Relevant bibliographies by topics / Particles flux

Academic literature on the topic 'Particles flux'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Particles flux":

1

Tanis-Kanbur, Melike Begum, Navin Raj Tamilselvam, Hsiao Yu Lai, and Jia Wei Chew. "Impact of Particle Shape and Surface Group on Membrane Fouling." Membranes 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040403.

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Membrane fouling remains one of the most critical drawbacks in membrane filtration processes. Although the effect of various operating parameters—such as flow velocity, concentration, and foulant size—are well-studied, the impact of particle shape is not well understood. To bridge this gap, this study investigated the effect of polystyrene particle sphericity (sphere, peanut and pear) on external membrane fouling, along with the effect of particle charge (unmodified, carboxylated, and aminated). The results indicate that the non-spherical particles produce higher critical fluxes than the spherical particles (i.e., respectively 24% and 13% higher for peanut and pear), which is caused by the looser packing in the cake due to the varied particle orientations. Although higher crossflow velocities diminished the differences in the critical flux values among the particles of different surface charges, the differences among the particle shapes remained distinct. In dead-end filtration, non-spherical particles also produced lower flux declines. The shear-induced diffusion model predicts all five particle types well. The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) and extended DLVO (XDLVO) models were used to quantify the interaction energies, and the latter agreed with the relative critical flux trends of all of the PS particles. As for the flux decline trends, both the DLVO and XDLVO results are in good agreement.
2

Vigneswaran, S., D. Y. Kwon, H. H. Ngo, and J. Y. Hu. "Improvement of microfiltration performance in water treatment: is critical flux a viable solution?" Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (May 1, 2000): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0669.

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In this study, three definitions for critical flux were introduced based on the crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) experiments conducted under an operational mode of constant permeate flux. The critical flux based on material balance was calculated from the rate of particles deposition. The highest permeate flux results in no particle deposition being taken at the critical flux. The second definition was based on the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP). The critical flux based on the TMP increase is the flux below which the membrane fouling does not occur. The third definition was based on the direct observation of particles deposition through microscope. Detailed experiments were conducted with synthetic suspension of different sizes of latex particles. Long term experiments conducted with polydispersed kaolin clay suspension indicated that the critical flux based on material balance concept is more realistic in field conditions.
3

Kwon, D. Y., and S. Vigneswaran. "Influence of particle size and surface charge on critical flux of crossflow microfiltration." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0701.

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The effect of particle size and ionic strength of the feed suspension on critical flux was studied. The critical flux was defined in two different ways (strong and mild definition). The fouling, the increase of resistance (which is the basis of the mild definition of the critical flux) was relatively sensitive to the deposition of particles of 0.46 μm on the membrane of 0.2 μm mean pore. On the other hand, the deposition of large particles of 3.2 μm to a certain value on the membrane surface of 0.2 μm mean pore did not lead to the increase in resistance. In case of 11.9 μm particles, the transmembrane pressure did not increase even with significant amount of deposition of particles. The ionic strength of suspension had significant effect on the critical flux. For an ionic strength less than 1×10−1.5 M, there was a decrease in the critical flux. This could be due to the dense layer of deposit which is the result of less diffuse layer thickness of particles. Above this ionic strength, a significant increase in critical flux was noticed which may be due to the aggregation of particles.
4

KIM, DAE-GEUN, and JAE-HO LEE. "KINETIC STUDY OF WC PARTICLES INCORPORATION IN NICKEL COMPOSITE PLATING." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 03 (June 2010): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10014089.

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The particles, suspended in the electrolyte, can be co-deposited with metal. The co-deposition behaviors of WC and Co-coated WC particles on nickel matrix were investigated. Many operating parameters that influence on the quantity of incorporated particles, including current density, bath agitation and electrolyte composition were investigated. The co-deposition of particles during electroplating depends on the rate of metal deposition and on the flux of particles to the film surface. The growth rate of the metal film is determined by the current density, whereas the flux of particles to the electrode surface is dependent on the particle size, particle concentration in solution, the electrode rotation rate, the particle diffusion coefficient, and the electrode geometry. The kinetic parameters in the co-deposition were calculated from the experimental results. Co-coated WC particles were easily incorporated in the matrix than WC particles from the calculated and experimental results.
5

Wang, Yi, Wen Yang, and Lifeng Zhang. "Interaction between Ti-bearing ultra-low carbon solid steel and mold flux at 1400 °C." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 4 (2019): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019023.

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Laboratory scale experiments on the reaction between mold flux and solid titanium (Ti) bearing ultra low carbon (ULC) steel were carried out at 1400 °C. It was found that the composition of mold flux particles changed after the interactions, which was resulted from the reduction of flux components by the aluminum (Al) and Ti in steel, leading to the decrease of SiO2 and the increase of Al2O3 and TiOx in flux particles. A layer of oxides was precipitated in the steel near the steel-flux interface. Al2O3 particles were firstly precipitated and then transformed into Ti-Al-O type with the decrease of the distance from the interface and the increase of reheating time, accompanying with the increase of the particle size. The precipitation of particles was estimated to result from the reoxidation of the steel matrix by the oxygen diffused from the mold flux, which would further increase the detriment of the entrapped mold flux to the cleanliness and surface quality of the rolled sheets of ULC steel.
6

Pierce, J. Kevin, Marwan A. Hassan, and Rui M. L. Ferreira. "Probabilistic description of bedload fluxes from the aggregate dynamics of individual grains." Earth Surface Dynamics 10, no. 4 (August 3, 2022): 817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-817-2022.

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Abstract. We formulate the bedload sediment flux probability distribution from the Lagrangian dynamics of individual grains. Individual particles obey Langevin equations wherein the stochastic forces driving particle motions are switched on and off by particle entrainment and deposition. The flux is calculated as the rate of many such particles crossing a control surface within a specified observation time. Flux distributions inherit observation time dependence from the on–off motions of particles. At the longest observation times, distributions converge to sharp peaks around classically expected values, but at short times, fluctuations are erratic. We relate this scale dependence of bedload transport rates to the movement characteristics of individual sediment grains. This work provides a statistical mechanics description for the fluctuations and observation-scale dependence of sediment transport rates.
7

Bahari, A., S. Mohammadi, N. S. Shakib, M. R. Benam, and Z. Sajjadi. "Monte Carlo Methods to Simulate the Propagation of the Created Atomic/ Nuclear Particles from Underground Piezoelectric Rocks through the Fractures Before the Earthquakes." Atom Indonesia 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/aij.2024.1311.

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Until now, many studies have been performed on particle radiations before or during earthquakes (EQs). Neutron, gamma, electron, proton, and ultra-low frequency (ULF) photons are among the particles, detected during EQs. In our previous study, with the help of piezoelectricity relationships and the elastic energy formula, the Monte Carlo N‐Particle eXtended (MCNPX) simulation code was applied to find the amount of created atomic/nuclear particles, the dominant interactions; and the energy of the particles for various sizes of quartz and granite blocks. In this study, using the MCNPX simulation code, we have estimated the flux of the particles (created from under-stressed granitic rocks) at different distances from the EQ hypocenter inside the fractures, filled with air, water, and CO2. It was found that inside a water-filled fracture, the particles do not show the flux far from the EQ hypocenter. However, inside the gases like air and CO2 with the normal condition density, different types of particles can have a flux far from the source (more than a kilometer) and they might reach themselves to the surface in the case that the EQ hypocenter is very shallow (0­-5 km). However, for deep EQs, it seems that the most detected nuclear particles on the surface should pass via the vacuum-filled fractures and reach the surface. Moreover, it was concluded that the higher the density of the fracture’s filling fluid, the less distance that the particles can have a flux.
8

ZAKAULLAH, M., IMTIAZ AHMAD, KHAIRUR REHMAN, and G. MURTAZA. "USE OF SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS CR-39 TO STUDY CHARGED PARTICLES EMISSION FROM A 3 kJ PLASMA FOCUS." Modern Physics Letters B 09, no. 16 (July 10, 1995): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984995001005.

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The CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors are employed to investigate the fluence anisotropy of charged particles (protons, deuterons and tritons) emitted from the focus region of a low energy Mather-type plasma focus energized by a single 32 μF, 15 kV (3.6 kJ) capacitor. The charged particle flux is the highest in the axial direction, and decreases towards the radial direction. The radial charged particles flux is six times smaller than the flux in the axial direction.
9

SHIM, JEONGHEE, MYUNG WOO HAN, YOUNG CHUL KANG, and DONGSEON KIM. "Biogeochemical cycle of organic matter in a subtidal benthic environment in Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 17, no. 2 (June 2005): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102005002592.

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The flux and composition of settling particles were measured in a subtidal benthic environment of Marian Cove, King George Island, from February 1998–January 2000. The total mass flux ranged between 2.47 g m−2 d−1 (August and September 1998) and 21.97 g m−2 d−1 (February 1999), and showed distinct seasonal variation: high in the summer and low in winter. Lithogenic particles constituted 70–95% of the total particles, while biogenic particles represented only 10%, except in spring when biogenic particles made up more than 30%. The fluxes of organic carbon, biogenic silica, nitrogen, and organic phosphorus all peaked in spring rather than in summer, with ranges of 4.4–34.0, 1.2–23.5, 0.48–5.56, and 0.01–0.15 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Fluxes of metals (Al, Ti, Cu, Cd, and Pb) showed temporal variability, similar to that of the total mass flux, but each metal had different enrichment factor (EF) values. The EF value of Cu correlated positively with fluxes in lithogenic components, while the EF value of Cd correlated with biogenic particle fluxes. The Cu flux is mainly related to substantial inflows of melt water laden with Cu- enriched lithogenic particles. The Cd flux is probably associated with organic matter deposition following phytoplankton blooms in the water column.
10

Singh, R. N., and R. Prasad. "Wave–particle interaction and enhanced precipitation of charged particles." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-070.

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In addition to parallel electric fields, the distortions in the geomagnetic field have been considered in the study of resonant whistler wave interaction with gyrating charged particles. Mead axisymmetric distortions in the geomagnetic field have been considered and new expressions for the inhomogeneity parameter, αd, have been obtained. Considering the diffusion of charged particles in pitch angle, the variation in the precipitating electron flux under varying magnetospheric conditions has been computed. The variation in the distribution of trapped charged particles is shown to play an important role in controlling the electron flux precipitated into the lower ionosphere.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particles flux":

1

Franche, Paul. "Towards new classes of flux compactifications." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114219.

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We derive novel solutions of flux compactification with D7-branes on the resolved conifold in type IIB String Theory and later extend this solution to allow for non-zero temperature. At zero temperature, we find that adding D7-branes via the Ouyang embedding contributes to the supersymmetry-breaking (1,2) imaginary-self-dual flux, without generating a bulk cosmological constant. We further find that having D7-branes and a resolved conifold together give rise to a non-trivial D-term on the D7-branes. This supersymmetry-breaking term vanishes when we take the singular conifold limit, although supersymmetry appears to remain broken. We also lift our construction to F-theory where we show that the type IIB (1,2) flux goes to (2,2) non-primitive flux on the fourfold.In the second part of the thesis, we extend these results by taking the non-extremal limit of our geometry to incorporate temperature. In this case, the internal NS-NS and R-R fluxes are no longer expected to be self-dual, but they should also naturally be extensions of the fluxes found above. From the supergravity equations of motion, we compute how the new contributions to the fluxes should enter, due to the squashing of the resolved metric and non-extremality. This provides us with a compelling gravity dual of large N thermal quantum chromodynamics with flavor.
Nous dérivons de nouvelles solutions de compactification de flux avec des membranes D7 sur une variété conique résolu en Théorie des Cordes de type IIB et é endons ultérieurement cette solution afin de permettre des températures non-nulles. A température nulle, nous trouvons que l'ajout de membranes D7, suivant l'incorporation de Ouyang, contribue à la rupture de la supersymétrie par des flux auto-duaux imaginaires (1,2), sans générer de constante cosmologique. Nous constatons en outre que d'avoir à la fois des membranes D7 et une variété conique résolu donne lieu à un terme D non-trivial sur les membranes D7. Ce terme de rupture de supersymétrie disparaît lorsque l'on prend la limite singuliere de notre variété conique, bien que la supersymétrie semble rester brisée. Nous avons également étendue notre construction la théorie F où nous montrons que le flux (1,2) de type IIB deviens un flux non-primitif de type (2,2). Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous étendons ces résultats en prenant la limite non-extrêmal de notre géométrie afin d'inclure une température non-nulle. Dans ce cas, nous ne nous attendons plus à ce que les flux internes NS-NS et R-R soient auto-duaux, mais ils devraient tout de même être le prolongement naturel des flux trouvés ci-dessus. A partir des équations du mouvement de le supergravité, nous calculons comment la résolution et la non-extrêmalite de la métrique devraient contribuer aux flux. Cela nous donne ainsi une version gravitationnelle convaincante dual de la chromodynamique quantique à grand nombre de couleurs.
2

Merlin, J. H. "Hybrid mesons in the flux-tube model." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375288.

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Giles, Rory. "Novel magnetic particles for bioassays." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066313/document.

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Les particules superparamagnétiques constituent un outil puissant pour de nombreuses applications biomédicales, ce potentiel est souvent restreint à cause de leur stabilité limitée dans les milieux biologiques ou du piégeage orientationnel sous champ magnétique. Dans cette thèse, ces problèmes ont été résolus en créant une nouvelle génération de particules à interfaces liquides fonctionnalisées. Ces particules sont formulées en utilisant des émulsions de ferrofluides qui incorporent des phospholipides fonctionnalisés, notamment biotinylés pour permettre la capture de streptavidine. La taille est contrôlée grâce à la microfluidique, permettant la production d'émulsions uniformes. L'utilisation de streptavidine fluorescente révèle que la capture est influencée par les propriétés du cosurfactant et du ligand ainsi que par le nombre de ligands disponibles. La mobilité des ligands est démontrée par l'adhésion observée entre les gouttelettes liées par de la streptavidine et le mouvement des billes couvertes de streptavidine capturées à l'interface. Enfin, le potentiel de ces particules est exploré en créant un dosage pour le diagnostic. La présence d'analytes en solution est indiquée par l’agglutination. Dans ce travail l'agglutination est provoquée par la complexation entre des émulsions biotinylés et la streptavidine (ou des billes couvertes de streptavidine). L’utilisation de gouttelettes de taille calibrée permet de compter avec précision des agrégats spécifiques par cytométrie de flux, la limite de détection étant dans la gamme femtomolaire. Cela surpasse la gamme picomolaire atteint généralement par des billes solides
Colloidal superparamagnetic particles are a powerful tool in biotechnology, yet their applications are often hindered by limited stability in biological media or by orientation trapping under applied magnetic fields. In this thesis, these problems are addressed by developing novel magnetic particles bearing ligands at a liquid interface. Magnetic particle analogues are formulated using ferrofluidic emulsions, which incorporate functionalised phospholipids. Droplet size is controlled using microfluidic membrane emulsification to produce highly uniform populations. Ligands are modelled using biotinylated lipids, permitting the capture of streptavidin at the droplet interface. Fluorescently labelled proteins reveal that capture efficiency is influenced by the cosurfactant interfacial activity and the polymer spacer length of the ligand. Overall, capture saturation is found to be related to the number of ligands available at the interface. Ligand mobility is demonstrated by the formation of adhesion plaques between streptavidin cross-linked droplets and the motion of streptavidin coated beads caught at the interface. Finally, an application is explored by creating a new immunoassay. Polyvalent proteins or beads crosslink ligand functionalised droplets forming aggregates. Using size calibrated droplets specific aggregates can be accurately counted using flow cytometry and the limit of detection is found to be in the femtomolar range, this surpasses the picomolar range typically achieved using solid beads
4

Hay, Bernward J. "Particle flux in the western Black Sea in the present and over the last 5000 years temporal variability, sources, transport mechanisms /." Woods Hole, Mass. : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17240039.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.
Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant Number OCE 84-17106 ...
5

McCauley, Neil K. "Producing a background free data set for measurement of the charge current flux and day-night asymmetry at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270284.

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6

Faghihi, Mohammad Hosein. "Effect of Pore Geometry on Membrane Flux Decline due to Pore Constriction by Particles in Ultra and Micro Filtration." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24296.

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Membrane separation is known as an economic and environmental friendly mode of separation and is used in various types of separation processes. The major challenges regarding membrane separation are the internal and external fouling of the membrane which reduces the permeate flux of the membranes by inducing extra resistance to flow. Synthetic membranes are designed and implemented to separate solutes or particles in a feed stream by rejecting them and permitting the liquid to pass through the membrane pores; however, most of the feed streams, such as wastewaters, contain more than one type of solute. This yields a distribution of particle sizes in the feed. Many wastewaters contain supracolloidal particles (1-100µm). Most membrane separations aim to remove these particles from the feed solution. Wastewaters also contain colloidal particles (0.001-1µm). These particles are less concentrated than supracolloidal particles in the feed but they are more problematic since they are able to penetrate into the membrane pores and cause internal fouling which is the main source of irreversible flux decline. Fouling mechanisms are traditionally classified into four types. Among these mechanisms, standard pore blocking (pore constriction) refers to internal fouling while the other types model external fouling. On the effect of pore geometry, as a morphological factor, studies to date have been limited to external membrane fouling. However, it is believed that up to 80% of the permeate flux can be affected by pore constriction which is caused by particle penetration and deposition into membrane pores (internal fouling). The effect of pore geometry, as a factor, in flux decline due pore constriction of membranes was investigated in this work. Pore constriction by particles was approximated by maximum particle deposition onto the interior wall of the pores and simulated using MATLAB image processing toolbox (MIPT). Sixteen different basic geometries were considered for the simulation of pore constriction by particles. These include circular pores, 3 groups of rectangular, triangular and oval geometries at four different aspect ratios (3, 7, 15 and 30) and three combined geometries of star, cross and a rectangle with rounded ends. The simulation of maximum particle deposition onto pore walls was carried out for a range of particle diameters to pore hydraulic diameters (λ) of 0.1 to the complete rejection of the particle by the pore. As the result of the simulation, the ratio of the available pore cross-sectional area after pore constriction to initial pore cross-sectional area (α) and the ratio of pore channel hydraulic diameter after pore constriction to initial pore hydraulic diameter (β) were measured and recorded. It was observed that for λ<0.2 (small particles compared to pore size) some geometries showed the same values of α and β. However, for λ>0.2, other geometries showed different values of α and β. It was also observed that several geometries reject the particle at different λ ratios. Using the values of α and β, the fluxes of membranes having different pore geometries, after pore constriction by particles, were calculated and compared. These results show that for a very small particle size, compared to pore size, there is no preference for a specific geometry over another; however, for intermediate particle sizes, membranes having triangular and star pore shapes provide higher fluxes compared to other membranes. The effect of pore aspect ratio (PAR) on the flux of membranes after pore constriction was also examined. In order to compare the combined effect of pore geometry on particle rejection and pore constriction, fluxes of membranes having different pore shapes were compared in light of several pore size distributions (PSDs). For this part of the study, the pore geometries of circular, rectangular, triangular and oval were considered at four PARs. Different values for the hydraulic diameter of the largest rejecting pore (D_(H,LRP)) were observed for different geometries. Rectangular pores showed the largest values of D_(H,LRP), at a constant PAR, which affirms their superior rejection behavior. The overall flux of the membranes after pore constriction was determined by a combination of three effects: the position of D_(H,LRP) in the PSD, the pore constriction behavior of the pore geometry and the shape of the PSD. Generally, for the PSDs for which most of the pores in the membrane physically reject the particles, membranes having rectangular pores showed higher fluxes, due to the greater rejection of particles. However, for PSDs for which a major number of pores are constricted by the particles, membranes with triangular pores offered higher flux after membrane pore constriction. The results of this work indicate a new direction for the design of membranes having defined pore geometries.
7

Venkataraman, Manoj. "THE EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL STABILITY ON THE HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOSILICA DISPERSED FLUIDS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3656.

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Addition of nano particles to cooling fluids has shown marked improvement in the heat transfer capabilities. Nanofluids, liquids that contain dispersed nanoparticles, are an emerging class of fluids that have great potential in many applications. There is a need to understand the fundamental behavior of nano dispersed particles with respect to their agglomeration characteristics and how it relates to the heat transfer capability. Such an understanding is important for the development and commercialization of nanofluids. In this work, the stability of nano particles was studied by measuring the zeta potential of colloidal particles, particle concentration and size. Two different sizes of silica nano particles, 10 nm and 20 nm are used in this investigation at 0.2 vol. % and 0.5 vol. % concentrations. The measurements were made in deionized (DI) water, buffer solutions at various pH, DI water plus HCl acid solution (acidic pH) and DI water plus NaOH solution (basic pH). The stability or instability of silica dispersions in these solutions was related to the zeta potential of colloidal particles and confirmed by particle sizing measurements and independently by TEM observations. Low zeta potentials resulted in agglomeration as expected and the measured particle size was greater. The heat transfer characteristics of stable or unstable silica dispersions using the above solutions were experimentally determined by measuring heat flux as a function of temperature differential between a nichrome wire and the surrounding fluid. These experiments allowed the determination of the critical heat flux (CHF), which was then related to the dispersion characteristics of the nanosilica in various fluids described above. The thickness of the diffuse layer on nano particles was computed and experimentally confirmed in selected conditions for which there was no agglomeration. As the thickness of the diffuse layer decreased due to the increase in salt content or the ionic content, the electrostatic force of repulsion cease to exist and Van der Waal's force of agglomeration prevailed causing the particles to agglomerate affecting the CHF. The 10nm size silica particle dispersions showed better heat transfer characteristics compared to 20nm dispersion. It was also observed that at low zeta potential values, where agglomeration prevailed in the dispersion, the silica nano particles had a tendency to deposit on the nickel chromium wire used in CHF experiments. The thickness of the deposition was measured and the results show that with a very high deposition, CHF is enhanced due to the porosity on the wire. The 10nm size silica particles show higher CHF compared to 20nm silica particles. In addition, for both 10nm and 20nm silica particles, 0.5 vol. % concentration yielded higher heat transfer compared to 0.2 vol. % concentration. It is believed that although CHF is significantly increased with nano silica containing fluids compared to pure fluids, formation of particle clusters in unstable slurries will lead to detrimental long time performance, compared to that with stable silica dispersions.
M.S.M.S.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science and Engineering
8

Septien, Stringel Joël. "High temperature gasification of millimetric wood particles between 800°C and 1400°C." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0125/document.

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La gazéification de la biomasse a été étudiée dans les conditions d'un réacteur à flux entraîné, à savoir à vitesse de chauffage et à température élevées. Des expériences ont été réalisées dans un four à chute entre 800°C et 1400°C, à partir de particules de bois de taille 0,35 mm et 0,80 mm, dans une atmosphère inerte (100% molaire de N2), ou contenant de la vapeur d’eau (25% molaire). Les expériences ont également été simulées grâce à un modèle 1D avec des résultats positifs, ce qui a permis de mieux comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu. Les solides obtenus (suies et char) ont été analysés et caractérisés. Des rendements élevés en gaz et goudrons, et un faible rendement en char ont été mesurés. Par conséquent, l'évolution de la phase volatile est déterminante pour les rendements des produits finaux. Au-dessus de 1000°C, la formation de suies devient importante. Les suies sont formées à partir de C2H2 et de HAP. En présence de vapeur d’eau, le rendement en suies est nettement moins élevé, ce qui s’explique essentiellement par le vaporeformage des précurseurs de suie, mais aussi par leur gazéification. La réaction de water-gas shift joue un rôle important dans la distribution des gaz majoritaires. La gazéification du char a été mise en évidence à 1200°C et 1400°C sous atmosphère humide. L'ensemble de ces réactions conduit à un gaz riche en H2, CO et CO2. L'équilibre thermodynamique est presque atteint à 1400°C avec une concentration de 25% molaire de H2O dans l’atmosphère. La graphitisation et la désactivation du char porté à haute température ont été mises en évidence expérimentalement. Néanmoins, ces phénomènes ont une influence négligeable sur l’évolution du rendement en char lors des expériences en four à chute. Enfin, la taille des particules n’a presque aucune influence sur les résultats expérimentaux
Biomass gasification was studied in the conditions of an entrained flow reactor, namely at high heating rate and temperature. Experiments in a drop tube reactor were performed between 800°C and 1400°C, with wood particles of 0.35 mm and 0.80 mm size, under inert and steam containing - 25 mol% of H2O - atmospheres. These experiments were also simulated with a 1D model which gave good predictions. The collected solids, soot and char, were analyzed and characterized. This study highlights the importance of gas phase reactions on the yields of the final products, mainly gaseous compounds, in these conditions. These reactions are hydrocarbons cracking, reforming and polymerization, leading to soot formation, and water-gas shift. Char graphitization and deactivation were experimentally demonstrated. However, these phenomena have a negligible influence on char evolution in the drop tube reactor. Finally, the particle size was shown to have almost no influence on experimental results
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Rodríguez, Gasén Rosa. "Modelling SEP events: latitudinal and longitudinal dependence of the injection rate of shock-accelerated protons and their flux profiles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31855.

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Gradual SEP events is one of the greatest hazards in space environment, particularly for the launch and operation of spacecraft and for manned exploration. Predictions of their occurrence and intensity are essential to ensure the proper operation of technical and scientific instruments. However, nowadays there is a large gap between observations and models these events that can lead to predictions. This work focuses on the modelling of SEP events, particularly, on the influence of the observer's relative position and of the shock strength, on the simulated SEP flux profiles. Part I of the thesis, deals with 3D MHD simulations of interplanetary shocks. We have studied the potential relevance of the latitude of the observer on the evolution of the strength of the shock and its influence on the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles; thus, on the resulting flux profiles. It is the first time that such dependence on the latitude is quantified from the modelling of SEP events, because most of the codes used so far to simulate interplanetary shocks are not 3D codes or they have been applied to near-ecliptic events. To study the influence of the latitude of the observer and the strength of the shock in the SEP flux profiles, we have simulated the propagation of two shocks (slow and fast) up to several observers placed at different positions with respect to the nose of the shock. We have calculated the evolution of the plasma and magnetic field variables at the cobpoint, and we have derived the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles and the resulting proton flux profiles to be measured by each observer. We have discussed how observers located at different positions in space measure different SEP profiles, showing that variations on the latitude may result in intensity changes of up to one order of magnitude. In Part II, we have used a new shock-and-particle model to simulate the 1 March 1979 SEP event that was observed by three different spacecraft. These spacecraft were positioned at similar radial distances but at significantly different angular positions, with respect to the associated solar source location. This particular scenario allows us to test the capability of the model to study the relevance of longitudinal variations in the shape of the intensity flux profiles, and to derive the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles. Despite the interest of multi-spacecraft events and due to the restrictions that they impose, this is just the second multi-spacecraft scenario for which their shock-particle characteristics have been modelled. For the first time, a simulation of a propagation of an interplanetary shock has simultaneously reproduced the time shock arrival and the relevant plasma jumps across the shock at three spacecraft. We have fitted the proton intensities at the three spacecraft for different energy channels, and we have derived the particle transport conditions in space. We have quantified the efficiency of the shock at injecting particles in its way toward each observer, and we have discussed the influence of the observer's relative position on the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles. We have concluded that in this specific event the evolution of the injection rate can not be completely explained in terms of the normalized velocity jump. The work performed during this thesis shows that the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles and their resulting flux profiles depend both on the latitude and on the longitude of the observer. This implies that more SEP events have to be modelled in order to quantify this conclusion on firm ground.
Els esdeveniments graduals de partícules solars energètiques (SEP) són un risc important per als astronautes i l’ instrumentació espacial. És per això que són necessàries eines de predicció de la intensitat i l'ocurrència de les tempestes de partícules solars per a garantitzar l'operativitat del material tècnic i científic embarcat. Existeix un gran buit, però, entre les prediccions del models actuals (per a ús en meteorologia espacial), i les observacions d'esdeveniments SEP. El treball realitzat durant aquesta tesi doctoral es centra en diversos aspectes de la simulació d'esdeveniments SEP. En particular, analitzem la influència de la posició relativa de l'observador i de la força del xoc en els perfils de flux derivats del nostre model combinat xoc-i-partícula. A partir de simulacions 3D, obtenim que el ritme d'injecció de partícules accelerades pel xoc depèn de la longitud de l'observador i demostrem, per primera vegada, que també depèn de la seva latitud. I es mostra que, conseqüentment, els perfils de flux detectats poden variar en un ordre de magnitud depenent de la connexió magnètica de l'observador amb el front del xoc. A més a més, presentem una simulació 2D d'un esdeveniment solar vist per tres sondes interplanetàries, pel qual s'ha ajustat, per primera vegada, l'arribada del xoc i els perfils de intensitat dels protons de diferents canals d'energia observats per cadascuna de les sondes. Així mateix, hem ajustat els salts en velocitat i camp magnètic a l'arribada del xoc, hem derivat les condicions de transport de les partícules i hem quantificat l'eficiència del xoc com a injector de partícules. La conclusió final del treball és que els futurs models de predicció d'esdeveniments SEP per a meteorologia espacial han de tenir en compte la geometria global de l'escenari solar-interplanetari.
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Rizzitelli, Federico. "Design and implementation of BIRDY satellite data and Radiation Payload simulators." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Numerical modelling and simulations are needed to develop and test specific analysis methods by providing test data before BIRDY would be launched. This document describes the "satellite data simulator" which is a multi-sensor, multi-spectral satellite simulator produced especially for the BIRDY mission which could be used as well to analyse data from other satellite missions providing energetic particles data in the Solar system.
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Books on the topic "Particles flux":

1

M, Khounsary Ali, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. High heat flux engineering III: 5-6 August 1996, Denver, Colorado. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 1996.

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Huston, S. L. Space environment effects: Low-altitude trapped radiation model. [Marshall Space Flight Center], Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1998.

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A, Xapsos M., and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Space environment effects: Model for emission of solar protons (ESP)--cumulative and worst-case event fluences. [Marshall Space Flight Center], Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1999.

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1945-, Ittekkot V., ed. Particle flux in the ocean. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

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C, Rana N., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, eds. Ultrahigh-energy particle flux from cosmic strings. Batavia, IL: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1990.

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C, Rana N., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, eds. Ultrahigh-energy particle flux from cosmic strings. Batavia, IL: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1990.

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M, Ganssen G., Wefer G, Joint Global Ocean Flux Study., and Past Global Changes (Project), eds. Particle flux and its preservation in deep-sea sediments. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 2000.

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Bachalo, W. D. Mass flux measurements of a high number density spray system using the phase Doppler particle analyzer. New York: AIAA, 1988.

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Heumann, William L. Industrial air pollution control systems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

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Hay, Bernward J. Particle flux in the western Black Sea in the present and over the last 5000 years: Temporal variability, sources, transport mechanisms. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Particles flux":

1

Knauer, George. "The Analytical Determination of Mass Flux, Inorganic and Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Flux in Rapidly Sinking Particles Collected in Sediment Traps." In Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization, 79–82. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm063p0079.

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Risso, Dino, and Patricio Cordero. "Poiseuille Flux of Hard Particles: Theory and Simulations." In Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, 111–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0239-8_10.

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Mosquera, J., A. Hensen, W. C. M. Van Den Bulk, A. T. Vermeulen, and J. W. Erisman. "Long Term NH3 Flux Measurements above Grasslands in the Netherlands." In Air-Surface Exchange of Gases and Particles (2000), 203–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9026-1_20.

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Edwards, G. C., G. M. Dias, G. W. Thurtell, G. E. Kidd, N. T. Roulet, C. A. Kelly, J. W. M. Rudd, A. Moore, and L. Halfpenny-Mitchell. "Methane Fluxes from a Wetland using the Flux-Gradient Technique." In Air-Surface Exchange of Gases and Particles (2000), 447–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9026-1_44.

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Umemura, T., K. Egawa, S. Kinouchi, A. Nozaki, S. Utsunomiya, B. Ni, E. S. Otabe, and T. Matsushita. "Flux Pinning Characteristics in Superconducting Bi-(2212) Single Grains with Normal Particles." In Advances in Superconductivity IV, 355–58. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68195-3_74.

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Fontan, J., A. Lopez, E. Lamaud, and A. Druilhet. "Vertical Flux Measurements of the Submicronic Aerosol Particles and Parametrisation of the Dry Deposition Velocity." In Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances, 381–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03394-4_30.

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Ni, Baorong, Jiwu Xiong, and Zhongxian Zhao. "Effect of MgO Particles Addition on Flux Pinning Characteristic in Partial-Melting Processed Bi-2212 Bulk." In Advances in Superconductivity X, 525–28. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66879-4_122.

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Ponomarev, Maxim Glebovich. "Exact Analytical Expression for Maximum Heat Flux from Impulsive Sources of Charged Particles in Magnetic Field." In Springer Geology, 299–309. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6575-5_31.

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Li, X., S. Palo, R. Kohnert, D. Gerhardt, L. Blum, Q. Schiller, D. Turner, W. Tu, N. Sheiko, and C. Shearer Cooper. "Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment: Differential Flux Measurements of Energetic Particles in a Highly Inclined Low Earth Orbit." In Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere, 385–404. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012gm001313.

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Király, P. "Heliospheric Energetic Particle Flux Variations." In Interball in the ISTP Program, 75–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4487-2_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Particles flux":

1

Shiu, G. "Towards Realistic Flux Vacua." In PARTICLES, STRINGS, AND COSMOLOGY: 11th International Symposium on Particles, Strings, and Cosmology; PASCOS 2005. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2149699.

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Baret, B. "Flux of light antimatter nuclei near Earth." In PARTICLES AND NUCLEI: Seventeenth Internatinal Conference on Particles and Nuclei. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2220440.

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Sikora, Marek. "Are Quasar Jets Matter or Poynting Flux Dominated?" In ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES OF HIGH ENERGY PARTICLES AND RADIATION. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2141855.

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Sarangi, Suchismita, Justin A. Weibel, and Suresh V. Garimella. "Effect of Particle Morphology on Pool Boiling From Surfaces Coated With Sintered Particles." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50238.

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Immersion cooling strategies often employ surface enhancements to improve the pool boiling heat transfer performance. Sintered particle/powder coatings with different constituent particle sizes and total layer thicknesses have been commonly used on smooth surfaces to reduce the wall superheat and increase the critical heat flux during pool boiling. However, the role of the particle morphology on pool boiling has not been explicitly investigated. Since the morphology of the particles affects the pore shape, permeability, surface roughness, effective conductivity and diffusivity of the sintered coating, it will impact the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux during boiling. In this study, pool boiling of FC-72 is experimentally investigated using copper surfaces coated with a layer of sintered copper particles of irregular, dendritic and spherical morphologies. In order to isolate the effect of particle morphology, particles with the same effective diameter (90–106 μm) are sintered under controlled conditions that yield the same porosity (∼60%) and coating thickness (∼6 particle diameters) for all samples tested. The effects of particle morphology on the incipient wall superheat, nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, and critical heat flux are analyzed. The morphology of the pore structure in the coating formed by sintering is observed with SEM images; bubble nucleation and departure characteristics affecting the heat transfer performance of the coatings are qualitatively assessed with the aid of high-speed flow visualizations to corroborate the trends observed in the boiling curves. The irregular particles are observed to show the highest heat transfer coefficient, followed by dendritic and then spherical particles. The critical heat flux is found to be independent of the particle morphology.
5

Koizumi, Yasuo, Hiroyasu Ohtake, and Manabu Mochizuki. "Study on Subcooled-Forced Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Critical Heat Flux of Solid-Water Two-Phase Mixture." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1044.

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Abstract The effect of solid particle introduction on subcooled-forced flow boiling heat transfer and a critical heat flux was examined experimentally. In the experiment, glass beads of 0.6 mm diameter were mixed in subcooled water. Experiments were conducted in a range of the subcooling of 40 K, a velocity of 0.17–6.7 m/s, a volumetric particle ratio of 0–17%. When particles were introduced, the growth of a superheated liquid layer near a heat trasnsfer surface seemed to be suppressed and the onset of nucleate boiling was delayed. The particles promoted the condensation of bubbles on the heat transfer surface, which shifted the initiation of a net vapor generation to a high heat flux region. Boiling heat trasnfer was augmented by the particle introduction. The suppression of the growth of the superheated liquid layer and the promotion of bubble condensation and dissipation by the particles seemed to contribute that heat transfer augmentation. The wall superheat at the critical heat flux was elevated by the particle introduction and the critical heat flux itself was also enhanced. However, the degree of the critical heat flux improvement was not drastic.
6

Li, Lin, Cun-liang Liu, Xiao-Yu Shi, Hui-ren Zhu, and Bing-ran Li. "Numerical Investigation on Sand Particles Deposition in a U-Bend Ribbed Internal Cooling Passage of Turbine Blade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90850.

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Abstract Sand particles impinge the internal cooling passage of the turbine blade and easily deposit, which lead to the decrease of cooling efficiency of the turbine blade and the increase of turbine blade temperature. In order to explore sand particles deposition mechanism in the internal cooling passage of turbine blades, the numerical simulation was performed in a U-bend passage with rib turbulators by means of a commercial CFD code. The fluid phase was modelled employing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach. The discrete phase was solved using Lagrangian particle tracking method and a continuous random walk model. A particle deposition model was implemented using user-defined functions. The Reynolds numbers of 30000, 23000 and 15500 are considered. Particles sizes in the range 1–20 microns are considered. Results show that the particles deposition flux decreases gradually along the flow direction. The particles significantly deposit on the rib wall and the bend wall, especially on the windward rib wall and the upstream wall of the bend, with less deposition on the leeward rib wall. This is because the rib wall hinders the movement of fluid and sand particles impact the wall due to inertia, which lead to the energy loss. The particles deposition flux on the windward rib wall increases with the increase of Reynolds number and particles diameter, while the deposition flux on the leeward rib wall decreases. With the increase of the particles diameter, the particles deposition flux increases. The deposition rate increases with the increase of Reynolds number and particles diameter.
7

Bai, Bofeng, Xiaojie Zhang, Maolong Liu, and Wang Su. "Flow Regime Classification and Transition of Flow Boiling Through Porous Channel." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75589.

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In the present research, a visual experiment was carried out on the flow regimes of the porous channels in the spherical fuel element nuclear reactor. Boiling two-phase flow in different porous channels composed of particles with diameters of 4mm, 6mm and 8mm were studied respectively, and four different flow regimes occur within the experimental parameter range: bubbly flow, bubbly-slug flow, slug flow and slug-annular flow. The effects of heat flux, mass flux and particle diameter on the flow regimes were obtained. Bubbles and slugs deform, coalesce and break up more frequently, and increase in both number and size with the increase of the heat flux; bubbles and slugs tend to decrease in number and size with higher mass flux and particles of smaller diameters. At higher mass flux, a higher heat flux is needed to get the same flow regime that occurs at lower mass flux; with particles of smaller diameter, a higher heat flux is needed to get the same flow regime as that of particles of larger diameter. The flow regime map and flow regime transition have been proposed by modifying the void fractions of Tung/Dhir model.
8

Koizumi, Yasuo, Tomoyuki Suzuki, and Hiroyasu Ohtake. "Study on Enhancement of Sub-Cooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Critical Heat Flux of Solid-Water Two-Phase Mixture." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22470.

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The influence of particle introduction into a subcooled water flow on boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux (CHF) was examined. When the water velocity was low, the particles crowded on the bottom wall of the flow channel and flowed just like sliding on the wall. When the water velocity was high, the particles were well dispersed in the water flow. In the non-boiling region, the heat transfer was augmented by the introduction of the particles into the water flow. As the introduction of the particles were increased, the augmentation was also increased in the high water flow rate region. However, it was independent upon the particle introduction rate in the low water flow rate region. The onset of boiling was delayed by the particle inclusion. The boiling heat transfer was enhanced by the particles. However, it was rather decreased in the high heat flux fully-developed-boiling region. The CHF was decreased by the particle inclusion in the low water flow region and was not affected in the high water flow region.
9

Löhner, Herbert, and ANTARES Collaboration. "High-energy neutrino flux studied in the ANTARES deep-sea telescope." In 19TH PARTICLES AND NUCLEI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (PANIC11). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700558.

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Zhu, Gui-Ping, and Nam-Trung Nguyen. "Transport of Magnetic Particles Under a Uniform Magnetic Field in Microchannels." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73047.

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This paper reports the numerical and experimental investigation on magnetic particle concentration in a uniform magnetic field. The flow system consists of water-based ferrofluid and glycerol/DI water mixture streams. Two regimes were observed with spreading and mixing phenomena. With a low magnetic field strength, the spread of magnetic particles is caused by improved diffusion migration. With a relatively high field strength, instability at the interface would occur due to the mismatch in magnetization of the fluid streams. The transport of magnetic particles is induced by chaotic mixing of the fluids caused by a secondary flow. The mixing phenomena are characterized by magnetic flux density. For configuration with flow rate and viscosity ratio (between diamagnetic and magnetic streams) being set at 1 and 0.5, the mixing efficiency analyzed based on magnetic particles concentration increases approximately by 0.3 at around 3.5 mT. This value of magnetic flux density indicates the requirement on instability inception. The mixing efficiency increases with magnetic flux density increases further. Complete mixing can be achieved with a magnetic flux density at around 10 mT. The magnetic approach offers a wireless, heat-free and pH-independent solution for a lab-on-a-chip system.

Reports on the topic "Particles flux":

1

Taylor, S., J. Lever, K. Burgess, R. Stroud, D. Brownlee, L. Nittler, A. Bardyn, et al. Sampling interplanetary dust from Antarctic air. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43345.

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We built a collector to filter interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) larger than 5 µm from the clean air at the Amundsen Scott South Pole station. Our sampling strategy used long duration, continuous dry filtering of near-surface air in place of short duration, high-speed impact collection on flags flown in the stratosphere. We filtered ~107 m³ of clean Antarctic air through 20 cm diameter, 3 µm filters coupled to a suction blower of modest power consumption (5–6 kW). Our collector ran continuously for 2 years and yielded 41 filters for analyses. Based on stratospheric concentrations, we predicted that each month’s collection would provide 300–900 IDPs for analysis. We identified 19 extraterrestrial (ET) particles on the 66 cm² of filter examined, which represented ~0.5% of the exposed filter surfaces. The 11 ET particles larger than 5 µm yield about a fifth of the expected flux based on >5 µm stratospheric ET particle flux. Of the 19 ET particles identified, four were chondritic porous IDPs, seven were FeNiS beads, two were FeNi grains, and six were chondritic material with FeNiS components. Most were <10 µm in diameter and none were cluster particles. Additionally, a carbon-rich candidate particle was found to have a small ¹⁵N isotopic enrichment, supporting an ET origin. Many other candidate grains, including chondritic glasses and C-rich particles with Mg and Si and FeS grains, require further analysis to determine if they are ET. The vast majority of exposed filter surfaces remain to be examined.
2

Siegel, David A., Ivona Cetinic, Andrew F. Thompson, Norman B. Nelson, Michaela Sten, Melissa Omand, Shawnee Traylor, et al. EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) North Atlantic sensor calibration and intercalibration documents. NASA STI Program and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/66998.

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The following documents collect information regarding the calibration and intercalibration of various sensors that were deployed during the North Atlantic field component of the NASA EXPORTS project (EXPORTS NA), which took place between May 4 and June 1, 2021 (Johnson et al., 2023). The EXPORTS NA campaign was designed to to provide a contrasting end member to the earlier North Pacific field campaign, and focused on carbon export associated with the North Atlantic spring bloom in which gravitational sinking of organic particles, the physical advection and mixing, and active transport by vertically migrating zooplankton are all expected to provide significant flux pathways. During EXPORTS NA data sets were collected from a variety of shipbased, autonomously-piloted, and Lagrangian platforms. Intercalibration activities were tasked to different groups within the EXPORTS project team. Team leads and contact information are listed below. The overarching goal of these activities was to identify a trusted sensor, carry out a careful calibration of this sensor, then base any intercalibraiton needs off of this sensor, occasionally propagating information across platforms. Full details of the intercalibration approach, assumptions, and summary are provided in the attached documents. All calibration and intercalibration activities were completed before data set were uplaoded to the NASA SeaBASS data repository. Data related to this cruise can be publicly accessed at: https://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/cruise/EXPORTSNA Updates to calibration and intercalibration documents required to reflect revised data sets will also be provided through SeaBASS. Questions concerning referencing these documents or accessing data sets should be directed to Inia Soto Ramos. NASA EXPORTS Science Lead: David Siegel, davesiegel@ucsb.edu NASA EXPORTS Project Scientist: Ivona Cetini´c, ivona.cetinic@nasa.gov NASA EXPORTS Data Manager: Inia Soto Ramos, inia.m.sotoramos@nasa.gov Calibration and intercalibration leads Temperature and salinity sensors: Andy Thompson, andrewt@caltech.edu Chlorophyll fluorescence sensors: Melissa Omand & Kaley Sten, momand@uri.edu Oxygen sensors: Shawnee Traylor & Roo Nicholson, shawnee@mit.edu Optical backscatter sensors: Xiaodong Zhang, Xiaodong.Zhang@usm.edu Lagrangian float sensors: Eric D’Asaro, dasaro@apl.washington.edu Underway sensors: Leah Johnson, leahjohn@uw.edu Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP)-Particle Size Distribution (PSD): David Siegel, davesiegel@ucsb.edu
3

Bhattacharjee, P. Ultrahigh-energy particle flux from cosmic strings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6966653.

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Fennell, Joseph F., James L. Roeder, H. Spence, H. Singer, and A. Korth. CRRES Observations of Particle Flux Dropout Events. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada296474.

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Fennell, J., J. Roeder, H. Spence, H. Singer, and A. Korth. CRRES Observations of Particle Flux Dropout Events. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada341651.

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Ritter, J. A. IDMS and DWPF SRAT offgas flux and particle entrainment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6985950.

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Ritter, J. A. IDMS and DWPF SRAT offgas flux and particle entrainment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10125674.

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Michael P. Bacon and Roger Francois. Estimation of Particle Flux and Remineralization Rate from Radioactive Disequilibrium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824247.

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Petters, Markus, Sabin Kasparoglu, and Nicholas Meskhidze. Particle Flux Measurements during TRACER (TRACER PFM) Field Campaign Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1974543.

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Chang, Enson, and R. Patton. Moored optical particle flux sensor (MOPAR). SBIR Phase II interim report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10200461.

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