to surface disorders. A release of grains and their transport by the flow could very strongly increase the growth of the cavity compared to considering only the dissolution. Gypsum samples with different porosity and content of insoluble impurities were used to quantify experimentally the respective role of dissolution and particle transport processes in the formation of cavities in gypsum horizons. Rotating disk experiments allow us to determine the kinetic rate model parameters of each sample by measuring the electrical conductivity of a solution up to saturation. The results were analyzed according to the initial solution, the temperature as well as the texture of the facies and the roughness developed during dissolution. As a result of this roughness, dissolution is dominated by diffusive transport in the boundary layer. The effective dissolution rate values are found between 2 and 12 mg/m²/s, depend on the insoluble content and their distribution, and therefore lower than the dissociation rate of the gypsum mineral. The lowest values refer to the matrix textured gypsum with insoluble content that serves as coating for the gypsum grains. The impact of erosion and particle transport related to gypsum dissolution was determined by controlled leaching tests involving a collection of the released grains. For each gypsum facies tested, the particular flux is found low composed mostly of insoluble grains. The distribution of insoluble at the interface is found to have a large influence on the dissolution.To extend these results to in situ conditions, the influence of the groundwater composition and the mineralogy of the insoluble particles was studied from geochemical simulations and validated with water analyses during and at the end of the rotating disk experiments. These findings were applied on two sites to evaluate an effective recession rate using the measured or estimated porosity and insoluble content of a natural gypsum and the groundwater saturation index obtained from its chemical analysis

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Books on the topic "Particular transport"

1

United Nations. Dept. of International Economic and Social Affairs., ed. Urban transport development with particular reference to developing countries. New York: United Nations, 1989.

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2

Sergeeva, Mariya, Irina Strelec, and Ol'ga Zabelina. The mutual influence of transport infrastructure and human development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1882551.

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Transport infrastructure and human development coexist in a non-linear relationship. The concept of structural and infrastructural development of society is the first attempt at theoretical justification of this interaction. Particular attention is paid to the study of approaches to the definition of the concepts of "infrastructure", "transport infrastructure", "human development"; analysis of the mechanisms of influence of transport infrastructure on human development and mechanisms of reverse impact; understanding the role of pricing processes in this interaction. Further development of the presented issue can become the basis for a macroeconomic analysis of the "transport infrastructure - human development" ex ante relationship. For a wide range of readers interested in transport infrastructure issues.

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Bradshaw, W. P. Proposals for out of town shopping centres in Greater Manchester: The issues before the western sector inquiry with particular reference to public transport. Salford: University of Salford Department of Geography, 1988.

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4

Nejat, Veziroğlu T., and Miami International Symposium on Multiphase Transport and Particulate Phenomena (5th : 1989?), eds. Multiphase transport and particulate phenomena. New York: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1990.

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Nejat, Veziroğlu T., and University of Miami. Clean Energy Research Institute., eds. Particulate phenomena and multiphase transport. Washington: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1988.

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Delgado, J. M. P. Q., and A. G. Barbosa de Lima, eds. Transport Phenomena and Drying of Solids and Particulate Materials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04054-7.

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Tomita, Y. Analyse d'un dispositif d'alimentation pour le transport pneumatique de particules non-cohesives. Rhode Saint Genese, Belgium: von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1987.

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Gilmore, Elisabeth. The chemistry and transport of particulate matter (PM2.5) sulphate in Toronto, Ontario. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Wegner, Carolyn. Sediment transport on Arctic shelves: Seasonal variations in suspended particulate matter dynamics on the Laptev Sea shelf (Siberian Arctic) = Sedimenttransport auf arktischen Schelfen : Jahreszeitliche Schwankungen in der Schwebstoffdynamik auf dem Laptev-See-Schelf (sibirische Arktis). Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2003.

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Brodeckiy, Gennadiy, Denis Gusev, and Ivan Shidlovskiy. Multi-criteria choice in logistics research. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1902741.

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Methods and models of optimization of solutions under many criteria are considered, which are conditioned by modern tasks to improve the operation of supply chains and logistics systems. Attention is paid to their specifics in relation to the tasks of organizing transport supply support. The anomalous phenomena of "blindness" to the indicators of individual particular criteria and the phenomena of "blocking" the choice of alternatives when optimizing such systems are analyzed. Special modifications of traditional selection criteria for optimization are presented, allowing to eliminate these phenomena in order to more effectively adapt the selected best solution to the preferences of the decision-maker. The analysis of filtering possibilities of the initially specified alternatives is given so that optimization procedures can be implemented in real time. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of institutions of higher education. It can be useful for graduate students, logisticians and entrepreneurs who want to organize their business more efficiently.

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Book chapters on the topic "Particular transport"

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Belaud, G., and X. Litrico. "Transport of Water versus Particular Transport in Open-Channel Networks." In Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series, 95–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16133-4_6.

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Pfoser, Sarah. "Strategies for Sustainable Freight Transport." In Decarbonizing Freight Transport, 31–49. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37103-6_4.

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AbstractThe case of three different strategies for sustainable freight transport is studied in the thesis: (1) horizontal collaboration in a Physical Internet network, (2) multimodal freight transport and (3) liquefied natural gas (LNG) as alternative truck fuel. Each of these three strategies falls within a different pillar of the avoid-shift-reduce framework. Chapter 4 introduces the ASI (avoid-shift-improve) framework and gives an overview of existing strategies for sustainable freight transport. In particular, horizontal collaboration in a PI network, multimodality and LNG as an alternative fuel will be presented and differentiated from similar concepts. It will be justified why these three particular strategies have been chosen as the subject of this thesis.

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Morimoto, Akinori. "Compact City Corresponding to the Advanced Transport Systems." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 277–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_19.

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AbstractLocation normalization plans that are currently being established across the country encourage a loose approach to land utilization guidance by establishing the areas where urban function guidance and residential guidance apply. We will consider some hints as to how to proceed with urban downsizing by looking back at how urban areas expanded during the period of population growth. It is important that the characteristics and roles of each transport system are reorganized and that they are skillfully incorporated into cities. In particular, the formation of transfer points between main line transport systems and branch line transport systems is a key to the formation of compact cities.

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Rosik, Piotr, Tomasz Komornicki, Sławomir Goliszek, Patryk Duma, and Barbara Szejgiec-Kolenda. "Changes in Structure and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Goods Vehicles Traffic in Poland in 2005–2015, with Particular Emphasis on Border Traffic." In Transport Development Challenges in the 21st Century, 23–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50010-8_3.

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Hebel, Katarzyna, and Olgierd Wyszomirski. "Commuting to Places of Work and Study in the Light of Marketing Research Results with Particular Emphasis on Gdynia in Poland." In Challenges of Urban Mobility, Transport Companies and Systems, 47–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17743-0_5.

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Vasconcelos, Elvia, Kristina Andersen, Laura Alčiauskaitė, Alexandra König, Tally Hatzakis, and Carolina Launo. "TRIPS: Co-design as a Method for Accessible Design in Transport." In Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe 3, 173–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26155-8_11.

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AbstractCo-design is an established method for ensuring a more democratic approach to design and change propositions. It is however not without friction. In this chapter we describe parts of a process aimed at co-designing inclusive transport systems. In response to the friction of putting such theory into practice, we propose a set of coping mechanisms based on participant feedback. We suggest that such mechanisms have the potential to improve the co-design process beyond this particular case.

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Goodair, Daniel, and Dan Crisan. "On the 3D Navier-Stokes Equations with Stochastic Lie Transport." In Mathematics of Planet Earth, 53–110. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40094-0_4.

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AbstractWe prove the existence and uniqueness of maximal solutions to the 3D SALT (Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport) Navier-Stokes Equation in velocity and vorticity form, on the torus and the bounded domain respectively. In particular we demonstrate the efficacy of Goodair et al. (Existence and Uniqueness of Maximal Solutions to SPDEs with Applications to Viscous Fluid Equations, 2023. Stochastics and Partial Differential Equations: Analysis and Computations, pp.1-64) in showing the well-posedness for both the velocity and vorticity form of the equation, as well as obtaining the first analytically strong existence result for a fluid equation perturbed by Lie transport noise on a bounded domain.

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Pearman, G. I., and P. Hyson. "Global Transport and Inter-Reservoir Exchange of Carbon Dioxide with Particular Reference to Stable Isotopic Distributions." In Scientific Application of Baseline Observations of Atmospheric Composition (SABOAC), 279–322. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3909-7_15.

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Bikam, Peter Bitta. "Vehicle Management and Emission Control and Maintenance." In Green Economy in the Transport Sector, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86178-0_5.

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AbstractSouth Africa range 15th as the world largest CO2 emitter contributing to 1.2% of global emission. During the Kyoto Protocol of 2014, South Africa pledged to reduce its emission by 34% and 42% in 2020 and 2025 respectively. This study is a combination of literature review from South Africa with particular emphasis on road transport. The focus was on vehicle emission with reference to Limpopo Province to demonstrate how emissions from primarily the use of diesel and petrol as one of the major contributors to CO2 emission in the province are vital for the sustainability debate. The methodology used to illustrate the dangers of vehicular emissions were based on statistical estimates from the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) inventory report from 2000 to 2010. The information used in assessing the vehicle emission standards in Limpopo were obtained from DEA. The findings from literature reviews in general and the results from the field survey from Limpopo Province shed some light on South Africa's vehicle emissions policy issues and standards. Also the analysis focused on the impact of vehicular fleet management and carbon emissions. The article concludes by drilling down to vehicle users, motor vehicle repairs, engine over haulers, used engine collection and disposal with respect to their roles in vehicle emission and control in South Africa.

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Leerkamp, Bert, Aggelos Soteropoulos, and Martin Berger. "Delivery robots as a solution for the last mile in the city?" In AVENUE21. Planning and Policy Considerations for an Age of Automated Mobility, 107–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67004-0_7.

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AbstractUrban freight transport is assuming an increasingly important role in the field of urban mobility as well as in urban transport policy, as e-commerce is booming: with the advance of digitalization, goods are increasingly being ordered via the internet, with a resulting sharp increase in delivery transport volumes (cf. Muschkiet/Schückhaus 2019: 358; German Federal Government 2019: 44f.). New sustainable solutions and concepts are therefore needed in urban logistics, with the last mile in particular posing a major challenge due to a lack of bundling and the great effort involved (cf. Gerdes/Heinemann 2019: 399; Buthe et al. 2018: 30; Lierow/Wisotzky 2019). At the same time, new delivery media are emerging, such as delivery robots (cf. Baum et al. 2019: 2455; Jennings/ Figliozzi 2019: 317), which are seen as having great potential for the last mile.

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Conference papers on the topic "Particular transport"

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Llull Marroig, Antoni Ignaci, Jorge Moncunill Marimon, Marcel·la Castells Sanabra, Anna Mujal Colilles, and Xavier Gironella Cobos. "Analysis of vessel induced erosion through manoeuvre simulation and AIS data." In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.11032.

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This manuscript presents an erosion induced by manoeuvring ships assessment methodology in harbour basins with low bed clearance conditions. From the evolution of the bottom morphology, obtained from bathymetric surveys performed by the Port Authority, AIS data is used to analyse the traffic patterns in the basin and to relate the particular ships manoeuvres with the bottom morphology evolution. This allows for the detection of ships causing higher erosion in the basin. The manoeuvre simulator yields the use of the engines and thrusters during the in-port manoeuvres. Afterwards, literature equations are used to perform a stability assessment of the bottom material allowing to compute the required size for a rock protection layer in the basin.

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Krpan1, Ljudevit, Drago Pupavac, and Robert Maršanić. "Priorities in Transport Integration of the Republic of Croatia Into Trans-European Transport Network." In TRANSPORT FOR TODAY'S SOCIETY. Faculty of Technical Sciences Bitola, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/tts2021.1.1.21.p03.

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Abstract - This paper reviews the existing treatment of the Republic of Croatia within the EU transport system. Additionally, a series of activities has been proposed with the aim of providing adequate transport accessibility and thereby also the basics for the dynamical economic development of the whole Republic of Croatia with a particular emphasis on the County of Primorje and Gorski kotar and the port of Rijeka. Keywords: Trans-European Transport Network, Transport Planning, Transport Policy, Port of Rijeka.

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Ambroziak, T., P. Gołębiowski, I. Jacyna-Gołda, R. Jachimowski, A. Merkisz-Guranowska, J. Pielecha, D. Pyza, E. Szczepański, M. Wasiak, and J. Żak. "The influence of the external costs of modal split in the transport network, with particular reference to rail transport." In Computers in Railways XIV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/crs140031.

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Rabeeah, S., and L. Chaplyaeva. "THE TRANSPORT ROUTE." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_249-252.

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In any country’s economy, transport is one of the most important components for its development. The rational use of various types of vehicles makes it possible to bring many millions of tons of goods from the production line to end-users. Concerning the transport field, the route along which it travels in order to deliver passengers or goods have a great effect and a large role. The Importance of rational calculations helps with the planning of the trajectory of transport which is carried out, along with a particular load. The cost of transporting goods and passengers depends on the chosen route, so the choice is so important for us.

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Mironiuk, Waldemar. "Influence of flooding boat deck compartment on the ship’s safety." In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.10863.

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At any time whether during combat or non-combat, naval ships are susceptible to damage. During combat, navy ships are susceptible to suffer damage to a particular degree on its armament, hull or even its technical equipment. The damages are of specific nature and occur at specific places on the ship. For example, during combat, a navy ship can suffer damage from torpedoes and mine explosions, impact resulting from artillery shells, missiles or airborne bombs or even due to effects from weapons of mass destruction. This damage results in flooding of the affected areas. During the ship's operation at sea a significant threat to its safety is fire. Although fire rarely causes the ship to sink, the damage that it leaves is usually very serious, though the extent of the damage depends on the level of crew training in the area of emergency response. The main extinguishing agent used on ships is usually sea water, which in large quantities poses a threat to the safety of the ship. It affects changes in the stability and position of the ship. Determination of these changes is the basis for the sub-capacity calculations related to the operation of a damaged ship. Therefore, the main focus of the work was to determine the impact of flooding of high-located compartments on the safety of a ship. The results of the calculations presented in the paper include information about the amount of water in the range causing deterioration of the stability of the ship.

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Shiomi, Junichiro, Carl Fredrik Carlborg, and Shigeo Maruyama. "Heat and Mass Transport in Carbon Nantubes." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23115.

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We have investigated heat and mass transport in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using molecular dynamics methods. Particular attention was paid on the non-equilibrium dynamics at the interface between SWNT and other materials, which strongly manifests in nanoscale. In the first part, we have investigated the heat transport through the interface between SWNTs and surrounding argon matrices in liquid and solid phases. By analyzing the energy relaxation from SWNT to the matrices using non-stationary molecular dynamics simulations, elastic and inelastic thermal energy transports across the interface were separately quantified. The result reveals that the elastic interaction transports energy much faster than the inelastic one, but carries much smaller energy due to slow intra-SWNT phonon relaxation. In the second part, we have investigated a possibility to utilize nonequilibrium thermal interface to transport water through an SWNT. By applying the longitudinal temperature gradient to the SWNT, it is demonstrated that the water cluster is efficiently driven at average acceleration proportional to the temperature gradient. However, the transport simulations with a junction of two different SWNTs suggest that an angstrom diameter difference may result in a significant drag for small diameter SWNTs.

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Angelevska, Beti, and Vaska Atanasova. "An implementation framework for developing cities – the way to smart mobility." In Public Transport & Smart Mobility. Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, University of Zagreb, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptsm.2020.7.

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The smart mobility is a concept, where with various past and real-time data, and with the help of information and communication technologies, travel time is optimized, resulting in reductions of space usage, road congestion, road accidents and emissions of harmful gases and noise. [1] For implementation of smart mobility it will be necessary to combine sustainable solutions and smart innovations at the same time. This will contribute for moving forward in developing cities, which are lacking behind considering inclusion of smart mobility in their urban transport systems. Also, smart mobility will contribute for improved environmental footprint of urban transport, having in mind that environmental issues (air pollution in particular) in these cities are very serious. More specifically, the paper identifies implementation framework for smart mobility, along with drivers and barriers for its implementation, as well as strategies in transport that are environmentally friendly. Turning carbon-dependent transport sector in developing cities into a clean and smart mobility system might seem like a mission impossible. But, it can be done and it is also a must, given the current transport system’s impacts on the environment and public health [2]. At the end, this is an indispensable opportunity to start with changes and to build a better and sustainable future.

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Amon, Cristina H., Jayathi Y. Murthy, and Sreekant V. J. Narumanchi. "Modeling Nanoscale Thermal Transport via the Boltzmann Transport Equation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62508.

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In modern microelectronics, where extreme miniaturization has led to feature sizes in the sub-micron and nanoscale range, Fourier diffusion has been found to be inadequate for the prediction of heat conduction. Over the past decade, the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the relaxation time approximation has been employed to make thermal predictions in dielectrics and semiconductors at micron and nanoscales. This paper presents a review of the BTE-based solution methods widely employed in the literature. Particular attention is given to the problem of self-heating (hotspot) in sub-micron transistors. First, the solution approaches based on the gray formulation of the BTE are presented. In this class of solution methods, phonons are characterized by one single group velocity and relaxation time. Phonon dispersion is not accounted for in any detail. This is the most widely employed approach in the literature. The semi-gray BTE approach, moments of the Boltzmann equation, the lattice Boltzmann approach, and the ballistic-diffusive approximation are presented. Models which incorporate greater details of phonon dispersion are also discussed. This includes a full phonon dispersion model developed recently by the authors. This full phonon dispersion model satisfies energy conservation, incorporates the different phonon modes, and well as the interactions between the different modes, and accounts for the frequency dependence for both the phonon group velocity and relaxation times. Results which illustrate the differences between some of these models reveal the importance of developing models that incorporate substantial details of phonon physics.

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Myszczyszyn, Janusz. "Transport corridors as an important element of the sustainable development policy with particular emphasis on railways." In 20th International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2019". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2019.075.

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Molho, Joshua I., Amy E. Herr, Thomas W. Kenny, M. Godfrey Mungal, Manish Deshpande, John R. Gilbert, Michael G. Garguilo, et al. "Fluid Transport Mechanisms in Microfluidic Devices." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1224.

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Abstract Most microfluidic systems rely on one of two manners of fluid transport: pressure-driven or electrokinetically-driven flow. This investigation focuses on describing these flows in microfabricated channels and small diameter capillary tubes. Flow characterization is accomplished by interrogation of micron-scale fluid regions through a powerful, non-intrusive flow imaging technique. Interesting phenomena have been observed from these detailed examinations. Our results are presented in conjunction with an evaluation of mechanisms that potentially explain observed deviations from the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. In particular, we show that observed perturbations of electrokinetic flow in open capillaries might be caused by induced pressure gradients. We also show how these induced pressure gradients may globally perturb the flow in an electrokinetically-driven microfluidic system.

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Reports on the topic "Particular transport"

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Lucenti, Krista. Caribbean Regional Action Plan on Freight Logistics, Maritime Transport and Trade Facilitation. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009250.

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The Caribbean's location at the crossroads of global container shipping routes gives the region excellent maritime connectivity that could translate into significant commercial opportunities. Given its heavy dependence on trade, Caribbean authorities are increasingly vested in improving the efficiency of supply chains and addressing issues related to maritime transport and logistics. In the context of the Panama Canal expansion, it is of the utmost important that steps be taken immediately to strengthen the Caribbean's position in global maritime trade routes. The Caribbean Regional Action Plan on Freight Logistics, Maritime Transport and Trade Facilitation reviews the status of trade and transport infrastructure in the Caribbean Basin, with particular emphasis on CARIFORUM countries. The study highlights the main trends in global and regional trade flows in the region, estimates the impact of these trends on the shipping industry and selected Caribbean Basin ports, and proposes a regional Action Plan for taking advantage of new commercial opportunities.

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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.

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The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.

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Navajas, Fernando, Hildegart Ahumada, Santos Espina-Mairal, and Guillermo Bermúdez. Productivity Growth and Infrastructure-Related Sectors: The Case of Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003606.

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This technical note examines the interactions between infrastructure and productivity growth in Mexico. To address this relation, we follow an approach that seek to tie down infrastructure productivity improvements in terms of the impact of particular types of infrastructure on particular sectors, thus providing the basis for informed decisions on investment priorities for economic growth. We have been able to identify significant relations between labor and capital productivity improvements, or capital deepening (i.e., investment) in infrastructure-related sectors and labor productivity improvements in other sectors. Sectoral infrastructure priorities can be found in the transport and energy sectors, broadly defined, with effects that have regional differences. The nature of our results points to complementary policies and the need to improve the regulatory compact for infrastructure in Mexico. Our results recommend special attention to the regulatory/competition policy approach in transport, and the electricity wholesale market.

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Corsetto, Lisa, César P. Bouillon, Maya Jansson, Daniel Oviedo, and Lynn Scholl. Urban Transport and Poverty: Mobility and Accessibility Effects of IDB-supported BRT Systems in Cali and Lima. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010655.

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This evaluation expands a previous evaluation of the Office of Evaluation and Oversight of the BRT project results with respect to their objectives of improving mobility and access for the poor. It assesses the effects of Cali's and Lima's BRT systems on mobility and accessibility of the poor, with a specific focus on the integration of feeder lines in the poor areas of the cities, taking into account pre-existing public transit operations. In addition, OVE identifies determinants of and barriers to BRT use among the poor in Lima and Cali. In particular, the analysis assesses the systems' coverage, affordability, and accessibility and the relative roles of access times, in-vehicle time, and monetary costs in explaining mobility preferences, in order to improve the design and operation of future BRT systems with pro-poor objectives.

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Elhan-Kayalar, Yesim, Konstantin Kucheryavyy, Manabu Nose, Yasuyuki Sawada, and Ruo Shangguan. Assessing the Impact of Infrastructure Investments Using Customs Data: The Case of the Greater Mekong Subregion Corridor and the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230589-2.

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This paper presents new evidence of the effects of road construction on both domestic and international trade flows in the People’s Republic of China using customs data and information on transport investments in the region. Road construction helped to reduce trade costs significantly from 2000 to 2011. The construction of the Kunming–Bangkok Expressway, in particular, led to local economic growth and higher regional specialization in accordance with comparative advantage, facilitating market integration across borders in the Greater Mekong Subregion.

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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Citric acid metabolism and mobilization in citrus fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587732.bard.

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Accumulation of citric acid is a major determinant of maturity and fruit quality in citrus. Many citrus varieties accumulate citric acid in concentrations that exceed market desires, reducing grower income and consumer satisfaction. Citrate is accumulated in the vacuole of the juice sac cell, a process that requires both metabolic changes and transport across cellular membranes, in particular, the mitochondrial and the vacuolar (tonoplast) membranes. Although the accumulation of citrate in the vacuoles of juice cells has been clearly demonstrated, the mechanisms for vacuolar citrate homeostasis and the components controlling citrate metabolism and transport are still unknown. Previous results in the PIs’ laboratories have indicated that the expression of a large number of a large number of proteins is enhanced during fruit development, and that the regulation of sugar and acid content in fruits is correlated with the differential expression of a large number of proteins that could play significant roles in fruit acid accumulation and/or regulation of acid content. The objectives of this proposal are: i) the characterization of transporters that mediate the transport of citrate and determine their role in uptake/retrieval in juice sac cells; ii) the study of citric acid metabolism, in particular the effect of arsenical compounds affecting citric acid levels and mobilization; and iii) the development of a citrus fruit proteomics platform to identify and characterize key processes associated with fruit development in general and sugar and acid accumulation in particular. The understanding of the cellular processes that determine the citrate content in citrus fruits will contribute to the development of tools aimed at the enhancement of citrus fruit quality. Our efforts resulted in the identification, cloning and characterization of CsCit1 (Citrus sinensis citrate transporter 1) from Navel oranges (Citrus sinesins cv Washington). Higher levels of CsCit1 transcripts were detected at later stages of fruit development that coincided with the decrease in the juice cell citrate concentrations (Shimada et al., 2006). Our functional analysis revealed that CsCit1 mediates the vacuolar efflux of citrate and that the CsCit1 operates as an electroneutral 1CitrateH2-/2H+ symporter. Our results supported the notion that it is the low permeable citrateH2 - the anion that establishes the buffer capacity of the fruit and determines its overall acidity. On the other hand, it is the more permeable form, CitrateH2-, which is being exported into the cytosol during maturation and controls the citrate catabolism in the juice cells. Our Mass-Spectrometry-based proteomics efforts (using MALDI-TOF-TOF and LC2- MS-MS) identified a large number of fruit juice sac cell proteins and established comparisons of protein synthesis patterns during fruit development. So far, we have identified over 1,500 fruit specific proteins that play roles in sugar metabolism, citric acid cycle, signaling, transport, processing, etc., and organized these proteins into 84 known biosynthetic pathways (Katz et al. 2007). This data is now being integrated in a public database and will serve as a valuable tool for the scientific community in general and fruit scientists in particular. Using molecular, biochemical and physiological approaches we have identified factors affecting the activity of aconitase, which catalyze the first step of citrate catabolism (Shlizerman et al., 2007). Iron limitation specifically reduced the activity of the cytosolic, but not the mitochondrial, aconitase, increasing the acid level in the fruit. Citramalate (a natural compound in the juice) also inhibits the activity of aconitase, and it plays a major role in acid accumulation during the first half of fruit development. On the other hand, arsenite induced increased levels of aconitase, decreasing fruit acidity. We have initiated studies aimed at the identification of the citramalate biosynthetic pathway and the role(s) of isopropylmalate synthase in this pathway. These studies, especially those involved aconitase inhibition by citramalate, are aimed at the development of tools to control fruit acidity, particularly in those cases where acid level declines below the desired threshold. Our work has significant implications both scientifically and practically and is directly aimed at the improvement of fruit quality through the improvement of existing pre- and post-harvest fruit treatments.

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Barker, Amanda, Jay Clausen, Thomas Douglas, Anthony Bednar, Christopher Griggs, and William Martin. Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities : a review. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43348.

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The deposition of metals into the environment as a result of military training activities remains a longterm concern for Defense organizations across the globe. Of particular concern for deposition and potential mobilization are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and tungsten (W), which are the focus of this review article. The fate, transport, and mobilization of these metals are complicated and depend on a variety of environmental factors that are often convoluted, heterogeneous, and site dependent. While there have been many studies investigating contaminant mobilization on military training lands there exists a lack of cohesiveness surrounding the current state of knowledge for these five metals. The focus of this review article is to compile the current knowledge of the fate, transport, and ultimate risks presented by metals associated with different military training activities particularly as a result of small arms training activities, artillery/mortar ranges, battleruns, rocket ranges, and grenade courts. From there, we discuss emerging research results and finish with suggestions of where future research efforts and training range designs could be focused toward further reducing the deposition, limiting the migration, and decreasing risks presented by metals in the environment. Additionally, information presented here may offer insights into Sb, As, Cu, Pb, and W in other environmental settings.

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Lyle. L51784 CO2-HS Corrosion Under Wet Low-Flow Gas in Presence of Bicarbonate Chloride and Oxygen. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010171.

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The ability to transport wet, untreated natural gases through pipelines offshore or at other inaccessible locations is an important factor in the development of new gas fields. When a wet gas contains CO2 and H2 S, the internal corrosion rate of steel pipelines may be expected to increase. Considerable work has been done to define effects of CO2 and H2 S on corrosion rates of pipeline, casing, and tubing steels, particularly at higher pressures and temperatures typical of downhole environments and in gases in which CO2 is the only acid gas present. In particular, studies by de Waard and Milliams resulted in development of an equation for predicting corrosion rates of steels exposed to water saturated with natural gases containing CO2 . However, the de Waard-Milliams equation cannot be used for gases containing H2 S, since it is applicable when CO2 is the only acid gas present. This report was specifically initiated to provide estimates of internal corrosion rates in inaccessible (offshore) pipeline locations from analyses of gas and water samples taken in accessible (onshore) locations. It addresses the ability to transport wet, untreated natural gases through pipelines offshore or at other inaccessible locations, and the internal corrosion rates of steel pipelines.

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García-Montalvo, José, and Antonio Bosch. Free and Nondiscriminatory Access to Airports: A Proposal for Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008781.

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This article discusses the regulatory framework and organization of airports in several Latin America countries in order to identify obstacles preventing free and non-discriminatory access to airport. In particular, the article exposes the basic elements of air transportation liberalization and discusses airport organization options and some basic principles on airport regulation. After reviewing the obstacles in Latin America for the integration of air transportation services, the article establishes a set of recommendations to promote competition and air transport market integration in Latin America.

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Letcher, Theodore, and Julie Parno. Incorporating advanced snow microphysics and lateral transport into the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47660.

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The dynamic state of the land surface presents challenges and opportunities for military and civil operations in extreme cold environments. In particular, the effects of snow and frozen ground on Soldier and vehicle mobility are hard to overstate. Current authoritative weather and land models are run at global scales (i.e., dx > 10 km) and are of limited use at the Soldier scale (dx < 100 m). Here, we describe several snow physics upgrades made to the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) community land surface model (LSM). These upgrades include a blowing snow overlay to simulate the lateral redistribution of snow by the wind and the addition of new prognostic snow microstructure variables, namely grain size and bond radius. These additions represent major upgrades to the snow component of the Noah-MP LSM because they incorporate processes and methods used in more specialized snow modeling frameworks. These upgrades are demonstrated in idealized and real-world applications. The test simulations were promising and show that the newly added snow physics replicate observed behavior with reasonable accuracy. We hope these upgrades facilitate ongoing and future research on characterizing the effects of the integrated snow and soil land surface in extreme cold environments at the tactical scale.

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